THE  STORY  OF  THE 

HEREFORDS 


ALVIN  H.SANDERS 


A6RIC. 
LIBRARY 


THE  STORY  OF  THE 
HEREFORDS 

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii 

An  account  of  the  origin  and 
development  of  the  breed  in 
Herefordshire,  a  sketch  of  its 
early  introduction  into  the 
United  States  and  Canada, 
and  subsequent  rise  to  popu- 
larity in  the  Western  cattle 
trade,  with  sundry  notes  on  the 
management  of  breeding  herds 


By  ALVIN  H.  SANDERS,  D.  Agr.,  LL.  D. 

Editor  "THE  BREEDER'S  GAZETTE" 
and  author  of  "SHORTHORN  CATTLE" 


Chicago 

The  Breeder's  Gazette 
1914 


MAIN  LIBRARY-APICULTURE  DEFT. 


Copyright,    1914. 

Sanders  Publishing  Company,  Chicago,  111. 
All  rights  reserved. 


LIBRARY 


A  DEDICATION. 

The  story  of  how  the  Herefords  leaped  into  their 
American  fame  little  more  than  a  quarter  of  a  cen- 
tury ago  constitutes  one  of  the  most  interesting 
chapters  in  the  annals  of  our  agriculture.  Bred  and 
prized  as  they  had  been  for  generations  in  their 
native  land,  the  West  of  England;  introduced  as 
they  had  been  in  a  small  way  and  at  an  early  day 
in  various  eastern  and  middle  states,  with  indiffer- 
ent success;  their  invasion  of  the  cornbelt  in  the 
1  i  seventies " ;  the  antagonism  they  encountered  at 
the  hands  of  "vested  interests ";  their  final  con- 
quest of  the  range;  in  brief,  the  winning  of  their 
way  by  sheer  force  of  demonstrated  merit  into  the 
affections  of  all  admirers  of  good  cattle  in  the  New 
World  forms  the  subject  of  a  theme  that  must  ap- 
peal to  every  student  of  the  history  of  animal  hus- 
bandry. 

Those  who  conducted  this  successful  incursion 
into  a  field  once  thought  to  be  fully  and  satisfac- 
torily occupied  were  men  of  force  and  enterprise 
and  character.  It  was  the  good  fortune  of  the 
writer  to  know  most  of  them.  Much  has  already 
been  written  of  their  work.  Possibly  there  is  little 
real  occasion  for  me  to  undertake  to  add  to  what 
has  already  been^recorded,  but  the  memory  of  de- 


4  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE. 

lightful  days  spent  among  the  "white  faces"  in  the 
company  of  these  pioneers  in  a  great  industry,  and 
of  the  happy  hours  about  their  firesides  that  fol- 
lowed each  tour  of  pasture  and  paddock,  impels 
me  to  undertake  this  volume  in  an  effort  at  express- 
ing some  appreciation  of  the  great  service  they 
have  rendered  to  their  country. 

Much  ink  was  needlessly  spilled  and  had  blood 
unnecessarily  engendered  some  years  ago  in  en- 
deavoring to  explain  why  the  "white  faces"  were  so 
long  in  "coming  into  their  own"  in  the  United 
States.  The  lot  of  the  pathfinder  in  any  field  is  not 
always  cast  in  pleasant  places.  Those  who  first 
sought  to  force  the  Hereford  to  the  front  in  the 
west  were  riding  somewhat  "ahead  of  the  hounds." 
They  were  in  advance  of  their  time.  Natural  con- 
ditions were  not  favorable  to  immediate  success, 
and,  knowing  as  they  did  that  there  was  merit  in 
the  breed  they  championed  and  chagrined  at  the 
slow  progress  made,  they  were  inclined  to  attribute 
to  unworthy  jealousies  and  conspiracies  their  fail- 
ure to  compel  general  recognition.  The  impatience 
displayed,  therefore,  by  some  of  those  who  were  on 
the  original  skirmish  line  is  pardonable.  We  are 
now  far  enough  removed  from  the  controversies  of 
the  old  days  to  get  a  proper  perspective;  and 
viewed  in  the  light  of  the  known  facts  it  is  clear 
that  while  some  difficulty  was  at  first  experienced 
in  securing  a  fair  hearing,  the  real  reason  why  the 
Herefords  did  not  sooner  acquire  wide  popularity 
is  grounded  in  more  natural  causes. 


DEDICATION.  5 

When  the  Indian  and  the  buffalo  disappeared  from 
the  great  grassy  west  and  cattle  claimed  the  open 
range,  the  Hereford's  real  hour  in  America  had 
struck,  and  not  before.  The  world's  grazing  breed 
par  excellence  quickly  found  there  a  congenial  home. 
And  when  cornbelt  farmers  began  turning  to  the 
range  for  cattle  to  fill  their  feedyards,  then,  but  not 
until  then,  were  the  necessary  conditions  for  a  wide 
extension  of  Hereford  breeding  in  America  pre- 
sented. In  the  following  pages  we  shall  endeavor  to 
trace  the  trail  from  its  earliest  beginnings  down  to 
the  present  time,  including  such  account  of  the 
origin  and  development  of  the  type  in  Hereford- 
shire, England,  as  may  seem  essential  to  the  intel- 
ligent reading  of  American  records. 

The  long  and  successful  career  of  another  great 
English  breed,  the  Shorthorn,  more  particularly  as 
relating  to  its  rise  and  progress  in  America,  has 
already  been  sketched  by  the  writer  in  a  previous 
volume.  While  we  have  to  do  in  the  following 
pages  with  the  Hereford  alone,  a  close  acquaintance 
with  both  breeds  has  supplied  such  convincing 
proofs  of  the  special  merits  of  each  that  I  can  only 
write  of  one  with  due  appreciation  of  the  other. 
It  will  be  understood,  therefore,  that  this  volume 
is  prepared  in  no  partisan  sense.  This  is  not  an 
effort  to  exploit  Herefords  at  the  expense  of  other 
good  breeds. 

Some  who  might  have  supplied  additional  and 
perhaps  more  accurate  information  concerning  men 
and  events  of  the  "auld  lang  syne"  have  failed  to 


6  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE. 

respond  to  repeated  requests  for  certain  informa- 
tion, necessitating  an  approach  through  channels 
sometimes  perhaps  not  so  reliable,  but  in  these  cases 
every  effort  has  been  made  to  arrive  at  the  truth. 
While  this  has  led  to  disappointment  in  certain  in- 
stances, we  are  happy  to  be  able  to  say  that  for  the 
most  part  those  who  have  been  consulted  in  refer- 
ence to  data  relating  to  matters  that  have  long  since 
passed  into  history,  have  been  more  than  generous 
in  extending  assistance.  To  undertake  to  mention 
by  name  all  those  who  have,  at  more  or  less  cost  to 
themselves,  supplied  facts  essential  to  the  develop- 
ment of  this  long  story  of  the  Hereford,  would  be  to 
burden  unnecessarily  pages  already  perhaps  too 
numerous. 

To  all  those  therefore  who  have  so  kindly  and  pa- 
tiently answered  the  thousand  and  one  questions 
which  have  had  to  be  put,  not  only  throughout  all 
America  but  in  England  as  well,  in  connection  with 
the  preparation  of  the  text,  the  author  returns  his 
most  heartfelt  thanks.  Without  their  valued  help 
this  book  would  have  been  a  mere  compilation  of 
matter  that  has  already  been  presented  in  various 
forms.  As  it  is,  the  volume  represents  considerable 
original  research  work,  and  will,  therefore,  it  is 
hoped,  constitute  a  contribution  to  the  literature  of 
the  breed  not  wholly  without  justification. 

The  writer  confesses  to  an  abiding  appreciation 
of  white-faced  cattle  as  a  prime  factor  in  the  beef 
production  of  our  continent,  and  has  undertaken 
this  volume  at  the  urgent  request  of  some  of  their 


DEDICATION.  t 

leading  advocates,  who  believe  that  additional  in- 
formation as  to  the  rise  and  progress  of  the  breed 
can  be  distributed  with  advantage  to  the  American 
cattle  trade  in  general  and  to  the  Hereford  interest 
in  particular.  Its  preparation  has  had  to  go  for- 
ward in  addition  to  other  work  of  a  more  or  less 
exacting  character.  It  is  of  course  imperfect.  Er- 
rors and  omissions  are  almost  certain  to  creep  into 
the  first  edition  of  a  work  necessarily  made  up  of 
a  maze  of  facts,  names,  dates  and  records  of  various 
kinds.  If  injustice  has  in  any  case  been  done  it  is 
not  with  any  such  intent.  The  writer  desires  above 
everything  else  to  be  always  fair  and  just  and  to 
set  things  down  in  their  right  relation.  Whatever 
may  be  its  merits  or  its  faults,  this  volume  is  dedi- 
cated to  the  Hereford  cattle  growers  of  the  United 
States  as  a  slight  expression  of  appreciation  of  con- 
tinuous courtesies  extended  by  them  during  a  long 
series  of  years. 

THE  AUTHOR. 
Chicago,  1914, 


AS  TO  ANIMAL  PORTRAITURE. 

Just  a  word  about  pictures.  As  is  commonly  understood, 
there  has  been  decided  progress  made  in  recent  years  in  the 
matter  of  animal  portraiture  and  photography.  In  the  prepara- 
tion of  illustrations  for  a  volume  of  this  description,  where  the 
story  extends  back  for  more  than  a  century,  one  of  the  regret- 
table features  is  the  lack  of  accurate  delineations  of  the  founda- 
tion animals  and  the  more  noted  show  and  breeding  cattle  fig- 
uring in  the  history  of  the  earlier  years  of  business.  From 
Mr.  W.  H.  Bustin  of  Herefordshire  we  have  obtained  portraits 
of  some  of  the  men  and  views  of  some  of  the  historic  homes  of 
the  old  breed-builders,  but  when  it  comes  to  illustrations  of  the 
epoch-making  sires  we  are  unable  in  most  instances  to  give  any 
adequate  presentation  as  to  their  real  individual  character.  We 
have  to  work  from  reproductions  of  old  prints  or  lithographs 
until  we  arrive  at  the  time  when  the  camera  began  to  do  more 
or  less  effective  work  in  animal  life. 

It  will  be  observed,  therefore,  that  the  portraits  of  many 
of  the  earlier  celebrities  of  the  breed  shown  in  this  volume,  are, 
as  a  rule,  unsatisfactory,  in  most  cases  probably  overdone,  with 
the  relative  proportions  of  the  body  to  the  size  of  the  limbs 
altogether  exaggerated.  We  have  probably  a  mere  approxima- 
tion as  to  the  character  of  the  originals.  The  color  markings 
are  shown  with  probable  accuracy.  Some  of  the  old  pictures 
of  certain  of  the  more  famous  cattle  seem  so  atrocious  that  the 
author  has  deemed  it  best  to  omit  them*  entirely  from  this 
volume.  It  is  only  when  we  turn  the  corner  of  the  twen- 
tieth century  that  animal  photography  begins  to  come  efficiently 
to  our  aid.  Readers,  therefore,  in  noting  the  illustrations  in 
this  volume  will  please  bear  in  mind  that  with  the  exception 
of  those  presented  near  the  close  of  the  story,  the  pictures  of 
cattle  herein  reproduced  are  simply  the  best  available;  not  at 
all  the  kind  that  the  author  would  have  desired. 


12 


INDEX  TO   ILLUSTRATIONS 


Cook,  A.   B.,    953. 

Cosgrove,    C.   N.f   575. 

Cotmore  (376) — Reputed  to  have 
weighed  over  3,500  Ibs.,  151. 

Cottrill's  (Sir  J.  G.)  country  seat, 
170. 

Court  House — John  Price  on 
right,  Harry  Yeld  on  left, 
103. 

Court  of  Noke,  home  of  Farr, 
193. 

Cow  and  calf  at  pasture  in  Eng- 
land, 425. 

Cows  and  calves  of  California 
Land  Company's  herd,  739. 

Cows  at  Hampton   Court,    197. 

Croome  Court  and  Earl  of  Cov- 
entry, 163. 

Cross,    C.    S.,    625. 

Cross,   Kate  Wilder,   864. 

Crossbred  animals,   992. 

Crusader  86596,  850. 

Cuba   and   crossbreds,    992. 

Cudahy  show  herd,  with  Fairfax 
16th  at  head,  1011. 

Culbertson,    Chas.    M.,    421. 

Curtice,  W.  H.,  and  his  favorite 
mount,  1048. 

Dale,   the    $10,000    champion,    850. 
Darling,    first    bull    bred    by    J.    L. 

Hewer,    67." 
Davis,  W.  J.,  953. 
DeCote    (3060),   121. 
De  Ricqles,  A.  E.,   803. 
Disturber  139989,  919. 
Dolly     Mount,     Lord     Coventry's, 

1017. 

Don   Carlos   33734,    816. 
Dot — Aberdeen-Angus      champion, 

405. 
Duckham,   Thos.,   247. 

Earl,   Adams,   443. 

Earl   of  Coventry,    163. 

Edwards,  W.  C.,  of  Wintercott, 
115. 

Edwards,   Mrs.,    114. 

Eggleton  Court,  home  of  Arthur 
E.  Hill,  253. 

Endale  and  Holmer,  prize  bulls 
at  Sheepcote,  189. 

English  breeders  examining  cat- 
tle at  Stocktonbury  sale,  204. 

Estill,   Wallace,   401. 


Fairfax    16th    316931,    929 

Farmer    426279,    961. 

Farmyard  at  Wall  End,  Monk- 
land,  185. 

Fisherman    (5913),    235. 

Fluck,    Bert,    879. 

Fluck,    Harry,    879. 

Fowler,   Moses,   459. 

Fowler'   (Mr.   VanNatta's),    463. 

Fowler  &  VanNatta's  show  herd, 
463. 

Fraser,   Wm.,    1028. 

Funk,    Lafayette,    373. 

Funkhouser,    Jas.,    625. 

Gabbert,    Benton,    925. 
Gainsborough    (28303),    1022. 
Galliers,    William,    43. 
Galliers,  Jr.,  William,  43. 
Garfield   (Earl  &  Stuart's),  495. 
Gathering    at    Chadnor    Court,    A 

notable,    227. 

Giantess,    bred    by    Tudge,    223. 
Gillett,    John   D.,    373. 
Giltner,    Robt,    Wm.    and    Frank, 

856. 

Good   Boy    (7668),    246. 
Good     catch,     A — Matador     range, 

729. 

Goode,   Samuel,    167. 
Goodnight,    Charles,    709. 
Golden   Treasure,    239. 
Gosling,    John,    569. 
Graves,    Clem,    998. 
Grateful    (4622),   215. 
Green,  J.  B.  and  G.  H.,  89. 
Grove   3d    (5051),    137. 
Group  of  cattle  at  A.   P.  Turner's, 

196. 
Gudgell,   Charles,   475. 

Haines,  J.  W.,  285. 

Hampton    Court,    35,    171. 

Happy  Hampton,    251. 

Harris,    Overton,    939. 

Harvey,    T.    W.,    401. 

Harvest   scene   and    apple   picking 

in  Herefordshire,   29. 
Hastings,   Frank   S.,    784. 
Hay  wood,    Henry,    167. 
"Hayfields"        House — Home        of 

John    Merry  man,    325. 
Hazlett,    Robert    H.,    959. 


INDEX   TO    ILLUSTRATIONS 


13 


Helena,   dam   of  Anxiety,    211. 
Heliotrope       (Cargill      &      McMil- 
lan's),   894. 

Hendry,  James  and  George,   1028. 
Henry,   Geo.   W.,    925. 
Henry's  champion  show  herd,  557. 
Hershey,    Benjamin,    499. 
Hesiod    2d    40679,    823. 
Hewer,   John,    62. 
Hewer,    John    L.,    63. 
Hobbling   an   outlaw,    729. 
Holmer,    a   prize    bull,    983. 
Home  of — 

Coats,  Peter,   188. 

Cochrane,    M.    H.,    503. 

Cottrill,  Sir  J.   G.(   170. 

Farr    (Court    of    Noke),    193. 

Galliers,  T.,    55. 

King,  Mrs.,   751. 

Merryman,    John,    325. 

Monkhouse,    J.,    111. 

Price,   John,    103. 

Prosser,   J.   P.,    188. 

Pulley,    C.    T.,    193. 

Roberts,   Thos.,    117. 

Stone,    F.    W.,    316-7,    319. 

Swan  in  Iowa,   705. 

Tomkins,    B.,   51. 

Tudge,   Wm.,    91. 

Underwood,   Joseph   Hall,    291. 

VanNatta,   Wm.    S.,    922. 

Yeomans   (Stretton  Court),  170. 
Hope    (439),  calved  in  1836,   69. 
Hope,   Col.   John,   401. 
Horace    (3877),   sire  of  Grove   3d, 

101. 

Horace  2d  (4655),  207. 
Hotspur       (7726)       and      Hotspur 

(7028),   243. 
Hoxie,    G.  'H.,    925. 
Hughes,    A.    E.,    219. 
Hughes,   W.   E.,   747. 
Hutcheon,    Wm.,    814. 
Huxley,   A.   C.,   925. 

Ikard,   W.    S.,    717. 
Imboden,    John,    1035. 
International   show  prize  winners, 

Some,   1037,  1042. 
Iron    Prince    (22250),    1022. 
Ivington  Rose,   201. 


Ivingtonbury — Once    the    home    of 
Thos.   Roberts,   117. 

Jastro,   H.   A.,    737. 
Jessamine     (Clark's),    823. 
Jessica — Descendant       of       Henry 

Clay     importation,     269. 
Judy,   J.   W.,   375. 

Keene,   Rees,   167. 

Kennedy,  Mifflin,   687. 

King,  Richard,   687. 

King's,  Mrs.,  residence  and  ranch, 

751. 

Kinzer,  R.  J.,  845. 
Kleberg,   Robert  J.,  749. 
Kohrs,      Conrad,     and      grandson, 

Conrad   Kohrs  Warren,    725. 
Kreismann,  Mrs.  F.  H.,  864. 

• 
Lady    Byron,    bred    by    J.    Hewer, 

67. 
Lady    Grove    and    calf    Foigh-A- 

Ballagh,    69. 

Lamplighter    51834,    816. 
Leigh,   George,   509. 
Leinthall,     home     of    Mr.     Tudge, 

91. 
Leonora — Bred  by  Mrs.   Edwards, 

223. 

Letham,  John,  879. 
Letterhead,     reproduction     of     an 

old,    333. 

Lewis,   John,    641. 
Lewis,   T.,    167. 
Lord  Wilton    (4740),   128,   207. 

McBain,    John,    761. 
McCray,    Warren    T.,    933. 
McDonald,   Wm.    C.,    761. 
MacKenzie,    Murdo,    777. 
Magnet     (823),     Edward     Price's, 

159. 

Maidstone    (8875),  239. 
Makin,    C.    H.,    625. 
March   On    76035,    imp.,    819. 
Mariner,     1911     Royal     champion, 

1073. 

Mason,   Geo.,  1028. 
Matador    ranch,    729,    773. 
May    Morn — A    Royal    winner    in 

1913,    1063. 

Meikle,  Andrew,  1059. 
Merryman,  John,  323. 
Miller,  T.  L.,  349. 


14 


INDEX   TO   ILLUSTRATIONS 


Mills,   C.   F.,   375. 

Minton,    T.    S.,    247. 
Moninger,    D.    M.,    401. 
Monkhouse,    J.,    the    blind    breeder 

and    "The    Stow,"    109,    111. 
Morris,   John,    219. 
Morrow,  Geo.  E.,  375. 
Mortimer,    Thos.,    830. 
Mother  and   son,    1063. 
Moxley,   H.    O.,    946. 

Nave,   Frank  A.,   659. 

Nelson,   O.   H.,   703. 

Nichols,    champion    steer   of    1879, 

381. 
Noon-time  at  a  water  hole,  799. 

Old  Hereford  worthies  at  sale  of 
Turner  of  The'Leen,  139. 

Old  town  hall  in  Hereford,  35. 

"On  the  trail  that  led  not  back- 
ward,'! 795. 

Onward  4th  and  his  trainer  Will 
Willis,  868. 

Outbuildings    at    "Hayfields,"    329. 

Pair  Of  steers  with  old-fashioned 

horns,  196. 

Paloduro  ranch  house,   715. 
Pendleton,    Phineas,    285. 
Perfection  and  Beau  Donald  86th, 

1054. 

Perfection  Fairfax,   1054. 
Perfection   Lass   342053,    950. 
Pierce,    Willard,    1059. 
Platt,   F.,    119. 
Ponting,    "Tom,"    563. 
Powell,    Jas.,    814. 

Price,    Edward,    of    Court    House, 
99. 

Price,  James,   789. 

Price,  J.  R.  and  Ned,   513. 

Price,  John,  at  Court  House,   103. 

Price,   John,   of  Ryall,   59. 

Price,  John,  and  his  trophies,  205. 

Price,     William's    cattle    in    yard 

before  sale,   205. 
Prime  Lad  108911  at  three  years, 

Prime  Lad   9th  213963,   908. 
Prize      cattle      at      International, 

1037,    1042. 
Friee-winning     range     Herefords, 


Protector  117878,  871. 
Pryor,   Ike  T.,   761. 

Queen  of  the  Lilies,   201. 

Ranch  boss  in  Arizona,   741. 

Ranch  of  the  "O  R"  brand,  741. 

Ranch   of  the   "S   O"   brand,    767. 

Ranch  scenes  in  Texas,  729. 

Ranch  scenes  in  Wyoming,  7G7, 
791. 

Range-bred  Herefords  at  Inter- 
national show,  1042. 

Range  in  the  west  and  round-up, 
A  typical,  805. 

Rankin,   Sir  James,   219. 

Rare    Sovereign    (10449),    246. 

Rarity  at   twenty   years,   425. 

Red    Rose     (John    Hewer's),    159. 

Repeater   289598,    1007. 

Repeater  7th  and  Miss  Repeater 
llth,  front  cover. 

Reproduction  of  an  old  litho- 
graphed letter  head,  333. 

Reynolds,  W.  D.,   703. 

Rhome,  B.  C.    717. 

Roan    Boy    (Culbertson's),    385. 

Rob  Roy,  cha'mpion  at  Royal 
shows  of  1908-9,  1031. 

Robinson,    S.,    119. 

Rogers,   Aaron,    119. 

Round-up  and  typical  western 
range  view,  805. 

Round-up   of  beef   steers,    799. 

(Round-up  of  cows  on  King  ranch, 

Rudolph,  Jr.,  owned  by  Wyoming 
Hereford  Cattle  Co.,  413. 

Sailor  King,  1913  Royal  cham- 
pion, 1073. 

Sand  hills  cattle,  803. 

Sanders,    Col.   Lewis,    2'59. 

Sanders,  J.   H.,    375. 

Scarlett,    E.    C.,    830. 

Scenes  on  "O  R"  ranch  in  Ari- 
zona, 741. 

Scenes  on  ranches  in  Wyoming, 
767,  791. 

Scottish  Lassie,  bred  by  Logan, 
950. 

Section  of  the  Matador  headquar- 
ters, 773. 

Shadeland  Farm  bulls,  495. 

Shand,  Geo.,   1028. 


INDEX   TO   ILLUSTRATIONS 


15 


Sherman,    John    B.,    373. 

Shobden  Court  and  Lord  Bate- 
man,  162. 

Shockey,   E.    S.,    998. 

Shorthorn  bullocks,  Types  of  831 
413. 

Shotover  and  bull  calf,   1017. 

Simpson,   T.   A.,   477. 

Sir   Benjamin    (1387),    182. 

Sir   Hungerford    (3447),    183. 

Sir  Oliver  2d    (1733),   183. 

Sir  Thomas    (2228),    182. 

Smith,   C.   B.,   998. 

Smith,   Tom,   830. 

Sotham,  Thos.  F.  B.,  631. 

Sotham,   Wm.   H.,   277. 

Sparks,    John,    651. 

Spraying  cattle  in  Herefordsshire, 
1014. 

Spring   Jack,    251. 
Spur  ranch  view,   715. 
Stannard,  C.  A.,   625. 
Steers    with    old-fashioned    horns, 
196. 

Steward,  John  J.,  814. 
Stocktonbury — Lord       Wilton       In 

center,    128. 

Stocktonbury   sale   ring,    129,    204. 
Stone,    Frederick  Wm.,    311. 
Stone's,     F.     W.,     residence     and 

barn,    316,   317,    319. 
Stretton  Court,  home  of  Yeomans 

170. 

Stuart,  Charles  B.,   447. 
Swan,  A.  H.,  703. 

Swan  farm  house  at  Indianola, 
la.,  The  old,  705. 

Taylor,  E.  H.,  Jr.,  953. 
Taylor,  E.  J.,   830. 
Thoughtful    (5083),    215. 
Thomas,   C.   R.,    845. 
Tod,   John,    717. 
Tod,   W.   J.,    779. 
Tomkins',  Ben,  farm,  51. 
Tomkins,    Ben,    and    family    coat- 

of-arms,  49. 
Tow,  Cyrus  A.,  953. 
Trail,    Herd   on,    795. 


Tredegar   (5077),  175. 

Trio  of  good  heifers  at  "Weston- 

bury,"    189. 

Trophies  from  the  shows,   227. 
Tudges,  Sr.  and  Jr.,   93. 
Turner,  Philip,  and  Turner,  A.  P., 

135. 
Turner's,    A.    P.,    group   of    cattle, 

196. 

Two   ends   and   a  middle,    1037. 
Types  of  Herefordshire  peasantry, 

31. 

Types    of    "Young    Mary"     Short- 
horn bullocks,   381. 
Typical  western  cattle  range  and 

partial    view    of    "round-up," 

805. 

Underwood,  J.  H.,  Geo.  and  Gil- 
bert, 289. 

VanNatta,  Frank,  891. 
VanNatta,   J.   H.   and  J.   W.,    946. 
VanNatta,    William    S.,    461. 
VanNatta's  home  at  Fowler,  Ind., 
922. 

Wabash,  Earl  &  Stuart's  bullock, 
391 

Walford    (871),    155. 

Wallup   ranch  in  Wyo.,   791. 

Walsh,  Richard,   717. 

Washington    (8152),   231. 

Water  hole,  Cattle  at  a,  799. 

Waters,  Geo.,   814. 

Watts,  H.  B.,  998. 

Wellington  Court,    45. 

"White  faces"  on  a  northern 
'range,  809. 

Winter  De  Cote    (4253),   175. 

Wistaston,  home  of  T.  Tomkins 
Galliers,  55. 

Wonderful,  stock  -bull  used  by  Don 
Pereyra,  983. 

Woods  Principal,  champion  bul- 
lock International  Exposition 
1901,  1001. 

Wyoming  ranch  scenes,  791. 

Yeld,  Edward,  219. 
Yeld,    Harry,    103. 
Yeld,  T.  C.t  75. 


TABLE   OF  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  I — HEREFORDSHIRE  PASTURES  AND  PIONEERS. 
The  Vale  of  the  Severn — The  County  of  Hereford — Hereford- 
shire    farming — The     pastures — Persistency      rewarded — 
Long  famous  for  good  cattle — Whence  the  white  face? — 
Some  of  the  pathfinders — Disinterested  praise 23-46 

CHAPTER  II — EARLY  ENGLISH  IMPROVERy. 
Benjamin  Tomkins — John  Price — The  Hewers — The  Jeffries — 
Knight  of  Downton  Castle — In  the  Hall  of  Fame — Pedigree 
registration  established — Color  quarrel  compromised — Ey- 
ton's  editorial  troubles — Sold  for  a  song — Mr.  Duckham's 
valuable  service — Practical  farmers  in  control 47-80 

CHAPTER   III — SOME    ENGLISH    BREED-BUILDERS   AND   THE^R 

WORK. 

The  strange  story  of  Sir  David — The  Reas  of  Monaughty  and 
Westonbury — The  Sir  Benjamin  era — Tudge  of  .Adforton 
— Benjamin  Rogers — Sir  Thomas  described — The  Prices  of 
Court  House — Mr.  John  Hill's  comment  on  Horace — Monk- 
house  of  The  Stow — Lord  Berwick — Taylor  of  Showle 
Court — Wintercott — Roberts  of  Ivingtonbury — Carwardine 
— Anxiety  (5188) — Lord  Wilton  (4740) — The  Turners  of 
The  Leen — The  Grove  3d — Felhampton  Court — J.  H.  Ark- 
wright — The  Leinthall  herd  81-145 

CHAPTER  IV — BRITISH  SHOWS  AND  THEIR  INFLUENCE. 
At  Oxford  and  Cambridge — Bristol,  Derby  and  Southampton- 
Shrewsbury  and  Newcastle — Northampton,  York  and  Nor- 
wich — Exeter,  Windsor  and  Walford — Lewes,  Gloucester 
and  Lincoln — Carlisle,  Chelmsford  and  Salisbury — Chester. 
Warwick  and  Canterbury — Leeds,  and  the  Battersea  Inter- 
national— Worcester  and  Sir  Thomas — Newcastle,  Ply- 
mouth and  the  rinderpest 147-179 

CHAPTE.R  V — MORE  ROYAL  DECISIONS  REVIEWED. 
Leicester  a  turning  point  as  to  scale — Quality  again  triumphs 
at  Manchester — Rogers  and  his  tall  herdsman — Stanway, 
Silver  Star  and  the  Australians — Wolverhampton  and  Car- 
diff—Hull and  Bedford— The  dam  of  old  Anxiety— The 
Taunton  Show  of  1875 — Lord  Wilton  as  a  yearling — Big 
good  classes  at  Birmingham — Anxiety  appears  at  Liver- 
pool— The  Bristol  winners — The  Kilburn  International 
afloat — Lord  Wilton  and  a  blundering  bailiff — Anxiety 

17 


18  TABLE   OF   CONTENTS 

heads  the  two-year-olds — Leonora,  the  invincible — Buy- 
ing prize-winners  for  the  States — Historic  youngsters  at 
Derby — Wilton  blood  to  the  fore — Garfield  and  Henrietta 
— Light  show  at  York — The  great  Shrewsbury  Show  of 
1884 — Archibald — "A  clever  cross" — Maidstone  and  Anx- 
iety Arthur — Prizes  at  Preston — Good  Boy  and  Rare  Sov- 
ereign— Golden  Treasure  —  Newcastle-on-Tyne  —  Notting- 
ham decisions — The  Windsor  Jubilee — Fifty  years  of  prog- 
ress    180-255 

CHAPTER  VI— FIRST  AMERICAN  IMPORTATIONS. 
First  improved  blood  in  Kentucky — Henry  Clay's  importation 
of  1817 — A  Hereford  owned  by  Lewis  Sanders — Intro- 
duced into  Massachusetts — Alleged  importation  into  Maine 
in  1830 — The  New  York  importation  of  1840 — Erastus 
Corning  interested — The  herd  sold  to  Sotham — An  inva- 
sion of  Kentucky — A  militant  pioneer — The  Maine  impor- 
tation of  1846 — Other  old-time  eastern  breeders — The 
Chamberlain  importation — Dowley  importation  of  1852 — 
The  Ohio  importation  of  1852 — Early  exhibits  by  Mr. 
Aston — Importation  of  1860 — Frederick  William  Stone — 
A  Warwickshire  man — First  Hereford  purchases — Guelph 
and  Sir  Charles — The  Green  blood  introduced — Wide  dis- 
tribution of  the  Stone  stock — A  man  of  broad  sympathies 
— A  strong  personality — Hon.  John  Merryman — Early  pur- 
chases from  William  H.  Sotham — Bulls  from  Stone  of 
Canada — Importation  of  Sir  Richard  2d — Giantess  and 
progeny — Illinois  in  service — Prince  of  the  Wye  im- 
ported— Final  dispersion — A  man  of  mark 256-337 

CHAPTER  VII— A  FOOTING  GAINED  IN  THE  MIDDLE  WEST. 
Gov.  Crape's  experiments — Humphries  and  Aldrich  active — 
The  Illinois  and  St.  Louis  shows  of  1871 — The  Burleighs 
bring  Herefords  into  Iowa — T.  L.  Miller,  the  great  pro- 
moter— Sir  Charles — Repulsed  by  the  Shorthorns  in  1872 — 
Thomas  Clark's  first  steps — Clark's  first  show'  cattle — 
Removes  to  Illinois  in  1887 — Looking  towards  the  range — 
Success  and  Dolly  Varden — Honors  at  big  shows — George 
Morgan,  "Jim"  Powell  and  "Willie"  Watson — American 
herd  book  established — Old-time  controversies 338-367 

CHAPTE.R  VIII— FIRST  FAT   STOCK  SHOWS  AND  THEIR 
INFLUENCE. 

Breaking  away  from  old  standards — John  D.  Gillett,  pioneer 
exhibitor — Some  wonderful  weights — First  fat  stock  show 
Herefords — "Baby  beef" — The  second  round — Sherman's 
tallow  mountains — Shorthorns  win  again — The  block  test 
set  up — The  show  of  1880 — Culbertson  enters  the  lists — 
Another  "row"  over  the  championship — War  to  the  knife 
— Falling  walls — "Last  of  the  Mohicans" — Various  types 
in  evidence — Imported  Hereford  steers — First  Angus  show 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS  19 

steer — "Doddies"  and  "Kilts" — "Stars"  of  a  memorable 
week — The  goal  attained — Clarence  Kirklevington's  year 
— Regulus  and  Grace — Rudolph  Jr.,  Nigger,  Sandy  and 
Plush — The  pendulum  swings  back — First  Angus  champion 
— A  melting  pot  368-416 

CHAPTER  IX— HEAVY  BUYING  IN  ENGLAND  BEGINS. 
C.  M.  Culbertson — Hereford  Park — Anxiety  imported — Anx- 
ieties 3d  and  4th — Prettyface — Blood  concentration- 
Anxiety's  untimely  death — Four  yearling  heifers  sold  for 
$4,000 — Anxieties  4th  and  5th — Description  of  Anxiety — 
Culbertson's  importations  of  the  early  "eighties" — Miller 
importations  of  1880 — English  testimonial  to  T.  L.  Miller 
— Clark's  Anxiety  3d  imported — Description  of  Anxiety 
3d — The  Anxiety-Peerless  nick — Adams  Earl  and  Charles 
B.  Stuart — Importation  of  1880 — An  historic  conference — 
After  the  Lord  Wiltons — Clark  goes  to  England  as  agent 
— Sensational  shipment  of  1882 — Sir  Bartle  Frere  and 
Romeo — Prince  Edward  and  Royal  16th — Venus  and  Hen- 
rietta at  $2,500 — Clark  gets  Peerless — John  Lewis,  herd 
manager  417-457 

CHAPTER  X— OTHER  MAKERS  OF  WESTERN  CATTLE  HISTORY. 

Mr.  VanNatta's  early  experiences — First  of  the  Fowler  Here- 
fords — Tregrehan  bought — Fowler — Burleigh  &  Bodwell — 
Gudgell  &  Simpson — "A  bull  with  an  end" — Anxiety  4th 
and  North  Pole — Simpson's  discernment — Beau  Monde  and 
Beau  Real — Best  Anxiety  bulls  go  to  the  range — In- 
breeding— Don  Carlos — An  outcross  that  failed — Sons  of 
Don  Carlos — Dandy  Rex  and  Mischievous — Another  out- 
-  cross  failed — Parallel  cases  of  close  breeding 458-491 

CHAPTER  XI— PERIOD  OF  BIG  IMPORTS  CONCLUDED. 
Rudolph  bought  for  $3,500 — The  Grove  3d  imported — A  rare 
feeder's  type — Advantages  in  old-established  herds — Ben- 
jamin Hershey — Hon.  M.  H.  Cochrane — Will  Hutcheon  and 
Cassio — The  Leigh  and  Curry  importations — The  Grove  3d 
quartette  —  Carwardine  cows  —  Archibald  —  Horace  5th  — 
Royal  Grove — J.  R.  Price  &  Son — The  Iowa  Hereford 
Cattle  Company — Cook  of  Odebolt — The  full  list  of  im- 
porters of  this  period — Cattle  imported  to  Canada — The 
herd  book  bought  from  Mr.  Miller — More  stringent  rules 
adopted  492-522 

CHAPTER  XII— THE  SHOCK  OF  SHOWYARD  WAR. 
The  great  fight  of  1882 — "Rudolph's  year" — The  scare  of  1884 
— The  shows  of  1885 — The  business  overdone — One  hun- 
dred dollar  tax  on  imported  cattle — The  famous  invasion 
of  Kentucky — Royal  Grove  excites  admiration — Beau  Real 
unfairly  beaten — Sir  Bartle  Frere  wins  over  Washington 
— Beau  Real  defeats  Fowler.  .  523-555 


20  TABLE   OF   CONTENTS 

CHAPTER  XIII— SOME  ROUSING  DEMONSTRATIONS. 
The  Ohio  show  of  1888 — Earl  of  Shadeland  22d — The  big  show 
moves  west — Western  shows  of  1888 — Lady  Wilton  vs. 
Princess  Alice — New  alignment  in  1889 — Earl  of  Shade- 
land  30th — Gosling  upsets  Stocking's  work — Clark's  "clean- 
up" at  Peoria — Cherry  Boy  champion — The  eastern  circuit 
of  1890 — The  shows  of  1891 — John  S.  Carlyle — Eastern 
circuit  of  1891 — Death  of  C.  M.  Culbertson — Hereford  con- 
stitutions in  evidence — Death  of  Anxiety  3d — The  eastern 
circuit  of  1892 — Funkhouser  enters  the  lists — World's 
Columbian  Exposition — Ancient  Briton — Sitting  Bull — 
Lamplighter — Anxiety-Peerless  again — Miss  Beau  Real  3d 
— Annabel — Lady  Daylight — Bright  Duchess  15th — The 
championships — Dark  days — A  desperate  depression 556-620 

CHAPTER  XIV— DEFENDERS  OF  THE  FAITH. 
At  the  fairs  of  '94 — Some  notable  transactions — Charles  S. 
Cross  begins  showing — Lars  and  Free  Lance — Trade 
slowly  revives  in  1896 — Ancient  Briton  goes  to  Texas — 
The  shows  of  1897 — A  memorable  Minnesota  contest — A 
typical  breed  battle — "The  gory  hill  of  Hamline" — First 
appearance  of  Dale — John  Lewis  and  his  troubles  at 
Springfield — Beau  Real's  Maid,  Juno  and  Dewdrop — Death 
of  Adams  Earl 621-645 

CHAPTER  XV — CLEARING  SKIES. 

The  Cross  importation — $3,000  for  Salisbury — Good  buying  by 
George  H.  Adams — Over  $400  average  for  144  cattle — 
Other  sales"  in  the  spring  of  '98 — Beau  Donald  shown — 
Dale  vs.  Sir  Bredwell — Two  inbred  toppers :  Everest  and 
Benison — The  Omaha  Exposition — Sir  Bredwell  beats  Free 
Lance — Dale  wins  again — Thickset  and  Hesiod  29th — 
George  Adams'  Orpheus — Hesiods  again — The  great  cows 
and  heifers  of  1898 — Dewdrop — Dolly  5th — Diana — Car- 
nation— Group  and  championship  prizes — K.  B.  Armour 
active — Death  of  George  W.  Henry — Another  Gudgell- 
Funkhouser  sale — Death  of  Charles  B.  Stuart — Spring 
sales  of  1899 — The  curtain  falls  on  stirring  scenes — Incep- 
tion of  the  American  Royal 646-678 

CHAPTER  XVI — THE  LONG  TRAIL. 

-The  Spanish  Longhorn — Capt.  Richard  King — Santa  Gertrudis 
— Packing  houses  in  embryo — Capt.  Kennedy — First  efforts 
at  improvement — Breeding  up  the  native  stock — The  Mor- 
mon cattle — Pacific  Coast  cattle — Shorthorn  crosses  in  evi- 
dence— The  great  migration  679-692 

CHAPTER  XVII— FIRST  HEREFORDS  ON  THE  RANGE. 
Making   good — First   Hereford    sale    in    the   west — The    Hawes 
and  Campbell  herds — Hereford  endurance  demonstrated — 
On  the  northern  range — The  Swan  Land  and  Cattle  Co. — 


TABLE   OF    CONTENTS  21 

— The  Wyoming  Hereford  Co. — First  Herefords  in  the 
Panhandle — Adair  &  Goodnight — O.  H.  Nelson  brings  in 
Herefords — The  Price  importation — Mrs.  Adair  acquires 
the  property — Richard  Walsh,  Manager — Big  demand 
from  Texas — The  Prairie  Cattle  Co. — Conrad  Kohrs — 
Herefords  good  travelers — Joseph  Scott — B.  C.  Rhome — 
Reynolds  Cattle  Co. — The  Hereford  in  California — An 
importation  from  Australia — Mr.  Jastro's  experience — The 
Chowchilla  herd  693-742 

CHAPTER  XVIII— THE  RED  ROBE  OF  COURAGE. 
Hereford  hardiness  hereditary — Swan's  failure — Al.  Bowie's 
testimony — Robert  Kleberg — Capt.  John  Tod — The  Capitol 
Syndicate  XIT  Ranch — Description  of  the  property — Char- 
acter of  the  XIT  cattle — Purebred  bulls  purchased— - 
Herefords  predominate — Views  of  H.  S.  Boice 743-764 

CHAPTER  XIX— PROOF  PILED  ON  PROOF. 
The  Carey  Co. — The  LS  cattle — The  Matador  Land  and  Cattle 
Co. — Manager  Mackenzie  discards  grade  bulls — A  purebred 
herd  establishment — Tod  of  Maple  Hill — The  Swensons — 
Calves  for  the  cornbelt — Richards  &  Comstock — Big  Horn 
Land  and  Cattle  Co. — The  Sparks  herd — Continental 
Land  and  Cattle  Co. — The  Marcus  Daly  outfit — The  Bell 
(Ranch — Governor  McDonald's  evidence — George  W.  Baker 
— The  H.  G.  Adams  XI  Ranch — John  Z.  Mean — Ike  Pryor 
prefers  Herefords — George  H.  Webster  Jr. — James  A. 
Lockhart — The  C.  B.  Company — "Look  for  bone,  all  you 
can  get" — Wallis  Huidekoper — Making  good  in  Old  Mexico 
— Scale  retained  through  selection — In-breeding  from  poor 
material  fatal — The  open  range  gone 765-811 

CHAPTER  XX — THE  CREST  OF  ANOTHER  WAVE. 
Dale  and  Armour  Rose — Other  notable  winners — Excess  fat 
vs.  real  bloom — More  money  for  shows — The  International 
projected — Dawn  of  the  twentieth  century — A  Hereford- 
Shorthorn  alliance — Spring  sales — Death  of  T.  L.  Miller 
Dale  sold  for  $7,500 — Kansas  City's  dual  show  of  1900 — 
Fall  sales  of  1900 — The  first  International — The  big  trade 
of  1901 — Tom  Ponting  closes  out — Death  of  K.  B.  Armour 
— Important  contests  of  1901 — Perfection  brings  $9,000 — 
Sotham's  "criterion"  sale — Changes  in  Hereford  headquar- 
ters— March  On  6th  and  Queenly — Beau  Donalds  to  the 
front — Clem  Graves'  $1,000  average — Broadening  the  Kan- 
sas City  show — A  new  International  champion — A  Beau 
Brummel-Fowler  nick — The  Giltners  buy  Britisher 812-85f 

CHAPTER  XXI— HISTORY  REPEATS. 

Lower  values  at  auction — Fall  sales  of  1903 — Death  of  George 
Morgan — Prime  Lad  and  Beau  Donald  5th — Three  great 
groups — Death  of  Benjamin  Wilton — Death  of  Dale — The 


22  TABLE   OF   CONTENTS 

sale  season  of  1904 — The  St.  Louis  World's  Fair  of  1904 — 
Aged  bulls — The  two-year-olds — Senior  yearlings — Junior 
yearlings — Senior  bull  calves — Junior  bull  calves — Aged 
cows — The  two-year-olds — Senior  yearlings — Junior  year- 
lings— Senior  heifer  calves — Junior  heifer  calves — Get  of 
sire  (four) — Produce  of  cow  (two) — Championships — 
Group  prizes — A  VanNatta  triumph — Death  of  Gov.  Simp- 
son— Dull  days — "Individual  merit  by  inheritance" — 
Autumn  sales  of  1906 — Cargill  &  McMillan's  great  suc- 
cess— Passing  of  Funkhouser,  Steward  and  Scarlett — The 
Hoxie  and  other  sales  of  1907 — Perfection  Fairfax  arrives 
— The  bargain  counter  of  1908 — A  famous  heifer  class — 
An  omen  of  better  days 858-905 

CHAPTER  XXII— PROSPERITY  REGAINED. 
An  ifpward  trend  in  1909 — Prime  Lads  at  a  premium — More 
ground  regained  in  1910 — Another  Richmond  in  the  field — 
Improvement  continues — Death  of  William  S.  VanNatta — 
The  judgments  of  1911 — Auction  sales  of  1912 — Fairfax 
16th  and  Scottish  Lassie — Higher  levels  reached — 
McCray's  big  average — Other  mid-west  sales — A  big  deal 
on  the  range — Fall  sales  of  1913 — Fairfax  16th  and  Beau 
Perfection  9th  at  $7,500 — A  champion  from  the  south — 
Opening  sales  of  1914 — McCray's  $604  average — Steady 
bidding  continues — Beau  Perfection  24th  brings  $12,000 — 
The  show  herds  of  1914 906-962 

CHAPTER  XXIII— IN  FOREIGN  FIELDS.  - 
Exports  to  South  America — Five  hundred  Herefords  to  Brazil 
— Uruguay — Argentina — Foundations  of  Argentine  im- 
provement— Shorthorn  vs.  Hereford — Argentine  breeders 
testify — Cabana  San  Juan — Las  Hormigas — San  Gregorio 
— Duggan  Bros. — At  Esperanza — La  Estrella — Australasia 
— The  Cape  Colonies  963-996 

CHAPTER  XXIV— PRACTICAL  HERD  MANAGEMENT. 
Hints  from  "Tom"  Clark — John  Letham's  experience — Scale, 
flesh  and  fat — How  the  Harris  herd  is  handled — McCray's 
methods — Mr.  Hazlett's  views — Tow's  practical  work — • 
Bluegrass  management — Fitting  for  show — An  old-time 
herdsman  speaks — Ed.  Taylor's  views — "Jim"  Hendry 
heard  997-1032 

CHAPTER  XXV— THE    "ROUND  UP." 

Range-bred  calves  in  the  feedlot — The  Polled  Herefords — Re- 
cent importations — Distribution  of  the  Herefords — Some 
interesting  tabulations — About  Beau  Donald — A  story  of 
Perfection  Fairfax — His  trainer  testifies — The  dam  of 
Dale — Harking  back  to  the  range — Westward  Ho  ! — A 
word  about  herdsmen — An  involuntary  tribute — As  to 
fashions — Modern  English  Herefords — Conclusion 1033-1079 

"THE  COMING  OF  THE  CATTLE"..  ..1080-1087 


CHAPTER  I. 

HEREFORDSHIRE  PASTURES  AND 
PIONEERS. 

A  long  story  this  of  the  Hereford  cattle,  begin- 
ning with  ten-year-old  oxen  in  the  West  of  England 
and  ending  with  "baby  beef "  in  the  American  corn- 
belt.  Two  centuries  of  progress  on  the  other  side 
the  Atlantic  and  one  hundred  years  in  North 
America!  Let  us  waste  no  words  therefore  as  we 
approach  our  subject. 

The  Vale  of  the  Severn.— High  up  in  the  Welsh 
hills,  that  ancient  chain  of  fossiliferous  rocks  called 
by  geologists  the  Cambrian  Mountains,  the  peak 
Plynlymmon  rises  some  2,500  feet  above  the  surf 
that  rolls  in  below  from  the  broad  blue  plain  of  the 
beautiful  Bay  of  Cardigan.  From  these  Cymrian 
heights  one  may  see  on  the  eastern  horizon,  gate- 
ways that  lead  down  into  a  pastoral  paradise.  On 
Plynlymmon 's  northern  slope  a  little  stream  sets  out 
upon  a  roundabout  journey  to  the  sea.  The  new- 
born Severn — for  the  little  rivulet  of  which  we  speak 
is  none  other  than  the  fountain-head  of  that  historic 
English  river — lured  perhaps  by  the  prospect  of 
dreamy  days  meandering  through  rich  green  valleys 
and  flowery  fields,  proposes  for  itself  an  eastward 
course,  instead  of  taking  the  short  westward  cut 

23 


24  ~:  VA  HISTOKT'OP 'H^RFFORD  CATTLE 

from  yts;maunfeiii  fcottie  to  mother  ocean.  Descend- 
ing first  through  the  rocky  defiles  of  the  highlands  of 
Montgomery,  gathering  force  and  volume  as  it  races 
away  toward  English  soil,  it  debouches  at  last  upon 
the  plain  of  Shrewsbury.  Loitering  awhile  in  that 
land  of  the  golden  fleece,  it  sweeps  past  the  Wen- 
locks  into  the  south,  down  through  Worcester- 
shire into  Gloucester,  receives  the  waters  of  the 
Avon  out  of  Warwick,  and  then,  as  if  in  sudden  re- 
membrance of  its  birthplace  in  the  west,  and  weary 
of  its  wanderings,  turns  back  to  lose  itself  at  last  in 
the  broad  estuary  that  holds  the  mighty  tides  press- 
ing up  the  Bristol  Channel  from  the  North  Atlantic. 

The  County  of  Hereford.— Within  this  wide- 
sweeping  embrace  of  the  Severn  lies  Herefordshire 
— ancestral  home  of  the  breed  of  which  we  write. 
It  is  not  an  extensive  area.  The  whole  countryside 
lying  between  .the  encircling  river  and  the  Welsh 
boundary  might  easily  be  stowed  away  within  al- 
most any  one  of  our  great  western  states,  but  it  is 
fortunate  in  the  character  and  intelligence  of  those 
who  live  upon  its  soil,  and  is  celebrated  throughout 
all  Britain  for  its  grass  and  cattle. 

Another  important  stream  flows  down  from 
Wales  and  wends  its  way  independently  into  Bristol 
water.  While  the  Severn  almost  girdles  the  Here- 
ford habitat  the  winding  Wye  bisects  it.  On  its 
banks  is  the  picturesque  old  city  of  Hereford.  Along 
its  sinuous  course  and  that  of  its  tributary,  the  little 
river  Arrow,  one  traverses  the  very  heart  of  Here- 
fordshire. Here,  and  along  the  Lug,  the  Hereford 


26  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

fathers  did  their  work;  here  their  sons  and  grand- 
sons carry  it  on  today. 

The  visitor  in  Herefordshire  is  constantly  re- 
minded that  a  rough  rugged  country  is  contiguous. 
One  recognizes  the  presence  of  the  old  red  sandstone 
formation.  At  intervals  you  glimpse  the  blue  tops  of 
the  Cambrians  in  the  west.  Here  and  there  Here- 
fords  graze  on  precipitous  slopes ;  but  the  landscape 
rolls  gently  for  the  most  part,  and  the  valleys  hold 
wide  areas  of  flat  fertile  fields.  The  soil  is  prin- 
cipally a  heavy  red  loam,  changing  to  clay  or  gravel. 

It  is  a  land  fair  to  look  upon — a  land  of  good 
roads,  comfortable  homes,  well  managed  farms  and 
a  hospitable  people  intensely  loyal  to  the  breed  of 
cattle  that  has  carried  the  name  of  Hereford  around 
the  world.  As  in  other  parts  of  Britain,  the  farms 
are  mainly  .operated  under  lease.  The  permanent 
pastures  are  usually  rented  by  auction,  commanding 
at  times  as  high  as  $15  to  $30  per  acre  per  year  from 
cattle  growers. 

A  mixed  husbandry  in  which  live  stock  has  had  a 
leading  part  has  been  practiced  in  Herefordshire 
as  far  back  as  there  is  record.  Small  grains,  roots, 
apple  orchards,  meadow  lands  and  pasturage  are 
always  in  evidence,  but  the  red  cattle  with  the  white 
faces  are  everywhere  a  prominent  feature.  In  recent 
years  fruit  farming  has  been  increasing  and  a  much 
larger  acreage  is  now  devoted  to  that  industry,  but 
the  raising  of  live  stock  is  still  the  most  important 
feature  in  the  farming  of  the  county. 


HEREFORDSHIRE   PASTURES  AND   PIONEERS  27 

In  Herefordshire  one  sees  very  few  cattle  of  any 
other  breed,  and  they  are  also  the  prevailing  type 
in  Shropshire,  Worcestershire  and  in  several  coun- 
ties of  central  and  south  Wales.  There  are  also 
good  herds  in  Ireland,  the  Hereford  cross  being 
highly  esteemed  in  the  Irish  markets. 

The  area  of  Hereford  breeding  in  England  has 
probably  not  extended  during  the  last  twenty-five 
years.  In  fact  it  may  have  contracted.  There  used 
to  be  a  colony  of  Hereford  breeders  in  Cornwall, 
but  now  there  are  scarcely  any  there,  the  demand 
for  fresh  milk  and  dairy  products  having  tended  to 
replace  the  Herefords  with  dairy  cattle  in  that  part 
of  the  country.  These  remarks  apply  to  Hereford 
cattle-breeding  generally  and  not  especially  to  the 
pedigree  business,  as  from  the  number  of  cattle  re- 
corded in  the  recent  volumes  of  the  herd  book  the 
latter  appears  to  be  steadily  increasing. 

Herefordshire  Farming. — This  district  is  chiefly 
pastoral,  but  on  the  best  breeding  farms  a  mixed 
system  of  husbandry  is  practiced,  A  large  quantity 
of  straw  is  chopped  up  and  used  for  stock  feeding, 
mixed  with  pulped  swedes  or  mangolds.  Many  cat- 
tle are  wintered  upon  this  diet  with  a  small  allow- 
ance of  hay.  The  system  enables  the  breeders  td 
keep  about  the  same  number  of  cattle  in  fair  condi- 
tion during  the  winter  months  as  they  can  maintain 
in  the  summer.  Practically,  they  get  six  months  in 
door  feeding  and  six  months  out  at  grass,  the  graz- 
ing period  varying  slightly  with  the  seasons. 


28  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Ordinary  farm  practices  have  not  greatly  changed 
within  the  life-time  of  the  last  two  generations  in 
Herefordshire.  But  every  operation  is  carried  out 
with  as  great  saving  of  manual  labor  as  possible, 
and  machinery  is  largely  used.  Cereals  are  grown 
more  for  the  supply  of  straw  than  with  a  view  to 
making  the  growth  of  grain  a  profitable  undertak- 
ing, which  it  has  long  ceased  to  be.  The  way  in 
which  cattle  are  now  fattened  for  the  butcher,  how- 
ever, differs  materially  from  the  old  days.  Early 
maturity  and  the  demand  for  small  joints,  with 
a  small  proportion  of  fat  to  lean,  have  reduced  the 
age  to  which  it  is  profitable  to  keep  the  steers.  In 
England,  as  in  our  own  country,  early  maturity  and 
constant  progress  from  birth  are  found  to  produce 
the  most  desirable  class  of  beef.  Nearly  all  the 
Herefordshire  steers  now  meet  their  destiny  at  from 
eighteen  to  thirty  months  old.  There  are  a  great 
many  steers  reared  and  sold  at  twelve  to  eighteen 
months  old  to  graziers  in  other  counties  for  the  pur- 
pose of  fattening  and  on  most  breeding  farms  there 
is  no  beef  made  excepting  from  the  draft  cows  and 
undesirable  heifers,  it  being  found  more  profitable 
to  breed  a  larger  number  of  cattle  and  sell  the  steers 
to  other  people  to  be  fattened. 

Probably  most  of  the  home-grown  wheat,  barley 
and  oats  (especially  the  latter)  are  consumed  on  the 
farms.  In  addition  large  quantities  of  linseed  and 
cottonseed,  crushed  and  pressed  into  cakes,  are  used, 
and  also  compound  feeding  cakes  composed  of  a 


30  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

mixture  of  foreign  grains  and  oilseed,  as  well  as 
large  quantities  of  maize  that  are  imported. 

The  Pastures. — In  view  of  the  good  results  ob- 
tained by  the  Herefordshire  farmers  from  their 
grazing  lands  it  may  be  of  interest,  while  upon  the 
subject  of  the  farming  of  the  district,  to  present  a 
few  details  as  to  their  method  of  management. 

The  principal  grasses  now  used  in  forming  a  per- 
manent pasture  are  perennial  rye  grass,  the  vari- 
ous kinds  of  fescue,  cocksfoot,  meadow  foxtail, 
sweet  vernal,  timothy,  and  smooth-stalked  meadow 
grass,  together  with  clovers:  perennial  red,  peren- 
nial white  or  Dutch  trefoil  and  alsike.*  But  the 
experienced  farmer  will  tell  you  that  of  as  much  im- 
portance as  the  seed  is  the  matter  of  having  the 
land  thoroughly  free  from  weeds,  and  that  liberal 
dressings  of  manure  in  the  early  life  of  the  young 
pasture  are  absolutely  necessary  to  success. 

These  permanent  pastures  are  sometimes  seeded 
down  with  a  nurse  crop  and  sometimes  without. 
The  practice  most  generally  followed  is  to  drill  in 
the  barley  or  oats,  and  after  rolling  to  obtain  a  firm 
seedbed,  the  seed  is  distributed  and  lightly  harrowed 
in,  the  blades  of  barley  and  oats  forming  a  shelter 

*A  typical  mixture  for  permanent  pasture,  say  40  Ibs.  per 
acre,  would  be  something  like  this:  Cocksfoot,  from  5  to  6  Ibs.; 
crested  dogstail,  %  to  iy2  Ibs.;  florin,  %  to  %  lb.;  hard  fescue, 
1  to  2  Ibs.;  meadow  foxtail,  2  to  3V2  Ibs.;  meadow  fescue,  4  to  5 
Ibs.;  perennial  ryegrass,  6  to  7  Ibs.;  red  fescue,  1  to  2  Ibs.;  rough- 
stalked  fescue,  1%  to  2  Ibs.;  sheep's  fescue,  1  to  2  Ibs.;  smooth- 
stalked  meadowgrass,  1  to  3  Ibs.;  sweet  vernal  grass,  ^4  to  %  lb. ; 
tall  fescue,  1  to  2  Ibs.;  timothy,  3  to  5  Ibs.;  wood  meadowgrass, 
1  lb. ;  yarrow  or  milfoil,  %  lb.;  yellow  oatgrass,  %  lb. ;  alsike,  1 
to  1^  Ibs.;  perennial  red  clover,  1%  to  2%  Ibs.;  perennial  white 
Clover,  1  to  2  Ibs.;  trefoil,  %  to  1  lb. 


32  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

for  the  young  grass  seeds,  first  from  frost  and  then 
from  the  burning  rays  of  the  sun. 

It  is  also  common  practice  in  Herefordshire  to 
lay  the  land  down  to  the  coarser-growing  kinds 
of  grass  and  clover  seeds  for  mowing  the  first  year, 
grazing  two  or  perhaps  three  or  four  years  follow- 
ing, and  then  plowing  again  for  the  ordinary  rota- 
tion of  cropping.  This  is  considered  a  good  plan, 
as  the  land  gets  a  rest  during  the  time  it  is  laid 
down,  and  the  amount  of  feed  obtained  by  this 
method  is  in  excess  of  that  produced  by  permanent, 
pastures.  Speaking  of  the  quality  of  the  Here- 
fordshire grass  the  veteran  English  breeder  Mr. 
John  Hill  says  in  "The  Breeder's  Gazette "  for 
May  15,  1907:* 

"I  am  not  aware  that  the  grass  in  Herefordshire 
is  better  or  richer  than  in  many  other  of  our  Eng- 
lish counties  or  in  Wales  or  Ireland,  but  I  do  know 
that  some  parts  of  the  country  where  some  of  our 
best  herds  of  Herefords  are  located  and  which  have 
been  celebrated  throughout  the  history  of  the  breed, 
are  especially  adapted  for  bringing  out  its  very  best 
characteristics;  and  that  if  cattle  are  taken  from 
these  favored  spots  on  to  weak  poor  land,  and  are 
expected  to  thrive  equally  well,  there  will  follow  dis- 
appointment, and  some  deterioration  in  size  and 
bloom.  In  such  cases  with  judicious  assistance  in 
the  shape  of  artificial  food  the  cattle  will  carry  flesh 
and  thrive,  yet  there  is  generally  a  loss  of  size  and 
general  richness  of  character  which  can  only  be  ob- 
tained where  the  pasture  and  surroundings  are  alto- 
gether favorable." 

Persistency  Rewarded. — What  the  tenant  farmers 


HEREFORDSHIRE   PASTURES  AND   PIONEERS  33 

of  this  district  have  accomplished  for  themselves 
through  their  steadfast  devotion  to  the  development 
and  maintenance  of  their  favorite  breed  affords  a 
lesson  that  may  be  scanned  with  profit  by  stock- 
growers  of  every  clime,  to-wit:  determination  by 
experimentation  as  to  the  type  of  farm  animal  that 
thrives  best  under  a  given  environment,  followed 
by  specialization  in  the  direction  thus  indicated. 

Great  Britain  abounds  in  apt  illustrations  of  what 
individual  localities  can  accomplish  by  adhering  per- 
sistently and  intelligently  to  a  type  possessing  spe- 
cial adaptation  to  particular  soils  or  climate.  A 
flood  of  American  gold  and  a  perennial  tribute  from 
Smithfield  market  have  indeed  compensated  these 
West  of  England  farmers  and  graziers  in  generous 
measure  for  all  the  years  of  labor  spent  in  the  devel- 
opment of  their  white-faced  herds. 

Long  Famous  for  Good  Cattle. — The  history  of 
the  modern  Hereford,  like  that  of  the  improved 
Shorthorn,  does  not  run  back  much  beyond  a  cen- 
tury. As  in  the  case  of  the  sister  breed,  all  that 
lies  beyond  the  year  1800  rests  largely  on  inci- 
dental references  by  various  pioneer  writers  on 
British  agriculture,  and  upon  local  traditions.* 

As  early  as  1627  the  author  of  a  description  of 
the  British  Islands,  one  John  Speed,  said  in  speak- 

*Some  years  ago  a  valuable  volume  on  "Hereford  Cattle," 
which  has  recently  been  revised,  was  written  in  England  jointly 
by  Messrs.  James  Macdonald  and  James  Sinclair,  the  latter  the 
accomplished  editor  of  the  London  "Live  Stock  Journal."  It  con- 
tains an  interesting  account  of  the  probable  origin  and  evolution 
of  the  breed,  and  the  author  herewith  acknowledges  his  indebted- 
ness to  this  work  for  the  main  facts  as  to  the  early  English 
history  outlined  in  the  opening  chapters  of  this  book. 


34  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ing  of  Herefordshire:  "The  soyle  is  so  fertile  for 
corne  and  cattle  that  no  place  in  England  yieldeth 
more  or  better  conditioned. "  This  quaintly  ex- 
pressed testimony  as  to  the  herds  of  Herefordshire 
being  "well  conditioned"  is  significant  because  it 
indicates  that  the  present-day  penchant  of  the  breed 
to  maintain  flesh  well  on  pasture  was  characteristic 
of  the  cattle  of  the  valleys  of  the  Severn  and  the 
Wye  long  before  the  type  as  we  now  know  it  was 
established. 

Whence  the  White  Face? — It  is  impossible  to  state 
definitely  when  or  how  the  white  face  as  a  distinct 
characteristic  first  made  its  appearance.  The  orig- 
inal local  "breed"  was  probably  red,  resembling  in 
this  respect  contemporaneous  types  existing  in  the 
neighboring  county  of  Devon  and  also  in  Sussex — • 
which  districts,  by  the  way,  retain  to  this  day  their 
solid  reds,  carrying  wide-spread  horns.  That  these 
and  the  aboriginal  Herefords  were  co-related  seems 
fairly  certain,  but  at  an  early  period  the  Hereford- 
shire cattle  apparently  assumed  a  larger  size.  There 
were  stiff  soils  to  be  worked  and  oxen  supplied  the 
motive  power  for  the  plow  as  well  as  for  the  harvest 
handling.  Cattle  were  valuable  primarily  as  draft 
animals.  Size  and  strength  were,  therefore,  essen- 
tial elements  of  value,  the  beef  of  that  age  being 
derived  mainly  from  the  sale  of  superannuated  oxen 
and  cows  approaching  the  end  of  their  period  of 
usefulness.  In  fact  it  was  deemed  extravagant  to 
slaughter  an  ox  in  his  prime — say  at  six  years  old — 
when  he  could  just  as  well  be  kept  in  the  yoke  until 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustln 
OLD   TOWN   HALL  IN   HEREFORD. 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustin 
HAMPTON  COURT— From  an  old  print 


36  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

more  than  ten!  And  so  it  is  probable  that  those 
who  were  thus  unwittingly  laying  wide  and  deep  the 
foundations  for  the  vigor  of  the  modern  Hereford, 
selected  the  largest,  widest-chested,  most  athletic 
types  of  bulls  for  breeding  purposes,  steadily  in- 
creasing the  size  of  their  cattle  as  compared  with 
the  sturdy  little  "rubies"  of  North  Devon.* 

A  white  breed  of  cattle  with  red  ears,  that  was 
evidently  accounted  superior  to  the  old  black  moun- 
tain sort,  had  long  existed  in  Wales,  and  it  is  prob- 
able that  this  proximity  accounts  for  the  original 
introduction  of  white  markings  among  the  Here- 
fordshire reds.  The  blending  of  the  blood  of  those 
two  self-colored  races  would  surely  produce  broken 
colors,  and  during  the  formative  period  of  the  mod- 
ern Hereford  type,  brockle-faced  cattle  liberally 
splashed  with  white  were  in  frequent  evidence.  In- 
deed a  bitter  controversy  raged  at  one  time  between 
the  advocates  of  the  "brockle  faces"  and  the 
"white  faces"  as  to  which  was  the  superior 
"breed." 

A  direct  introduction  of  the  "bald-face"  seems 
to  have  been  made  about  1671  through  the  medium 
of  an  importation  of  Flemish  cattle  by  Lord  Scuda- 
more.  The  herds  of  the  Low  Countries  did  not  al- 
ways run  so  strongly  towards  the  black  and  white 
color  now  so  commonly  associated  with  Dutch  cattle. 


*The  Devon  breed,  doubtless  refined  far  beyond  its  ancestral 
type,  still  holds  its  popularity  in  its  native  land,  and  although 
small  as  compared  with  most  of  our  other  improved  beef  breeds, 
is  yet  highly  prized  by  butchers  as  well  as  by  those  who  still 
use  oxen  at  the  yoke. 


HEREFORDSHIRE   PASTURES   AND   PIONEERS  37 

References  to  the  paintings  of  old  masters  reveal 
the  fact  that  red  and  white  spotted  animals  were 
numerous.  In  fact,  various  colors  were  met  with  in 
Netherland  herds.  Hence  the  statement  made  by 
several  writers  that  these  Scudamore  cattle  were 
"red  with  white  face"  is  not  improbable.  As  they 
were  apparently  well  received  in  Herefordshire  they 
doubtless  left  their  impress  upon  the  native  reds, 
stamping  here  and  there  a  white  face  on  their 
progeny. 

This  Flemish  importation  into  Herefordshire  is 
of  special  interest  when  viewed  in  the  light  of  cer- 
tain other  facts.  Similar  blood  entered  into  the' 
foundation  of  the  early  Shorthorns.  Cattle  from 
the  same  source  and  doubtless  of  a  similar  type 
were  introduced  into  Yorkshire  and  Durham  not 
long  prior  to  the  birth  of  the  improved  Shorthorn 
by  Sir  William  St.  Quentin  and  Michael  Dobinson 
and  doubtless  accentuated  the  tendency  to  broken 
colors  that  became  a  permanent  characteristic  of 
the  Shorthorn  breed.  It  is  known  that  white  faces 
were  not  altogether  rare  among  the  early  Teeswater 
cattle.  Jacob  Smith's  Bull  (608)  of  Coates'  Short- 
horn Herd  Book,  sire  of  the  dam  of  the  far-famed 
"beautiful  Lady  Maynard"  was  described  by  Bates 
as  "yellow  red,  white  face,  white  back  and  white 
legs  to  knee." 

There  is  a  tradition  in  the  Galliers  family  of  a 
"red  bull  from  Yorkshire  with  a  white  face  and 
rather  wide  horns"  having  been  brought  intp  Here- 
fordshire about  1750,  that  "his  produce  became 


38  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

fashionable "  and  that  "he  laid  the  foundation  of 
the  present  famous  breed. "  While  this  latter  claim 
is  not  allowed,  in  the  light  of  all  the  evidence  there 
is  no  reason  for  questioning  the  fact  of  this  Tees- 
water  bull's  importation  and  none  whatever  for 
doubting  the  statement  as  to  his  color.  That  his 
get  may  have  been  appreciated  and  used  for  breed- 
ing purposes  is  altogether  probable.  It  would  ap- 
pear, therefore,  that  at  least  one  little  link  of  kinship 
existed  between  the  ancestors  of  the  first  Short- 
horns and  the  forbears  of  the  modern  Hereford. 

Still  another  candidate  for  the  honor  of  "origi- 
nating" the  white  face  appears.  The  birth  of  a 
male  calf  with  a  white  face  in  the  herd  of  one  of  the 
Tullys  of  Huntington  about  the  middle  of  the 
eighteenth  century  was  considered  by  the  cowman 
so  remarkable,  or  else  that  peculiar  marking  was 
considered  so  desirable,  that  it  was  at  once  decided 
that  the  calf  should  be  retained  on  that  account  for 
breeding  purposes,  and  one  writer,  Rowlandson, 
says  that  his  progeny  afterwards  "became  cele- 
brated for  white  faces."  Although  the  Tully  cattle 
became  important  factors  in  the  subsequent  evolu- 
tion of  the  breed,  it  will  scarcely  do  to  credit  this 
one  calf,  as  some  have  seemed  disposed  to  do,  with 
being  the  real  source  of  the  now  universal  Here- 
ford badge.  He  doubtless  helped  to  fix  it,  but  there 
was  already  a  marked  trend  towards  white  mark- 
ings, including  the  white  face,  resulting  from  the 
use  of  the  Welsh,  Flemish  and  possibly  Teeswater 
bloods. 


HEREFORDSHIRE   PASTURES   AND   PIONEERS  39 

It  comes,  therefore,  simply  to  this:  that  as  a  re- 
sult of  this  crossing  of  lighter  colored  animals  upon 
solid  reds,  white  markings  were  inevitably  intro- 
duced. Obviously  some  white  as  well  as  brockle 
faces  were  certain  to  appear  from  time  to  time. 
This  peculiar  color  combination  either  then  caught 
the  fancy  of  the  countryside  or  else  the  first  animals 
so  marked  happened  also  to  possess  superior  form, 
size  or  quality,  and  hence  were  given  preference 
in  subsequent  breeding  operations,  the  new  color 
being  finally  established  by  resort  to  in-and-in  breed- 
ing. Be  that,  as  it  may,  this  "hall  mark"  of  the 
Hereford  came  at  length  to  be  a  recognized,  accom- 
plished fact,  and  is  today,  in  western  America  at 
least,  an  almost  infallible  index  of  the  presence  of 
Hereford  blood,  just  as  the  roan  color  reveals  un- 
erringly the  trail  of  the  Shorthorn. 

It  was  not  until  comparatively  recent  times,  how- 
ever, that  the  present  markings  were  specifically  de- 
fined and  generally  accepted.  Many  of  the  earlier 
registered  Herefords  carried  the  white  the  entire 
length  of  the  back — called  " hail-backs "  or  "line 
backs."  Some  were  mottled  or  "ticked"  faced,  and 
still  others  were  called  "greys."  Even  as  late  as 
when  Mr.  Eyton  was  seeking  to  establish  the  Eng- 
lish Hereford  Herd  Book  in  1846  a  feud  existed 
between  the  followers  of  the  white-faced  and  the 
brockle-faced  types,  the  advocates  of  the  latter  re- 
fusing at  first  to  record  in  the  same  book  with  the 
pale  faces.  Happily,  however,  harmony  was  finally 
restored,  and  after  the  lapse  of  many  years  the  ad- 


40  A   HISTORY   OP    HEREFORD    CATTLE 

herents  of  the  white-faced  sort  gained  complete  as- 
cendency. 

Calves  are  still  dropped  at  intervals  that  are  so 
badly  splashed  with  white  that  they  are  not  retained 
for  breeding  purposes,  but  such  instances  are  rare. 
Again  the  white  crest  is  not  invariably  present.  Its 
absence,  however,  is  not  a  sign  of  impure  breeding, 
as  some  of  our  ranchmen  have  imagined.  Eed  hair 
around  the  eyes  is  also  sometimes  seen.*  This  is 
objected  to  by  some,  but  for  no  valid  reason.  It  is 
a  mere  matter  of  taste. 

Very  dark  red  verging  on  black  is  to  be  avoided. 
It  is  too  often  accompanied  by  harsh  wiry  hair 
which  indicates  lack  of  quality.  Pale  yellow  is  not 
to  be  sought.  Some  regard  it  as  a  sign  of  delicacy. 
Both  extremes  are  objectionable.  Between  these 
two  will  be  found  the  golden  mean.  Cattle  with  a 
tendency  toward  a  tinge  of  orange  in  the  skin  are 
almost  invariably  mellow  handlers  and  good  feed- 
ers, and  these  remarks  apply  to  Shorthorns  as  well 
as  to  the  Herefords.  In  any  case  an  abundance  of 
hair  is  desirable.  In  winter  the  Hereford  should 
grow  a  heavy  coat,  with  hair  so  long  as  usually  to 
show  a  marked  tendency  to  curl.  In  England  where 
the  summers  are  not  so  hot  and  dry  as  in  the  States 
cattle  retain  better  coats  throughout  the  year,  so 
that  old-country  exhibitors  have  not  the  difficulty  in 

*"Brown-eyed"  calves  were  always  great  favorites  with  cer- 
tain leading-  American  feeders,  among  others  the  late  John  Stew- 
ard, one  of  the  most  intelligent  men  ever  identified  with  American 
Hereford  breeding,  and  a  successful  showman. 


HEREFORDSHIRE   PASTURES   AND   PIONEERS  41 

fitting  for  show,  in  that  particular,  experienced  by 
American  herdsmen. 

Some  of  the  Pathfinders. — The  names  of  Eichard 
Tomkins  and  Benjamin  Tomkins  (the  elder)  of 
King's  Pyon,  Galliers  of  Wigmore  Grange,  the 
Tullys,  Skyrmes  and  Haywoods  are  the  ones  most 
frequently  mentioned  as  leading  pioneers  in  the  de- 
velopment of  the  material  out  of  which  the  breed 
was  finally  evolved.  There  is  ample  proof  that  these 
and  numerous  other  substantial  farmers  of  Here- 
fordshire and  the  adjacent  counties  of  Gloucester, 
Worcestershire,  Salop  and  Monmouth  had  long 
maintained  herds  generally  recognized  as  possess- 
ing superior  merit  for  the  yoke  as  well  as  for  graz- 
ing purposes.  Eeferences  to  dairy  quality  are  not 
infrequent,  in  fact,  they  all  expected  that  a  cow 
should  be  able  to  rear  her  own  calf,  at  least. 

Ben  Tomkins,  the  elder,  was  born  at  the  New 
House,  King's  Pyon,  Herefordshire,  in  1714;  began 
business  at  Court  House,  Canon  Pyon,  about  1738; 
took  Wellington  Court  in  1758,  where  he  died  in 
1789,  leaving  six  children.  The  second  son — named 
after  the  father — was  destined  to  become  one  of  the 
most  celebrated  constructive  breeders  known  in  the 
annals  of  British  agriculture.  The  father  was  the 
intimate  friend  and  contemporary  of  William  Gal- 
liers of  Wigmore  Grange  and  the  two  are  said  to 
have  often  exchanged  breeding  stock  and  to  have 
made  excursions  to  distant  parts  together  in  quest 
of  fresh  material  from  outside  sources. 

William  Galliers  was  born  in  1713  and  died  in 


42  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

1779.  He  is  supposed  to  have  introduced  and  used 
the  white-faced  Yorkshire  bull  already  alluded  to. 
His  herd  is  said  to  have  rivaled  that  of  his  colleague 
Tomkins,  so  that  Wigmore  Grange  is  generally 
called  one  of  the  earlier  seats  of  Hereford  power. 
His  sons,  John  and  William,  carried  on  the  busi- 
ness, and  the  first  auction  sale  of  Hereford  breeding 
stock  of  which  there  is  record,  was  made  by  the  for- 
mer, Oct.  15, 1795,  at  a  time  when  values  had  not  yet 
risen.  Prices  averaged  around  £13,  the  top,  £32/5s, 
being  paid  by  Mr.  Turner  of  Aymestry — the  grand- 
father of  Mr.  Arthur  P.  Turner,  late  occupant 
of  The  Leen — for  a  two-year-old  heifer.  William 
Galliers  took  numerous  prizes  with  fat  Herefords 
at  local  shows. 

There  is  little  but  tradition  bearing  upon  the  orig- 
inal herds  of  the  Tullys  of  Huntington.  A  bull  of 
this  blood  seems  to  have  founded  the  herd  of  Mr. 
Tudge,  the  celebrated  Adforton  bull  Lord  Wilton 
tracing  back  to  him.  The  first  prize  ox  at  the  first 
Smithfield  was  of  Tully  blood.  The  white-faced  bull 
calf  already  mentioned  as  one  of  the  originators  of 
the  white  face  probably  appeared  about  1750. 

Certain  it  is  that  the  Tully  cattle  were  of  good 
scale,  for  many  oxen  of  Huntington  breeding  fed 
for  the  early  fat  stock  shows  made  enormous  weights 
and  sold  for  fancy  prices.  Moreover,  it  is  said  that 
they  carried  more  white  than  any  strain  of  like 
prominence  in  the  country.  The  elder  Tully  is  said 
to  have  had  three  sons,  Samuel  at  Huntington,  Jo- 
seph at  Haywood  and  another  at  Clyro.  At  auction 


1      M 


\WilliamGalliers  efe| 


44  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

in  1814  Samuel  sold  16  breeding  cows  for  an  average 
of  £51/6s.,  the  best  one  bringing  £100.  So  many  of 
the  modern  Herefords  trace  back  to  Tully  founda- 
tions that  it  is  safe  to  rank  that  stock  as  one  of  the 
important  links  connecting  the  known  history  of 
the  breed  with  the  misty  past. 

There  is  little  of  record  concerning  the  once 
famous  herd  of  Mr.  Skyrme  of  Stretton.  It  is  said 
to  have  been  somewhat  paler  in  the  shade  of  red 
shown  than  any  of  its  contemporaries,  and  as  it 
supplied  the  foundation  for  many  tribes  afterwards 
utilized  in  forming  the  breed  as  known  to  us,  it  is 
probable  that  the  "yellow  red"  still  occasionally 
seen,  comes  in  part  at  least  from  that  source.  The 
Tomkins  cattle  were  of  the  darker  red  and  the 
Tullys  more  or  less  of  a  mingled  red  with  white, 
giving  rise  later  on  to  the  Downton  Castle  "greys/' 

The  Haywoods  of  Clifton  and  the  Teme,  "Wor- 
cestershire, had  been  noted  for  generations  for  the 
excellence  of  their  cattle,  and  in  1800  Samuel  of 
that  name  bred  a  bull  called  Prize  Fighter  that  was 
pitted  against  one  shown  by  a  Mr.  Nailes  of  Leices- 
tershire (breed  not  stated)  on  a  wager  of  100 
guineas  and  the  Hereford  won.  Paintings  in  the 
possession  of  the  Haywoods  show  this  noted  bull 
and  also  prize  bullocks  sired  by  him.  One  of  the 
latter  (mottle-faced)  won  first  at  Smithfield  in  1816 
and  was  called  "faultless."  It  was  from  the  Hay- 
woods  that  the  Jeffries,  afterwards  celebrated 
breeders,  obtained  their  original  stock. 
Disinterested  Praise. — Toward  the  close  of  the 


46  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

eighteenth  century  the  red  or  brown  cattle  with  the 
white  markings  of  this  district  had  evidently  at- 
tained a  high  degree  of  excellence.  Writing  in  1788, 
William  Marshall,  a  Yorkshireman  who  would  not 
be  apt  to  prove  a  prejudiced  witness,  said:  "The 
Herefordshire  breed  of  cattle,  taking  it  all  in  all, 
may  without  risque,  I  believe,  be  deemed  the  first 
breed  of  cattle  in  this  island."  He  spoke  of  their 
frame  as  being  "altogether  athletic,"  of  their  supe- 
riority as  "beasts  of  draught,"  of  the  females  "fat- 
ting kindly  at  an  early  age,"  and  of  the  fact  that  at 
the  Hereford  fair  of  Oct.  20,  1788,  he  "saw  about 
1,000  head  of  cattle,  chiefly  of  the  Herefordshire 
breed,"  that  were  "out  of  Smithfield  by  much  the 
finest  show  I  have  anywhere  seen."  When  it  is  re- 
membered that  this  was  contemporaneous  with  the 
formative"  period  of  the  Shorthorn  it  helps  to  estab- 
lish the  fact  that  the  progenitors  of  the  modern 
Hereford  were  at  least  the  equals  of  the  foundation 
stock  of  their  famous  rivals  of  the  north. 


CHAPTER  II. 
EARLY  ENGLISH  IMPROVERS. 

The  first  Smithfield  Fat  Stock  Show  was  held  at 
London  in  1799,  and  as  was  the  case  with  the  first 
American  Fat  Stock  Show  established  eighty  years 
later,  proved  a  Hereford  opportunity.  In  fact,  the 
Smithfield  competitions  gave  a  great  impetus  to  the 
movement  that  emancipated  the  breed  from  being 
mere  beasts  of  burden  into  the  broad  realm  of  beef- 
making  as  a  business. 

A  bullock  fed  and  shown  by  Mr.  Westcar  won  first 
prize  and  was  sold  for  £100.  He  was  described  as 
"8  feet  11  inches  long,  6  feet  7  inches  high,  and  10 
feet  4  inches  girth. ' '  Another  ox  ' '  seven  feet  high ' ' 
and  with  "a  girth  of  12  feet  4  inches "  was  also 
shown.  Entries  were  made  by  John  Ellman  and  the 
Duke  of  Bedford,  the  latter  winning  the  prize  for 
"best  ox  fattened  with  grass  and  hay  only,  in  the 
shortest  time  from  yoke. "  From  that  day  to  this  the 
Hereford  classes- at  the  annual  shows  of  Christmas 
beef  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic  have  been  the  most 
effective  advertising  the  breed  has  had. 

About  this  same  date  the  Herefordshire  Agricul- 
tural Society  was  formed,  the  original  show  of 
breeding  stock  being  held  in  June,  1799,  and  one  of 
the  chief  prizes  falling  to  one  of  the  Tullys  of  Hunt- 
ington.  This  organization  did  as  much  to  stimulate 

47 


48  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

local  interest  in  good  breeding  as  the  Smitlifield  did 
in  drawing  outside  attention  to  the  feeding  quality 
of  the  steers.  Moreover,  the  utility  of  the  breed  as 
a  beef-making  proposition — as  distinguished  from 
its  value  in  the  yoke — was  now  rapidly  becoming 
recognized,  one  of  the  stated  objects  of  the  local 
society  being  i  i  to  carry  the  breed  of  cattle  and  sheep 
as  to  fleece  and  carcass  to  the  greatest  point  of  per- 
fection." 

The  men  who  were  developing  the  race  at  this 
point  may  or  may  not  have  been  generally  guided 
in  their  work  of  improvement  by  the  Bakewell  ex- 
periments with  the  Longhorn  cattle  and  Leicester 
sheep,  out  of  which  the  theory  of  close  breeding  as 
a  means  of  fixing  a  type  had  grown.  But  in  view  of 
the  sensation  that  had  been  created  by  the  Dishley 
discoveries  throughout  the  entire  kingdom,  it  is 
more  than  likely  that  the  first  great  improvers  of 
the  Hereford  made  their  earliest  advance  through 
the  adoption  of  methods  similar  to  those  followed 
by  the  Collings,  Mr.  Bates  and  other  successful 
manipulators  of  the  Shorthorn  type.  At  any  rate, 
credit  has  always  been  given  to  Benjamin  Tomkins, 
the  younger,  as  one  of  the  founders  of  the  modern 
Hereford,  and  his  system  was  clearly  one  of  blood 
concentration. 

Benjamin  Tomkins. — Among  those  generally  set 
down  as  the  fathers  of  the  nineteenth  century  Here- 
fords,  seniority  is  usually  accorded  to  Benjamin 
Tomkins.  For  at  least  two  generations  there  had 
been  a  valuable  "breed"  maintained  by  the  family. 


Copyright  photo  by  Buatln 
BEN.  TOMKINS  AND  FAMILY  COAT  OP  ARMS. 


50  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Old  Richard  Tomkins  was  famous  for  his  work  oxen, 
and  thought  so  much  of  his  cattle  that  they  were 
specifically  mentioned  in  a  division  of  his  property 
made  in  1720.  One  cow  called  Silver,  in  particular, 
and  her  calf,  were  allotted  specially  to  his  son  Ben- 
jamin— commonly  referred  to  as  "the  elder"  in  con- 
tradistinction to  his  own  son  of  the  same  name,  "the 
younger,"  the  subject  of  this  reference.  This  in- 
cident of  the  Silver  cow  is  significant  because  the 
grandson  is  said  to  have  laid  the  foundation  of  his 
celebrated  herd  nearly  50  years  later,  mainly  by 
the  use  of  a  sire  called  the  Silver  Bull  (41).  It  is 
not  a  violent  presumption,  therefore,  to  assume  that 
this  name  indicated  a  strain  of  outstanding  merit 
running  through  the  original  Tomkins  stock,  which 
was  carefully  preserved  and  passed  on  from  father 
to  son  as  a  precious  possession. 

Benjamin,  the  elder,  born  in  1714,  farmed  at 
Court  House  and  Wellington  Court,  at  which  latter 
place  Benjamin  junior  was  born  in  1745.  The  father 
died  in  1789.  We  have  but  meager  details  as  to  his 
operations  with  cattle,  but  it  is  supposed  that  he  pre- 
served the  old  blood  and  that  Benjamin  the  younger 
first  established  his  eminence  as  a  cattle  breeder  by 
the  use  of  the  Silver  Bull  mentioned  above. 

The  purchase  of  two  cows  at  Kington  Fair  about 
1766  is  mentioned  by  English  authorities  as  among 
the  earliest  investments  of  Benjamin  the  younger. 
It  must  of  course  be  understood  that  this  was  long 
before  the  days  of  recorded  pedigrees  and  herd 
books.  All  that  is  known  is  that,  according  to  Mr. 


52  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Eyton,  the  originator  of  the  English  Hereford  Herd 
Book,  one  of  these  market  cows  was  a  grey  called 
Pigeon  and  the  other  a  dark  red  with  a  spotted  face 
called  Mottle,  and  that  they  attracted  the  notice  of 
young  Tomkins — who  had  begun  farming  at  Black- 
hall,  King's  Pyon — on  account  of  their  evident  dis- 
position to  take  on  flesh.  It  is  assumed  that  other 
selections  were  made  from  time  to  time  from  the 
best  contemporary  sources  as  opportunity  offered, 
that  in  making  his  purchases  the  propensity  to 
take  on  flesh  was  always  kept  in  mind  and  that  color 
was  quite  a  secondary  consideration. 

Upon  a  mixed  foundation  therefore,  in  so  far  as 
blood  elements  were  concerned,  the  Silver  Bull,  "a 
red  with  a  white  face  and  a  little  white  on  his 
back,"  was  used  with  such  success  as  to  attract 
much  attention,  and  presently  the  herd  came  to  be 
noted  for  three  leading  "families"—  the  Pigeons, 
the  Mottles  and  the  Silvers.  The  latter  were  the 
color  of  the  bull  of  that  name,  the  Pigeons  were 
grey  and  the  Mottles  were  speckle-faced.  No  at- 
tempt was  made  to  fix  a  uniform  color.  Form  and 
flesh  were  the  objects  sought,  and  by  resort  to  a  pol- 
icy of  breeding  in-and-in  the  desired  qualities  were 
ultimately  well  established. 

Tomkins  occupied  the  Blackball  farm  until  1798 
when  he  removed  to  his  birthplace,  Wellington 
Court,  which  he  had  held  under  lease  since  his  fa- 
ther's death  in  1789.  He  resided  there  until  1812, 
at  which  date  he  moved  into  his  own  place,  Brook 
House,  King's  Pyon,  where  he  died  in  1815. 


54  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLH 

By  the  year  1800  the  Tomkins  herd  had  acquired 
more  than  local  fame,  and  shortly  after  that  date 
John  Price  of  Worcestershire,  who  afterwards  be- 
came so  famous  as  a  breeder  and  partisan  of  the 
Tomkins  stock,  made  his  first  purchases.  Not  many 
of  the  bulls  used  could  be  placed  on  record  when 
.the  work  of  gathering  data  for  the  first  volume -of 
the  herd  book  was  in  progress.  The  necessary  par- 
ticulars could  not  be  obtained.  The  Silver  Bull  has 
already  been  referred  to.  Another  of  the  known 
successes  on  the  herd  was  Wellington,  dark  red  with 
a  mottled  face  and  bosom,  calved  1808  and  said  to 
have  been  the  best  stock-getter  ever  used  in  the 
herd.  He  was  bought  and  used  afterwards  by  John 
Price,  and  sold  at  his  sale  in  1816  when  eight  years 
old  for  £  283/lOs.  Another  of  the  few  bulls  of  which 
there  is  record  was  Sam  (144),  whose  son  Ben  (96) 
was  also  retained  for  service.  There  is  also  record 
of  Wild  Bull  (145),  said  to  have  been  by  Silver  Bull ; 
Phoenix  (55),  another  brockle-f ace ;  Proctor's  Bull 
(316),  out  of  "a  favorite  cow"  Old  Pink;  Voltaire 
(39),  a  white-face;  and  Wizard  (59),  a  mottle-faced 
son  of  Ben  (96),  sold  for  300  guineas.  These  com- 
prise about  all  that  is  now  known  of  the  Tomkins 
bulls. 

Mr.  Tomkins  was  a  man  of  mark,  a  "county  mag- 
nate," descended  from  one  of  the  oldest  and  most  re- 
spected "county  families."  In  rural  England  this 
has  a  deep  significance  especially  in  the  social 
scheme.  He  easily  became  a  loader  in  affairs  agri- 
cultural, not  because  of  the  fact  jist  stated,  but  by 


56  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

reason  of  his  sound  judgment  in  the  work  of  improv- 
ing the  local  breed  of  cattle. 

In  1808  he  held  a  sale  of  20  cows  and  heifers,  12 
oxen  and  20  yearling  and  two-year-old  steers, 
the  cows  averaging  £40,  the  oxen  £23,  the  year-} 
lings  £15  and  the  twos  £20.  These  cattle  were 
referred  to  at  the  time  as  "allowed  by  competent 
judges  to  be  equal  if  not  superior  to  most  in  the 
kingdom. ' ' 

After  Mr.  Tomkins'  death  in  October,  1815,  the 
herd  was  inherited  by  his  daughters,  his  two  sons 
Having  died  young.  After  disposing  of  a  number 
of  cattle  privately  a  sale  was  held  in  October,  1819, 
that  reveals  clearly  the  estimation  in  which  the 
blood  was  held.  A  summary  of  the  result  is  ap- 
pended. 

The  52 -head  sold  made  £4,673/14s.,  or  an  average 
of  £89/17s./6d.  each,  but  a  number  were  steers.  The 
breeding  animals,  numbering  28,  averaged  no  less 
than  £149,  the  total  for  them  being  £4,172/6s.  The 
detailed  figures  are  as  follows : 

Total.  Average. 

£  s.  d.            £  s.  d. 

15   cows    2,249  2      0  149  18  9 

3  two-year-old   heifers    283  10     0            94  10  0 

2  yearling    heifers 156  90            78  4  fi 

4  bulls      1,071  0      0  267  15  0 

2  bull  calves   362  5     0  181  2  6 

2   heifer    calves    56  0     0            28  0  0 


28    head    4,178        6     0  Av.  149        0     0 

This  average  compares  favorably  with  those 
made  about  the  same  period  at  the  Shorthorn 
sales  of  Charles  and  Robert  Colling,  the  Ketton  av- 
erage (1810)  including  the  1,000-guinea  bull  Comet, 


EARLY  ENGLISH   IMPROVERS  57 

being  £151/8s.  on  47  head,  and  that  at  Barmpton 
(1818)  £127/17s.  on  61  head. 

The  Misses  Tomkins  with  the  assistance  of  a  bail- 
iff or  herdsman  carried  on  the  herd  for  many  years 
with  entire  success.  They  took  a  lively  personal  in- 
terest in  everything  affecting  the  type  and  character 
of  the  cattle  they  had  inherited.*  However,  this  in- 
stance of  important  breeding  operations  directed  by 
women  is  by  no  means  exceptional  in  British  agri- 
cultural history.  The  practical  work  performed  by 
Lady  Pigot,  for  example,  in  connection  with  Short- 
horns and  other  farm  animals  was  scarcely  excelled 
by  any  of  her  contemporaries.  The  Misses  Tomkins 
held  many  draft  sales ;  their  herd  was  always  a  popu- 
lar source  of  supply,  and  was  not  finally  dispersed 
until  1854,  forty  years  after  their  father 's  death. 

John  Price. — Chief  among  the  followers  of  Tom- 
kins  was  John  Price,  a  Worcestershire  farmer  who 
became  enamored  of  the  type  about  1804.  Born  in 
1776,  he  was  from  all  accounts  a  man  of  rare  mental 
gifts.  Early  in  life  he  is  said  to  have  become  a 
prime  favorite  with  the  Earl  of  Coventry,  and  en- 
joyed the  friendship  and  society  of  "gentlemen  of 
high  respectability."  Succeeding  his  father  as  ten- 
ant of  Earl's  Croome,  he  soon  turned  his  attention 
to  good  cattle  and  bought  his  foundation  cows  from 
the  Tomkins  herd.  About  1811  he  gave  up  Earl's 
Croome  and  purchased  a  small  property  known  as 

*  Apropos  of  the  color  question:  for  many  years  the  Misses 
Tomkins  directed  that  in  the  case  of  all  bull  calves  born  in  the 
herd  those  with  white  "purses"  were  to  be  saved  for  breeding 
purposes  and  those  with  red  were  to  be  steered  at  once. 


58  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

Eyall,  near  Upton,  in  the  grassy  vale  of  the  Severn, 
leasing  additional  acreage  for  pasture.  Some  five 
years  later  he  took  up  his  residence  at  Poole  House, 
also  near  Upton.  He  bred  Herefords  almost  exclu- 
sively of  the  Tomkins  strain  throughout  the  entire 
period,  following  with  evident  success  the  close 
breeding  practiced  by  his  illustrious  predecessor. 

Price  was  a  loyal  follower  of  the  sage  of  Welling- 
ton Court,  not  only  breeding  from  close  affinities  but 
disregarding  color.  He  had  used  the  great  mottle- 
faced  bull  Wellington  (4),  as  already  mentioned,  the 
white-faced  Voltaire  and  the  two  greys,  Victory  (33) 
and  Trueboy  (32).  He  was  careful  with  his  records 
and  examination  of  the  early  herd  books  will  show 
that  his  stock  was  largely  used  in  the  founding  and 
up-building  of  many  contemporary  herds.  One  of 
the  remarkable  cows  of  the  Price  herd  was  Toby 
Pigeon,  a  daughter  of  one  of  Ben  Tomkins '  Pigeons. 
She  lived  to  be  nineteen  years  old  and  dropped  19 
calves,  having  been  accidentally  bulled  when  very 
young  and  producing  when  four  years  old  a  pair  of 
twins.  It  was  said  at  the  sale  of  1841  that  nearly 
the  entire  herd  then  traced  descent  to  this  prolific 
source. 

Challenges  were  common  among  the  British  cat- 
tle-growers in  those  days  and  Mr.  Price  was  ever 
ready  to  back  his  cattle  with  his  cash.*  In  1839  he 

*He  attended  one  of  Lord  Althorpe's  ram  sales  in  Northampton- 
shire, and  after  the  dinner  g-ave  a  challenge  to  show  one  of  his 
bulls  against  any  Shorthorn.  He  succeeded  in  getting-  up  a 
sweepstake  of  five  pounds  each,  which  he  won  with  his  bull  Lundy- 
foot,  which,  according  to  the  writer  of  the  memoir  in  the  "Farm- 
ers' Magazine,"  was  allowed  to  be  the  "completest"  animal  any  of 
the  company  ever  saw. 


JOHN    PRICE    OF    RYALL. 


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60  A  HISTORT  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

challenged  all  England  to  ' '  show  a  bull  and  20  regu- 
lar breeding  in-calf  cows  bred  by  himself "  for  any 
sum  not  exceeding  £100  against  a  like  number  of 
any  sort  and  owned  by  any  breeder  in  the  United 
Kingdom.  This  led  to  a  public  discussion  of  the 
relative  merits  of  the  Herefords  and  the  Short- 
horns between  Mr.  Price  and  Thos.  Bates  of  Kirk- 
levington,  but  the  defiance  itself  was  not  met. 

In  October,  1816,  Mr.  Price  sold  116  head  of  cattle 
for  a  total  of  £6,728/10s.,  an  average  of  £58,  a  Tom- 
kins-bred  cow  by  Silver  Bull  bringing  £215,  a  two- 
year-old  heifer  of  the  seller's  own  breeding  making 
£252,  the  old  stock  bull  Wellington  going  at  £283, 
the  bull  Eyall  commanding  £262  from  Lord  Talbot, 
and  the  bull  Waxy  £341/5s.  from  the  same  buyer.  An 
idea  of  the  extent  of  Mr.  Price's  breeding  opera- 
tions and  the  wide  distribution  of  the  Tomkins  blood 
made  through  him  may  be  gleaned  from  the  state- 
ment that  at  his  three  sales  of  1813,  1816  and  1841 
Herefords  to  the  value  of  £16,690  were  disposed  of; 
and  as  he  made  a  sale  in  1820  of  which  there  is  now 
no  record,  if  the  aggregate  of  that  were  added  it  is 
thought  that  the  total  sales  at  auction  alone  would 
reach  £20,000. 

Mr.  Price  is  said  not  only  to  have  disregarded 
color  markings  but  dairy  quality  as  well.  His  cattle 
were  criticised  by  some  for  the  "shortness  and 
rather  mean  appearance "  of  the  horns  of  the  cows. 
He  was  after  something  more  important.  The  old 
Tomkins  sort  was  called  "very  wide  over  their  hips 
and  narrow  on  their  shoulders.  "•  This  Mr.  Price  is 


EARLY  ENGLISH   IMPROVERS  61 

said  to  have  altered,  "  getting  bis  cows  much  wider 
on  the  chine,  with  less  gaudy  hips." 

The  Hewers. — We  have  just  seen  that  a  Worces- 
tershire breeder  was  one  of  the  originators  of  the 
modern  Hereford.  The  scene  now  changes  to  Glou- 
cestershire, Monmouth  and  Shropshire,  first  to  the 
east  of  Hereford,  then  to  the  west,  and  for  a  time 
to  the  north.  Herefordshire  men  truly  cannot  claim 
all  the  credit  for  their  world-famous  breed.  When 
to  the  work  of  Price  is  added  the  achievements  of 
the  Hewers  in  the  counties  named,  and  the  produc- 
tion of  Sir  David  in  South  Wales,  it  must  be  con- 
ceded that  even  though  Herefordshire  provided  the 
raw  material  the  neighboring  districts  are  entitled 
to  a  share  in  the  honor  of  having  brought  the  breed 
to  its  subsequent  high  estate. 

William  Hewer  was  born  in  Gloucester  in  1757, 
married  a  Miss  Hughes  of  Court  Morgan,  near 
Abergavenny,  Monmouthshire,  and  about  1787 
moved  to  that  vicinity,  supposedly  taking  with  him 
some  red-with-white-face  cattle  from  the  old  home 
of  the  Hewers  to  the  new.  He  farmed  there  for  28 
years,  when  on  account  of  a  bank  failure  he  became 
financially  involved,  and  leaving  his  wife  and  fam- 
ily— excepting  his  eldest  son  William — he  set  out 
supposedly  to  mend  his  shattered  fortunes  in  Amer- 
ica, but  died  in  New  York  City  within  six  months 
of  his  landing  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 

John  Hewer,  son  of  William,  was  born  in  1787 
and  lived  until  April  28, 1873.  He  was  reared  among 
the  Heref  ords  at  Hardwick,  near  Abergavenny,  and 


JOHN    HEWER. 


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JOHN   L.   HEWER. 


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64  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

it  is  said  that  the  young  man  here  formed  the  opin- 
ion that  the  white  face  should  be  firmly  established 
as  a  breed  characteristic.  He  removed  to  Shrop- 
shire in  1817  to  manage  the  farm  of  Purslow,  near 
Craven  Arms,  taking  with  him  many  valuable  cattle 
from  his  father's  herd  and  breeding  them  there  until 
about  1823.  William  Hewer's  family  meantime  had 
taken  a  farm  called  The  Grove  in  Monmouthshire, 
and  John  also  managed  that  until  some  differences 
with  his  relatives  caused  his  removal  into  Hereford- 
shire, where,  during  a  long,  busy  and  eminently  use- 
ful career,  he  occupied  in  turn  Hill  House,  Aston 
Ingham ;  Moor  House,  Hereford ;  Brandon  Cottage ; 
Hampton  Lodge,  near  Hereford;  Lower  Wilcroft; 
Palmer's  Court,  Holmer;  Vern  House,  Marden;  and 
Paradise  Villa,  Marden,  where  he  died  at  the  ripe 
old  age  of  86  years. 

Scale,  quality  and  with  the  exception  of  one  fam- 
ily, possession  of  the  white  face  distinguished  the 
Hewer  Herefords.  They  were  maintained  for  such 
a  long  period  of  time  and  the  letting  of  bulls  on  hire 
was  so  extensively  practiced  that  the  blood  of  these 
cattle  became  perhaps  more  widely  disseminated 
than  that  of  any  others  during  the  period  immediate- 
ly preceding  the  establishment  of  the  Hereford  pedi- 
gree record.  There  are  said  to  have  been  five  dif- 
ferent strains  specially  valued  in  the  Hewer  herd, 
one  of  which,  called  the  Lofty s,  was  usually  "tick- 
faced,"  not  the  mottle-face  so  frequently  seen  in 
those  days,  but  one  with  minute  ticks  or  specks  of  a 
bluish  tint.  The  bulls  Wonder  (420)  and  Governor 


EARLY  ENGLISH  IMPROVERS  65 

(464)  had  ticked  faces,  and  this  peculiarity  crops 
out  at  rare  intervals  to  this  day. 

While  the  exact  sources  of  the  original  herds  are 
unknown,  Mr.  Hewer  Sr.  is  on  record  as  having  at 
a  very  early  period  in  his  career  obtained  five  cows 
and  heifers  of  Tully  of  Huntington  and  he  had  in  his 
herd  stock  descended  from  "Tomkins'  prime  cat- 
tle." As  in  the  Tomkins  herd  the  credit  for  the 
first  great  success  in  the  Hewer  herd  is  laid  to  a 
bull  called  Silver  (540),  calved  in  1797,  and  de- 
scribed as  "red  with  a  white  face."  Like  Tomkins, 
Hewer  had  recourse  to  in-breeding.  He  used  sons 
and  grandsons  of  Silver  (540),  and  one  of  the  for- 
mer, Old  Wellington  (507),  also  red  with  white  face, 
was  particularly  prized.  Through  Young  Welling- 
ton (505),  same  color,  Old  Favorite  (442),  Waxy 
(403)  and  others,  the  blood  was  strongly  concen- 
trated. John  Hewer  carried  out  the  same  idea  in 
his  management,  and  this  persistent  reunion  of 
bloods  flowing  from  a  common  source  was  largely 
instrumental  in  establishing  the  fame  of  the  strain 
for  prepotency.  One  of  the  greatest  of  the  Hewer 
bulls,  Old  Sovereign  (404),  was  said  to  have  been 
the  progeny  of  an  own  brother  and  sister,  a  son  and 
daughter  of  Wellington.  It  is  claimed  that  he  was 
acknowledged  to  be  "the  best  bull  ever  bred  in  the 
county  of  Hereford  and  the  sire  and  grandsire  of 
more  prize  cattle  at  Smithfield  and  elsewhere  than 
any  other  bull  in  the  kingdom."  One  of  his  sons  was 
the  celebrated  mammoth  Cotmore,  first  prize  Here- 
ford bull  at  the  first  Eoyal  of  England  Show,  which 


66  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

was  held  at  Oxford  in  1839.  Old  Sovereign  lived  15 
years  and  was  on  hire  at  different  times  to  some  of 
the  best  breeders  of  his  day. 

To  enumerate  even  a  partial  list  of  all  the  famous 
individual  cattle  bred  by  John  Hewer  from  his 
father's  stock  would  be  to  reproduce  too  much  of 
the  early  English  record.  On  account  of  his  fre- 
quent removals  he  made  many  sales,  the  top  figure 
reached  being  £346/10s.  for  the  four-year-old  cow 
Lady  Byron.  The  bull  Governor  (464)  was  let  at 
£100  the  season,  Favorite  at  £200  and  Defiance 
(416)  at  the  same  figure.  As  many  as  35  bulls  were 
out  on  hire  in  a  single  year.  Sovereign  brought  in 
£640/18s.  in  rentals,  Lottery  (410)  returned  £710, 
Lottery  2d  (408)  £645/lls.  and  Defiance  (416)  £525. 
Good  prices  were  frequently  realized  at  private 
sales,  -the  bull  Hampton  (13)  going  at  £500.  In  1840 
a  lot  was  sold  for  shipment  to  Australia  where  one 
of  the  bulls  subsequently  fetched  1,000  guineas.  The 
produce  of  the  cow  Lofty  sold  for  £1,289. 

Some  notable  instances  of  longevity  and  fecundity 
appear  in  the  Hewer  records.  Eed  Eose,  by  Chance, 
was  John  Hewer's  favorite  cow.  She  lived  to  be 
23  years  old  and  John  L.  Hewer  (son  of  the  breeder) 
says  that  he  believes  she  produced  20  calves.  When 
17  years  old  she  had  twins  to  Governor  (464).  The 
bull  Berrington  (435)  is  said  to  have  sired  stock  at 
21  years.  Sovereign  got  Cotmore  at  15  years  and 
Above  All  (2910)  was  useful  up  to  17  years.  Sound 
old  stock  that,  one  would  say ! 

In  Monmouth  the  land  upon  which  the  Hewer  herd 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustln 
DARLING,    FIRST   BULL   BRED    BY   JOHN    L.    HEWER. 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustln 
LADY  BYRON,   CALVED  1833,   BRED  BY  JOHN   HEWER. 


68  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

' 

was  maintained  was  gravelly  and  half  mountain- 
ous. There  was  no  pampering  nor  coddling.  Size 
and  constitution  were  prime  objects  and  the  stock 
became  noted  for  its  vigor  as  well  as  quality.  John 
Hewer  kept  these1  characteristics  steadfastly  in 
mind,  and  his  success  probably  entitles  him  to  be 
called  the  greatest  Hereford  breeder  of  his  genera- 
tion. 

The  Jeffries. — No  reference  to  those  who  devel- 
oped the  Heref ords  in  England  during  the  first  half 
of  the  nineteenth  century  would  be  complete  with- 
out mention  of  the  name  of  Jeffries.  They  finished 
their  labors  in  the  ante-herd  book  days.  Most  of 
their  cattle  were  bred  on  the  farms  known  as  The 
Sheriffs,  Lyonshall  and  The  Grove,  Pembridge.  The 
stock  came  originally  from  the  Hay  woods  of  Clif- 
ton, while-  the  fine  old  strains  of  Edward  the  elder 
(1720-1807),  Edward,  junior  (1755-1834),  and 
Thomas,  senior  (1759-1840),  were  among  the  best 
in  the  district.  Thomas,  the  younger  (1796-1843), 
attained -special  fame  as  a  breeder,  largely  through 
the  u§e  of  Hewer  bulls'.  He  had  on  hire  at  different 
periods  such  celebrities  as  Sovereign  (404),  Lottery 
(410),  Byron-  (440)  and  Fitzfavorite  (441).  The 
cross  of  these  great  bulls  upon  the  old  Jeffries  f am- 

: - 

ilies  produced  cattle  of   splendid   scale,   substance 
and  quality. 

The  first  Eoyal  show  was  held  at  Oxford  in  1839; 
In  that  year  a  very  celebrated  bull  won  the  prize  as 
best  aged  bull,  -viz.,  Cotmore  (376).  He  was  then 
only  3  years  and  10  months  old.  He  was  bred  and 


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LADY    GROVE    AT   FOUR    YEARS    OLD    AND    CALF   FOIGH-A-BALLAGH, 
Bred  by  T.  Jeffries,  winner  at  the  Royal  of  1843  and  sold  for  155  guineas. 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustln 
HOPE   (439).    CALVED  IN  1836— Bred  by  Thos.  Jeffries,  sire  Byron  (440),  dam 
Cotmore's    dam. 


70  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

exhibited  by  Mr.  Thos.  Jeffries  of  The  Grove.  The 
old  portrait  of  this  bull  shows  that  he  was  a  fine 
specimen  of  the  immense  Hereford  bull  of  the  color 
and  type  which  Mr.  Jeffries  was  very  particular  in 
maintaining.  Cotmore  was  a  son  of  John  Hewer's 
Sovereign  (404),  his  dam  also  by  a  Hewer  bull  Lot- 
tery (410).  He  was  remarkably  big  and  level,  and 
it  is  officially  recorded  that  he  weighed  as  an  aged 
bull  35  cwt.  or  3920  Ibs.,  probably  estimated.  This 
has  been  claimed  as  the  record  weight  for  all  Brit- 
ish-bred bulls. 

The  Jeffries  were  at  this  time  generally  acknowl- 
edged as  reliable  and  leading  Hereford  breeders,  and 
Thos.  Jeffries  was  most  highly  esteemed  up  to  the 
time  of  his  death  in  1844.  The  farm  of  The  Grove 
in  his  time  and  in  that  of  his  successor  Benjamin 
Eogers  was  the  birth-place  of  many  of  the  best  Eng- 
lish Herefords.  The  house  is  an  old-fashioned  one 
standing  quite  by  itself ;  the  road  leading  up  to  it  is 
through  a  bye-lane  first,  and  then  through  fields  that 
must  be  good  and  strong  by  the  way  The  Grove 
Herefords  were  always  brought  out. 

Another  extraordinary  animal  bred  by  Thomas 
Jeffries  was  the  cow  Governess,  owned  by  J.  B. 
Green  of  Marlow.  She  is  said  to  have  lived  to  be  33 
years  old  and  produced  the  twin  bulls  Zeal  and  Zeal- 
ous but  a  few  years  prior  to  her  death. 

Although  John  Hewer  and  Thomas  Jeffries  are 
generally  credited  with  being  largely  instrumental 
in  turning  the  tide  of  battle  on  color  markings  from 


EARLY  ENGLISH  IMPROVERS  71 

the  mottle  to  the  white  faces  it  is  not  so  certain  that 
they  regarded  the  latter  as  intrinsically  superior. 
On  the  contrary  Wm.  Tudge,  late  of  Leinthall,  in  a 
letter  to  the  author  says : 

"I  have  seen  several  of  Hewer's  bulls  at  different 
times.  I  well  remember  seeing  one  called  Above  All 
at  an  old  Hereford  breeder's  place,  that  of  Edward 
Bowen  of  Corfton,  South  Shropshire.  He  wished  us 
particularly  to  see  his  bull,  of  which  he  was  very 
proud.  This  was  a  big  and  good  bull,  but  his  char- 
acteristics did  not  quite  please  me,  for  he  had  a  lot 
of  small  ticks  of-  red  in  the  white  on  his  face  and 
forehand  in  the  white  on  neck  and  brisket.  When  I 
spoke  about  it  the  owner  said,  '  I  like  him  all  the  bet- 
ter for  that,  and  so  does  old  John  Hewer.  It  is  his 
old  Lofty  cow's  breed.'  Hewer's  son  told  me  some 
time  afterwards  that  his  father  really  liked  this 
strain  best,  although  he  liked  his  white-faced  ones 
also  and  was  very  particular  in  keeping  to  their 
right  crossings,  and  that  he,  like  Mr.  Thos.  Jeffries, 
kept  very  strictly  to  the  white  face  and  right  mark- 
ings for  those." 

Knight  of  Downton  Castle. — Possessed  of  a  fine 
country  seat,  Thomas  Andrew  Knight  (born  1759, 
died  1838)  was  educated  at  Oxford  University  and 
during  a  long  series  of  years  devoted  the  resources 
of  a  well  trained  intellect  to  the  advancement  of 


"Incidental  to  this  episode  Mr.  Tudge  writes:  "I  had  gone  to 
Mr.  Bowen's  as  one  of  two  judges  of  roots  for  the  Ludlow  Agri- 
cultural Society  along  with  another  Hereford  breeder,  George 
Roberts  of  Trippleton,  Leintwardine.  Mr.  Bowen  had  entered  for 
the  best  six  acres  of  swedes.  It  was  a  very  wet  day.  Of  course 
the  swedes  were  very  wet,  but  he  was  very  anxious  we  should 
thoroughly  see  and  measure  them,  and  said,  'You  are  two  sport- 
ing gentlemen,  but  I  will  show  you  how  to  get  your  knees  dry,' 
for  we  were  both  riding.  On  returning,  as  soon  as  we  dismounted, 
the  groom  took  our  horses,  the  old  gentleman  himself  brought 
us  some  dry  old  hay  to  stuff  in  the  knees  of  our  breeches.  We 
were  dry  and  comfortable  directly.  I  have  many  times  done  this 
since  when  out  riding  or  shooting." 


72  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

the  agricultural  interests  of  the  community  in  which 
he  resided.  While  he  acquired  high  reputation  in 
the  field  of  scientific  horticulture  he  began  studying 
the  problem  of  how  to  improve  the  cattle  of  the  dis- 
trict sometime  about  the  year  1775.  It  is  said  that 
he  desired  to  obtain  a  type  adapted  to  "a  somewhat 
poor  and  uneven  locality,"  and  in  his  subsequent 
breeding  operations  he  displayed  originality  and 
marked  ability.  Some  of  the  larger  Herefords  he 
declared  absolutely  unsuited  to  his  purpose  because 
they  were  too  uncertain  on  their  legs  for  the  steep 
hillsides  of 'some  of  his  pastures.  He  would  have 
naught  to  do  with  ' i  lambs '  knees  "  or  "  sickle  hocks, ' ' 
and  one  authority  states  that  he  was  so  fastidious 
upon  this  matter  of  free  action  that  he  would  not 
purchase  a  bull  calf  until  he  had  first  seen  him  trot 
as  well* as  walk.  His  "trotting  bulls "  were  the  butt 
of  frequent  jokes  from  the  neighboring  tenantry, 
but  he  lived  to  see  the  importance  of  strong,  well 
set  legs  and  nimble  feet  freely  acknowledged. 

His  first  selections  were  from  the  herds  of  Tully 
of  Huntington,  Tomkins  and  Skyrme,  and  from  the 
former  he  evolved  the  famous  Downton  Castle 
"greys."  Indeed  one  of  his  original  breeding  cows 
is  said  to  have  been  white,  producing  Snowball  (246) 
of  the  Hereford  Herd  Book,  known  also  as 
"Knight's  White  Bull."  Whether  by  chance  or  by 
design,  the  mingling  of  the  Tully  blood  (with  its 
strong  tendency  to  white)  with  the  pale  red  of  the 
Skyrme  stock  and  the  darker  Tomkins  strain  pro- 
duced a  race  of  greys  or  roans  that  possessed  con- 


EARLY  ENGLISH   IMPROVERS  73 

stitution,  flesh  and  feeding  quality  and  became  wide- 
ly celebrated.  Not  many  of  the  Downton  cattle  are 
on  record,  but  some  of  the  best  of  the  English  herds 
of  the  herd  book  period — including  that  maintained 
by  Mr.  John  Hill  of  Felhampton  Court — acknowl- 
edged heavy  indebtedness  to  them. 

In  the  Hall  of  Fame. — It  is  not  our  purpose  to 
go  into  great  detail  as  to  all  those  who  contributed 
to  the  creation  of  the  latter-day  Hereford,  but  we 
cannot  pass  on  to  the  herd  book  period  without  re- 
cording at  least  the  names  of  a  large  group  of  intel- 
ligent, able  men  who  made  skillful  use  of  the  plastic 
material  at  their  disposal. 

There  was  for  instance  the  Yeomans  family.  Rich- 
ard and  John  with  their  famous  old-time  herds  were 
on  the  side  of  the  white  face  as  against  the  mot- 
tle-face and  helped  to  win  the  day  for  the  former, 
while  in  comparatively  recent  times,  John  H.  and 
Henry  Yeomans  acquired  prominence  in  the  exten- 
sion of  the  Hereford  dominion  throughout  western 
America. 

James  Yarworth,  first  in  Momnouth  and  later  in 
Herefordshire,  commenced  breeding  in  1802  and  for 
18  years  was  a  power  in  the  trade.  His  most  noted 
bull  was  Trojan  (192),  shown  at  Hereford  in  1816 
and  called  by  the  awarding  committee  "the  finest  ani- 
mal ever  shown  before  the  society. " 

W.  Walker  of  Burton  near  Clifton-on-Terme  and 
his  son  J.  Walker  of  Lulsley  Court,  Worcestershire, 
were  men  who  also  helped  build  up  the  breed.  Prox- 


74  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

imity  to  John  Price  led  to  free  crossing  of  the  Walk- 
er cattle  wi.th  the  Tomkins  blood. 

Eev.  J.  E.  Smythies  of  Lynch  Court  began  about 
1806.  He  championed  the  mottled  faces  and  drew 
largely  for  his  material  from  the  herds  of  Tomkins, 
Price,  Yarworth,  Skyrme,  Tully  and  Walker.  He 
was  for  a  long  series  of  years  one  of  the  most  en- 
thusiastic supporters  of  the  breed  and  as  late  as 
1849  challenged  the  kingdom  to  show  four  two- 
year-old  Hereford  bullocks  and  four  yearlings  at 
Smithfield  against  eight  Shorthorns  or  Devons  of 
like  age  for  100  guineas,  but  nothing  came  of  it. 

Theophilus  Salwey  of  Ashley  Moor,  a  disciple  of 
Knight,  bred  Herefords  for  some  forty  years  and 
had  good  success  in  manipulating  the  Downton  Cas- 
tle strains.  The  great  show  and  breeding  bull  Sir  An- 
drew gave  the  herd  its  first  repute  and  Mr.  Knight, 
who  frequently  saw  the  herd,  testified  that  many  of 
the  animals  at  Ashley  Moor  were  an  improvement 
upon  his  own.  The  herd  was  dispersed  in  1844. 

T.  C.  Yeld  of  The  Broome,  who  began  about  1820. 
was  the  son  of  a  Herefordshire  grazier  and  when  he 
took  up  breeding  his  practical  knowledge  of  cattle 
soon  brought  success.  Between  1829  and  1849  he 
won  not  less  than  25  prizes  at  the  Herefordshire 
show,  but  one  other  breeder — Eoberts  of  Ivington- 
bury — of  that  period  carrying  away  a  greater  num- 
ber during  the  same  years.  He  used  among  other 
noted  sires  Mr.  Knight's  Snowball  (246) ;  Eed  Eobin 
(263),  sire  of  Smithfield  winners;  Young  Cupid 
(259),  a  great  winner  and  sire  of  prize-winners; 


T.  C.  YELD. 


Copyright  photo  by  Busttn 


76  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

and  Tobias  (487),  a  show  bull  himself  and  sire,  it 
is  said,  "of  more  prize  animals  than  any  other  bull 
that  has  ever  been  in  the  country."  The  Yeld  fam- 
ily holds  a  prominent  place  in  Hereford  traditions. 

The  Turners  of  Aymestry,  Noke  Court  and  The 
Leen,  have  written  their  names  indelibly  in  Hereford 
trade  annals.  James,  the  grandfather,  commenced 
at  Aymestry  by  purchasing  at  the  Galliers  sale  at 
Wigmore  Grange  in  1795.  In  1803  he  challenged  the 
countryside  to  show  a  six-year-old  ox  for  100 
guineas,  "for  weight  and  least  coarse  meat."  Hia 
son  Philip  and  the  latter 's  son  Arthur  P.,  have 
helped  make  modern  Hereford  history  and  will  be 
again  referred  to.  The  elder  Turner  used  bulls 
from  Jeffries,  Knight  and  other  leading  contem- 
porary breeders,  and  bred  the  bull  Chance  (348), 
the  accidental  mating  of  which  with  one  of  his  own 
daughters  produced  the  renowned  Sir  David  (349). 

Tench  of  Bromfield,  the  Messrs.  Williams  of 
Thingehill  Court  and  Brinsop,  Weymen  of  Moreton 
and  Stockton,  John  Morris  of  Stocktonbury,  Jones 
of  Breinton,  Sir  Hungerford  Hoskyris  of  Harewood 
Grange,  W.  C.  Hay  ton  of  Moreton  Court,  Bluck, 
Parry,  Kedward,  Rocke,  Clarke,  Longmore,  Carpen- 
ter and  a  score  of  their  contemporaries  should  be 
named  and  deserve  to  have  their  exploits  in  Here- 
fordom  recounted,  but  this  portion  of  our  story  al- 
ready grows  too  long  and  we  can  pay  only  this  pass- 
ing tribute  to  their  work. 

Pedigree  Registration  Established.— The  Here- 
ford Herd  Book  of  England  was  established  in  1846. 


EARLY  ENGLISH  IMPROVERS  77 

It  remained  for  a  Shropshire  man  to  take  the  initia- 
tive. Mr.  T.  C.  Eyton  of  Donnerville,  Wellington, 
Salop,  did  for  the  Heref ords  what  old  George  Coates 
of  Great  Smeaton,  Yorkshire,  had  done  for  the 
equally  careless  Shorthorn  breeders  a  few  years 
previous. 

Mr.  Eyton,  we  are  told,  had  gone  into  Hereford- 
shire to  buy  some  breeding  cattle  for  his  own  use 
and  finding,  with  the  exception  of  John  Price's  rec- 
ords at  Eyall,  much  confusion  existing  as  to  the 
genealogy  of  most  of  the  herds  visited,  determined 
to  begin  compiling  pedigrees  for  his  own  private  in- 
formation. Subsequently  on  being  promised  assis- 
tance by  several  prominent  breeders  he  decided  to 
collect  material  for  publication. 

Color  Quarrel  Compromised, — Serious  difficulties, 
however,  were  at  once  encountered.  Some  were 
doubtful  as  to  the  utility  of  such  a  work.  Others  pre- 
ferred to  shroud  their  own  particular  practices  in 
more  or  less  mystery.  Why  indeed  should  a  "trade* 
secret"  be  given  away  unnecessarily?  But  worst  of 
all  was  the  keen  rivalry  of  different  warring  fac- 
tions. There  was  first  the  color  line  with  all  its  di- 
vision of  sentiment.  Those  who  had  used  the  Tully- 
Tomkins-Price-Knight  and  allied  strains  freely  were 
powerful,  and  many  of  that  school  not  only  de- 
clared the  mottle-faces  best  but  clearly  entitled  to 
a  record  of  their  own.  Those  who  had  by  the  use 
largely  of  the  Hewer  and  Jeffries  and  Yeomans  bulls 
got  a  white-face  standard  fairly  well  established 
were  positive  that  their  sort  was  most  desirable. 


78  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

After  much  unprofitable  wrangling  a  compromise 
was  effected.  It  was  agreed  that  the  pedigrees 
should  be  arranged  in  four  sections:  mottle-face, 
white-face,  grey  and  light  greys,  precedence  to  be 
given  in  the  order  named.  Only  bulls  were  regis- 
tered in  the  initial  volume. 

The  book  appeared  in  July,  1846,  and  carried  the 
names  of  551  animals.  It  contained  colored  draw- 
ings of  four  bulls  illustrating  the  varieties  rec- 
ognized: Tomkins'  Wellington  (4),  mottled  face; 
Price's  Victory  (35),  grey;  Jeffries'  Cotmore  (376), 
white  face;  and  Kicket's  Broxwood  (485),  light  grey. 

Eyton's  Editorial  Troubles. — Much  interesting 
information  concerning  individual  celebrities  was 
incorporated,  and  but  for  Mr.  Eyton's  patient  ef- 
forts much  of  this  would  never  have  been  handed 
down. .  The  Herefordshire  Agricultural  Society  in 
1849  thanked  the  compiler  for  the  benefit  conferred 
and  urged  all  to  extend  him  support.  Notwithstand- 
ing all  this,  however,  it  was  six  years  before  he  was 
able  to  announce  the  second  volume  containing  the 
record  of  350  more  bulls.  In  this  volume  he  still 
complained  that  many  breeders  had  failed  to  supply 
desired  information,  in  view  of  which  fact  he  an- 
nounced that  it  was  not  his  intention  to  carry  the 
work  further  unless  breeders  generally  came  for- 
ward and  heartily  co-operated.  Whereupon  the 
Herefordshire  Agricultural  Society  passed  a  memo- 
rial pledging  its  members  to  support  and  to  purchase 
copies  of  the  work.  This  was  coupled,  however,  with 
a  request  that  subsequent  volumes  be  published  "in 


EARLY  ENGLISH  IMPROVERS  79 

as  cheap  a  form  as  possible "  and  that  "the  prints 
be  hereafter  omitted. "  Eyton,  like  many  another 
pioneer  before  and  since,  disheartened  by  such 
doubtful  backing  declined  to  proceed  with  the  work, 
and  but  for  Mr.  W.  C.  Powell  of  Hereford,  who 
stepped  in  at  this  juncture  and  bought  the  copyright, 
publication  would  have  been  suspended  for  a  time 
at  least.  Mr.  Powell  published  the  first  part  of  the 
third  volume  in  1856,  but  died  before  the  second  part 
was  ready  for  press. 

Sold  for  a  Song. — It  does  not  seem  to  be  specially 
to  the  credit  of  the  English  Hereford  breeders  of 
this  period  that  on  the  15th  of  July,  1857,  the  Here- 
fordshire Agricultural  Society  should  have  voted  to 
pay  the  heirs  of  the  deceased  editor  the  munificent 
sum  of  £10  (less  than  $50  American  money)  for  the 
whole  work  as  it  then  stood,  and  immediately  there- 
after voted  that  if  Mr.  Thomas  Duckham  of  Bay- 
sham  Court  should  repay  this  amount  to  the  society 
and  agree  to  publish  the  book  annually,  he  might 
have  it  and  charge  thereafter  an  entrance  fee  of  one 
shilling  for  each  animal  recorded.  As  Powell's 
solicitor  testified  that  the  book  had  already  cost  the 
deceased  over  £30,  no  account  apparently  ever  hav- 
ing been  taken  of  poor  Eyton 's  weary  wanderings 
and  long  months  of  preparation,  the  organization 
certainly  drove  a  bargain  sharp  enough  to  satisfy 
the  thriftiest  member. 

Mr.  Duckham 's  Valuable  Service. — The  society 
not  only  thus  recovered  its  £10  but  it  put  the  Here- 
ford Herd  Book  into  eminently  competent  hands. 


80  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE     ' 

Mr.  Duckham,  who  afterwards  became  an  influential 
member  of  the  House  of  Commons  and  rendered  dis- 
tinguished service  to  the  farming  interests  of  his 
country,  brought  intelligence  and  enterprise  to  the 
rehabilitation  of  the  herd  book,  and  soon  placed  it 
upon  a -substantial  footing.  He  carried  it  from  1857  to 
1878,  at  which  date  it  was  taken  over  by  a  herd  book 
society  of  which  Mr.  J.  H.  Arkwright  was  the  first 
President,  the  Earl  of  Coventry,  Vice-President,  and 
Mr.  S.  W.  Urwick,  Secretary. 

Practical  Farmers  in  Control. — For  many  years 
following  the  establishment  of  the  herd  book  noth- 
ing of  a  reactionary  character  intervened  to  retard 
the  steady  progress  of  the  Herefords  toward  their 
highest  development  as  quick-feeding,  early-matur- 
ing, thick-fleshed  cattle  of  a  robust  type.  These  were 
quiet  uneventful  years  of  unconscious  but  neverthe- 
less efficient  preparation  along  rational  lines  for 
the  great  days  so  near  at  hand,  contrasting  sharp- 
ly for  the  most  part  with  the  feverish  activity  and 
wild  orgy  of  pedigree  speculation  which  during  the 
latter  half  of  this  same  period  attended  the  trade  in 
Shorthorns.  While  the  enthusiastic  adherents  of 
the  great  rival  breed  were  working  themselves  up 
to  the  frenzy  that  culminated  in  that  unparalleled 
international  episode  at  New  York  Mills,  where  one 
cow  of  the  Duchess  family  was  bid  off  for  $40,600 
and  109  head  of  Bates  Shorthorns  averaged  $3,504, 
Herefordshire  was  still  pursuing  the  even  tenor  of 
its  way  all  untouched,  as  yet,  by  the  blighting  breath 
of  any  "boom." 


CHAPTER  III. 

SOME     ENGLISH     BEEED-BUILDEES     AND 
THEIR  WORK. 

Having  detailed  in  the  preceding  chapters  the  sow- 
ing of  the  original  seed,  we  shall  now  note  briefly  how 
a  succeeding  generation  cultivated  in  Herefordshire 
the  field  that  was  presently  to  yield  such  a  golden 
harvest.  It  is  a  plain,  unvarnished  tale  of  steadfast 
devotion  to  an  ideal,  of  faithful  honest  breeding 
along  intensely  practical  lines,  untrammeled  by  the 
bondage  that  is  imposed  by  the  following  of  fads  and 
fancies.  Only  the  more  marked  successes  can  be  men- 
tioned. The  task  of  doing  full  justice  to  the  rank 
and  file  of  England's  modern  breeders  of  the  Here- 
ford must  be  left  to  old-country  scribes.  Our  work 
is  mainly  with  the  newer  and  larger  field  into  which 
the  breed  has  now  entered  in  the  Western  Hemi- 
sphere. So,  we  touch  in  dealing  with  the  middle  and 
more  modern  stages  of  the  breed  in  its  native  land 
those  points  mainly  that  connect  up  directly  with  the 
American  trade,  the  object  being  to  give  the  stu- 
dent of  Hereford  breeding  as  it  exists  in  the  United 
States  a  general  idea  of  the  sources  from  whence  our 
present-day  herd  book  stock  was  principally  derived. 

Certain  names  are  so  frequently  encountered  in 
the  examination  of  Hereford  records  that  the  fol- 

81 


82  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

lowing  statements  of  fact  seem  essential  to  an  in- 
telligent reading  of  American  pedigrees.  Wherever 
"white  faces"  are  bred  and  catalogued,  references 
to  some  of  these  historic  names  are  constantly  made, 
and  while  the  limits  of  this  work  will  not  admit  of 
particularizing  as  far  as  some  may  wish,  we  shall  at 
least  try  and  locate  the  "mountain  peaks"  appear- 
ing on  the  English  Hereford  map  prior  to  the  era  of 
extensive  American  importations. 

The  student  of  Hereford  records  is  early  con- 
fronted by  such  names  as  Sir  David,  Sir  Benjamin, 
Sir  Tkomas,  Horace,  Lord  Wilton,  Anxiety,  and 
The  Grove  3d ;  and  coupled  with  the  designations  of 
these  and  other  epoch-making  sires  will  be  found 
the  names  of  such  men  as  Rogers,  Tudge,  Rea,  Lord 
Berwick,  Price,  Turner,  Carwardine,  Robinson,  Hill, 
Arkwright,  Roberts,  Edwards,  Taylor,  and  other 
distinguished  breeders  of  the  golden  age  of  Here- 
ford development  in  English  pastures.  To  a  brief 
consideration  of  some  of  these  animals  and  person- 
ages we  now  turn. 

The  Strange  Story  of  Sir  David.— We  are  apt 
to  plume  ourselves  unduly  over  what  has  been 
accomplished  by  man  in  the  upbuilding  of  the  breeds. 
We  credit  most  of  our  progress  to  the  acumen  of  cer- 
tain distinguished  individuals  who  have  left  an  un- 
doubted impress  upon  the  plastic  material  with 
which  they  have  successfully  wrought.  We  affect 
profound  knowledge  of  some  of  Nature's  most  sub- 
tle processes.  There  are  many  things  we  do  know 
about  the  transmission  of  hereditary  qualities,  the 


SOME  ENGLISH  BREED-BUILDERS  83 

effects  of  in-breeding,  out-crossing,  environment,  and 
all  those  other  matters  commonly  supposed  to  enter 
largely  into  breeding  problems.  Now  and  then,  how- 
ever, something  quite  outside  our  own  little  horizon 
makes  its  appearance  to  the  utter  confounding  of 
some  of  our  pet  propositions.  Listen  to  one  of  the 
strangest  stories  in  bovine  history. 

There  is  nothing  more  firmly  established  in  Here- 
ford annals  than  the  fact  that  the  bull  Sir  David 
(349)  was  not  only  the  greatest  of  his  day  and  gen- 
eration as  a  show  bull,  but  as  a  sire  as  well.  During 
his  own  long  and  sensational  career  in  the  flesh,  he 
was  the  terror  of  all  adversaries  of  all  breeds  at 
shows  great  and  small,  national  and  local;  and  af- 
ter his  death  he  lived  again  in  his  sons  and  their 
sons,  such  as  Sir  Benjamin,  Sir  Thomas,  Sir  Roger 
and  Lord  Wilton,  factors  every  one  in  bringing  the 
breed  to  its  highest  perfection'.  But  "tell  it  not  in 
Gath;  publish  it  not  in  the  streets  of  Askelon;"  this 
bull  of  Hereford  bulls,  one  of  the  undoubted  prodi- 
gies of  the  bovine  ages,  had  no  breeder  at  all.  Not 
only  that  but  he  was  the  result  of  a  match  such  as 
is  now  and  ever  has  been  set  down  as  impossible.  He 
came  literally  by  Chance.  A  bull  of  that  name  (him- 
self of  uncertain  paternity)  accidentally  broke  from 
his  box  and  served  an  own  daughter  called  Duchess 
2d.  This  misfortune,  as  it  was  doubtless  regarded  at 
the  time  by  the  owner,  occurred  upon  the  farm  of 
David  Williams  of  Newton,  Breconshire,  in  Wales, 
in  1844.  From  this  union  a  bull  calf  eventuated  in 


84  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

February,  1845.  Chance  himself  was  not  a  product 
of  a  specially-ordered  mating.  Any  one  of  several 
precocious  bull  calves  running  with  some  heifers 
might  have  been  his  sire.  His  mother,  called  Vic- 
toria, had  been  bred  by  Turner  of  The  Noke,  Leomin- 
ster,  and  was  deep  in  the  best  John  Hewer  blood  run- 
ning back  to  old  Sovereign.  This  was  rugged  old 
stock,  strong  enough  it  seems  to  withstand  even 
breeding  from  the  very  closest  affinities.  At  any 
rate,  this  "double  Chance "  came  into  the  world  via 
Nature's  own  route,  and  he  soon  began  making  his- 
tory. 

At  the  Eoyal  Society's  show  at  Newcastle  in  1846 
the  "future  great"  was  introduced  to  the  public, 
winning  first  in  the  bull  calf  class.  He  had  been 
bought  at  the  Newton  sale  for  100  guineas  by  Mr, 
I.  N.  Carpenter  of  Eardisland,  Herefordshire,  who 
dubbed  him  Sir  David  in  honor  of  Mr.  Williams, 
owner  of  the  dam,  but  Edward  Price  of  Court  House 
had  taken  a  great  fancy  to  the  bull  and  bought  him 
for  service  at  Pembridge.  Here  he  developed  into 
the  sensation  of  the  day,  his  wonderful  scale,  vigor, 
flesh  and  general  character  marking  him  as  the  most 
extraordinary  bull  the  breed  had  yet  produced.  He 
was  a  winner  at  the  Herefordshire  shows  of  1847  and 
1848  and  at  the  Norwich  Eoyal  of  1849  swept  all  be- 
fore him.  Later  in  the  season,  at  Ludlow  in  Septem- 
ber, he  won  the  Challenge  prize  open  to  all  breeds 
in  the  United  Kingdom,  and  first  prize  for  bull  with 
four  of  his  get.  One  of  the  latter,  Pembridge  (721), 


SOME   ENGLISH   BREED-BUILDERS  85 

had  also  been  the  first  prize  bull  calf  at  Norwich.  To 
this  day  old  breeders  in  Herefordshire  recall  this 
show  season  as  "Sir  David's  year."  However,  he 
had  other  years,  many  in  fact  and  all  full  of  hon- 
ors. At  Ludlow  in  1850  he  again  was  crowned 
champion  of  all  British  bulls  on  exhibition. 

Having  such  a  good  promise  as  Pembridge  in 
sight,  Edward  Price  after  three  years'  use  of  Sir 
David  sold  him  to  go  out  of  the  country.  James 
Lumsden  of  Auchtry  House,  Aberdeenshire,  Scot- 
land took  him  off  to  the  North,  to  show  the  canny 
Scots  that  there  were  other  great  cattle  in  the  world 
beside  their  own  black  "humlies"  and  the  Sittyton, 
or  Cruickshank,  Shorthorns.  But  the  wise  men  of 
those  days  in  Hereford  had  enterprise  enough  to  go 
bring  him  back  to  where  his  wonderful  procreative 
powers  might  find  full  sweep  for  the  best  interest  of 
the  local  breed.  So  he  came  home.  Turner  of  The 
Noke,  breeder  of  Chance's  dam,  got  him.  It  would 
be  interesting  to  know  all  the  facts  that  led  to  Sir 
David's  repeated  transfers,  but  it  is  probable  that 
they  grew  out  of  the  general  competition  that  evi- 
dently ensued  as  to  his  possession.  He  next  ap- 
peared as  owned  by  Mr.  Higgins  of  Woolaston 
Grange,  Chepstow,  and  finally -landed  in  the  fine  old 
herd  of  Lord  Berwick  of  Cronkhill,  at  which  place  he 
did  not  become  useless  until  his  fifteenth  year  when 
he  was  fed  off  to  the  butcher. 

The  Reas  of  Monaughty  and  Westonbury. — 
James  Eea,  a  Radnorshire  farmer,  was  another  one 


86  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

of  the  pathfinders.  He  was  in  a  district  that  was 
prolific  of  good  Herefords,  among  his  neighbors  be- 
ing the  senior  Tudge,  Ben  Eogers,  and  Monkhouse 
of  The  Stow.  Mr.  Eea  had  commenced  about  1816 
with  a  bull  of  Knight's  breeding.  Then  he  had  Old 
Court  (306),  representing  a  mingling  of  Tomkins 
and  Tully  strains.  Blood  concentration  was  in  evi- 
dence here  as  elsewhere,  a  son  and  a  grandson  of 
Old  Court  being  used  upon  the  herd.  A  famous 
stock-getter  of  his  day,  Eegent  (891),  "with  a  dark, 
curly  coat,  broad  forehand  and  top,"  was  probably 
the  best  of  the  early  Monaughty  stock  bulls,  siring 
many  prize-winners.  Then  came  Grenadier  (961), 
succeeded  by  Chieftain  (930)  and  his  two  sons  Treas- 
urer (1105)  and  Pilot  (1036),  both  noted  breeders. 
From  Turner  Mr.  Eea  then  got  Wellington  (1112), 
the  sire  of  many  great  show  beasts. 

Thos.  Eea,  son  of  James,  bred  good  Herefords  for 
many  years  at  Westonbury  near  Leominster  in  Here- 
fordshire. He  bought  from  his  neighbor  Ben.  Eog- 
ers, living  but  a  few  miles  distant,  Sir  David's  son 
Sir  Benjamin  (1387).  The  bull  was  then  a  yearling, 
or  possibly  a  two-year-old,  and  was  subsequently 
transferred  to  Mr.  Eea,  Sr.,  of  Monaughty.  In  these 
herds  he  did  extraordinary  service,  taking  and  hold- 
ing for  many  years  the  center  of  the  English  Here- 
ford stage.  To  his  cover  Monaughty  was  indebted 
for  the  celebrated  cow  Queen  of  the  Lilies,  champion 
at  the  Manchester  Eoyal  of  1869  and  dam  of  King 
of  the  Lilies  (3892),  sire  of  Helianthus  (4641)  and 


SOME    ENGLISH    BREED-BUILDERS  87 

other  good  ones.  Thomas  Rea  bred  among  other  im- 
pressive sires  from  Sir  Benjamin,  Sir  Richard 
(1734)  and  Sir  Oliver  2d  (1733),  champion  at  the 
Worcester  Royal  of  1863,  where  he  was  exhibited  by 
Mr.  Arkwright.  This  latter  bull  in  turn  was  the  sire 
of  Sir  Richard  2d  970a— "Old  Dick"  of  American 
Hereford  history. 

The  Sir  Benjamin  Era. — Sir  Benjamin  was 
clearly  the  successor  of  his  sire  Sir  David  as  the  pre- 
mier stock-getter  of  his  time,  and  his  progeny  soon 
set  still  higher  standards  for  the  showring.  It  was 
at  the  Chester  Royal  of  1858  that  Sir  Benjamin  was 
first  flashed  by  Tom  Rea  upon  the  public.  He  was 
then  but  two  years  and  four  months  old,  and  had  to 
show  in  an  aged  class.  He  nevertheless  stood  second 
to  Price's  five-year-old  Goldfinder  2d  in  a  class  of 
nine.  His  get  at  Westonbury  and  Monaughty  be- 
came the  sensation  of  their  day  and  at  the  Worces« 
ter  Royal  of  1863  they  came  to  the  front  with  a  rush, 
taking  four  firsts  and  three  second  prizes. 

Space  will  not  admit  of  our  tracing  here  in  detail 
the  sale  and  showy ard  triumphs  of  this  blood ;  suffice 
it  to  say  that  a  compilation  of  the  results  of  the  lead- 
ing shows  of  the  period  gave  rise  to  the  assertion 
that  "Sir  Benjamin  was  the  sire  of  more  winners 
than  any  other  known  Hereford  bull."  Within  a 
very  few  years  his  immediate  descendants  had  won 
more  than  fifty  Royal  prizes ;  three  of  his  sons,  Sir 
Richard,  Sir  Oliver  2d  and  Sir  Thomas,  had  won 
Royal  firsts,  and  the  massive  Queen  of  the  Lilies, 


88  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

still  called  by  some  old  Herefordshire  breeders  the 
best  cow  they  ever  saw,  swept  all  opposition  at  the 
Royal  and  the  Bath  and  West  of  England  shows. 

The  Sir  David  and  Sir  Benjamin  bulls  had  be- 
come the  fashion  of  the  time  and  indeed  fairly  in- 
troduced the  modern  Hereford.  They  were  dis- 
tinguished for  scale  and  prepotency,  and  the  blood 
found  its  way  into  nearly  every  contemporary  herd 
of  importance.  A  good  illustration  of  the  vigor  of 
the  breed  in  those  days  is  afforded  by  a  case  where 
one  of  Mr.  Rea's  neighbors,  Mr.  J.  B.  Green  of 
Marlow,*  sent  a  very  old  cow  of  Jeffries  blood,  Gov- 
erness by  name,  and  full  twenty  years  of  age,  to  be 
bred  to  Sir  Benjamin.  The  result  was  a  pair  of 
twin  bulls  Zeal  (2342)  and  Zealous  (2349),  the  lat- 
ter resembling  Sir  Benjamin  very  much  in  size  and 
general  character.  All  Marlow  cattle  imported  to 
America  in  later  years  were  big  ones. 

The  Worcester  Eoyal  and  the  Monaughty  disper- 
sion sale  of  1863  gave  a  wonderful  impetus  to  what 
we  may  call  the  Middle  Period  of  English  Hereford 
history,  sometimes  called  "the  Sir  Benjamin  era." 
Undoubtedly  this  sale  had  a  great  effect  in  stirring 
up  the  energy  and  the  interest  of  the  Hereford 
breeders.  The  Monaughty  herd  had  been  a  favor- 

*"Joe"  Green,  as  he  was  commonly  called,  was  a  fine  old  sports- 
man, and  had  a  somewhat  novel  method  of  selling  his  young 
bulls.  For  years  he  offered  them  at  about  12  months  old  at  a 
uniform  price  of  30  guineas.  As  there  were  usually  about  20  of 
them,  his  first  customers  had  a  wide  range  of  selection.  This 
practice,  by  the  way,  had  a  counterpart  in  the  west  years  ago 
in  the  famous  old-time  Shorthorn  herd  of  the  late  Hon.  John 
Wentwofth  of  Chicago,  who  had  a  fixed  price  of  $100  per  head 
upon  his  bull  calves  no  matter  what  their  breeding,  color  or  in- 
dividual character. 


I 


90  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

ite  one  for  many  years  for  leading  breeders  to  come 
to  when  they  wanted  a  first-class  sire,  and  the  grand 
lots  of  steers  sent  each  October  from  Kadnor shire 
to  top  the  Hereford  great  October  fair  were  almost 
all  from  the  Monaughty  sires,  distinguished  always 
for  their  scale  and  quality.  The  catalogue  announc- 
ing this  sale  set  forth  that  "every  animal  offered 
for  sale  is  red  with  white  face  and  mane. ' ' 

Speaking  of  Sir  David's  incestuous  breeding, 
William  Tudge,  late  of  Leinthall,  says : 

"My  experience,  and  I  have  known  many  in- 
stances, is  that  they  (the  in-bred  animals)  are  ex- 
ceptionally strong  in  their  constitutions,  or  more 
delicate  than  their  fellows.  Both  these  cases  I  have 
seen  repeatedly,  and  if  strong,  as  Sir  David  was, 
when  mated  with  cows  of  quite  another  strain  the 
produce  has  been  much  stronger  than  with  other 
sires.  This  is  well  borne  out  by  Sir  David's  stock, 
particularly  so  in  the  two  cows  he  served  in  'The 
Grove'  herd,  his  two  sons  there,  Sir  Benjamin 
(1387)  and  The  Grove  (1764),  being  exceptionally 
good  sires  and  the  one,  Sir  Benjamin,  a  marvelously 
good  animal.  In  the  case  of  The  Grove  the  bull  met 
with  an  accident  when  young,  and  was  to  a  certain 
extent  crippled  so  that  he  had  not  the  same  oppor- 
tunity as  Sir  Benjamin  of  showing  what  he  could 
have  done. 

"I  have  heard  my  father  say,  and  he  was  con- 
sidered a  very  good  judge,  that  when  he  saw  Sir  Da- 
vid at  Ludlow  he  was  lying  down  and  he  looked  to 
him  like  a  mountain  of  flesh.  He  always  said  he 
was  the  biggest  bull  he  ever  saw  of  any  breed." 

The  English  sale  and  showyard  records  for  long 
years  subsequent  to  the  use  of  Sir  David  bear  in- 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustin 
LEINTHALL— Home   of   the  late   Wm.    Tudge    Jr. 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustin 
BLACK  HALL,  KING'S  PYON. 


92  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

contestable  evidence  of  his  supremacy  as  the  most 
prepotent  and  the  most  valuable  sire  of  his  period, 
his  greatest  single  legacy  to  the  breed  doubtless  be- 
ing the  remarkable  bull  Sir  Benjamin,  of  which 
more  anon. 

Tudge  of  Adforton. — Imperishable  renown  at- 
taches to  the  name  of  William  Tudge  of  Adforton, 
in  the  west  of  Herefordshire,  as  the  breeder  of  the 
far-famed  bull  Lord  Wilton  (4740),  whose  sons, 
grandsons,  daughters  and  granddaughters  by  the 
score  have  graced  so  many  great  herds  on  both  sides 
the  sea.  Mr.  Tudge  was  born  in  1805  and  com- 
menced his  herd  on  a  farm  near  Knighton  in  1832  by 
buying  heifers  from  Mr.  Weyman  of  Stocktonbury, 
another  one  of  the  many  old-time  cattle  growers  who 
sought  to  impress  the  excellence  of  his  stock  upon 
the  public  by  challenging  i  l  all  England, ' '  offering  to 
show  his  bull  Stockton  (237)  for  £500,  and  again  to 
show  a  bull  with  twenty  cows.  "But,"  says  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Tudge,  the  younger  (late  of  Leinthall),  whom 
the  author  had  the  pleasure  of  visiting  some  years 
ago,  "no  one  accepted  the  challenge."  As  a  matter 
of  fact  these  propositions  were  not  often  taken 
seriously.  Still  they  argued  at  least  the  confidence 
of  the  owner  in  the  superiority  of  his  own  stock.  Mr. 
Tudge  was  fortunate  in  one  of  his  first  stock  bulls 
Turpin  (300),  bred  by  J.  Morris  but  bought  at  100 
guineas  from  Eyton,  founder  of  the  herd  book.  The 
Turpin  heifers  were  said  to  have  been  "very  thick 
and  deep,  with  capital  broad  backs  and  very  curly 
glossy  coats  of  a  dark  rich  color."  These  are  said 


94  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

to  have  formed  the  real  basis  of  the  herd.  Later 
another  good  getter  was  found  in  Nelson  (1021)  bred 
by  Thomas  Longmore,  the  breeder  of  Lord  Ber- 
wick's celebrated  bull  Walford.  Another  success- 
ful sire  was  The  Doctor  (1083)  from  the  splendid 
neighboring  herd  of  James  Eea.  His  heifers  "made 
grand  cows,"  but  with  the  exception  of  one  rare 
show  bull,  Carbonel,  the  male  progeny  were  not  so 
good.  Carbonel  was  a  showyard  rival  of  the  great 
Sir  Benjamin  (1387).*  The  Grove  (1764),  a  son  of 
Sir  David,  was  also  on  hire  for  one  season  from  his 
breeder,  B.  Eogers,  and  left  some  choice  bulls  in- 
cluding Adforton  (1839),  sold  to  Mr.  Edwards  of 
Wintercott,  a  Eoyal  winner  in  a  great  class  at  Wor- 
cester. 

The  farm  of  Adforton  was  taken  in  1861  on  the 
death  of  Mrs.  Tudge's  brother,  Mr.  Longmore,  and 
it  was  here  that  the  herd  acquired  its  greatest  fame. 
Another  of  The  Grove  bulls,  Pilot  (2156),  developed 
into  a  sire  of  prize-takers,  such  as  the  noted  cow 
Lady  Adfortonf  and  the  Eoyal  prize  bull  Stanway 

"Carbonel,  like  Sir  Benjamin  (1387),  was  passed  over  at  Canter- 
bury, but  at  Hereford  three  months  later  they  were  first  and  sec- 
ond, and  in  two  first-class  bulls  a  greater  contrast  was  rarely 
seen — Sir  Benjamin  with  his  wonderful  scale,  depth  and  weight 
of  natural  flesh,  but  not  equal  to  his  rival  over  the  blades  and 
chine,  and  general  neatness,  for  Carbonel  was  a  perfect  model  of 
a  bull,  so  far  as  he  went,  but  lacked  the  size  of  Sir  Benjamin. 
The  remark  was  often  heard  at  the  time,  "What  a  splendid  ani- 
mal could  be  made  out  of  the  two,"  an  observation  which  was 
well  verified  in  Lord  Wilton  (4740),  for  he  possessed  their  blood 
twice  over  combined. 

tA  wonderfully  good  cow  was  this  Lady  Adforton.  She  stood 
second  to  the  extraordinary  Queen  of  the  Lilies  at  two  Royal 
shows,  and  was  by  Pilot  (2156),  a  son  of  The  Grove  (1764),  Sir 
David's  son,  very  big  in  her  forehand  and  with  an  exceptionally 
prominent  brisket.  And  thereby  hangs  a  tale.  The  morning  aft- 
er the  return  from  the  Royal,  the  show  cattle  were  turned  out 
into  a  meadow  just  below  the  house  at  Adforton.  During  the 
breakfast  hour  there  was  an  alarming  scare.  A  small  farmer 


SOME   ENGLISH   BREED-BUILDERS  -95 

(2790).  A  daughter  of  the  latter,  Silver  Star,  swept 
all  England  for  a  time,  and  was  sold  for  export  to 
Australia. 

The  Adforton  show  string  had  wonderful  success 
in  1869,  and  in  1874  the  great  pair  of  bull  calves 
Eegulator  and  Lord  Wilton  were  sent  into  the  lists. 
These  two  prodigies  were  got  by  Sir  Roger  (4133), 
son  of  Sir  Thomas  (2228),  bred  by  B.  Eogers.  Eegu- 
lator beat  his  stable  companion  at  the  Bath  and  West 
and  also  at  the  Eoyal,  but  nearer  home,  at  Leomin- 
ster  and  Ludlow,  Lord  Wilton  was  preferred.* 

Eegulator  was  sold  to  go  to  New  Zealand,  and  Lord 
Wilton  lived  to  almost  revolutionize  the  Hereford 
type  in  point  of  head  and  horn  refinement. 

This  herd  was  sold  in  September,  1877,  and  lead- 
ing breeders  gladly  availed  themselves  of  the  oppor- 
tunity to  possess  themselves  of  the  blood  that  had 
produced  so  many  of  the  finest  Herefords  the  world 
had  yet  seen.  Still  prices  were  not  yet  on  a  high 

about  60  years  of  age  came  running-  up  all  out  of  breath  telling1 
Mr.  Tudge,  who  responded  to  his  call,  "one  of  your  best  cows  is 
swelled  in  front  something  enormous,  and  will  be  dead  directly 
unless  something  can  be  done  to  save  her."  All  hands  ran  out 
into  the  meadow  when  it  developed  that  it  was  only  Lady  Ad- 
forton's  big  brisket  that  had  started  the  trouble.  Needless  to 
say,  Bridgewater,  the  small  farmer,  never  forgot  nor  heard  the 
last  of  that  episode.  Lady  Adforton  was  the  grandam  of  Lord 
Wilton. 

*Speaking  of  Lord  Wilton  and  Regulator,  Mr.  William  Tudge, 
Jr.,  says:  "After  Regulator's  departure  to  New  Zealand,  '  Lord 
Wilton  had  nothing  else  to  fear,  and  took  first  at  the  Bath  and 
West  at  Croydon,  the  R.  A.  S.  E.  at  Taunton,  and  the  H.  A.  S.  at 
Hereford  in  1875,  and  then  went  to  Mr.  Lewis  Lloyd's  at  Monks 
Orchard,  having  been  sold  by  telegram  at  the  Croydon  meeting. 
It  is  a  singular  thing  that  the  only  times  Lord  Wilton  was  ever 
beaten  in  his  class  (when  fit  to  show)  was  by  Regulator  and  Reg- 
ulus,  both  nearly  related  to  himself,  being  by  Sir  Roger  and  of 
the  favorite  Beauty  blood,  as  was  also  Marmion  (3242),  the  sire  of 
his  dam,  Lady  Claire." 

Regulator's  dam,  Belladonna,  produced  twins  in  January,  1883, 
a  heifer  in  January,  1884,  and  in  1885,  at  the  age  of  15  years,  twin 
heifers. 


96  A   HISTORY   OP    HEREFORD    CATTLE 

plane  and  values  were  moderate.  The  Royal  show 
cow  Rosebud,  by  Sir  Thomas,  made  155  guineas  to 
Mr.  Arkwright  of  Hampton  Court,  who  called  her 
"perfection."  Lord  Coventry  bought  for  140 
guineas  the  famous  cow  Giantess,  which  afterwards 
carried  Royal  honors  and  gave  birth  to  the  noted 
twins,  Good  Boy  and  Golden  Treasure.  Giantess 
was  at  one  time  called  the  best  cow  of  any  breed  in 
England.  The  best  bulls  made  up  to  175  guineas, 
but  the  109  head  of  all  ages  averaged  only  £37. 

Benjamin  Rogers.— Wales  did  a  lot  for  Here- 
fordshire. About  the  year  1833  one  Benjamin  Rog- 
ers began  breeding  the  Herefords  on  the  farm  of 
Doluggan  in  Radnorshire,  adjoining  Monaughty, 
the  home  of  the  elder  Rea,  subsequently  removing 
to  The  Grove,  Pembridge,  which  he  made  for- 
ever famoTis  in  the  annals  of  the  breed.  He  recog- 
nized first  of  all  the  rare  merit  of  the  blood  of  Hew- 
er 's  old  Sovereign,  his  first  stock  bull  being  Sov- 
ereign 2d  (1739).  He  was  followed  by  Charity 
(375)  of  Jeffries  breeding,  got  by  Byron  (440), 
dam  by  Sovereign  (404).  Then  followed  a  succes- 
sion of  sires  of  Hewer,  Jeffries,  Tully,  Yeld  and 
other  noted  strains  until  in  1855  he  sent  his  Pretty- 
maid  2d  to  Mr.  Turner's  at  The  Noke  to  be  bred  to 
Sir  David  (349),  the  progeny  being  the  celebrated 
Sir  Benjamin  (1387);  but  unfortunately  for  his 
breeder  this  great  bull  was  sold  at  an  early  age  to 
Mr.  Rea  as  already  detailed.  He  had  sired  Boling- 
broke  (1883),  however,  before  going  to  Westonbury, 


SOME   ENGLISH   BREED-BUILDERS  97 

a  bull  picked  up  by  Mr.  Turner  of  The  Leen,  that 
gave  good  promise  of  what  was  to  follow.  Mr. 
Eogers  made  haste  to  recover  the  blood,  first  by 
buying  from  Mr.  Eea  his  famous  show  bull  Sir 
Richard  (1724),  Royal  winner  at  Leeds  in  1861,  a 
son  of  Sir  Benjamin,  and  afterward  acquiring  Sir 
Thomas  (2228),  by  Sir  Benjamin,  at  the  then  long 
price  of  £409/10s.  This  bull  was  bought  at  the 
dispersion  sale  of  Mr.  Monkhouse  of  The  Stow 
in  1866.  He  had  been  shown  with  his  get  with 
great  success,  was  at  that  time  six  years  old 
and  proved  a  cheap  bull  at  the  price,  leaving  at  The 
Grove  "a  collection  of  magnificent  stock. " 

Sir  Thomas  Described. — Sir  Thomas  was  un- 
doubtedly the  best  of  all  Sir  Benjamin's  sons,  and 
was  described  by  that  gifted  writer  on  British  cat- 
tle breeding,  the  late  William  Housman,  as  follows : 

"Sir  Thomas  has  a  noble  broad  true  bull's  head, 
with  the  sort  of  horns,  well  set  and  strong,  which 
usually  accompany  a  robust  constitution.  His  length 
is  very  great,  although  said  to  be  not  equal  to  that 
of  his  sire  Sir  Benjamin.  Judging  from  the  portrait 
of  the  latter  (one  in  Mr.  Rogers'  possession  by  Mr. 
Quintin  of  Hereford),  we  should  say  that  if  the  sire 
surpassed  the  son  in  length,  he  gained  it  between  the 
arm  and  the  breast-end,  for  Sir  Benjamin  seems  to 
have  been  enormous  there,  and  we  can  scarcely 
imagine  a  longer  middle  than  that  of  Sir  Thomas 
without  the  accompaniment  of  a  slack  back,  which 
Sir  Thomas'  strong  loin  provides  against  in  his 
case.  His  hindquarters  are  wonderful  for  deep  and 
level  accumulation  of  flesh.  Of  a  placid,  gentle  dis- 
position, he  has  just  enough  of  the  pride  of  bull- 


98  A   HISTORY   OF    HEREFORD    CATTLE 

.  hood  in  him  to  make  him  arch  his  grand  neck,  slight- 
ly bend  his  head,  look  askance,  and  snort  once  or 
twice  as  a  stranger  approaches  him.  This  sets  off 
his  form  splendidly." 

Mr.  Eogers  evidently  had  a  genius  for  cattle 
breeding.  He  now  sent  one  of  his  best  Sir  Thomas 
cows,  Blossom,  to  be  bulled  by  Horace  (3877) — re- 
sult, The  Grove  3d.  Hereford  history  contains  the 
names  of  few  greater  breeding  bulls  than  "Old 
Grove,"  as  he  was  familiarly  known  in  his  declin- 
ing years.  After  fairly  flooding  the  great  show 
yards  of  England  with  his  mellow,  rich-fleshed  prog- 
eny, he  was  bought  by  Mr.  Culbertson  for  importa- 
tion to  America,  as  will  be  detailed  further  on.  His 
bulls  out  of  Spartan  dams  were  a  wonderful  lot. 

Assurance,  bred  by  T.  J.  Carwardine  of  Stockton- 
bury,  was  another  good  breeding  bull  bought  and 
used  at  The  Grove.  He  was  the  sire  among  other 
capital  animals  of  that  sturdy  old  bull  Tregrehan 
(6232),  that  also  came  to  America  and  in  the  hands 
of  the  late  William  S.  Vannatta  acquired  great  repu- 
tation. 

Mr.  Eogers  was  not  afraid  to  " double  up"  a  good 
thing,  and  in  Charity  4th  (7480),  by  The  Grove  3d 
out  of  Daisy  by  Sir  Thomas,  he  concentrated  still 
further  some  of  his  favorite  blood.  He  was  unques- 
tionably one  of  the  ablest  cattle  breeders  of  his  time, 
and  the  breed  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic  *was  the 
richer  as  a  result  of  his  long  and  successful  labors. 

The  Prices  of  Court  House. — So  far  as  we  know, 
Edward  and  his  son  John  Price,  of  Court  House, 


Copyright  photo  by 


EDWARD  PRICE  OF  COURT  HOUSE. 


100  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Pembridge,  were  not  related  to  John  of  Ryall,  the 
great  disciple  of  Ben  Tomkins. 

Edward  Price's  herd  was  anchored  largely  in 
Hewer,  Yarmouth  and  Jeffries  blood.  He  had  the 
good  judgment  to  acquire  Sir  David  (349),  and  the 
famous  bull,  as  already  mentioned,  made  a  grand 
impress.  Another  Eoyal  prize  bull  used  was  Con- 
ingsby  (718),  and  his  get  were  also  good.  Then 
came  Sir  David's  son  Pembridge  (721),  that  was 
first  at  the  Royal  in  1852.  Magnet  (823)  of  Mr. 
Yeld's  breeding  was  also  used  and  shown  with  suc- 
cess. In  fact,  Edward  Price  was  a  constant  exhibi- 
tor at  the  national  shows  for  some  years,  and  car- 
ried back  to  Court  House  trophies  galore  in  testi- 
mony of  the  excellence  of  his  cattle. 

John  Price  earned  his  title  to  fame  as  the  discov- 
erer and  rescuer  from  the  butcher  of  the  bull  Horace 
(3877),  one  of  the  latter-day  breed-makers.  Mr. 
Price  had  gone  out  to  Australia  for  a  time,  but  re- 
turning to  the  old  home  on  the  banks  of  the  Arrow, 
he  picked  up  as  much  of  the  old  Court  House  blood 
as  could  be  secured  and  began  breeding.  We  quote 
from  Macdonald  and  Sinclair  as  to  his  reason  for 
selecting  Horace  as  a  sire : 

"He  considered  that  breeders  at  home,  while  they 
had  unquestionably  improved  the  form  and  style  of 
the  Heref  ords,  had  done  so  somewhat  at  the  expense 
of  the  thick  mellow  skin  and  beautiful  hair  which  he 
had  been  taught  to  regard  as  essential  features  of 
the  breed.  The  animal  in  which  he  believed  he  per- 
ceived the  means  of  strengthening  these  important 
points  was  Horace  (3877),  calved  in  1867,  bred  by 


102  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Mr,  J.  jPavies/jRvesjtoii  Court.  Mr.  Price  had  studied 
the  breeding  of  this  bull,  and  had  marked  his  char- 
acter. He  found  that  through  Shamrock  2d  (2210), 
of  his  father's  breeding,  Horace  inherited  a  large 
share  of  the  best  Court  House  blood,  Shamrock  2d's 
sire  being  by  Goldfinder  2d,  his  dam  by  Magnet  2d 
(989),  a  son  of  Magnet  (823),  and  his  grandam  by 
Pembridge  (721),  a  son  of  Sir  David  (349),  a  rare 
combination  of  prize  strains.  Shamrock  2d  was  the 
sire  of  Horace's  sire  and  dam.  It  was  on  this  bull 
that  Mr.  Price  staked  his  fortunes,  and  if  his  father 
had  been  successful  in  his  choice  of  Sir  David,  cer- 
tainly the  present  proprietor  of  the  herd  can  con- 
gratulate himself  that  he  was  equally  fortunate 
when  he  saved  Horace  from  the  butcher's  block.  The 
characteristics  on  account  of  which  he  was  selected 
by  Mr.  Price  have  become  strongly  impressed  upon 
his  offspring,  and  his  rare  wealth  of  flesh  and  mag- 
nificent quality  are  carried  through  successive  gen- 
erations." 

Horace  was  sold  in  his  ninth  year  for  £500  to  Mr. 
Frederick  Platt  of  Barnby  Manor,  in  whose  posses- 
sion he  died.  In  point  of  prepotency  it  is  doubtful  if 
there  is  record  of  a  more  impressive  sire,  his  individ- 
uality being  transmitted  with  extraordinary  cer- 
tainty. He  truly  lived  again  in  his  greatest  son  The 
Grove  3d,  already  mentioned  and  to  be  referred  to 
further  in  these  pages,  for  if  the  published  portraits 
of  the  sire  are  at  all  accurate  the  son  was  a  true  chip 
off  the  old  block.  The  fame  of  Horace  was  still 
further  enhanced  by  such  other  sons  as  Horatius 
(5390),  Horace  2d  (4655)  and  Horace  4th  (6490). 
Speaking  of  the  latter,  a  critic  who  saw  him  as  a 


104  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

three-year-old  the  year  lie  won  first  at  the  Royal 
at  Reading  for  Mr.  Platt  in  1882  said : 

"Horace  4th,  by  Horace  (3877),  a  sire  remarkable 
for  an  extraordinary  faculty  or  unvarying  ability  to 
impress  upon  his  offspring  his  own  characteristics, 
and  to  impart  to  his  immediate  progeny  the  power 
to  further  reproduce  them,  probably  owed  to  the 
male  parent  the  particular  merits  which  brought  him 
into  the  first  place  of  honor  at  Reading.  However 
good,  however  distinct  in  excellence  the  dam  might 
be,  the  stock  of  Horace  (so  far  as  the  contributor  of 
these  notes  has  been  able  to  observe  and  to  learn) 
always  bore  the  mark  and  developed  the  special  style 
of  that  sire." 

At  the  Smithfield  show  of  1883  a  three-year-old 
son  of  Horace,  flying  the  colors  of  Her  Majesty  the 
Queen,  captured  the  championship.  This  steer  the 
Queen  had  acquired  of  Mr.  Platt  for  the  sum  of  £100 
and  for  the  express  purpose  of  winning  the  coveted 
purple. 

Mr.  Price  meantime  bought  from  Stephen  Robin- 
son of  Lynhales*  the  Tudge-bred  Regulus  (4076), 
half-brother  to  Lord  Wilton  and  a  bull  of  outstand- 
ing merit.  He  traced  straight  back  by  way  of  Sir 
Thomas  and  Sir  Benjamin  to  Sir  David.  His  get 
were  usually  distinguished  for  "grandly-sprung  ribs 
and  thick  loins. "  Regulus  nicked  well  with  the 
Horace  blood  at  Court  House,  one  of  the  fruits  of 
that  union  being  the  handsome  Hotspur  (7028),  the 

*One  of  Robinson's  cows  bred  to  old  Horace  produced  Horatius 
(5390),  a  bull  that  left  good  stock.  Mr.  Robinson  used  a  lot  of 
valuable  sires,  including  Sir  Thomas  (2129),  Luxury  (3233),  Regu- 
lus (4076),  Horatius,  Highland  Laird  (7015),  Rose  Stock  (6651),  etc. 
Much  good  stock  of  Lynhales  origin  came  to  the  United  States. 


SOME    ENGLISH    BREED-BUILDERS  105 

Eoyal  winner  of  1885  at  Preston.  Hotspur's  dam 
was  by  Horace  2d,  and  his  own  brother  Hero  (5964) 
was  imported  to  America  for  the  account  of  Mr. 
William  Constable  of  Beecher,  111.  He  won  great 
renown  in  the  west  as  a  show  bull,  gaining  high 
honors  on  several  occasions  in  competition  with 
bulls  of  all  breeds.  Hotspur  with  his  two  famous 
daughters,  Venus  and  Dowager,  won  a  prize  at  the 
Bath  and  West  of  England  Show  as  a  family  group 
against  20  competing  entries  of  different  breeds.  The 
Wilton  blood  was  still  further  introduced  at  Court 
House  through  the  use  of  Monarch  (7858),  also  a 
Royal  winner,  one  of  the  best  sons  of  the  old  bull. 
Monarch  was  the  result  of  Mr.  Carwardine's  mating 
the  cow  Bella  with  Lord  Wilton.  At  ten  months  he 
was  sold  to  Mr.  Price  at  what  was  reputed  to  be  the 
highest  sum  ever  paid  for  a  Hereford  of  that  age, 
and  eight  months  later  Mr.  Price  refused  £1,000  for 
him  from  exporters. 

John  Price  was  not  only  a  great  breeder  but  a 
successful  feeder  of  Christmas  bullocks  as  well.  He 
was  twice  winner  of  the  Elkington  Challenge  Cup 
at  Birmingham  Fat  Stock  Show,  and  at  the  time  of 
the  author's  visit  to  Court  House  in  the  summer  of 
1900,  the  old  veteran  had  a  string  of  good  thick 
steers  in  training  for  exhibition  purposes. 

Mr.  John  Hill's  Comment  on  Horace. — It  is  diffi- 
cult to  exaggerate  the  value  of  the  impress  made 
upon  the  English  Heref  ords  by  Horace  and  his  most 
famous  son,  and  we  feel  warranted  therefore  in  pre- 
senting the  following  commentary  upon  the  old  bull, 


106  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

prepared  at  the  author's  request  by  the  veteran 
English  breeder,  Mr.  John  Hill,  whose  fund  of 
knowledge  concerning  the  cattle  of  their  day  is  un- 
excelled : 

"Horace  was  calved  May  1,  1867;  sire  Frugal- 
ity (1997),  dam  Lady  by  Shamrock  2d  (2210); 
grandam  Young  Lady  by  Cholstrey  (1918) ;  great- 
grandam  Lady  by  Young  Quicksilver.  Shamrock  2d 
was  purchased  as  a  yearling  by  Henry  Gibbons  of 
Hampton  Bishop  as  a  bull  possessing  all  the  points 
he  wanted  in  a  sire  for  his  own  herd.  He  was  bred 
by  E.  Price  of  The  Court  House  (the  father  of  John 
Price,  so  closely  associated  with  Horace  blood  in 
later  years),  and  had  two  such  noted  bulls  in  his 
pedigree  as  Pembridge  (721)  and  his  sire  Sir  David 
(349),  both  Eoyal  winners,  the  latter  being  one  of 
the  greatest  of  all  Hereford  sires.  It  is  said,  and 
I  believe  on  the  best  authority  and  by  one  who  knew 
Shamrock  2d  well,  that  he  was  not  by  any  means  a 
typical  sire  in  appearance  and  'was  unquestionably 
an  in-and-in  bred  bull  in  general  appearance/  but 
that  he  had  an  '  excellent  underline  and  was  good 
through  the  heart,  full  and  deep  in  both  fore  and 
hind  flank,'  and  that  'no  bull  perhaps  had  neater  or 
truer  hindquarters.  His  coat  was  very  dark,  but 
soft  as  silk  and  an  abundance  of  it.' 

"There  was  a  strong  infusion  of  Pembridge  blood 
in  Shamrock  2d,  which  appears  to  have  had  great  in- 
fluence on  his  grandson  Horace  and  passed  on  so 
successfully  to  his  produce.  Pembridge  'had  droop- 
ing horns,  slightly  tipped  with  black,  and  very  prom- 
inent eyes.'  I  mention  these  particulars  because  it 
is  interesting  to  follow  the  character  of  this  bull's 
descendants  which  inherited  all  the  concentrated 
prepotent  force  of  this  well  bred  sire,  and  by  which 


SOME   ENGLISH    BREED-BUILDERS  107 

the  Horace  strain  of  blood  has  been  so  largely  rec- 
ognized. Before  leaving  the  pedigree  of  Lady,  the 
dam  of  Horace,  it  is  worth  reporting  that  through 
such  bulls  as  Sir  Andrew  and  The  Knight,  both  of 
which  were  well  known  prize-winners  in  their  day, 
the  pedigree  of  this  cow  can  be  traced  back  to  Wel- 
lington (4),  whose  picture  is  given  in  Vol.  1  of  the 
herd  book,  was  bred  by  Benjamin  Tomkins  in  1808 
and  'considered  by  him  the  best  stock-getter  he  ever 
bred,  his  Silver  Bull  (41)  excepted.' 

"The  same  authority  from  which  I  have  above 
quoted  describes  Frugality  as  a  'bull  of  fair  size, 
short  on  the  leg,  thick  and  square  in  build. '  His  name 
was  given  him  by  his  breeder,  Mr.  Gibbons,  '  because 
of  the  calf  having  remarkable  thickness  of  flesh  and 
being  such  a  rare  thrifty  fellow  to  keep  himself.'  It 
will  be  noticed  that  the  sire  and  dam  of  Horace  were 
by  the  same  sire,  Shamrock  2d,  and  therefore  half- 
brother  and  sister,  so  that  the  concentrated  blood  in 
that  bull  was  all  the  more  powerful  in  Frugality, 
and  was  undoubtedly  passed  on  to  Horace  and  his 
descendants. 

"John  Price  of  The  Court  House  saw  in  Horace 
the  making  of  a  great  sire,  and  in  his  hands,  al- 
though not  a  show  bull  himself,  Horace  made  his 
reputation  by  his  stock  carrying  all  before  them  both 
at  the  fat  stock  and  breeding  shows.  In  1876  Mr. 
Price's  exhibition  of  young  animals  by  him  was  so 
remarkable  that  Mr.  Platt  of  Barnby  Manor  gave 
£500  for  him.  At  the  Bath  and  West  of  England  show 
in  that  year  no  less  than  ten  of  his  sons  and  daugh- 
ters won  prizes  and  honorable  mention.  The  old 
bull  continued  his  successful  career  as  a  sire  until 
he  was  fifteen  years  old,  and  at  that  advanced  age 
the  butcher  who  slaughtered  him  remarked  that  he 
'did  not  want  to  kill  any  better.'  " 


108  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Monkhouse  of  The-  Stow. — No  reference  to  those 
rare  old  worthies,  who,  by  their  keen  delight  in  the 
improvement  of  their  live  stock  did  so  much  to  pro- 
mote the  improvement  of  the  local  breed,  would  be 
complete  without  special,  mention  of  Monkhouse  of 
The  Stow.  Originally  from  Cumberland,  he  early 
displayed  a  fondness  for  Leicester  sheep  and  good 
cattle,  and  in  the  face  of  a  great  physical  affliction 
arose  to  prominence  as  one  of  the  best  breeders  of 
his  day  in  England.  He  made  the  acquaintance  of 
John  Price  of  Ryall,  who  doubtless  influenced  him 
in  his  original  purchases,  but  unfortunately  while 
yet  in  his  prime  he  became  totally  blind.  However, 
he  did  not  permit  this  affliction  to  overcome  his 
interest  in  stock-breeding.  On  the  contrary,  he  went 
steadily  ahead  with  the  Herefords.  He  is  supposed 
to  have  commenced  about  1840.  In  later  years  he 
came  to  rely  largely  upon  his  neighbor,  Mr.  Eea 
of  Monaughty,  from  whom  he  purchased  several 
bulls  in  succession,  including  the  afterwards  famous 
Sir  Thomas  (2228).  This  bull  was  still  in  service  in 
the  herd  at  the  time  of  the  death  of  Mr.  Monkhouse 
in  1866,  when  the  cattle  were  dispersed.  While  Mr. 
Monkhouse  could  not  use  his  eyes  he  evidently  used 
his  hands  to  good  effect,  for  it  is  recorded  that  his 
cows  were  "exquisite  in  their  touch,  but  wanted 
scale. "  As  Sir  Thomas  was  very  large,  the  motive 
of  the  blind  veteran  in  introducing  that  bull  into 
the  herd  was  undoubtedly  to  increase  the  weight  of 
his  cattle.  Sir  Thomas  was  purchased  at  this  sale 
by  Ben  Eogers  at  around  $2,000.  Speaking  of  the 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustln 
J.    MONKHODSE,    THE    BLIND    BREEDER    OF    "THE    STOW." 


110  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

work  of  Mr.  Monkhouse,  the  auctioneers  in  announc- 
ing the  dispersion  sale  paid  him  this  tribute : 

"His  fame  was  not  local,  but  national,  finding  its 
way  into  every  corner  of  the  British  Isles,  where 
intellect  and  knowledge  have  been  directed  to  the 
great  interest  of  agriculture,  and  recording  itself 
by  numerous  brilliant  successes  on  the  pages  of  the 
proceedings  of  the  Royal  Agricultural  Society,  as 
well  as  those  of  the  chief  provincial  cattle  shows  in 
Herefordshire  and  adjoining  counties." 

Lord  Berwick. — The  Cronkhill  cattle  have  numer- 
ous descendants  in  the  American  Herd  Book.  His 
Lordship  first  took  up  breeding  in  1844  with  Knight 
greys  procured  from  Salwey,  but  the  trend  towards 
the  white  face  was  setting  in  so  heavily  that  he 
turned  to  Jeffries  and  Hewer  blood.  He  had  from 
John  Hewer  the  bull  Wonder  (420),  that  sired  one 
of  the  showyard  cracks  of  his  day,  Albert  Edward 
(859).  A  little  later  he  secured  the  famous  Wai- 
ford  (871),  that  became  the  gold  medal  bull  of  the 
Paris  International  Show  of  1855  over  all  breeds, 
beside  being  a  great  winner  in  Great  Britain  and 
celebrated  widely  as  a  sire  of  prize-winners. 

The  Herefords  were  fortunate  then  as  now  in  the 
liberty  allowed  their  breeders  in  the  selection  of 
sires.  Merit  was  first  and  pedigree  secondary.  The 
great  Walford  was  succeeded  at  Cronkhill  by  the 
even  more  renowned  Sir  David  (349),  as  already 
noted. 

The  Cronkhill  herd  was  dispersed  in  1861.  Its 
value  to  the  breed  is  everywhere  conceded,  and  its 


112  A   HISTORY   OF    HEREFORD    CATTLE 

excellence  was  attested  by  a  list  of  27  Royal  prizes 
won  with  33  entries. 

In  '  *  Saddle  and  Sirloin, ' '  Mr.  H.  H.  Dixon  writes  : 
"We  could  not  pass  Shrewsbury  without  seeing 
Lord  Berwick's  Hereford  herd.  At  any  other  tima 
we  should  have  delighted  to  linger  in  those  rich  pas- 
tures to  which  Walford,  Attingham,  Albert  Edward, 
and  Severn  had  lent  so  much  renown,  but  the  shadow 
of  death  was  on  the  house,  and  the  agonies  of  an 
illness  such  as  few  have  borne  were  about  to  re- 
ceive their  grand  relief  at  last.  Farming 
was  not  his  only  delight  when  in  health.  He  loved 
to  rear  the  choicest  fowls  and  drive  the  best  Ameri- 
can trotters,  and  he  made  a  rifle  at  his  forge  which 
one  of  our  first  makers,  in  ignorance  as  to  its  origin, 
pronounced  to  be  nearly  faultless.  He  had  suc- 
ceeded to  an  incumbered  estate,  and  knowing  how 
to  ' scorn  delight,  and  live  laborious  days,'  he  had 
the  courage  to  be  .content  with  his  little  home  at 
Cronkhill  instead  of  his  stately  hall  at  Attingham, 
and  accomplish  the  purpose  of  his  life,  to  leave  a. 
clear  inheritance  for  those  who  were  to  come  after." 

Taylor  of  Showle  Court. — William  Taylor  was  for 
many  years  "in  the  money"  at  the  national  shows. 
He  bred  the  bull  Longhorns  (4711),  that  scored  such 
great  success  as  a  sire  in  the  herd  of  Mr.  Carwar- 
dine.  The  celebrated  Anxiety  (5188),  that  probably 
made  a  greater  impression  upon  the  breed  in  Amer- 
ica than  any  other  one  animal  ever  imported,  was  by 
Longhorns,  and  the  cows  left  to  his  cover  at  Stock- 
tonbury  proved  remarkable  mothers.  Another  great 
bull  bred  by  Mr.  Taylor  was  Tredegar  (5077),  that 
won  £379  in  prizes,  including  a  championship  over 


SOME   ENGLISH   BREED-BUILDERS  113 

all  breeds  at  the  Bath  and  West  of  England  Show 
of  1875.  He  was  called  one  of  the  best  bulls  the 
breed  had  produced,  and  sold  privately  at  a  reported 
price  of  300  guineas.  Both  Tredegar  and  Long- 
horns  were  got  by  Mercury  (3692),  and  still  a  third 
bull  of  note,  Thoughtful  (5063),  was  by  the  same 
sire.  The  Tredegar  cow  Lancashire  Lass  won 
premier  honors  at  the  Kilburn  International  Show 
of  1879  and  at  Smithfield  the  same  year. 

A  large  portion  of  the  herd  at  Showle  was  de- 
scended from  two  cows  bought  at  the  Hazel  sale  near 
Ledbury  about  1822.  Cows  were  also  bought  from 
Jeffries,  Carpenter  of  Eardisland  (near  Pembridge), 
and  other  herds  of  good  repute.  Within  a  period  of 
eight  years,  when  training  for  show  was  being  regu- 
larly followed  up  by  Mr.  Taylor,  his  fine  cattle  gained 
no  less  than  150  prizes,  and  specimens  of  his  breed- 
ing have  been  imported  freely  into  North  and  South 
America  as  well  as  into  Australia. 

Wintercott. — Thomas  Edwards  of  Wintercott  in- 
herited his  father's  herd  in  1840  when  he  was  but 
17  years  of  age,  and  although  he  died  at  47  all 
Britain  resounded  at  one  time  with  the  fame  of  his 
marvelously  perfect  show  cow  Leonora,  thrice  first 
at  the  Eoyal  Shows  in  1870,  1874  and  1875  at  Hull, 
Bedford  and  Taunton.  She  was  champion  at  the  Kil- 
burn International  at  London  and  champion  at 
Smithfield  and  Birmingham  Fat  Stock  Shows — 
drawing  in  all,  £650  into  the  Wintercott  coffers. 

With  the  production  of  this  great  cow  the  breed 


Copyright  photo 
MRS.    EDWARDS    OF    WINTERCOTT. 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustln 
W.   C.    EDWARDS    OF    WINTERCOTT. 


116  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

may  indeed  be  said  to  have  burst  into  full  flower. 
The  cumulative  result  of  a  century  of  devotion  to 
the  evolution  of  a  heavy  flesh-carrying  type  was  in 
her  exemplified  in  startling  fashion.  The  advocates 
of  other  breeds  confessed  now  that  the  Hereford  had 
indeed  "arrived,"  and  America,  the  Shorthorn 
stronghold,  was  beginning  to  take  notice. 

Among  the  first  good  stock-getters  used  at  Winter- 
cott  were  Croft  (937),  Tudge's  Adforton  (1839),  a 
Eoyal  winner,  and  Monkhouse's  Tom  Boy  (354),  by 
Sir  Thomas.  Upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Edwards  the 
herd  was  carried  on  by  Mrs.  Edwards,  assisted  by 
Mr.  Edwards'  nephew,  Mr.  Allen  Edwards  Hughes, 
who  in  1881  came  into  full  possession  of  the  cattle. 
Under  his  management  the  renowned  Grove  3d  bull 
Rudolph  was  acquired  from  Mr.  Turner.  He  was 
one  of  the  celebrities  of  his  day,  and  along  with  his 
noted  sons  Sergeant  Major  (9199)  and  Washington, 
bred  by  Mr.  Hughes,  was  sold  for  shipment  to  Amer- 
ica. His  career  in  the  west  will  be  referred  to  later 
on.  One  of  the  most  noted  breeding  cows  of  her  day 
was  Plum  3d  by  Commander  (4452),  of  the  Winter- 
cott  herd.  She  produced  in  succession  the  bulls 
President  (6111),  imported  by  Hon.  M.  H.  Cochrane, 
Iroquois  by  Lord  Wilton,  sold  to  Mr.  Arkwright,  and 
Washington  by  Rudolph. 

Roberts  of  Ivingtonbury. — Mr.  Roberts  attained 
place  in  the  Hereford  gallery  of  fame  largely 
through  the  production  of  the  bull  Sir  Thomas 
(2228),  heretofore  mentioned  as  one  of  the  premier 
breeding  bulls  of  the  period  first  preceding  the  ad- 


118  A   HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

vent  of  American  buyers.  His  foundation  stock  was 
mainly  of  the.  Tomkins,  Yarmouth,  Weyman, 
Vaughan  and  Galliers  blood.  He  was  regarded  as 
a  breeder  of  exceptional  judgment,  and  when  the 
herd  was  closed  out  in  1865  a  large  number  of  good 
Sir  Thomas  cows  and  heifers  were  scattered  among 
the  best  herds  of  Herefordshire,  proving  in  most 
cases  valuable  acquisitions.  Sir  Thomas  was  the 
result  of  sending  the  cow  Lady  Ann  to  Tom  Kea's 
at  Westonbury  to  be  bred  to  Sir  Benjamin.  In  Oc- 
tober, 1864,  he  was  sold  at  auction  at  Hereford  to 
Mr.  Monkhouse  for  105  guineas. 

Mr.  Eoberts  was  succeeded  in  the  occupancy  of 
the  farm  of  Ivingtonbury  by  Mr.  Samuel  Goode,  who 
purchased  thirteen  females  of  the  Eoberts'  blood. 
He  bred  Herefords  with  success  for  some  twenty 
years,  concentrating  the  Sir  Thomas  blood  by  the 
use  of  the  bulls  Cremorne  (5279)  and  Sir  Henry 
(5597). 

Carwardine. — It  was  at  Stocktonbury,  the  farm 
of  T.  J.  Carwardine,  that  Lord  Wilton  made  his 
mark,  and  it  was  upon  this  same  farm  that  another 
bull,  destined  to  exert  a  powerful  influence  in  Amer- 
ica, was  dropped.  We  refer  to  Anxiety  (5188),  of 
which  bull  and  his  descendants  there  is  much  to  be 
said  further  on. 

The  herd  upon  which  Lord  Wilton  left  such  an  in- 
delible impress  was  founded  in  1863  by  the  purchase 
of  some  daughters  of  Sir  Thomas  from  Mr.  Monk- 
house.  The  following  year  some  cows  and  heifers 
were  added  from  the  stock  of  Mr.  Ashwood  of  Leint- 


120  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

wardine,  and  in  1865  females  were  bought  from  Mr. 
Connop  of  Eardisland.  Others  were  obtained  from 
Messrs.  Middleton  of  Shobden  and  Eawlings  of  Ten- 
bury. 

Among  the  earliest  sires  used  at  Stocktonbury 
were  Counsellor  (1939)  from  Philip  Turner;  Heart 
of  Oak,  from  Eea  of  Monaughty;  De  Cote  (2035), 
from  Edward  of  Wintercott;  Sir  Frank  (2762),  by 
Sir  Eichard,  from  Thomas  Eea  of  Westonbury,  and 
Longhorns  (4711)  from  Taylor  of  Showle  Court. 

Anxiety  (5188).— The  cow  Eegina  by  Heart  of 
Oak,  bred  to  De  Cote,  produced  a  bull  Eodney  (4907) 
and  a  heifer  Helena.  The  former  was  retained  for 
use  in  the  herd.  The  sister  not  only  developed  into 
a  show  cow  but  to  the  cover  of  Longhorns  gave 
birth  to  Anxiety,  that  was  used  some  in  the  herd  be- 
fore his  "sale  for  export  to  the  United  States,  siring, 
before  his  purchase  by  Mr.  Culbertson,  the  bulls 
Anxiety  3d  (4466)  and  Anxiety  4th  (9904),  afterward 
so  celebrated  respectively  in  the  American  herds  of 
Thomas  Clark  and  Gudgell  &  Simpson.  The  far- 
reaching  and  beneficial  effect  of  the  use  of  the 
Anxiety  bulls  in  the  United  States  is  possibly  the 
most  striking  phase  of  Hereford  cattle  breeding  as 
conducted  in  the  middle  west.  They  supplied  the 
showyard  with  champion  cattle  by  the  score,  and 
were  a  prime  factor  in  the  general  refinement  of  the 
breed  type  in  America,  and  particularly  in  the  im- 
provement of  the  hindquarter  worked  out  at  a  sub- 
sequent period  in  the  west. 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustin 
DECOTE    (3060)— From    an    English    sketch. 


ANXIETY  (5188)— From  an  English  sketch. 


122  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

This  influence  of  Anxiety  (5188)  upon  the  breed 
in  the  New  World  renders  the  following  statement 
as  to  the  bull's  ancestry  and  individual  character- 
istics (in  his  earlier  years),  supplied  at  the  author's 
request  by  the  veteran  English  breeder,  Mr.  John 
Hill,  formerly  of  Felhampton  Court,  of  interest: 

"Anxiety  was  well  named — the  owner  of  his  cele- 
brated dam,  Helena,  the  late  Mr.  Carwardine,  of 
Stocktonbury,  had  every  reason  to  be  full  of  anxiety 
before  the  birth  of  the  calf  which  was  to  make  his- 
tory. Helena  was  a  grand  show  heifer  herself,  and 
from  what  I  can  remember  of  her,  excessively  fat. 
Being  in  this  unfavorable  state  for  breeding  it  was 
very  naturally  an  anxious  time  for  Mr.  Carwardine 
that  all  should  go  well  with  so  valuable  an  animal. 
Herefords,  I  believe,  will  breed  and  produce  their 
calves  safely  better  than  the  generality  of  other 
breeds  of  cattle,  and  this  was  no  exception  to  the 
rule. 

* '  Helena  calved  all  right,  and  the  bull  calf  she  pro- 
duced was  named  Anxiety.  She  had  a  successful 
showyard  career,  and  Anxiety  as  a  calf  at  foot  went 
the  round  of  the  shows  with  his  dam.  There  is  a 
portrait  of  Helena  in  Vol.  10  of  the  English  Herd 
Book,  and  also  of  Anxiety  as  a  yearling,  which  gives 
a  very  fair  idea  of  their  appearance  at  that  time. 
Anxiety  was  to  the  best  of  my  recollection  a  par- 
ticularly level,  good-fleshed,  compact  bull,  with  won- 
derful hindquarters,  but  somewhat  weak  in  his  neck 
and  effeminate  in  his  head  and  horns.  His  eye  was 
bold  and  prominent.  It  did  not  strike  me  at  the  time 
that  he  was  at  all  likely  to  be  an  impressive  sire, 
and  he  was  not  the  type  of  bull  which  we  liked  in 
England,  because  of  his  rather  effeminate  appear- 
ance, but  he  is  just  the  sort  of  animal  which  finds  fa- 


SOME   ENGLISH   BREED-BUILDERS  123 

vor  in  the  American  showyards  of  today.  Time  slips 
quickly  by,  and  one's  memory  is  not  so  good  as  it 
was,  perhaps,  and  looking  back  for  nearly  thirty 
years  one  may  have  forgotten  points  of  an  individ- 
ual animal  in  which  he  had  no  special  interest  at 
the  time.  To  make  sure  I  wrote  to  Arthur  Turner 
of  The  Leen,  the  well  known  Hereford  breeder,  and 
asked  him  for  his  recollections  of  the  appearance  of 
Anxiety.  I  will  quote  his  words  in  confirmation  of 
my  own : 

"  'If  my  memory  serves  me,  he  was  rather  small, 
dark  in  color,  and  without  the  white  mane,  remark- 
ably level  in  hindquarters,  but  rather  light  in  neck 
and  forequarters.  He  had  a  full  eye,  but  rather 
weak  horns.  There  was  nothing  grand  or  masculine 
about  his  appearance.  He  was  a  sire  of  some  first- 
rate  stock  in  America,  and  I  think  he  helped  to  estab- 
lish the  type  of  Hereford  the  Americans  have  gone 
in  for — what  they  term  smooth  cattle. ' 

"Unfortunately,  at  that  time  Mr.  Carwardine  did 
not  trouble  to  record  his  herd  fully  in  the  Hereford 
Herd  Book,  and  as  a  matter  of  fact  Helena  is  the 
only  entry  of  his  females  in  Vol.  10.  If,  however, 
we  examine  the  pedigree  on  the  male  side,  we  find 
she  was  by  De  Cote  (3060),  bred  by  T.  Edwards,  of 
Wintercott,  whose  celebrated  show  herd  was  con- 
tinued after  his  death  by  his  widow,  who  exhibited 
two  of  the  most  remarkable  show  heifers  of  that  day, 
Leonora  and  Beatrice.  Perhaps  Leonora  has  had 
few  superiors  in  the  showring".  This  herd  was  in- 
herited by  its  present  owner,  A.  E.  Hughes  of  Win- 
tercott, whose  name  is  second  to  none  as  an  exhibi- 
tor of  Hereford  cattle.  Anxiety's  sire  was  Long- 
horns  (4711).  This  bull  was  bred  by  the  late  Will- 
iam Taylor  of  Showle  Court,  the  father  of  the  pres- 
ent owner  of  that  old-established  herd,  and  was  by 


124  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

Mercury  (3967),  bred  by  the  late  Philip  Turner,  of 
The  Leen,  father  of  Arthur  Turner,  the  present 
owner  of  that  rightly  world-renowned  herd.  Mer- 
cury was  the  sire  of  Mr.  Taylor's  grand  show  bulls, 
Tredegar  and  Thoughtful. 

"I  always  think  Tredegar  was  quite  one  of  the 
very  grandest  types  of  Hereford  bulls  I  ever  saw. 
He  was  masculine  in  character,  long,  low,  and  deep, 
and  equally  good  at  all  points.  Mercury,  too,  on  his 
dam's  side  came  from  that  excellent  family  which 
was  so  highly  thought  of  at  the  dispersion  of  Philip 
Turner's  cattle,  when  The  Grove  3d  was  sold.  His 
dam  was  Rhodia  by  Subaltern  (2794),  which  was 
also  the  dam  of  the  Royal  winner  Gladys,  which  I 
purchased  as  a  two-year-old  at  that  sale  for  100 
guineas  for  my  own  herd  on  the  advice  of  Philip 
Turner.  His  advice  was  greatly  valued  on  that  oc- 
casion by  the  writer,  who  purchased  considerably  at 
that  sale  and  was  the  last  bidder  for  The  Grove  3d 
himself  before  he  was  knocked  down  to  his.  fortunate 
American  purchaser.  From  this  it  will  be  seen  that 
Anxiety  owes  much  of  his  concentrated  good  blood 
to  the  three  great  herds  of  Philip  Turner  of  The 
Leen,  William  Taylor  of  Showle  Court,  and  T.  Ed- 
wards of  Wintercott." 

Lord  Wilton  (4740).— In  the  light  of  latter-day 
Hereford  history  Mr.  .Carwardine's  purchase  of 
Lord  Wilton,  to  follow  Rodney 'and  Anxiety,  must  be 
pointed  out  as  one  of  the  rarest  bits  of  good  fortune 
of  which  the  story  of  the  breed  has  record.  Mr.  Tudge 
had  sold  the  bull  to  Mr.  Lewis  Lloyd  of  Monk's 
Orchard,  Surrey,  who  had  successfully  shown  good 
bullocks  got  by  him  at  the  Smithfield  Show.  He  was 
taken  to  the  Kilburn  Royal  Show  of  1879,  but  had 


SOME   ENGLISH   BREED-BUILDERS  125 

not  been  held  in  tip-top  form  and  received  only  a 
commendation  at  the  hands  of  the  judges.  It  was 
here  that  Mr.  Carwardine  secured  him,  giving  a  bull 
calf  in  exchange  and  receiving  £5  besides.  He  was 
exhibited  afterwards  by  his  new  owner  at  Lord 
Tredegar's  show  at  Newport  in  1881,  where  he  won 
first  and  championship  against  all  breeds  and  ages 
and  repeated  at  the  same  show  the  following  year. 

So  great  has  been  the  influence  of  Lord  Wilton  up- 
on the  fortunes  of  the -breed  on  both  sides  the  At- 
lantic that  we  feel  warranted  in  reproducing  the  fol- 
lowing interesting  commentary  prepared  for  "The 
Breeder's  Gazette "  by  Mr.  John  Hill,  and  published 
in  the  Holiday  Issue  of  that  journal  for  1900.  We 
quote : 

"The  first  of  his  produce  which  created  some  no- 
tice were  at  the  Royal  at  Derby  in  1881,  when  two 
bulls  and  two  heifers  were  winners  in  their  classes; 
these  were  Sir  Bartle  Frere  and  Romeo,  Henrietta 
and  Venus.*  The  remarkable  uniformity  of  all  his 
produce,  especially  with  regard  to  their  heads  and 
eyes  and  general  character,  drew  much  attention  to 
his  merits  as  a  sire,  and  as  his  stock  continued  to  be 
pushed  forward  at  all  the  leading  shows,  Mr.  Car- 
wardine 's  herd  and  its  constant  successes  became  the 
chief  subject  of  conversation  in  the  Hereford  world, 
both  at  home  and  abroad.  The  purchase  of  such  a 
bull  at  a  time  when  he  was  almost  unknown  is  one 
of  those  fortunate  occurrences  which  is  almost  be- 
yond the  power  of  any  man  to  have  foreseen.  At 
the  same  time  the  greatest  credit  must  be  given  to 

*This  famous  quartette  was  bought  by  Thos.  Clark  for  Messrs. 
Earl  &  Stuart  of  Lafayette,  Ind.,  and  formed  part  of  their  im- 
portation of  1&82. 


126  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

Mr.  Carwardine  in  the  selection,  and  there  is  no 
doubt  he  had  carefully  studied  the  breeding  of  Lord 
Wilton  and  decided  that  it  should  blend  successfully 
with  the  material  he  had  at  Stocktonbury. 

"Although  the  final  brilliant  termination  to  his 
work  was  no  doubt  to  be  attributed  to  his  purchase 
of  Lord  Wilton,  still  the  bulls  which  had  been  pre- 
viously used  must  not  be  lost  sight  of.  Longhorns 
(4711),  from  Mr.  Taylor's  herd  at  Showle  Court,  did 
excellent  service,  many  of  the  cows  by  him  making 
long  prices  at  the  sale.  De  Cote,  from  the  famous 
Wintercott  herd,  was  of  the  greatest  value  in  the 
herd.  The  grand  cow  Verbena  by  him  was  a  capital 
breeder,  many  of  her  produce  going  to  America ;  her 
daughter  Pauline  went  to  Her  Majesty  the  Queen's 
herd  at  Windsor  and  her  grandson  Chippendale  to 
New  Zealand.  Delight  by  Sir  Frank,  dam  by  De  Cote, 
was  bought  at  the  sale  by  Mr.  George  Leigh  for  ex- 
portation to  America  for  150  guineas,  and  her  bull 
calf  by  Mr.  Turner  of  The  Leen  for  185  guineas.  De 
Cote  was  eventually  sold  for  £64/10s./Od.  to  the 
butcher. 

1  i  It  will  be  seen,  then,  that  Mr.  Carwardine 's  herd 
even  before  Lord  Wilton  was  used  was  of  the  high- 
est merit,  and  contained  the  blood  of  the  most  noted 
herds  of  the  past.  Before  leaving  the  subject  I  must 
not  forget  to  mention  the  grand  show  heifer  Helena 
by  De  Cote,  perhaps  one  of  the  best  animals  ever 
bred  at  Stocktonbury.  She  won  all  along  the  line — 
first  at  the  Eoyal  as  a  calf  in  1874  and  first  as  a  cow 
in  1877.  Then  last,  but  not  least,  I  must  mention 
the  noted  bull  Anxiety  (5188),  a  son  of  Helena,  by 
Longhorns,  first  as  a  calf  at  the  Eoyal  in  1877  and 
first  as  a  bull  in  1879  at  Kilburn — the  great  Eoyal 
International  Show — when  he  was  sold  to  go  to 
America  and  his  place  was  taken  by  Lord  Wilton. 


SOME   ENGLISH   BREED-BUILDERS  127 

Perhaps  no  two  transactions  in  live  stock  history  of 
more  importance  were  ever  accomplished  on  the 
same  day  by  one  man,  and  few  that  had  farther 
reaching  influence  on  both  sides  the  Atlantic. 

"The  name  of  Lord  Wilton  was  given  by  Carwar- 
dine  to  his  herd  at  Stocktonbury  before  his  death, 
and  was  on  this  account  adopted  by  the  auctioneers, 
Messrs.  Edwards  and  Weaver,  in  their  descriptive 
announcement  and  sale  catalogues  on  the  occasion 
of  the  dispersion  of  this  remarkable  herd  on  Thurs- 
day and  Friday,  the  28th  and  29th  days  of  August, 
1884.  I  s'ay  remarkable  herd  because  not  only  had 
it  met  with  unprecedented  success  in  the  showyards 
by  winning  144  prizes,  including  25  Eoyal  and  11 
extra  and  champion  prizes,  during  the  ten  years  pre- 
ceding the  sale,  but  from  having  realized  such  prices 
at  the  time  of  its  dispersion  that  makes  it  stand  out 
pre-eminently  as  one  of  the  most  sensational  sales 
of  live  stock  ever  held.  It  may  be  perhaps  conveni- 
ent to  give  a  brief  account  of  the  prices  realized,  and 
then  endeavor  to  point  out  a  few  of  the  causes  which 
led  up  to  this  result  and  the  influence  it  has  had  on 
the  breeding  of  Herefords  during  the  years  which 
followed.  The  first  day's  sale  comprised  49  cows 
with  their  39  calves  and  8  three-year-old  heifers  with 
their  7  calves.  These  were  sold  for  £8,010/9s./0d. 
The  second  day's  sale  realized  £14,977/4s./0d.  The 
averages  by  ages  follow: 

£.  s.  d. 

53  cows    with    53    calves 158  18  11 

14  cows   in   calf    10&  19  6 

37  cows    94  14  9 

54  calves    67  5  2 

18   two-year-old    heifers    163  18  4 

20  yearling-  heifers    117  7  1 

24  bulls    320  10  3 

"The  average  for  183  head  of  cattle  was  £125/9s./ 
lOd.  The  total  amount  of  the  sale  was  £22,987/13s./ 
Od.  The  highest  priced  female  made  310  guineas, 


130  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

the  highest  priced  calf  300  guineas.  Lord  Wilton 
made  3,800  guineas.* 

' '  There  is  no  doubt  that  these  high  prices  were 
the  result  of  many  circumstances,  but  the  primary 
cause  was  unquestionably  the  fact  of  the  marvelous 
impress  which  Lord  Wilton  had  made  upon  the  herd. 
First,  then,  let  us  look  at  causes  which  gave  the 
power  of  this  impress  as  derived  from  his  breeding. 
This  is  his  pedigree:  Lord  Wilton  (4740),  calved 
Aug.  30,  1873;  bred  by  the  late  William  Tudge  of 
Adforton;  sired  by  Sir  Koger  (4133),  dam  Lady 
Claire  by  Marmion  (3242) ;  second  dam  Lady  Ad- 
forton by  Pilot  (2156) ;  third  dam  Lady  Ashford  by 
Carbonel  (1525) ;  fourth  dam  Lady  by  Orleton  (901) ; 
fifth  dam  Lady  by  Nelson  (1021) ;  sixth  darn  Lady 
by  Turpin  (300) ;  seventh  dam  Lady  by  Tully  Bull. 

"The  late  Mr.  William  Tudge  is  acknowledged  to 
have  been  one  of  the  most  successful  and  careful 
breeders  of  his  time,  and  to  have  taken  especial  care 
in  keeping  a  correct  record  of  his  herd.  His  work 
is  still  carried  on  by  his  sons,  whose  herds  stand  in 
the  first  rank  of  the  present  day.  In  turning  up  an 
old  catalogue  I  am  reminded  that  I  was  present  at 
the  dispersion  sale  of  the  late  Mr.  Tudge  at  Adfor- 
ton on  Thursday,  Sept.  20,  1877,  when  on  account  of 
increasing  years  and  ill  health  he  gave  up  the  farm. 
At  the  foot  of  the  page  containing  the  auctioneer's 
remarks  in  the  catalogue  there  is  a  note  stating  that 
1  Mr.  Tudge 's  herd  has  been  awarded  upward  of  two 
hundred  prizes  within  the  last  few  years. '  For  over 
a  half  a  century  the  late  Mr.  Tudge  and  the  late  Mr. 

*Lord  Wilton  was  bid  off  at  this  extraordinary  price  by  a 
Mr.  Vaughan,  said  to  be  representing  an  American  buyer.  He 
also  bought  quite  a  number  of  other  cattle,  but  on  failure  to 
make  good  his  bidding,  the  animals  were  retained  at  Stockton- 
bury  and  at  a  later  date  again  exposed  for  sale,  upon  which 
occasion  Lord  Wilton  was  purchased  for  1,000  guineas  by  Mr. 
Penn  of  Stonebrook  House  and  Wm.  Tudge  of  Leinthall.  The 
bull  died  in  1886. 


SOME   ENGLISH   BREED-BUILDERS  131 

Rea  of  Monaughty  vied  with  each  other  in  friendly 
rivalry  in  the  showyard,  about  equally  dividing  the 
honors.  The  two  herds  were  chiefly  derived  from 
the  same  spring,  and  much  of  the  celebrated  Eea 
blood  was  blended  into  the  Stocktonbury  herd  we 
are  now  considering.  Sir  Roger,  the  sire  of  Lord 
Wilton,  was  largely  used  at  Adf orton,  and  his  stock 
at  the  sale  were  of  very  great  merit  and  realized 
high  prices.  Bannerette  was  purchased  by  that  ex- 
cellent judge  and  Hereford  expert,  Mr.  Thos.  Duck- 
ham,  for  eighty  guineas.  My  note  was:  'A  long 
good  cow,  grand  outline  as  was  ever  put  on  four 
legs;  first  Ludlow  and  Hereford.'  Minuet  by  Sir 
Roger  also  made  80  guineas,  my  note  being:  'Beau- 
tiful cow,  good  and  level  all  over,  grand  back  and 
loin,  capital  thighs,  good  chine,  good  coat,  and  short 
legs.  Received  first  Leominster  and  Hereford/  I 
must  mention  two  more  cows  by  Sir  Roger,  as  I 
think  it  especially  interesting  to  show  that  particu- 
lar merit  was  to  be  seen  in  the  general  produce  of 
Lord  Wilton's  sire.  Giantess,  bought  by  the  Earl  of 
Coventry  for  140  guineas,  was  winner  at  the  Royal 
and  other  shows  and  when  shown  eventually  in  1883 
at  the  Smithfield  Fat  Stock  Show  she  weighed  20 
cwt.,  3  qrs.,  2  Ibs.  My  note  was :  'Best  cow  in  Eng- 
land of  any  breed.'  This  cow  Giantess  was  in  calf 
to  Marechal  Niel  (4760)  when  Lord  Coventry  bought 
her,  and  the  heifer  calf  she  afterwards  produced 
was  the  celebrated  cow  Golden  Treasure,  winner  of 
so  many  Royal  and  other  prizes,  and  which  was  first 
in  the  family  class  at  the  Royal  meeting  at  York. 
Giantess  herself  took  first  prize  in  her  class  at  the 
same  show,  and  first  as  mentioned  above  at  Smith- 
field,  so  my  note  was  not  perhaps  very  far  wrong. 
Ladybird,  by  Sir  Roger,  I  described  as  'a  grand 
cow,  mossy  coat,  rare  wide  hips,  good  loins;  goes 


132  A  HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

back  to  Lady  Adforton  and  Lady  Ashford,  Mr. 
Tudge 's  favorite  strain/  She  made  65  guineas  and 
her  bull  calf  46  guineas.  Here  we  have  a  cow  di- 
rectly akin  in  blood  to  Lord  Wilton,  and  evidence 
that  Mr.  Tudge  considered  it  his  favorite  strain.  If 
further  proof  of  the  value  of  the  Sir  Roger  blood  is 
needed  it  may  be  mentioned  that  Rosebud  was  sold 
to  Mr.  Arkwright  of  Hampton  Court  at  this  sale  for 
155  guineas;  she  was  by  Sir  Thomas  (2228)  and  he 
was  the  sire  of  Sir  Roger.  Going  back  another  gen- 
eration we  find  that  Sir  Thomas  was  by  the  great 
bull  Sir  Benjamin  (1387).  Sir  Thomas  won  first 
at  the  Royal,  and  other  prizes,  while  Sir  Benjamin 
had  for  his  sire  one  of  the  grandest  bulls  in  Here- 
ford history,  the  wonderful  Sir  David  (349),  calved 
in  1845,  and  first  at  the  Newcastle  and  Norwich  meet- 
ings of  the  Royal.  Is  it,  with  such  an  ancestry,  to 
be  wondered  that  Lord  Wilton  had  the  power  of 
transmitting  all  the  good  points  he  himself  pos- 
sessed-and  had  inherited  to  his  offspring!  We  have 
only  considered  the  value  of  his  pedigree  on  the  side 
of  his  sire.  If  we  turn  to  the  female  line  we  shall 
still  find  the  excellent  combination  of  the  same  blood. 
Lord  Wilton's  dam,  Lady  Claire,  was  by  Pilot 
(2156),  which  was  by  The  Grove  (1764),  a  son  of 
Sir  David,  the  sire  and  grandsire  of  Sir  Benjamin 
and  Sir  Thomas,  the  bulls  which  occur  on  the  male 
side  of  the  pedigree. " 

Lord  Wilton  ended  his  days  at  Mr.  Fenn's,  who, 
together  with  Mr.  Tudge,  was  his  last  owner.  Com- 
menting upon  the  close  of  the  old  bull's  career  John 
Hill  said  in  "The  Breeder's  Gazette "  of  Oct.  4, 
1905: 

"I  saw  Lord  Wilton  knocked  down  under  the 
hammer  at  3,800  guineas,  and  I  was  talking  only 


SOME   ENGLISH   BREED-BUILDERS  133 

last  week  to  an  ex-master  of  the  Ludlow  foxhounds 
who  said  that  he  had  given  10  shillings  for  him.  It 
was  a  sporting  ending  for  this  mighty  bull  that  he 
should  be  made  use  of,  after  death,  to  feed  a  crack 
pack  of  hounds." 

The  cow  herd  at  Stocktonbury  at  the  time  of  Lord 
Wilton's  purchase  had  become  homogeneous  in 
blood.  Longhorns,  De  Cote,  Rodney  and  Heart  of 
Oak  appeared  among  the  top  crosses  in  nearly  every 
pedigree.  A  "nick"  with  one  cow  under  such  cir- 
cumstances was  apt  to  mean  a  successful  cross  with 
all.  Lord  Wilton  had,  therefore,  a  capital  founda- 
tion to  work  upon.  When  his  seal  at  length  was 
firmly  set  the  most  famous  Hereford  herd  of  mod- 
ern times  had  been  created.  Like  Horace  and  The 
Grove  3d  he  transmitted  his  individual  peculiarities 
with  extraordinary  certainty,  his  special  "trade- 
mark" being  neat,  drooping,  incurving  horns,  and  a 
refinement  which  up  to  that  time  had  not  been  char- 
acteristic of  the  typical  Hereford. 

Mr.  William  Housman,  who  for  so  many  years 
wrote  so  entertainingly  on  Shorthorn  and  Hereford 
cattle  for  "Bell's  Messenger"  of  London  once  de- 
scribed Lord  Wilton  in  the  following  language : 

"Lord  Wilton  does  not  fill  the  eye  as  an  abso- 
lutely big  bull,  but  he  has  ample  proportionate 
length,  and  like  the  Adforton  bulls  in  general,  a 
robust  character,  the  bone  not  too  heavy  but  made 
to  bear  a  great  weight  of  beef,  and  he  furnishes 
heavily  in  the  fore-flank  and  other  flesh  points.  His 
head  has  plenty  of  width  across  the  upper  part,  not 


134  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

too  much  length  in  the  lower  part.  The  horns  of 
fair  medium  size  for  a  Hereford,  and  of  inward  and 
descending  curve  harmonize  with  the  kindly,  open 
countenance,  and  the  hanging  lap  of  surplus  skin 
gives  masculine  depth  from  ear  to  throat. " 

The  Turners  of  The  Leen.— There  is  a  well 
kept  farm  not  many  miles  from  the  quaint  old  town 
of  Pembridge  that  has  had  much  to  do  with  Here- 
ford history.  It  is  known  as  The  Leen,  the  place 
where  that  remarkable  sire  of  stock  bulls,  The  Grove 
3d,  scored  his  greatest  success. 

Philip  Turner  began  breeding  Herefords  in  1839. 
His  father  and  grandfather  before  him  had  main- 
tained good  herds,  and  with  true  British  steadfast- 
ness of  purpose  Philip  went  on  with  the  work  start- 
ed by  the  grandfather  at  Aymestry  Court  as  early 
as  1780,  and  he  commenced  with  a  dozen  cows  and 
heifers  of  his  father's  own  production.  He  had 
bulls  from  Childs,  Yeld,  Robinson,  Eoberts  and  oth- 
ers of  his  contemporaries,  but  also  made  free  use 
of  certain  "  toppers "  dropped  by  his  own  cows. 
Among  these  were  Provost  (4067),  Spartan  (5009), 
Corsair  (5271)  and  Pirate  (6105).  The  "hit"  of 
his  career,  however,  followed  the  purchase  of  The 
Grove  3d  (5051)  from  his  breeder,  Ben  Eogers  of 
The  Grove. 

The  Grove  3d. — So  intimately  is  the  fame  of  Mr. 
Turner  bound  up  in  his  great  success  with  The 
Grove  3d,  and  so  extensively  was  this  blood  intro- 
duced into  America,  that  we  feel  warranted  in  in- 
troducing at  this  point  a  description  of  the  old  bull 


A .  P.  Turner 


136  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

by  Mr.  Housman,  and  an  account  of  The  Leen  sale 
written  by  John  Hill: 

"The  Grove  3d  was  calved  Nov.  5,  1874.  He 
was  described  by  Mr.  Housman  as  being  *  neither  a 
mean-looking  bull,  nor  a  bull  of  remarkably  noble 
appearance,  ....  but  he  has  a  well-propor- 
tioned frame.  The  bull  is  a  true  male.  The  rise  of 
the  chine-line  over  the  shoulder  top  into  the  crest  of 
the  neck  is  particularly  masculine,  and  the  head, 
not  coarse  nor  heavy,  is  still  a  bull's  head.  In  his 
hind-quarters  he  has  inherited  from  Sir  Thomas  the 
width  immediately  behind  the  hips  and  to  mid-quar- 
ter, but  does  not  end  off  quite  so  squarely  as  Sir 
Thomas  did.  Few  bulls  do.  This  is  generally  a 
heifer's  rather  than  a  bull's  characteristic,  yet  Sir 
Thomas,  who  certainly  could  not  be  charged  with 
want  of  masculine  character,  was  as  an  old  bull 
proportionately  as  wide  and  full  and  square  and 
level  as  a  model  fat  heifer.'  The  Grove  3d  had  'ex- 
traordinary mellowness  of  skin  and  flesh  of  the  best 
kind  and  quality  for  a  stock  sire;  the  kind  that  in- 
creases fast ;  his  very  touch  tells  that  under  moder- 
ate pressure  of  keep  he  would  soon  be  thick- fat/ 
This  is  from  the  pen  of  one  of  the  finest  judges  and 
writers  on  this  subject  and  no  words  of  mine  need 
be  added  to  such  a  splendid  description  of  this  fa- 
mous animal,  except  to  say  how  thoroughly  true  to 
life  the  picture  has  been  drawn. 

"I  will  now  give  a  short  account  of  The  Leen  sale 
at  which  the  famous  bull  was  sold  on  the  dispersion 
of  Philip  Turner's  herd.  Shortly  before  this  sale 
the  reputation  of  The  Grove  3d  had  been  increased 
by  the  important  sale  of  one  of  his  sons,  Rudolph, 
which  George  Morgan,  the  well  known  leviathan  ex- 
porter of  the  day,  bought  for  the  then  large  sum  of 


138  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

700  guineas,  the  highest  price  which  had  been  rea- 
lized for  a  Hereford  bull  up  to  that  date.  Seldom 
had  greater  interest  been  taken  in  a  dispersion  sale, 
and  all  Hereford  men  were  anxious  to  get  one  or 
more  of  the  grand  old  prizewinning  strains  of  Mr. 
Turner's  breeding,  and  especially  the  last  cross  of 
The  Grove  3d,  '  which  had  hit  so  wonderfully  on  the 
Spartan  cows.' 

"  About  1,200  people  assembled  round  the  ring- 
side when  Thomas  Rogers  of  the  firm  of  Rogers  & 
Hamar  commenced  to  sell.  Mr.  Nott  of  Buckton  Park 
gave  200  guineas  for  the  bull  calf  from  Duchess  5th 
by  The  Grove  3d.  Rhodia  2d  (whose  twin-brother 
was  sold  for  a  large  sum  to  Mr.  Burleigh,  United 
States  of  America),  went  to  the  Earl  of  Coventry 
for  160  guineas  and  her  bull  calf,  also  by  The  Grove 
3d,  was  bought  by  George  Forester  for  265  guineas. 
Many  of  the  lots  exceeded  100  guineas  each.  The 
writer  of  these  notes  purchased  five  heifers  by  The 
Grove  3d  for  his  own  herd  at  the  following  prices : 
66,  74,  80,  87  and  110  guineas  each,  the  latter  heifer 
being  Gladys,  one  of  the  Rhodia  family  of  the  fa- 
mous  Moreton  tribe.  The  average  price  for  the 
cows  and  calves  was  £68/10s.  At  this  sale  T.  L. 
Miller  bought  several  of  the  high-priced  animals  for 
his  noted  herd  at  Beecher,  111.  M.  H.  Cochrane,  of 
Hillhurst,  Canada,  was  also  among  the  buyers  from 
across  the  Atlantic.  George  Leigh  and  Mr.  Culbert- 
son,  both  from  the  United  States,  were  large  pur- 
chasers. 

"  After  the  sale  of  the  females  and  bull  calves 
which  were  sucking  their  dams,  of  which  a  brief 
outline  has  been  given,  the  great  event  of  the  day 
took  place.  Discussion  had  been  lively  as  to  what 
price  the  old  bull,  The  Grove  3d,  would  make,  and 
as  to  whether  he  would  stop  in  England  or  cross 


140  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

the  water.  Several  Americans  had  declared  them- 
selves anxious  to  obtain  him,  and  it  was  known  also 
that  as  many  breeders  desired  to  retain  his  services 
at  home.  I  shall  give  the  account  of  the  contest  for 
him — in  the  words  of  a  local  newspaper  published 
OIL  Sept.  10 — four  days  after  the  sale : 

"  'The  chief  lot  in  the  catalogue  was  The  Grove 
3d,  and  for  the  possession  of  this  grand  bull  there 
was  pretty  keen  competition.  .  .  .  The  bidding 
commenced  at  200  guineas,  and  loud  cheers  rent  the 
air  when  Mr.  Culbertson  made  a  bid  of  670  guineas; 
there  was  fresh  cheering  when  this  sum  was  in- 
creased to  700  guineas,  and  again  when  it  went  up 
to  710,  this  being  10  guineas  beyond  the  highest  re- 
corded price  ever  obtained.  When  this  was  aug- 
mented to  800  guineas  the  enthusiasm  became  very 
great,  and  cries  of  "Go  it,  England  !M  were  raised  as 
that  sum  was  bid  by  Mr.  Dearman  Edwards  and  Mr. 
Hill  of  Felhampton  Court  (the  writer  of  these 
notes).  When  he  was  finally  knocked  down  to  Mr. 
Culbertson  for  exportation  there  was  yet  another 
burst  of  cheering,  although  many  present  expressed 
their  regret  that  so  fine  an  animal  should  be  allowed 
to  leave  the  country/ 

"The  sum  realized  for  this  celebrated  bull  was 
810  guineas,  and  after  retaining  him  in  his  own  herd 
for  some  time  Mr.  Culbertson  resold  him  to  an 
American  herd  for  £1,200.  There  is  no  doubt  of 
The  Grove  3d's  being  one  of  the  greatest  sires  of  the 
last  century  and  that  the  Horace  blood  was  still 
more  largely  distributed  into  nearly  all  the  leading 
herds  of  Herefords  through  him." 

Philip  Turner  was  succeeded,  in  turn,  by  his  son 
Arthur  P.  Turner,  who  for  a  long  period  of  years 
sustained  admirably  the  name  and  fame  of  The 


SOME   ENGLISH   BREED-BUILDERS  141 

Leen  as  a  nursery  of  il  classy "  Herefords,  and 
came  out  to  America,  on  invitation  of  the  manage- 
ment of  the  Chicago  Show  in  1906,  to  act  as  judge 
of  grade  and  crossbred  bullocks  and  award  the  fat 
cattle  championship,  his  herd  being  finally  dispersed 
a  few  years  since. 

Is  it  any  wonder  that  British  breeders  succeed  so 
well  in  building  and  maintaining  types  of  high-bred 
domestic  animals,  when  all  the  secrets  of  the  art  are 
handed  down,  as  in  the  case  of  the  Turners,  Tudges, 
and  their  contemporaries  from  one  .generation  to  an- 
other for  indeterminate  periods? 

Felhampton  Court. — Few  of  the  Herefordshire 
breeders  did  more  to  preserve  and  improve  upon 
the  sound  old  foundation  stocks  than  Mr.  John  Hill 
of  Felhampton  Court,  undoubtedly  one  of  the  best 
informed  of  all  those  who  have  carried  on  the  work 
of  perpetuating  true  Hereford  types.  "White  faces" 
have  been  bred  at  Felhampton  Court  considerably 
more  than  a  century,  the  foundation  of  the  Hill  herd 
being  laid  in  the  Urwick  blood.  At  an  early  date 
the  big,  heavy-fleshed  type  attained  by  Mr.  Green  of 
Marlow  was  drawn  upon.  Mr.  Hill  had  a  special 
admiration,  however,  for  the  old  Lord  Berwick 
blood,  and  bought  largely  of  the  best  Cronkhill 
strains.  A  valuable  selection  from  these  was  made 
by  Mr.  Hill  at  the  Longner  Hall  sale  of  1881  at 
which  he  purchased  not  only  a  number  of  cows  and 
heifers,  but  the  celebrated  Merry  Monarch  (5466). 
This  bull  was  undoubtedly  one  of  the  best  of  his  day 
in  England,  and  was  used  successfully  at  Felhamp- 


142  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ton  Court  for  some  years.  He  was  thus  described 
by  Mr.  Housman: 

"  Merry  Monarch  is  really  a  noble,  specimen  of 
the  high-bred  Hereford.  His  broad  forehead,  full 
eyes,  flat-rooted  horns,  with  their  wide  and  down- 
ward bend,  give  him  great  character,  even  when 
only  his  head  is  seen,  but  his  head  is  a  faithful  in- 
dex of  the  mass  that  follows  it.  ...  The  front 
is  immensely  deep  and  grand  to  look  at,  the  neck  is 
full  of  masculine  strength,  without  excess  or  coarse- 
ness, the  breast  large  and  bulging,  yet  not  throwing 
any  other  part  into  insignificance.  The  bull,  in  no 
forced  condition — only  fair  working  order — has 
beef  everywhere,  very  heavily  packed  behind  the 
shoulder  (where  most  bulls  are  deficient),  ample, 
for  a  lean  bull,  over  the  crops,  thickly  covering  his 
strong  loin  and  level  hindquarters,  and  filling  every 
nook  and  corner  of  the  frame.  The  depth  at  the 
flank,  and  armful  of  heavy  flank  (it  is  much  more 
than  a  handful,  and  hangs  out  by  its  weight),  bal- 
ance the  depth  of  forequarters,  and  the  ribs  fore 
and  aft,  while  they  spring  out  boldly  and  at  once, 
and  allow  abundance  of  room  for  the  vital  organs, 
are  not  in  too  great  a  hurry  to  curve  in  again,  but 
extend  low  enough  to  give  great  -depth  of  side. ' ' 

Mr.  Hill  did  not  make  a  practice  of  feeding  cat- 
tle for  show,  so  that  his  name  does  not  appear  fre- 
quently in  that  connection,  but  it  is  conceded  that 
few  men  in  England  have  done  more  to  sustain  the 
best  traditions  of  the  breed.  Cattle  of  Mr.  Hill's 
breeding  have  been  imported  in  considerable  num- 
bers into  the  United  States  and  Canada,  and  the 
herd  has  also  been  extensively  drawn  upon  by  dis- 
criminating buyers  for  South  America. 

J.  H.  Arkwright. — The  name  of  Mr.  Arkwright  of 


SOME   ENGLISH   BREED-BUILDERS  143 

Hampton  Court  occurs  so  frequently  in  these  pages 
that  it  seems  scarcely  necessary  to  make  special 
mention  of  his  successful  operations  in  this  con- 
nection. The  herd  was  one  of  the  oldest  in  "Here- 
fordshire, having  been  founded  in  1819  by  John 
Arkwright.  Among  the  best  sires  used  were  Sir 
Hungerford  and  Sir  Oliver  2d  (1773),  a  son  of  Sir 
Thomas.  Another  of  the  noted  stock  bulls  in 'this 
herd  was  Ivington  Boy  (4662)  by  Mr.  Tudge 's  Or- 
leans (2161)  out  of  Ivington  Lass.  The  Lord  Wil- 
ton bull  Iroquois  (7039)  of  Allen  Hughes7  breeding 
was  also  in  service,  and  was  out  of  the  same  cow  as 
the  bull  Washington,  shown  with  such  success  in  the 
United  States  many  years  ago  by  Mr.  Yeomans. 
Mr.  Arkwright 's  name  is  closely  connected  with  the 
successful  introduction  of  Herefords  into  our  mid- 
dle western  states  through  the  medium  of  Sir  Rich- 
ard 2d  (4984). 

The  Leinthall  Herd. — We  have  already  referred 
to  the  remarkable  success  achieved  by  Wm.  Tudge 
of  Adforton  in  the  production  of  high-class  Here- 
fords,  including  Lord  Wilton.  For  a  great  many 
years,  as  will  appear  from  our  notes  on  the  shows 
further  on,  the  Adforton  " white  faces"  were  im- 
portant factors  in  the  Eoyal  competitions.  We  have 
also  referred  in  the  preceding  pages  to  Wm.  Tudge, 
Jr.,  who  actively  assisted  his  father  in  the  manage- 
ment of  the  home  herd  before  engaging  in  Hereford 
breeding  on  his  own  account.  We  have  here  an- 
other instance  of  inherited  ability  in  the  successful 
handling  of  high-class  cattle. 


144  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

William  had  been  something  of  a  factor  in  his 
father's  showyard  successes  before  beginning 
breeding  on  his  own  account.  At  the  Manchester 
Boyal  of  1869  he  took  out  five  Adforton  animals, 
including  the  great  heifer  Silver  Star,  bringing 
home  four  first  prizes  and  one  second,  whereupon 
Mr.  Philip  Turner  of  The  Leen  wrote  the  young 
man  a  letter  complimenting  him  upon  having 
"achieved  an  unparalleled  success. "  The  prize- 
winners were  paraded  upon  that  occasion  before 
the  Prince  and  Princess  of  Wales,  the  latter  now 
Queen  Alexandra.  The  Princess  seemed  so  pleased 
with  Silver  Star  that  she  asked  the  proud  young 
man  to  halt  while  she  "  patted "  and  admired  tlie 
beautiful  heifer.  This  little  incident  so  pleased 
the  veteran  breeder  of  Lord  Wilton,  that  when 
his  son  came  out  of  the  ring  he  said,  "It  was 
your  doing  that  Silver  Star  was  put  in  the  show, 
for  as  you  know  I  had  chosen  another  heifer.  On 
this  account  I  will  make  you  a  present  of  her  dam, 
in  order  that  you  may  breed  another  like  her."  In 
such  fashion  many  of  the  successful  English  breed- 
ers interested  and  encouraged  their  sons  to  follow 
in  their  own  footsteps. 

Mr.  Tudge,  the  younger,  began  breeding  on  his 
own  account  at  Coston  Hall  in  1869,  subsequently  re- 
moving to  and  achieving  his  great  success  at  Lein- 
thall.  He  commenced  with  cows  of  Adforton  origin, 
and  at  his  father's  sale  of  September,  1877,  bought 
sixteen  good  cows  and  heifers,  including  Bosc- 
leaf,  a  daughter  of  the  Eoyal  winner  Eosebud? 


SOME   ENGLISH   BREED-BUILDERS  145 

and  own  sister  to  Marshall  Neil  (4761).  On  this 
same  occasion  lie  purchased  four  of  the  best  bull 
calves,  retaining  one  of  these,  Napoleon  (5476),  for 
service  in  his  own  herd.  In  1879  at  Ludlow  the  bull 
won  first  prize,  and  was  regarded  by  his  owner  as 
a  wonderful  promise  for  a  splendid  sire,  but  unfor- 
tunately lost  his  life  through  an  accident — the  swal- 
lowing of  a  piece  of  wire  hidden  in  his  oilcake. 

We  have  before  us  as  we  write  a  practically  com- 
plete record  of  the  prizes  won  at  English  shows  by 
the  Adforton  and  Leinthall  cattle,  but  the  record  is 
so  extended  that  it  is  impracticable  for  us  to  under- 
take to  present  it  in  this  connection.  However, 
many  of  the  more  important  prizes  won  by  them 
will  appear  in  the  review  of  the  Royal  showyard 
decisions  constituting  the  subject  of  ensuing  chap- 
ters. Suffice  it  to  say  that  Wm.  Tudge,  Jr.  sus- 
tained admirably  the  reputation  of  his  father's 
herd,  producing  many  first  prize  and  champion  win- 
ners, including  the  celebrated  bull  Ancient  Briton, 
imported  to  the  United  States  and  champion  at  the 
World's  Columbian  Exposition  of  1893.  The  fine 
bull  Rob  Roy,  winner  of  five  consecutive  English 
championships,  was  also  a  Leinthall  product. 

In  connection  with  Mr.  Fenn  of  Stone  Brook 
House,  Mr.  Tudge  bought  Lord  Wilton  at  the  sup- 
plementary Stocktonbury  sale  made  necessary  by 
Mr.  Vaughan's  failing  to  take  the  cattle  he  had  bid 
off  at  the  great  Carwardine  dispersion  of  1884.  One 
thousand  guineas  were  paid  for  the  famous  old  sire. 
Mr.  Tudge 's  operations,  however,  cover  for  the 


146  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

most  part  a  later  period  in  English  Hereford  his- 
tory than  we  purpose  discussing  in  this  volume,  our 
object  being  to  bring  the  old-country  phase  of  the 
business  down  only  to  the  point  where  the  big 
American  story  fairly  opens.  Latter-day  English 
history  we  are  compelled  to  leave  to  others. 

At  the  time  the  writer  saw  this  fine  old  herd  some 
years  ago  Gold  Box,  a  bull  of  uncommon  substance, 
compactness,  flesh  and  quality,  was  the  chief  sire 
in  service.  The  cattle  have  since  been  dispersed, 
and  in  his  retirement  in  Hertfordshire  Mr.  Tudge 
with  extraordinary  patience  and  courtesy  answered 
many  questions,  and  supplied  much  original  infor- 
mation for  incorporation  into  these  pages.  His 
death  occurred  at  Fair  Green,  Sawbridgeworth,  in 
June,  1914.  Another  member  of  this  family,  Mr. 
John  Tudge  of  Duxmoor,  has  also  made  a  name  for 
himself  in  English  Hereford  cattle-breeding  circles 
through  the  production  of  good  cattle  of  the  old 
blood  in  Shropshire. 


CHAPTER   JV. 
BRITISH  SHOWS  AND  THEIR  INFLUENCE. 

English  breeders  as  a  rule  are  good  spo/tsmen. 
They  love  the  excitement  of  the  showyard  and  be- 
lieve in  submitting  rival  claims  to  the  issue  of  open 
competition  before  a  capable  committee  of  experi- 
enced judges.  Many  and  varied  have  been  the 
changes  in  their  procedure  in  the  development  of 
their  different  breeds  as  a  result  of  this  old-estab- 
lished trial  by  jury.  Apropos  of  this  proposition 
an  experienced  Herefordshire  breeder  and  exhib- 
itor, in  a  recent  letter  to  the  author  says : 

"There  is  nothing  like  an  agricultural  show  for 
proving  up  relative  quality.  I  am  a  great  believer 
in  them,  for  I  think  there  is  no  trial  like  a  public 
trial,  whether  in  the  showyard  or  on  the  race  course. 
Many  a  man  thinks  he  has  a  wonderfully  good  ani- 
mal until  he  brings  him  out  in  public.  He  knows 
what  he  is  really  like  after  he  meets  competitors. 
He  usually  finds  his  level  or  very  near  it,  and  the 
owner  generally  feels  better  satisfied  after  try- 
ing it. 

"I  remember  once  a  gentleman  who  lived  seven 
or  eight  miles  off  me,  asking  if  I  would  come  and 
see  a  young  bull  that  he  thought  was  a  remarkably 
good  one.  He  desired  to  know  if  I  would  advise 
sending  him  to  the  Ludlow  Show  a  few  miles  off. 

"I  said,  ' Certainly,  send  him.'  He  was  an  indiffer- 
ent animal,  but  I  could  see  that  his  owner  thought 
him  a  wonderfully  good  one,  so  he  sent  him.  It 

147 


148  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

was  a  fairly  large  class,  and  the  bull  was  not  in  the 
first  seven  noticed  by  the  judges.  The  owner  came 
to  me  and  said, '  You  made  a  mistake  in  advising  me 
to  send  the  young  bull. '  I  told  him  that  I  had  made 
no  mistake,  that  I  could  see  he  had  no  chance  of 
winning,  but  that  I  could  also  see  that  he  thought 
his  calf  a  very  good  one,  and  having  one  in  the  class 
myself'  (which  took  second  prize)  I  felt  sure  he 
would  think,  had  he  not  sent  him,  that  he  would 
have  been  near  winning.  He  came  to  me  an  hour 
or  two  afterwards  saying,  'You  have  given  me  the 
best  lesson  I  ever  had  in  my  life,  for  I  did  think 
he  would  about  win  until  I  saw  him  with  the 
others. ' 

"That  is  one  instance  of  the  good  agricultural 
shows  will  do,  for  competition  does  wonders  in  find- 
ing the  very  good  and  the  indifferent  ones,  and  in 
the  case  of  male  animals  this  is  oftentimes  a  very 
great  consideration. ' ' 

Easily  first  in  point  of  influence  upon  public  sen- 
timent in  England  has  been  from  its  first  establish- 
ment the  Royal  Agricultural  Society's  annual  ex- 
hibition. It  is  held  in  different  parts  of  the  country 
from  year  to  year  in  order  that  all  localities  may 
in  turn  profit  by  the  lessons  to  be  learned  at  this 
admirably  managed  show.*  In  recent  years  the 

*British  breeders  have  probably  a  keener  appreciation  of  the 
educational  value  of  shows  generally  than  exists  in  the  United 
States.  Even  their  local  events  are  most  highly  regarded,  as 
is  instanced  by  the  following  incident  narrated  to  the  author  by 
Mr.  Tudge,  Jr.,  late  of  Leinthall: 

"It  was  at  a  Ludlow  show  that  Rob  Roy  made  his  first  ap- 
pearance in  a  showyard.  It  was  that  meeting,  I  believe,  that 
made  him  a  double  Royal  champion.  I  had  been  trying  to  sell 
him,  only  asking  60  guineas,  and  could  not  get  it,  so  I  decided 
to  send  him  to  Ludlow  show.  When  he  came  against  others  he 
was  very  much  admired  and  won  first  prize.  I  could  then  see, 
and  others  could  also,  what  a  good  bull  he  was.  One  old  Here- 
ford breeder,  Tom  Nott,  of  Beechton  Park,  who  did  not  often  praise 
my  cattle,  said,  'You  don't  know  what  a  good  bull  you  have. 
Keep  him  and  you'll  win  first  at  the  Royal.'  And  he  did;  so  that 
show  at  Ludlow  made  him." 


BRITISH    SHOWS   AND   THEIR   INFLUENCE  149 

Royal  shows  have  been  so  extensively  reported  that 
there  is  little  difficulty  in  gaining  access  to  the  rec- 
ords of  these  and  similar  events  in  the  mother  coun- 
try, but  it  is  believed  that  the  presentation  of  a  few 
notes  dealing  briefly  with  the  great  contests  of  the 
period  immediately  antedating  the  era  of  extensive 
importations  to  America  will  be  of  permanent  value 
and  interest  as  shedding  additional  light  upon  the 
English  progenitors  of  the  American  Herefords. 

At  Oxford  ajid  Cambridge. — Suggestive  of  the 
high  educational  value  placed  upon  the  Royal  show 
by  the  breeders  of  Great  Britain  is  the  fact  that 
the  enterprise  which  was  to  prove  such  a  fruitful 
source  of  profit  and  pleasure  to  the  nobility  and 
tenantry  of  the  United  Kingdom  was  launched  at 
those  great  centers  of  learning,  the  famous  old  uni- 
versity towns  of  Oxford  and  Cambridge. 

We  have  already  made  reference  to  the  fact  that 
Mr.  Jeffries'  celebrated  bull  Cotmore  (376)  was  the 
Hereford  champion  of  1839  at  the  initial  show  at 
Oxford.  He  was  a  bull  that  weighed  according  to 
English  estimates  above  3,500  pounds.  In  the  same 
pastures  at  The  Grove  in  after  years  there  grazed 
such  different  models  as  Sir  Thomas  and  The 
Grove  3d.  The  first-prize  cow  at  the  first  Royal 
was  called  Spot,  and  was  bred  by  Turner  of  The 
Noke,  afterwards  owner  of  Sir  David.  She  was  by 
a  son  of  Hewer's  Sovereign. 

At  the  second  meeting  of  the  Royal  Agricultural 
Society  at  Cambridge  in  1840,  the  celebrated  old- 
time  Hereford  breeder,  T.  C.  Yeld  of  The  Broome, 


150  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

claimed  the  honor  of  having  produced  the  winner 
in  Napoleon  (1334).  The  Yelds,  like  the  Jeffries, 
had  for  some  years  bred  many  cattle  and  possessed 
some  of  the  best  blood  in  the  country,  well  main- 
taining the  credit  of  the  breed.  Mr.  Yeld  was  a 
great  believer  in  character  and  quality,  and  his  sale 
in  1852  was  a  memorable  one  to  all  Hereford  pedi- 
gree men.  The  Duke  of  Bedford,  who  was  a  great 
admirer  of  the  Herefords,  was  the  exhibitor  of  Na- 
poleon when  he  won  this  first  prize  at  Cambridge. 
The  winning  cow  of  that  year,  Fatrumps,  was  bred 
and  exhibited  by  another  staunch  supporter  of  the 
breed,  Sir  Hungerford  Hoskyns,  Bart.  She,  like 
Cotmore,  had  Sovereign  (404)  for  a  sire,  and  her 
dam  was  a  Tully  cow  by  Hewer's  Waxy  2d  (403). 

Bristol,  Derby  and  Southampton. — At  the  Bris- 
tol Royal  of  1842  Mr.  John  Yeomans  appears 
as  the  breeder  and  exhibitor  of  the  winner,  Eoyal 
(331),  a  son  of  Cotmore  (376),  the  Oxford  first- 
prize  winner.  BoyaPs  dam,  Countess,  bred  by 
Turner  of  The  Noke,  was  also  exhibited  by  Mr.  Yeo- 
mans and  won  first  prize  at  this  same  Bristol  meet- 
ing. 

At  the  next  show,  that  of  Derby  in  1843,  Mr. 
Thomas  Jeffries  of  The  Grove  had  the  first  prizes 
with  a  bull  and  cow  both  of  his  own  breeding.  The 
bull,  Confidence,  had  been  the  winner  of  the  first 
prize  and  championship  that  year  at  Gloucester, 
and  he  again  won  it  there  the  year  following,  to- 
gether with  a  50-guinea  cup  as  champion  bull.  At 
the  Hereford  show  he  won  as  best  two-year-old, 


152  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

three-year-old  and  aged  bull,  and  was  sold  at  The 
Grove  sale  to  Mr.  W.  Smith  of  Buchton  Park,  a 
neighbor  of  Thomas  Longmore.  He  was  a  son  of 
Jeffries'  Hope  (439),  a  half  brother  to  Cotmore. 
The  winning  cow,  Lady  Grove,  was  by  Charity 
(375);  her  dam  was  by  Chance  (348),  the  sire  of 
Sir  David. 

The  next  meeting,  that  of  1844,  was  held  at  South- 
ampton. The  winner,  Derby  (209),  was  bred  and 
exhibited  by  another  old  Hereford  breeder,  W. 
Perry  of  Monkland.  The  sire  was  Lion  (335).  The 
dam  was  Foxley,  by  Paunceford  (589),  the  gran- 
dam,  the  Foxley  Cow,  by  Phoenix,  bred  by  the 
Misses  Tomkins ;  the  two  sold  for  850  guineas.  The 
cow  class  at  this  show  was  headed  by  Woodlass, 
shown  at  eight  years  old.  She  was  bred  by  John 
Price  of  Poole  House,  Worcestershire,  and  was 
sired  by  'Young  Woodman,  a  son  of  the  famous  cow 
Toby  Pigeon,  that  at  nineteen  years  old  had 
dropped  nineteen  calves.  She  was  out  of  a  cow 
by  Triumph  8th,  a  grandson  of  Toby  Pigeon. 

Shrewsbury  and  Newcastle.— The  Eoyal  show 
of  1845  was  held  at  Shrewsbury,  in  a  Hereford 
breeding  district  and  not  very  far  from  the  Here- 
ford country  proper,  so  that  there  was  a  good  muster 
of  the  breed.  Mr.  Thomas  Sherriff  of  Coxall,  whose 
farm  lay  just  on  the  lower  boundary  of  Shropshire, 
won  the  first  prize  with  Emperor  (221),  bred  and 
exhibited  by  himself.  This  was  a  large  class,  thir- 
teen bulls  being  shown.  Emperor  was  a  big  bull 
well  marked  and  of  good  color.  Mr.  Sherriff  kept 


BRITISH   SHOWS   AND   THEIR   INFLUENCE  153 

him  mainly  for  service  in  his  own  herd,  but  Lord 
Berwick  used  him  also.  A  prominent  English  breed- 
er speaking  of  this  bull  says : 

"I  can  remember  seeing  him  and  Confidence,  the 
Derby  winner  of  1843,  when  staying  as  a  lad  with 
Thomas  Longmore,  the  breeder  of  Walford  (871). 
It  was  scarcely  a  mile  from  Mr.  Smith's  place  to 
Walford  village,  and  not  much  farther  from  Wal- 
ford to  Coxall.  Confidence  I  can  remember  as  of  a 
proper  Hereford  color,  rather  deep  red  with  curly 
coat,  and  prominent  eyes;  but  was  a  little  inclined 
to  be  vicious.  He  was  a  stylish  looking  bull,  and 
was  used  afterwards  in  several  of  the  best  herds. 
Emperor  was  a  quiet  good-tempered  bull." 

The  winning  cow  at  Shrewsbury  among  eighteen 
competitors  was  exhibited  and  bred  by  Mr.  I.  N. 
Carpenter  of  Eardisland.  She  was  Victoria,  three 
years  and  eight  months  old,  a  daughter  of  Mr. 
Jeffries'  Hope  (439),  the  sire  of  Confidence.  She 
had  won  first  prize  as  a  heifer  at  Southampton  the 
year  before,  and  was  now  sold  to  Lord  Berwick. 
Victoria  is  entered  in  Volume  4,  page  202,  of  the 
Hereford  Herd  Book  as  having  eight  calves,  one  of 
them  a  Royal  winner,  Albert  Edward  (859).  Vic- 
toria had  previously  won  various  prizes  at  the  Here- 
fordshire meeting,  and  also  at  Tredegar. 

The  year  following  the  Royal  show  was  at  New- 
castle-upon-Tyne.  The  Duke  (493),  winner  of  the 
second  prize  at  Shrewsbury,  here  gained  the  first. 
His  sire,  Speculation,  was  a  very  successful  stock 
bull  in  the  Shrewsbury  district,  his  get  including 
winning  steers  and  oxen  at  the  principal  fat  stock 


154  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

shows.  The  winner  in  the  bull  calf  class  was  the 
afterwards  renowned  Sir  David  (349).  In  the  cow 
class  Mr.  C.  Walker  of  Sutton  Tenbury  won  first 
prize  with  Newcastle  Beauty,  bred  by  himself,  and 
a  daughter  of  Baronet  (465). 

Northampton,  York  and  Norwich. — The  Eoyal  of 
1847  was  held  at  Northampton,  where  Symmetry 
(201),  a  mottle-face  bred  and  exhibited  by  Samuel 
Aston,  Lynch  Court,  Pembridge,  won  first  prize 
among  the  aged  bulls.  Mr.  George  Pitt  with  North- 
ampton (600)  won  first  in  the  yearling  bull  class, 
having  already  taken  first  prize  at  Hereford  Spring 
Show  of  that  year. 

At  York  in  1848  Mr.  I.  N.  Carpenter  won  first 
prize  with  the  bull  Coningsby  (718),  bred  by  him- 
self, and  a  son  of  Quicksilver  (353),  the  winner  in 
the  yearling  bull  class  at  Southampton.  Coningsby 
had  been  second  the  year  before  at  Northampton. 
He  had  also  won  first  prize  and  cup  at  Lord  Trede- 
gar's  show,  and  first  at  Hereford  Spring  Show. 
The  yearling  bull  prize  upon  this  occasion  was  won 
by  Mr.  Monkhouse  with  Guy  Fawkes  (581)  in  a 
fairly  large  class. 

The  year  following,  1849,  when  the  show  was  held 
at  Norwich,  is  generally  called  amongst  old  breed- 
ers "Sir  David's  year."  This  far-famed  bull  had 
won  first  as  a  calf  at  Newcastle  in  1846.  He  had 
then  been  bought  by  Mr.  Carpenter,  who  had  a  year 
or  so  later  sold  him  to  Price  of  Pembridge,  as  al- 
ready set  forth.  Having  been  in  service  in  the 
Court  Ho.use  herd  he  now  made  his  appearance  as 


WALFORD     (871),     INTERNATIONAL    CHAMPION    AT    THE    PARIS    EXPOSI- 
TION   OF    1855— From    an    old   print. 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustln 
CONINGSBY    (718).      FIRST    AT   THE    YORK    ROYAL   OF   1848. 


156  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

aged  bull  at  Norwich,  and  an  extraordinary  good 
one  he  was  pronounced  to  be. 

Exeter,  Windsor  and  Walford.— In  1850  at  Exe- 
ter Mr.  John  Monkhouse  won  first  prize  in  aged 
bulls  with  Guy  Fawkes  (581),  bred  by  himself,  and 
the  winner  in  the  yearling  class  at  York.  He  was  a 
son  of  Thomas '  Severn,  the  first  prize  in  the  bull 
calf  class  at  Shrewsbury  among  eight  exhibits.  In 
the  cow  class  Mr.  I.  N.  Carpenter  won  first  with 
Lucy,  sire  Viscount  (816),  bred  by  Mr.  Philip 
Turner  of  The  Leen,  and  with  a  pedigree  going 
back  to  the  Aymestry  Court  herd. 

At  Windsor  in  1851  the  great  bull  Walford  (871) 
made  his  first  appearance  at  a  Royal  show,  gaining 
first  prize.  He  was  a  remarkably  big  level  bull,  by 
many  considered  the  best  they  had  ever  seen.  His 
first  visit  to  a  showyard  was  at  Ludlow  in  1850, 
with  four  of  his  offspring,  where  he  won  first  prize. 
He  was  then  the  property  of  Richard  Roberts  of 
Stanage,  who  had  bought  him  of  his  breeder, 
Thomas  Longmore  of  Walford,  when  he  was  about 
a  year  old.  It  was  at  this  Ludlow  show  that  Lord 
Berwick  saw  him,  and  going  the  next  day  to  Stan- 
age  he  bought  him  for  £100.  Walford  did  great 
service  for  His  Lordship  at  Cronkhill,  being  the  sire 
and  grandsire  of  many  Royal  and  other  winners. 

The  Windsor  Royal  was  the  first  time  Lord  Ber- 
wick exhibited  Walford  in  England.  At  the  Paris  In- 
ternational Exposition  of  1855  he  won  the  gold  med- 
al as  the  best  bull  of  any  breed,  his  son  Napoleon  3d 
(1019)  being  awarded  a  medal  for  superior  merit  at 


BRITISH   SHOWS   AND   THEIR   INFLUENCE  157 

the  same  exhibition.  Watford  was  a  bull  of  good  style 
and  character  and  beautifully  marked.  He  never 
met  Sir  David  in  competition  in  the  showring,  al- 
though both  were  in  the  yard  at  Ludlow  at  the  same 
time,  but  in  different  classes.  When  Lord  Berwick 
decided  to  buy  Walford  he  afterwards  said  it  was 
impossible,  in  his  opinion,  to  say  which  of  these  two 
was  the  better  bull.  Windsor  was  a  very  successful 
meeting  for  His  Lordship;  he  won  the  first  prize 
with  his  cow  Duchess  of  Norfolk,  as  well  as  first 
with  Walford,  and  first  and  second  with  his  two 
three-year-old  in-calf  heifers.  This,  with  second 
prize  in  the  yearling  heifer  class,  was  a  fine  record 
for  the  Cronkhill  herd,  and  it  was  achieved  among 
large  classes. 

Lewes,  Gloucester  and  Lincoln. — The  1852  Royal 
was  held  at  Lewes,  when  E.  Price's  Pern- 
bridge  (721),  by  Sir  David,  was  awarded  first  prize 
in  a  large  class  *of  aged  bulls.  He  had  previously 
gained  first  at  Norwich  Royal  and  first  at  Ludlow 
as  one  of  four  offspring  with  his  sire,  and  at  Here- 
ford the  same  year  he  was  successfully  shown  with 
his  sire  and  dam,  the  latter  a  daughter  of  John 
Hewer's  Hope  (411),  and  grandam  by  Hewer's 
Sovereign  (404). 

It  seems  probable  that  it  was  because  of  the  pos- 
session of  these  two  crosses  of  Hewer  bulls  that 
Pembridge  was  kept  and  used  by  Mr.  Price  in  his 
sire's  place.  This  view  seems  to  be  confirmed  by 
other  facts— Sir  David  2d  (1065)  being  a  case  in 
point.  John  Hewer  had  quite  a  lot  of  big  well  bred 


158  A   HISTORY   OF    HEREFORD    CATTLE 

bulls  that  he  hired  out  at  different  times  to  a  great 
many  Hereford  breeders.  They  combined  great 
scale  with  hardy  constitutions,  and  were  all  bred 
by  himself.  He  always  said  that  they  descended 
from  four  or  five  cows  of  their  own  '  *  breed, ' '  whose 
pedigrees  went  back  to  the  early  part  of  the  last 
century. 

The  prize  cow  at  Lewes  was  Lord  Berwick's  Grey 
Daisy,  a  daughter  of  Tom  Thumb,  a  grey  bull,  the 
cow  and  her  sire's  "breed"  going  back  to  the  herd 
of  Knight  of  Downton  Castle  and  the  Salwey  grey 
blood,  which,  however,  in  a  few  years  Lord  Berwick, 
finding  public  opinion  against  it,  weeded  out.  He 
was  very  fortunate  at  Lewes,  as  he  had  been  at 
Windsor;  besides  winning  with  his  cow  he  had  a 
prize  for  his  two-year  bull  and  first  and  second 
prizes  for  his  two  in-calf  three-year-old  heifers. 
Mr.  Philip  Turner  was  second  to  Grey  Daisy  in 
the  cow  class,  so  that  the  grey  must  have  been  a 
very  good  one,  or  else  the  judges  at  that  time  were 
not  particular  as  to  color. 

At  Gloucester  in  1853  Lord  Berwick  won  first 
with  aged  bull,  this  time  with  Albert  Edward  (859), 
a  son  of  Wonder  (420),  dam  Victoria,  the  first  prize 
Royal  winner  at  Southampton  and  Shrewsbury. 
Lord  Berwick  had  bought  her  from  Carpenter  at 
the  Shrewsbury  meeting,  and  well  she  had  repaid 
him,  for  besides  dropping  this  Royal  winner  she 
added  six  more  live  calves  to  the  Cronkhill  herd. 
Carwardine  of  Stocktonbury  won  second  here  with 
Malcolm,  bred  by  Turner  of  The  Noke.  In  the  year- 


EDWARD  PRICE'S  MAGNET  (823),  WINNER  AT  LINCOLN  ROYAL  OF  1854— 
From   an   old  lithograph. 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustin 
RED  ROSE,   BRED  BY  JOHN  HEWER. 


160  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ling  bull  class  Price  of  Pembridge  won  first  with 
Magnet  (823),  bred  by  T.  Yeld,  and  Lord  Berwick 
was  second  with  Tenant.  In  cows,  Monkhouse  was 
first  with  Winnifred,  by  Monaughty  (220),  bred  by 
James  Rea.  She  produced  four  calves  for  Rea,  one' 
Madoc  (899),  a  noted  winner  at  the  Ludlow,  Here- 
ford, and  local  shows.  Lord  Berwick  won  first  and 
Philip  Turner  second  with  in-calf  heifers. 

At  Lincoln  in  1854  Edward  Price  had  first  with 
Magnet,  the  first  prize  winner  at  Gloucester  the  pre- 
vious season.  His  sire  was  The  Knight  (185) ;  his 
dam  was  by  Pitt's  Big  Ben.  Malcolm,  also  by  The 
Knight,  won  second  for  the  second  time.  In  year- 
ling bulls  James  Eea  was  first  with  Guardian,  by 
Attraction.  In  bull  calves  Price  had  first  on  Mag- 
net 2d. 

Magnet  (823)  is  said  to  have  been  a  bull  of  splen- 
did style  and  character,  with  a  wide  white  mane  and 
very  yellow  horns,  a  remarkably  nice  coat  and  skin, 
and  capital  quality — not  a  big  bull,  just  of  fair  me- 
dium size.  His  son  Magnet  2d  was  one  of  four 
offspring  with  their  sire,  all  so  much  alike,  with 
nice  soft  coats  and  skins,  that  they  won  first  at  Lud- 
low and  Hereford.  Speaking  of  this  bull,  Magnet 
2d,  Tudge  of  Leinthall  says: 

"I  well  remember  at  the  Leominster  show  stand- 
ing with  my  father  and  Mr.  Price,  whilst  the  bull 
calves  were  being  judged.  There  was  some  specu- 
lation as  to  which  would  win,  my  father's  calf  Ash- 
ford  (1499),  the  Ludlow  winner,  or  Mr.  Price's 
Magnet  2d,  the  Royal  winner.  It  was  private  judg- 
ing and  boarded  in,  and  I  being  a  fairly  active  lad 


BRITISH   SHOWS   AND   THEIR   INFLUENCE  161 

they  held  me  up  to  watch  for  the  verdict.  When  I 
said  Ashford  had  won,  Mr.  Price  said,  'I  cannot 
believe  it,  it  cannot  be  right/  for  he  was  a  bad 
loser.  But  after  thinking  a  minute  he  came  and 
shook  my  father 's  hand,  saying,  '  If  I  am  to  be  beat- 
en, I  would  rather  you  did  it  than  any  other  man. 
We  shall  see  how  it  is  at  Hereford  next  week.' 
There  it  was  confirmed." 

In  the  cow  class  at  Lincoln,  Monkhouse  won  first 
with  the  famous  Winnifred,  and  Lord  Berwick  was 
again  first  and  Philip  Turner  second  in  the  in-calf 
heifer  class. 

Carlisle,  Chelmsford  and  Salisbury. — The  Eoyal 
of  1855  at  Carlisle  gave  Lord  Berwick  another 
first  prize  winner  in  the  aged  bull  class  in  Atting- 
ham  (911),  a  fine  good-looking  son  of  Walford 
(871),  that  afterwards  did  first-class  service  as  a 
sire.  The  second  prize  in  this  class  the  Earl  of 
Radnor  won  with  Carlisle  (923).  Speaking  of  these 
two  bulls  the  steward  of  the  Eoyal  society  in  his 
report  bestowed  unstinted  and  probably  excessive 
praise,  saying:  "  Taking  into  consideration 
weight,  quality,  symmetry  and  early  maturity  these 
are  the  best  animals  ever  shown."  Lord  Berwick 
also  won  first,  and  John  Monkhouse  second,  in  two- 
year-old  bulls.  Winnifred,  the  great  Monaughty- 
bred  cow  now  ten  years  and  seven  months  old,  the 
Gloucester  winner,  was  again  first. 

The  Chelmsford  Eoyal  in  1856  developed  a 
double-bred  Eoyal  winner  as  prize-taker,  for  Lord 
Berwick  in  Napoleon  3d,  the  son  of  the  two  Eoyal 
firsts  at  Windsor — Walford  and  Duchess  of  Nor- 


164  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

folk.  Napoleon '3d  had  been  a  medal  bull  at  the 
Paris  exposition.  Mr.  E.  Price's  Goldfinder,  bred 
by  John  Perry,  took  second  prize.  Carpenter 's 
Carlisle  Beauty  was  the  winner  in  the  cow  class. 
She  had  already  won  a  gold  medal  at  the  Paris  In- 
ternational Exposition. 

At  Salisbury  in  1857  Mr.  E.  Williams'  Eadnor 
(1366),  the  first-prize  bull  calf  at  Carlisle,  captured 
the  aged  bull  prize,  and  Edward  Price,  with  Mag- 
net 3d,  was  first  in  two-year-olds.  In  the  cow  class 
Lord  Berwick's  Carlisle,  by  Albert  Edward,  dam 
Silver,  by  Emperor  (221),  took  first.  Carlisle  was 
afterwards  sold  to  Mr.  Thomas  Duckham,  the  Here- 
ford Herd  Book  editor,  and  sired  many  prize  win- 
ners. 

Chester,  Warwick  and  Canterbury. — It  was  at 
the  Chester  Eoyal  of  1858  that  Sir  David's  great 
son  Sir  Benjamin  (1387)  first  made  his  appearance 
in  public,  winning  second  prize  in  the  aged  bull 
class.  Price's  Goldfinder  2d  took  first.  The  latter 
was  five  years  and  eleven  months  old,  and  Sir  Ben- 
jamin but  two  years  and  four  months,  so  that  he 
was  three  years  and  seven  months  younger  than 
his  chief  competitor.  There  were  nine  exhibits  in 
the  class,  some  of  them  good  ones,  as  is  indicated 
by  the  report  given  in  the  Eoyal  Agricultural  So- 
ciety's journal: 

"Aged  bulls;  9  entries.  These  animals  displayed 
such  uniformity  of  character,  symmetry  and  sub- 
stance that  it  must  have  puzzled  the  judges  to  dis- 
tinguish any  of  them.  The  prize  bull,  the  property 
of  Mr.  Price,  Court  House,  girthed  8  feet  7  inches ; 


BRITISH   SHOWS   AND   THEIR  INFLUENCE  165 

another  highly  commended  bull,  shown  by  Lord 
Bateman,  girthed  8  feet  9  inches.  The  latter  ex- 
ceeded in  girth  the  winning  bull  of  the  Shorthorn 
class,  the  Shorthorn's  girth  being  8  feet  7  inches. 
The  two  Hereford  bulls  were  a  few  months  the  old- 
est. The  prize  aged  Devon  bull  girthed  7  feet  8 
inches.  The  bulls  exhibited  by  Mr.  Rea,  Weston- 
bury,  Lord  Bateman  and  Lord  Berwick  were  all 
first-class  animals,  and  deservedly  received  the  high 
commendation  of  the  judges." 

It  was  considered  that  Sir  Benjamin  did  well 
here,  taking  into  account  the  heavy  metal  which  he 
was  up  against.  His  sire,  Sir  David  (349),  as  al- 
ready related,  had  now  been  brought  back  from 
Scotland,  and  the  farm  of  Noke  being  barely  a  mile 
from  The  Grove  Mr.  Turner  had  allowed  Benjamin 
Rogers  to  send  Prettymaid  2d  on  a  visit  to  the  old 
bull.  Sir  Benjamin  was  the  result.  The  next  year 
he  sent  Damsel  by  Gaylad  on  a  similar  visit, 
The  Grove  (1764)  being  the  result.  Two  wonder- 
fully good  sires  they  proved  to  be. 

At  Warwick  the  year  following  Mr.  Hill's  Claret 
(1177),  the  sire  of  three  winners  at  Lincoln,  was 
first  and  Lord  Berwick's  Severn  second.  In  the 
yearling  bulls  the  winner  among  the  bull  calves  of 
1857,  Mr.  Edward's  Leominster,  was  only  placed 
third,  Mr.  Naylor's  Adjutant  having  first.  The 
winner  in  bull  calves  was  Maximus,  from  the 
Queen's  herd,  but  scarcely  of  the  orthodox  color, 
having  too  many  spots  on  his  face.  The  winning 
cow  was  Mr.  Rea's  Bella,  the  first  prize  three-year- 
old  heifer  at  Chester ;  she  had  gone  on  remarkably 


166  A  HISTORl    OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

well.    We  quote  from  the  report  in  the  Royal  Agri- 
cultural Society's  Journal: 

"Cows  in  milk  or  in  calf;  15  entries.  Mr.  Rea's 
Bella  was  the  admiration  of  all  who  beheld  her; 
level  as  a  Devon,  yet  of  the  size  of  a  Shorthorn,  as 
was  proved  by  her  girth,  one  inch  more  than  Mr. 
Stratton's  prize  cow  Matchless  Fourth.  Lord  Ber- 
wick's Beauty  was  deservedly  second.  She  belongs 
to  a  family  frequently  seen  at  these  meetings,  but 
never  before  without  gaining  first  honours.  Here 
she  was  fairly  beaten  by  one  of  the  best  Herefords 
we  have  ever  seen. 

"Heifers  in  milk  or  in  calf;  10  entries.  Mr.  T. 
Rea's  Czarina  was  the  type  of  a  first-class  animal. 
Lord  Berwick's  Ada,  like  her  sister  Beauty,  was 
here  again  of  necessity  placed  in  a  secondary  posi- 
tion. " 

These  reports  show  how  highly  the  Monaughty 
heifers  were  regarded,  and  made  Hereford  men 
more  anxious  than  ever  to  possess  some  of  the  Sir 
Benjamin  blood. 

At  Canterbury  in  1860  the  Herefords  were  not 
strongly  represented.  Mr.  Edward's  Leominster, 
by  Wellington,  the  bull  calf  winner  at  Chester  and 
third  at  Warwick,  was  now  placed  first.  In  the 
two-year-old  bulls  a  son  of  Noble  Boy  (1337)  was 
first,  and  Sir  Richard  (1734),  a  good-looking  son 
of  Sir  Benjamin,  was  second.  In  the  cow  class 
there  was  but  one  representative,  Taylor's  Fancy 
Leominster,  a  stylish-looking  cow  with  nice  Here- 
ford character. 

Leeds,  and  the  Battersea  International. — At  Leeds 
the  next  year  the  Herefords.  were  much  bet- 


168  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ter  represented.  Two  Sir  Benjamin  bulls  were 
placed  first  and  second,  the  winner,  Sir  Eichard, 
second  prize  in  the  two-year-olds  at  Canterbury 
now  having  first.  He  was  a  squarely-built  im- 
pressive-looking bull.  The  second  prize  Silvius  was 
a  big  one.  Eichard  Hill  won  first  in  the  two-year- 
olds  with  Milton  (2114),  by  Chanticleer  (1173), 
by  Attingham  (911),  Walford's  son  and  a  first 
prize  winner  himself  at  Carlisle.  In  bull  calves  Mr. 
Hill  also  won  first  with  a  smart  good-looking  son 
of  Chanticleer.  The  first  prize  cow  was  Laura,  by 
Silvester  (797),  a  son  of  Pembridge  (721)  by  Sir 
David,  bred  and  exhibited  by  Mr.  T.  Naylor,  Leigh- 
ton  Hall.  Laura's  pedigree  goes  back  to  the  old 
Tully  " breed."  In  heifers  Lord  Berwick  bred  the 
winner  Adela,  by  Will  o'  Wisp  (1454)  and  a  daugh- 
ter of  Agnes,  by  Attingham.  She  was  a  nice  heifer 
bought  by  the  Prince  Consort  for  the  Eoyal  Flemish 
Farm  at  Windsor. 

In  1862  occurred  the  great  International  meeting 
of  the  Eoyal  society.  It  was  held  in  Battersea  Park, 
London,  and  here  the  Heref ords  were  strongly  rep- 
resented. The  first  prize  in  aged  bulls  was  given  to 
the  Eoyal  herd  for  Maximus  (1650),  the  first  prize 
bull  calf  at  Warwick,  a  son  of  Brecon  (918).  He 
was  not  of  a  true  Hereford  color,  having  spots  on 
his  face  and  legs,  his  " breed"  going  back  to  the 
old  mottle-faced  Tomkins  stock  and  the  Tully  greys. 
He  was  a  wide,  deep,  heavy-fleshed  bull.  The  gold 
medal  was  given  to  Mr.  Hill's  Milton,  the  first  prize 
three-year-old  bull  at  Leeds  the  year  before.  He 


BRITISH   SHOWS   AND   THEIR   INFLUENCE  169 

was  well  entitled  to  his  class  prize  and  to  the  cham- 
pionship honors,  which  he  also  received,  but  was 
not  quite  of  true  Hereford  color,  having  more  white 
than  usual.  He  traced  back  through  his  grandsire 
Attingham  to  some  of  Lord  Berwick's  greys.  The 
first  prize  two-year-old,  Mr.  Taylor's  Unity,  was  of 
the  right  Hereford  color  and  a  level  straight  bull 
that  had  previously  won  first  prize  at  Tredegar,  the 
Herefordshire,  Ludlow  and  Leominster  shows.  His 
sire  was  St.  Oswell,  dam  of  King  James  (978),  a 
son  of  Walford. 

In  cows  the  winner,  Matchless,  bred  and  exhib- 
ited by  Mr.  H.  Coate,  Sherborne,  Dorsetshire,  was 
also  gold  medal  winner  as  best  female  Hereford. 
She  was  a  very  big  cow  but  not  of  as  nice  quality 
as  the  Prince  Consort's  Adela,  a  prize-winner  at 
Leeds  in  1861.  The  latter  was  the  general  favorite 
for  the  gold  medal  prize,  being  of  fairly  good  size 
with  splendid  quality,  in  fact,  a  model  Hereford. 
In  three-year-old  heifers  Mr.  J.  M.  Eead,  of  Glou- 
cestershire, won  first  prize  with  Theora,  by  Sebas- 
topol  (1381).  Her  dam  was  bred  by  the  late  Lord 
Berwick  from  Cherry  7th.  This  was  a  big,  very 
fat  and  fairly  level  heifer.  Butterfly,  bred  and  ex- 
hibited by  William  Tudge,  was  second.  She  was 
a  very  nice  straight  heifer  with  plenty  of  quality, 
by  The  Doctor  (1083),  bred  by  James  Bea.  In  year- 
ling heifers  the  first  prize  went  to  Mr.  Baldwin's 
Adeline  from  the  Cronkhill  herd.  Mr.  Read  took 
second  with  another  of  the  late  Lord  Berwick's 
daughters  of  Cherry  7th,  Miss  Southam,  by  Caliban 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustln 
COUNTRY    SEAT    OF    SIR    J.    R.    G.    COTTRILL,    BART. 


Copyright  photo  by  Bnstln 
STRETTON   COURT.    HOME   OF  J.    H.    YEOMANS. 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustln 
HAMPTON   COURT,    HOME    OF  J.    H.    ARKWRIGHT. 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustln 

J.    H.    ARKWRIGHT   OP   HAMPTON    COURT   AND    HIS   FAVORITE 
HUNTER  "BAGPIPE." 


172  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

(1163).  It  is  mentioned  by  the  judges  of  Here- 
fords  here  that  eight  winners  out  of  the  twenty- 
four  were  either  bred  by  Lord  Berwick  or  descend- 
ed from  his  herd.* 

Worcester  and  Sir  Thomas. — In  1863  the  Royal 
show  was  at  Worcester.  Being  so  near  the  home 
of  the  Herefords  there  was  plenty  of  competi- 
tion. In  the  aged  bull  class  first  prize  fell  to  J.  H. 
Arkwright's  Sir  Oliver  2d  (1733),  son  of  Sir  Ben- 
jamin and  a  very  big  level  bull  with  good  character, 
style  and  quality.  Another  son  of  Sir  Benjamin 
named  Plato  won  the  second  prize  in  this  good  class. 
He  was  also  bred  by  Mr.  Thomas  Eea.  It  is  offi- 
cially remarked  that  "Thomas  Eea  may  be  con- 
gratulated on  breeding  two  such  good  bulls  combin- 
ing great  size  with  such  good  quality. " 

In  three-year-old  bulls  Mr.  William  Taylor  of 
Showle  Court  had  first  prize  with  Tambourine 
(2254),  bred  by  Lord  Bateman  and  a  son  of  Car- 
lisle (923).  The  second  prize  bull,  Moderator,  was 
also  bred  by  Lord  Bateman  and  also  a  son  of  Car- 
lisle.. In  two-vear-old  bulls  the  Battersea  decision 


*While  this  Battersea  Park  show  was  in  progress  at  London 
a  world's  exposition  was  being  held  in  Hyde  Park.  People  from 
all  over  the  world,  mostly  in  their  native  costumes,  came  there 
and  Mr.  Edwards  of  Wintercott  conceived  the  idea  of  getting  the 
shepherds  and  herdsmen  who  were  at  the  Royal  from  Hereford- 
shire and  Shropshire  to  dress  up  in  their  white  smock-frocks,  their 
usual  holiday  dress  in  the  West  of  England.  He  told  as  many  as 
could  to  don  their  best,  clad  that  way,  and  that  he  would  take 
them  to  the  exposition  and  pass  them  off  as  foreigners,  only  they 
must  not  speak.  Accordingly  he  took  about  thirty,  who  followed 
him  solemnly  in  Indian  file  up  and  down  the  different  avenues. 
Crowds  of  Londoners  trailed  behind  asking  all  manner  of  ques- 
tions, and  wondering  what  country  they  came  from,  nor  did  they 
find  out,  much  to  Mr.  Edwards'  delight. 


BRITISH   SHOWS   AND   THEIR  INFLUENCE  173 

was  reversed  and  the  third  prize  winner  at  that 
show,  Adforton  (1839),  a  bull  of  great  substance 
bred  by  William  Tudge  and  shown  by  Thomas  Ed- 
wards of  Wintercott,  was  first.  He  was  a  son  of 
The  Grove  (1764),  Sir  David's  son.  The  second 
prize  was  given  to  Mr.  Baldwin  on  Battersea,  the 
first  prize  winner  at  Battersea.  In  bull  calves  Rob- 
erts of  Ivingtonbury  won  first  with  Battenhall,  bred 
by  himself  and  sired  by  Sir  Thomas,  son  of  Sir 
Benjamin.  In  a  large  class  of  good  bulls  he  was 
called  "a  very  nice  one,  with  plenty  of  hair  and 
quality,  and  with  such  thighs,  for  a  young  one,  as 
are  not  often  seen;  just  the  style  and  character  a 
Hereford  ought  to  have." 

In  the  cow  class  Mr.  John  Perry  of  Cholstrey  had 
first  prize  with  Beauty,  by  Noble  Boy  (1337). 
Thomas  Eea  was  second  with  Kate  2d,  a  good 
daughter  of  Sir  Benjamin,  shown  in  a  large  class. 
In  three-year-old  heifers  William  Tudge  of  Adfor- 
ton was  first  with  Lady  Ashford,  bred  by  himself,  a 
daughter  of  Carbonel  (1525).  She  had  not  just  a 
nice  head,  her  horns  going  up  a  little,  but  she  was 
a  most  perfect  animal  in  all  other  respects.  Mr. 
Pitt  was  second,  and  the  Prince  Consort's  heifer 
Adela,  with  splendid  hindquarters,  was  third.  In 
yearling  heifers  the  veteran  Mr.  Monkhouse  was 
first  with  Clementine,  sired  by  Chieftain  (930),  a 
heifer  of  good  size,  substance  and  quality.  She  was 
well  supported  by  Mr.  Roberts'  2d  Duchess  of  Bed- 
ford, by  Sir  Thomas.  The  third  place  was  taken 
by  Mr.  W.  Perry  of  Cholstrey  with  Lady  Duppa. 


174  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

In  "Punch,"  the  London  comic  paper,  there  was  a 
comment  upon  this  class  as  follows : 
"Well  may  the  gallant  veteran  o'er  his  growthy  lass  wax  merry, 
For  he  has  beat  victorious  Roberts,  and  polished  off  old  Perry." 

In  the  class  for  heifers  under  twelve  months 
Thomas  Eoberts  had  first  prize  with  Miss  Hastings 
2d,  by  Sir  Thomas,  a  grey  one  bred  and  exhibited 
by  A.  E.  Boughton  Knight  of  Downton  Castle  being 
second.  In  special  prizes  given  by  the  Worcester 
Local  Committee  for  the  best  pair  of  Hereford  cows 
in  milk,  the  first  was  given  to  Mr.  John  Walker  of 
Holmes  for  Alice  Grey  and  Nell  Gwynne,  bred  by 
John  Hewer.  Second  prize  went  to  Philip  Turner 
of  The  Leen  for  Jewell  and  Juliet,  by  Felix  (9531) 
and  both  bred  by  himself.  For  the  best  pair  of 
heifers  in  milk  or  in  calf  first  prize  went  to  the  ex- 
ecutors of  James  Eea  of  Monaughty  on  Diana  and 
Spangle  2d,  both  by  Wellington  (1112).  The  prize 
for  best  bull,  cow  and  offspring  fell  to  Eoberts  of 
Ivingtonbury  on  Sir  Thomas,  by  Sir  Benjamin,  the 
cow  Flower  and  her  heifer  calf. 

Sir  Thomas  was  by  this  time  forging  rapidly  to 
the  front.  He  had  a  true  Hereford  bull's  head, 
wide  good  shoulders,  broad  chine,  a  very  straight 
top,  remarkably  good  hindquarters,  as  level  from 
the  hip  to  the  rump  as  could  be  found,  with  big 
thighs  and  straight  hind  legs.  He  was  a  long  big 
bull  with  no  "dent"  anywhere.  In  fact,  all  the  Sir 
Benjamin  stock  came  out  well  at  Worcester,  win- 
ning three  firsts  and  three  seconds  on  six  exhibits, 
Sir  David's  grandson  Adforton  (1839)  well  sup- 


TREDEGAR   (5077)   AT  TWO  YEARS   SEVEN   MONTHS— BRED  BY  W. 
TAYLOR,   SHOWLE  COURT. 


WINTER    DE    COTE    (4253)    AT   THREE   YEARS— BRED    BY    MR.    EDWARDS 
OF   WINTERCOTT. 


176  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

porting  them.  This  show  was  largely  visited  by  the 
best  Hereford  breeders,  and  the  success  of  the  Sir 
Benjamin  and  Sir  David  blood  gave  a  great  impetus 
to  the  demand  for  cattle  of  that  extraction.  It  will 
be  noted  that  at  Battersea  the  other  grand  old 
Hereford  sire  and  contemporary  of  Sir  David,  the 
famous  Walford  of  Lord  Berwick's  herd,  had  sup- 
plied a  large  number  of  winners — eight  out  of 
twenty-four.  It  appears  clear,  therefore,  that 
these  two  bulls  did  much  for  the  breed  and  later 
on,  when  their  blood  was  combined,  some  wonderful 
winners  and  champions  were  produced. 

Newcastle,  Plymouth  and  the  Rinderpest.  —  In 
1864  the  meeting  was  at  Newcastle-on-Tyne.  This 
being  considered  far  from  home  the  Hereford 
classes  were  not  so  well  supported  there  as  at 
Worcester.  In  the  aged  bull  class  a  Worcester  win- 
ner, Mr.  Taylor 's  Tambourine,  led.  He  had  won 
before  in  the  three-year-old  class;  bred  by  Lord 
Bateman  he  was  a  son  of  Carlisle,  the  winner  of 
the  second  to  Attingham,  the  son  of  Walford,  at 
Carlisle.  At  the  two  previous  Bath  and  West  of 
England  shows  Mr.  J.  A.  Rolling's  Chieftain  2d 
had  been  placed  first  before  Tambourine.  They  pre- 
sented a  very  great  contrast — Chieftain  2d  an  enor- 
mously big  bull  and  Tambourine  much  smaller  but 
very  neat.  Here  the  decision  was  reversed  and 
Chieftain,  bred  by  James  Rea,  was  placed  third.  In 
the  three-year-old  class  Battersea  won  first  for  his 
owner,  Mr.  John  Baldwin.  In  the  two-year-old  bulls 
Mr.  Thomas  Duckham,  editor  of  the  Hereford  Herd 


BRITISH   SHOWS   AND   THEIR   INFLUENCE  177 

Book,  had  first  prize  with  a  very  level  good  bull, 
Commodore. 

In  the  cow  class  Spangle  2d,  one  of  the  pair  of 
heifers  previously  exhibited  by  Thomas  Rea  and 
now  shown  by  his  widow,  Mrs.  Louise  Woodgate 
Eea,  won  first.  Mr.  Eea  had  purchased  the  cow  at 
his  father's  sale  for  85  guineas,  but  owing  to  his 
own  death  through  an  accident  in  the  hunting  field 
his  cattle  were  sold  the  following  October.  At  the 
sale  Spangle  2d  made  101  guineas  to  Mr.  John  Bald- 
win, and  her  bull  calf  called  Sir  Frank  brought  121 
guineas.  Mrs.  Eea  also  won  second  in  this  class 
with  Kate  2d,  a  daughter  of  Sir  Benjamin  that  had 
been  second  at  Worcester.  In  three-year-old  heifers 
Baldwin  won  first  with  Duchess  of  Bedford  2d,  by 
Sir  Thomas,  now  grown  into  a  grand  heifer.  In 
two-year-olds  he  again  had  first  prize  with  Miss 
Hastings  2d,  another  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  and 
the  winner  of  the  first  at  Worcester.  John  Monk- 
house  took  a  first  with  Fairy  Queen,  a  daughter  of 
Chieftain,  another  triumph  for  the  Monaughty 
"  breed." 

The  next  Eoyal,  and  the  last  for  two  years  fol- 
lowing, was  held  in  1865  at  Plymouth  when  Mr.  J. 
M.  Eeed's  Colesborne  (2467),  a  son  of  Caliban 
(1163),  by  Attingham,  won  first  prize.  Mr.  J.  A. 
Rolling's  big  Chieftain  2d  was  placed  second  to  him, 
and  Battersea  third.  In  three-year-olds  Mr.  Duck- 
ham's  good  grandson  of  Sir  Benjamin,  Commodore 
(2472),  won  first  and  Stallard's  Chieftain  3d,  a 
son  of  Chieftain  2d,  received  second  prize.  In  the 


178  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

cow  class  Mr.  Baldwin  won  first  with  his  now  well 
known  and  truly  splendid  Duchess  of  Bedford  2d, 
daughter  of  Sir  Thomas.  In  three-year-old  heifers 
he  again  had  first  with  Miss  Hastings  2d,  another 
daughter  of  Sir  Thomas,  this  being  her  third  first- 
prize  Royal  win  in  succession — more  honor  for  the 
Sir  Benjamin  blood.  Her  Majesty  Queen  Victoria 
here  won  first  prize  on  a  yearling  heifer,  Princess 
Mary  by  Deception,  a  son  of  Sir  Benjamin. 

This  was  the  last  Royal  show  until  Leicester  in 
1868,  because  after  the  successful  meeting  at  Ply- 
mouth came  dire  threat  of  an  epidemic  of  cattle 
plague,  that  fatal  and  contagious  rinderpest  which 
had  been  imported  from  abroad  and  had  swept  off 
whole  herds,  paralyzing  all  efforts  to  check  it  except 
by  slaughtering  the  cattle.  Many  a  happy  and  pros- 
perous homestead  was  completely  ruined  by  its  rav- 
ages, Cheshire  county  and  the  dairy  districts  suf- 
fering most.  Only  one  lot  of  Herofords  was  at- 
tacked, and  that  through  the  thoughtlessness  of  the 
owner,  Charles  Vevers  of  Ivington,  the  breeder  of 
the  bull  Battersea.*  Prompt  measures  on  the  part 

*Mr.  Vevers  lived  only  about  three  field-breadths  from  Mr. 
Edwards'  farm  of  Wintercott.  Vever's  mother-in-law,  living  near 
Gloucester,  wrote  asking  him  to  come  at  once,  as  her  cattle  were 
dying-.  He  went  to  see  them,  and  returning  thoughtlessly  went 
amongst  his  own  cattle  without  changing  his  clothing.  Of  course 
his  own  herd  was  infected;  many  died  and  the  others  were  con- 
demned and  slaughtered,  and  thereby  a  little  story  is  told  of  Win- 
tercott's  application  of  the  law  of  self-protection. 

Mr.  Edwards  was  badly  frightened.  He  had  sold  his  valuable 
Royal  winners,  including  Adforton,  and  nearly  all  that  were  fit 
to  kill  to  the  butcher,  and  kept  a  barrel  of  whitewash  near  the 
house,  continually  using  it  about  the  premises.  Vevers  very 
thoughtlessly  sent  one  of  his  men  to  Wintercott  to  borrow  a 
couple  of  ropes.  Edwards  caught  sight  of  him  coming,  steered 
him  to  the  whitewash  cask,  took  him  by  the  collar  of  his  coat 
and  the  seat  of  his  "brigs,"  and  put  him  in  nearly  up  to  his  neck, 
saying,  "There,  go  home  and  tell  your  master  to  come  here,  and  I 
will  serve  him  the  same." 


BRITISH   SHOWS   AND   THEIR   INFLUENCE  179 

of  the  government  authorities  checked  the  trouble, 
so  that  fortunately  it  went  no  farther  in  Hereford- 
shire. All  fairs  and  markets  were  declared  sus- 
pended during  the  autumn  of  1865,  as  well  as  all 
meetings  of  agricultural  societies.  It  was  not  until 
1868,  therefore,  that  the  Eoyal  society  held  its  next 
meeting. 


CHAPTER  V. 
MOEE  EOYAL  DECISIONS  REVIEWED. 

The  three  years  intervening  between  the  Ply- 
mouth Eoyal  and  the  next  meeting,  held  in  1868  at 
Leicester,  was  a  period  during  which  a  material 
change  of  sentiment  occurred  in  respect  to  the  type 
of  cattle  to  be  sought.  The  "Sir  Benjamin  era" 
was  npw  passing.  It  had  been  characterized  by  a 
steadfast  adherence  to  scale  coupled  with  heavy 
flesh  smoothly  disposed.  More  attention  was  now 
to  be  paid  to  quality,  and  in  this  trend  Sir  Thomas 
and  his  get  were  destined  to  receive  High  public 
favor. 

At  the  Worcester  Eoyal,  Mr.  Coleman,  the  Duke 
of  Bedford's  representative,  had  expressed  himself 
pointedly  and  emphatically  in  favor  of  paying  less 
attention  to  mere  size,  and  at  the  two  next  subse- 
quent meetings  this  sentiment  was  clearly  becoming 
more  prevalent.  Sir  Thomas  had  been  bought  in 
1864  by  Mr.  Monkhouse  of  The  Stow,  but  owing 
to  the  death  of  that  able  and  distinguished  old-time 
breeder  in  1866  his  herd  had  to  be  sold,  with  Sir 
Benjamin's  great  son  included.  Sir  Thomas,  it  will 
be  recalled,  was  bred  by  Eoberts  of  Ivingtonbury 
from  a  cow  called  Lady  Ann,  by  Arthur  Napoleon 
(910),  he  by  West  Australian  (1114),  a  son  of 

180 


MORE   ROYAL   DECISIONS   REVIEWED  181 

Curly  (801),  a  bull  imported  into  the  United  States 
in  the  early  days  of  the  Herefords  in  America  by 
Thomas  Aston  of  Elyria,  as  will  presently  be  related. 
Thanks  to  this  cow,  Sir  Thomas  is  said  to  have 
been  remarkably  good  over  the  shoulders  and  chine, 
Sir  Benjamin's  weak  points.  Sir  Thomas  was  ex- 
ceptionally long,  level  and  good,  not  only  along  his 
back  to  his  hips,  but  over  the  quarter  well  out  to 
the  tail,  which  was  well  set  on  above  an  exception- 
ally big  thigh  and  straight  hind  legs.  He  had  what 
was  called  "a  good-tempered  looking  head,  though 
thoroughly  masculine. ' '  His  chief  characteristics  he 
transmitted  to  most  of  his  offspring,  as  he  was  a 
very  prepotent  bull.  He  was  hailed  as  a  prospective 
great  improver  of  the  breed,  and  so  it  came  to  pass 
that  when  the  Monkhouse  dispersion  was  announced 
many  a  Hereford  breeder  thought  he  would  like  to 
possess  Sir  Thomas.  They  went  by  scores  to  Stow 
sale  with  the  intention  of  trying  to  purchase  the 
redoubtable  bull.  However,  the  sum  of  £409/10s. 
was  rather  a  prohibitory  price  to  most  of  them. 
Still,  there  were  two  tenant  farmers  who  contested 
it  to  the  last,  Mr.  Geo.  Pitt  of  Chadnor  and  Mr. 
Benjamin  Eogers  of  The  Grove.  It  was  to  The 
Grove,  the  birthplace  of  his  sire  Sir  Benjamin,  that 
Sir  Thomas  went  and  a  very  fortunate  purchase  it 
was,  for  he  proved  a  mine  of  wealth  to  his  new 
owner. 

The  Worcester  decisions  had  a  great  influence  in 
turning  public  opinion  towards  quality  and  shapeli- 
ness, more  especially  after  the  Battersea  verdicts. 


SIR 

THOMAS    (2228). 

SIB  BENJAMIN    (1387). 


SIR  OLIVER  2D    (1733)    AT   FIVE   YEARS   OLD— BRED   BY   THOS.   RBA   AND 
SIRE  OF  SIR  RICHARD  2D. 


Copyright  photo  .by  Bustin 
MR.   ARKWRIGHT,   WITH   HIS  FAMOUS  OLD  BULL  SIR  HUNGERFORD  (3447). 


184  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Several  of  those  had  not  been  popular  with  the  prin- 
cipal Hereford  breeders,  for  in  the  case  of  the 
champion  cow  and  the  aged  bull  the  honors  were 
not  given  in  accordance  with  the  quality  in  the  one, 
nor  the  recognized  Hereford  character  in  the  other. 
The  Worcester  show  and  the  Sir  Thomas  sale  fairly 
ushered  in  a  different  era  in  this  middle  period  of 
the  English  pedigree  Hereford,  and  each  subse- 
quent Eoyal  and  Bath  and  West  of  England  show 
confirmed  this  fact.  It  was  at  those  shows,  and 
through  the  criticism  there  passed  on  the  judging, 
that  public  opinion  among  the  breeders  and  ad- 
mirers of  the  Herefords  found  full  expression. 

Leicester  a  Turning  Point  as  to  Scale.  —  The 
Leicester  Epyal  show  of  1868  well  demonstrated 
the  tendency  just  alluded  to,  in  fact,  confirmed  it. 
In  the  aged  bull  class  Battenhall,  the  Worcester 
winner  as- a  bull  calf,  was  the  winner  again.  He  was 
well  furnished  in  all  his  points,  showing  excellent 
quality  and  good  breeding.  He  had  not  so  much 
scale  as  the  second  and  third  prize  bulls,  but  his 
good  points  were  his  by  rightful  inheritance,  as  he 
was  a  son  of  Sir  Thomas  and  out  of  Duchess  by 
King  James,  son  of  Watford.  If  he  had  not  the 
scale  of  either  of  his  two  grandfathers  he  had 
grown  into  a  deep  thick  wide  bull  that  well  met  the 
demands  of  progress. 

In  the  three-year-bull  class  it  was  entirely  quality 
that  gained  the  day  in  behalf  of  character  and  sym- 
metry, as  the  winner,  Sir  Hungerford,  bred  and 
shown  by  Mr.  John  Hungerford  Arkwright  of 


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Copyright  Photo  by  Bustin 
WALL    END.    MONKLAND— Home    of    the    Cave    family. 


186  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Hampton  Court,  was  not  so  big  as  his  competitors. 
But  with  his  nice  soft  curly  coat  and  mellow  touch, 
his  length  of  body  and  straightness  of  back,  he  was 
an  undoubted  favorite  with  both  judges  and  the 
public.  In  the  two-year-old  bulls  the  decision  was 
again  more  for  quality  than  scale,  the  award  being 
given  to  the  Adforton  bull  Brandon.  The  second 
was  a  much  bigger  one  from  the  Royal  herd,  Her 
Majesty  Queen  Victoria's  Prince  Leopold,  by  De- 
ception, a  son  of  Sir  Benjamin  bought  at  the  Mo- 
naughty  sale.  In  yearling  bulls  another  Adforton 
bull,  Landseer  (3202),  by  Artist,  a  son  of  Sir  Ben- 
jamin, took  the  prize. 

It  was  in  the  cow  class  that  a  most  marked  recog- 
nition of  quality  was  given  to  Mr.  Arkwright's 
Hampton  Beauty.  She  had  nothing  like  the  scale 
of  several  others  in  the  class,  but  she,  like  Sir  Hun- 
gerford,  was  the  decided  favorite  with  both  the 
public  and  the  judges.  One  of  the  latter  had  been 
judge  of  Herefords  before,  but  he  now  sensed  the 
popular  feeling  and  placed  Hampton  Beauty, 
rightly  named,  first.  The  Monaughty  cow  from  the 
Royal  herd  came  in  for  second  prize.  In  yearling 
heifers  it  was  Mr.  Arkwright's  small  heifer,  Lady 
Leicester,  that  had  first  place.  She  was  far  the 
smallest  heifer  in  the  class,  but  had  undoubtedly  the 
most  quality.  A  bigger  heifer  from  Hampton  Court 
only  took  reserve.  A  daughter  of  Deception  from 
the  Royal  herd  was  second,  with  Diadem  and 
Adforton  third.  In  heifer  calves  Tudge's  beau- 
tiful Silver  Star,  seen  here  for  the  first  time  and 


MORE   ROYAL   DECISIONS   REVIEWED  187 

destined  to  great  fame,  had  first  prize,  the  second 
going  to  a  much  bigger  one  from  the  Kingsland 
herd.  It  was  surely  a  great  credit  to  the  Hampton 
Court  and  Adf  orton  management  that  each  bred  and 
exhibited  three  first  prize  winners  at  this  notable 
show. 

Quality  Again  Triumphs  at  Manchester.  —  In 
1869,  the  country  now  having  settled  down  com- 
pletely after  the  rinderpest  and  owners  and  cattle 
breeders  breathing  more  freely  after  knowing  that 
the  dread  disease  was  a  thing  of  the  past,  the  Eoyal 
was  held  at  Manchester,  and  was  the  most  successful 
meeting  up  to  that  time.  As  at  Leicester,  quality 
seemed  to  be  the  leading  feature  in  all  breeds,  in  the 
Hereford  perhaps  more  particularly  so  than  else- 
where. In  the  aged  bull  class  Mr.  Arkwright's  Sir 
Hungerford  again  took  first.  He  had  been  a  great 
favorite  at  the  Leicester  meeting  and  was  even 
more  popular  at  Manchester,  his  level  even  form 
and  splendid  quality  coming  in  for  almost  universal 
approbation.  He  was  just  the  type  breeders  and 
buyers  wanted.  The  second  prize  bull,  Young  Con- 
queror, from  Berrington,  one  of  the  late  Lord  Ber- 
wick's "  breed, "  was  scarcely  noticed.  Sir  Hunger- 
ford  was  got  by  a  son  of  Sir  Thomas. 

In  the  three-year-olds  a  new  exhibitor,  Mr.  Morris 
of  Madley,  with  a  son  of  Sir  Thomas  called  The 
Stow  had  the  winner.  This  was  not  a  big  bull  by 
any  means,  but  he  was  squarely  built.  The  second 
went  to  Prince  Leopold  from  the  Eoyal  herd.  He 
had  scale,  but  not  the  requisite  quality.  In  two- 


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HOME    OF    J.    P.    PROSSER,    TREVITHEL    COURT. 


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ENDALE  AND  HOLMER,  PRIZE  BULLS  AT  SHEEPCOTE. 


A  TRIO   OF  GOOD    HEIFERS   AT 


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'WESTONBURY." 


190  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

year-olds  a  well  made  bull  from  Wintercott,  Leo- 
minster  3d,  gained  first  prize.  He  was  a  son  of 
Tomboy,  a  Sir  Thomas  bull,  his  dam  by  the 
Worcester  Eoyal  winner  Adforton.  He  had  all  the 
appearances  of  making  a  good  bull.  The  others  in 
the  class  had  not  the  same  quality.  In  bull  calves 
an  Adforton  entry,  Ostorius,  a  son  of  the  Leicester 
winner  Brandon,  was  an  easy  winner.  He  had  fair 
scale  and  quality. 

The  cow  class  was  not  so  large  in  numbers,  but 
was  exceptionally  good.  Sir  Benjamin's  wonderful 
daughter,  Queen  of  the  Lilies,  bred  at  Monaughty, 
her  dam  a  daughter  of  Borderer,  bred  from  James 
Rea  's  best  strain,  was  a  magnificent  animal  of  great 
scale  but  absolutely  level,  and  with  capital  quality 
as  well.  The  second  prize,  Lady  Adforton,  bred 
by  Tudge,  was  a  remarkably  good  cow,  a  credit  to 
any  breed,  but  here  fairly  beaten.  Among  the  three- 
year-old  in-calf  heifers  Diadem  from  the  Adforton 
herd,  a  marvelously  good  heifer  by  Chieftain  4th 
(Brandon's  sire)  and  from  Deborah,  by  Pilot 
(2156),  gained  the  first  prize.  She  was  not  so  big 
as  some  in  the  class,  but  had  fine  quality.  She  had 
stood  only  third  at  Leicester,  not  being  so  well  up 
in  condition  for  show;  the  winner  then,  Lady 
Leicester,  was  now  only  reserve. 

In  yearling  heifers  the  prize-winner  came  again 
from  Adforton,  now  to  almost  a  model  of  what  a 
Hereford  ought  to  be — Silver  Star,  which  had  been 
winner  in  the  young  heifer  class  at  Leicester. 
She  was  a  daughter  of  Stanway  (2790),  by  Pilot, 


MORE   ROYAL   DECISIONS   REVIEWED  191 

by  The  Grove  (1764),  her  dam  being  by  Harold 
(2029),  another  son  of  The  Grove,  making  her 
rather  inbred.  Yet  she  had  plenty  of  constitution 
and  was  well-nigh  perfect  in  form. 

In  heifer  calves  another  Adforton  heifer  gained 
first  prize.  This  was  Lady  Brandon,  a  daughter 
of  Brandon  from  Lady  Adforton,  the  winner  of  the 
second  prize  at  the  Manchester  Royal.  She  had  also 
been  second  to  Queen  of  the  Lilies  at  the  Bath  and 
West  of  England  meeting.  This  was  a  wonderfully 
good  performance  on  the  daughter's  part,  for  Mr. 
Tudge  tells  us:  "She  was  the  smallest  calf  I  ever 
saw  born  to  its  natural  time.  Her  mother  had  only 
a  day  or  two  returned  from  a  local  show.  We  had 
just  loosed  her  out  of  her  box,  my  father  and  I. 
When  she  stepped  in  the  fold-yard  she  calved  Lady 
Brandon  standing.  I  ran  up  and  picked  up  the  little 
calf,  which  was  as  lively  as  possible,  carrying  it 
indoors  on  my  two  hands,  and  just  within  a  few 
days  of  twelve  months  old  she  gained  first  prize  at 
the  Royal."  A  very  good  heifer  belonging  to  Mr. 
Thomas  Fenn,  Duchess  of  Bedford  6th,  was  second. 

A  new  admirer  of  first-class  pedigree  Herefords, 
and  purchaser  of  the  best  to  commence  a  herd  with, 
appeared  at  this  show.  He  was  a  Scotch  nobleman, 
the  Earl  of  Southesk,  who  bought  Queen  of  the  Lil- 
ies, Diadem,  and  the  winning  young  bull  Ostorious. 

Rogers  and  His  Tall  Herdsman. — Thos.  Rogers 
of  Coxall,  the  owner  of  a  fine  herd  that  is  said 
to  have  gained  upwards  of  200  prizes  at  various 
times  and  places,  was  an  exhibitor  here,  and  a  some- 


192  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

what  amusing  occurrence  took  place  in  connection 
with  the  awarding  of  the  third  prize  to  his  Coxall 
Beauty.  She  was  a  good  heifer,  but  a  little  inclined 
to  droop  in  the  back,  and  Eogers  had  no  doubt  told 
his  herdsman  who  led  her  in  to  keep  her  head  well 
down  when  standing,  so  as  not  to  show  the  fault. 
The  man  was  very  tall,  quite  six  feet,  and  very  thin. 
The  heifer  being  comparatively  small  he  had  to 
stoop  a  great  deal  to  keep  her  head  down,  which 
was  very  conspicuous,  much  to  Eogers '  annoyance. 
But  the  more  he  gesticulated  the  lower  the  man  held 
her  head,  until  one  of  the  judges  finally  said  loud 
enough  for  all  to  hear,  "We  can  quite  see  what  is 
the  matter,  my  man,  but  you  deserve  the  prize  for 
the  heifer,"  and  she  had  it. 

Stanway,  Silver  Star  and  the  Australians. — 
In  1870  the  Eoyal  returned  to  its  birthplace,  Ox- 
ford, where  indeed,  the  Herefords  were  a  splendid 
lot  and  greatly  .admired.  In  the  aged  bull  class 
Stanway  (2790)  won  first  prize.  He  was  the  prop- 
erty of  Sir  Joseph  Bailey,  but  was  bred  at  Adforton 
and  had  here  a  very  easy  win,  for  he  was  a  grand 
animal  girthing  9  feet  4  inches,  just  5  inches  bigger 
through  the  heart  than  Bolivar,  the  champion  Short- 
horn. Although  Stanway  had  great  scale  he  pos- 
sessed first-class  quality,  and  was  remarkably  level 
in  his  lines.  It  was  unanimously  allowed  that  he 
was  the  best  male  animal  of  all  breeds  in  the  yard. 
He  was  a  son  of  Pilot  (2156),  by  The  Grove  (1764), 
from  the  same  dam  as  Brandon.  Second  to  him  was 
Prince  Leopold  from  the  Eoyal  herd.  This  was  the 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustln 
COURT  OF  NOKE,  HOME  OF  THE  LATE  EDWAKD  FABB. 


Copyright  photo  by  Buatin 
LOWEB  EATON— SEAT  OF  C.   T.  PULLEY. 


194  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

third  time  he  had  occupied  the  same  position  at  the 
Royal  show,  Stow  having  been  once  put  above  him; 
but  they  now  changed  places. 

In  the  three-year-old  class  Her  Majesty  the 
Queen  by  common  consent  deservedly  won  first  with 
Prince  Albert  Edward  (3540),  a  son  of  Deception 
by  Sir  Benjamin,  remarkably  good  over  chine,  top 
and  shoulders,  with  nice  style,  character  and  qual- 
ity, and  afterwards  sold  to  go  to  Australia.  The 
winning  bull  in  the  under-two-year  class  was  Mr. 
Philip  Turner's  Trojan,  by  Franky,  Walford's  son 
from  Exquisite  by  Sir  David,  a  very  level  nice  qual- 
ity bull  and  like  the  winner  in  the  preceding  class 
sold  to  go  to  Australia. 

In  the  cow  class  one  of  the  neatest,  prettiest  cows 
ever  shown  took  first  prize.  This  was  Thomas 
Rogers'  Silk.  With  a  coat  certainly  like  silk,  she 
was  the  smallest  cow  in  the  class,  quite  in  contrast 
with  the  previous  year's  winner,  Queen  of  the  Lil- 
ies, but  in  the  general  opinion  equally  as  well  en- 
titled to  premier  position  now.  She  had  splendid 
quality,  was  level  as  a  floor,  and  the  other  cows 
looked  altogether  plain  by  comparison.  In  three- 
year-olds  the  beautiful  heifer  from  Adf orton,  Silver 
Star,  won  her  third  first  prize  at  the  Royal.  She 
had  previously  been  first  at  Leicester  and  Manches- 
ter, at  two  Bath  and  West  of  England  meetings,  at 
Southampton,  and  at  Taunton,  and  she  had  won 
Lord  Tredegar's  cup  at  Newport.  The  late  Mr. 
Housman,  who  was  a  well  recognized  authority  on 
prize  animals  of  this  and  a  later  period,  called  her 


MORE   ROYAL   DECISIONS  REVIEWED  195 

"a  perfect  model  of  what  a  show  animal  ought  to 
be."  She  had  plenty  of  scale,  and  in  type,  char- 
acter and  form  was  called  faultless.  A  daughter 
of  the  first  prize  aged  bull  Stanway,  she  very  much 
resembled  her  sire  and  in  her  case,  as  it  was  in  his, 
she  was  universally  considered  and  allowed  to  be 
the  best  of  her  sex  in  the  showyard,  of  any  breed. 
Mr.  Philip  Turner's  good-looking  Silvia  was  second 
to  her  as  before.  Silver  Star,  like  most  of  the  win- 
ners and  best  Herefords  at  this  Oxford  show,  was 
sold  to  Messrs.  Barnes  and  Smith  of  Dyrabba,  New 
South  Wales,  to  go  to  Australia  with  her  companion 
Lady  Brandon,  the  winner  of  the  second  prize  in  the 
next  class.  Eight  royally  did  Silver  Star  repay 
her  buyer ;  Mr.  Smith  on  a  visit  to  England  in  1900, 
just  thirty  years  afterwards,  said  that  he  had  now 
"300  Silver  Stars,  all  descended  from  that  one 
heifer  and  all  marked  exactly  as  she  was,  of  the 
true  Hereford  color."  On  his  return  he  sent  back 
to  England  a  photo  of  150  of  these  all  facing  the 
camera,  and  a  bonny  sight  they  must  have  been. 

The  Hereford  display  at  the  Oxford  meeting  was 
one  of  the  best  ever  seen  at  a  Eoyal  show,  and  the 
most  satisfactory  for  the  exhibitors — the  Australian 
buyers  purchasing  so  many  and  at  such  good  prices. 
With  them,  as  with  the  Herefordshire  breeders  now, 
quality  was  the  first  consideration.  That  this  was 
truly  the  watchword  of  the  hour  was  thoroughly  ex- 
emplified by  the  Oxford  awards.  They  were  made 
by  Mr.  S.  W.  Urwick  and  by  Mr.  Yeomans  of  Brecon- 
shire,  an  uncle  of  Mr.  J.  H.  Yeomans,  now  of  Wit- 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustin 
PAIR    OF   STEERS    WITH    OLD-FASHIONED    HORNS. 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustin 
A    FAMILY   GROUP    AT   ARTHUR    P.    TURNER'S. 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustin 

GEO.    BUTTERS   OF   HILL  HOUSE   HOLDING   HIS   ROYAL  PRIZE   BULL, 
SAILOR   PRINCE. 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustin. 

A   GROUP   OF  FAVORITE   OLD   BREEDING   COWS  AT  HAMPTON   COURT   IN 
THE    EARLY    EIGHTIES. 


198  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

tington,  who  acted  as  clerk  for  the  two  judges  and 
entered  Stanway's  girth  on  the  official  sheets  at 
the  time  as  being  the  largest  they  had  ever  known. 
The  bull's  substance  was  so  combined  with  quality, 
however,  and  he  was  so  smooth  and  level  in  all  his 
points,  that  until  his  girth  was  taken  it  was  not  real- 
ized how  big  he  actually  was. 

Wolverhampton  and  Cardiff. — The  year  following 
the  two  great  shows  at  Manchester  and  Oxford  came 
that  at  Wolverhampton.  This  was  scarcely  equal  to 
the  Oxford  show  in  outstanding  animals,  although 
the  Herefords  came  out  remarkably  well  in  point  of 
numbers  shown  and  in  most  cases  in  point  of  quality 
also. 

The  winner  in  the  aged  bull  class  was  Monaughty 
3d,  that  had  been  second  to  that  exceptionally  good 
bull  of  Her  Majesty,  Prince  Albert  Edward,  at  Ox- 
ford. He  was  then  scarcely  so  well  up  in  show  con- 
dition, but  now  with  another  year  he  had  grown  into 
a  bull  of  good  character  and  quality,  indeed,  a  type 
of  what  a  Hereford  bull  should  be.  Second  to  him 
was  the  thick,  square,  good-looking  Bachelor,  a  son 
of  the  Adforton  bull  Douglas  from  a  Sir  Thomas 
cow.  In  the  three-year-old  bulls  Eoyal  Head,  a  mas- 
sive one  from  Mr.  Kingsland's  herd,  was  first.  He 
had  both  character  and  style.  The  second  in  the 
class  was  Ostorius,  bred  at  Adforton  and  first  at 
Manchester.  The  third  was  a  remarkably  nice  level 
bull,  Mr.  Philip  Turner's  Provost,  a  son  of  Bachelor. 
He  really  had  the  most  quality  of  any  in  the  class. 
In  yearling  bulls  Mr.  E.  HilPs  nice-quality  bull, 


MORE   ROYAL   DECISIONS   REVIEWED  199 

Pearl  Diver,  was  first.  His  sire  Triumph  was  a  son 
of  Sir  Thomas, 

In  cows,  Ivington  Eose,  a  daughter  of  Sir  Thomas 
resembling  her  sire  very  much  in  color,  character  and 
evenness  of  form,  had  first  prize,  and  by  general 
agreement  she  well  deserved  it.  P.  Turner's  Silvia, 
by  Franky,  took  second  place.  In  two-year-old  heif- 
ers, a  large  and  good  class,  Turner  won  first  with 
Earity,  a  daughter  of  Bachelor  and  a  perfect  beauty, 
but  shown  at  the  very  great  disadvantage  of  being 
only  three  weeks  too  old  for  the  younger  class ;  still 
she  won  among  a  lot  of  good  ones  in  spite  of  giving 
away  the  eleven  months.  John  Harding  took  second 
with  Dahlia,  a  nice  daugter  of  Symmetry.  In  year- 
ling heifers  he  was  more  successful,  winning  first 
with  another  daughter  of  Symmetry,  Lizzie  Jeffreys, 
in  a  good  class  of  sixteen.  Turner's  Plum,  another 
handsome  daughter  of  Bachelor,  very  much  of  the 
Sir  Thomas  type,  was  second.  The  heifer  calves 
were  as  good  a  lot  as  one  often  sees  together,  Thomas 
Fenn  winning  with  Lady  of  the  Fenn,  which  dis- 
played quality,  character  and  style.  This  Wolver- 
hampton  meeting  was  a  splendid  .show  of  pedigree 
Herefords,  and  again  the  greater  part  of  the  best 
were  sold  to  go  to  Australia. 

At  Cardiff  in  1872  there  was  another  excellent 
entry  of  Herefords.  There  were  many  good  local 
herds  thereabouts  and  it  was  also  near  to  the  home 
county.  Stephen  Eobinson's  Bachelor  (2941),  sold 
to  Philip  Turner,  was  here  brought  out  in  greatly 
improved  form  and  headed  the  aged  bulls.  He  was 


200  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

rich  in  the  blood  of  Sir  David  and  proved  a  good 
sire.  His  dam  was  Spinster,  by  Sir  Thomas.  The 
second  prize  bull  in  this  class  was  Provost,  a  very 
good  son  of  Bachelor  only  a  week  and  two  days  too 
old  for  the  younger  class.  He  was  full  of  quality 
with  style  and  character.  In  the  bull  calf  class 
Thomas  Fenn's  Cap  Hall,  by  Severus  2d,  was  placed 
first  and  Eegulus  (4076)  from  Adforton,  a  son  of 
Sir  Eoger  (4133),  sire  of  Lord  Wilton  and  son  of 
Sir  Thomas,  was  placed  second,  but  the  general 
opinion  was  that  this  should  have  been  reversed. 
Eegulus  was  destined  to  attain  much  renown. 

In  the  cow  class  at  Cardiff  Ivington  Eose  was 
again  placed  first,  as  she  had  been  at  Wolverhampton 
the  year  before.  She  was  a  grand  show  cow,  long 
and  level,  with  splendid  color  and  character,  quite 
like  Sir  Thomas  in  type.  The  second  prize  cow  Silk 
2d,  a  neat  one,  royally  bred,  was  by  Battenhall,  prize- 
winning  son  of  Sir  Thomas,  and  her  dam,  Silk,  was 
first  at  the  Oxford  Eoyal.  In  three-year-old  heifers 
Mr.  W.  Thomas  won  first  with  Sunflower,  a  fine  styl- 
ish good-looking  heifer  properly  put  above  Turner's 
Plum.  Mr.  Thomas  was  third  also  with  another  good 
one  in  a  strong  class.  In  two-year-olds  Thomas  again 
won  first  prize  with  Eosalind,  by  Sir  John  3d,  the 
sire  of  his  two  previously  winning  heifers  also.  This 
heifer  had  been  placed  below  the  second  and  third 
at  Wolverhampton,  but  now  very  fairly  beat  them. 
In  heifer  calves  Mr.  Turner's  Euby,  a  daughter  of 
Bachelor,  deservedly  won  first. 

Cardiff  was  the  fourth  successive  meeting  of  the 


QUEEN  OP  THE  LILIES,  AT  SIX  YEARS  NINE  MONTHS  OLD. 


IVINGTON   ROSE   AT  SEVEN   YEARS. 


202  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Koyal  society  at  which  the  Herefords  came  out  in 
strong  force,  and  with  first-rate  quality;  indeed, 
they  were  generally  allowed  to  be  the  leading  breed 
in  each  case,  and  this  notwithstanding  the  fact  that 
large  numbers  of  the  best  were  being  sold  to  Au- 
stralia and  other  countries.  The  breed  was  now 
growing  rich  in  good  showyard  material,  so  that 
other  good  ones  each  year  took  the  places  of  those 
exported. 

Hull  and  Bedford.— After  four  such  successful 
Royal  shows  of  first-class  Herefords  as  these  just 
mentioned,  Hull  was  rather  weak  in  comparison, 
being  considered  so  far  from  their  native  county, 
but  good  animals  were  on  view.  In  the  aged  bull 
class  Provost,  second  to  his  sire  Bachelor  at  Cardiff, 
where  he  was  only  about  a  week  too  old  for  the 
younger  class,  with  the  extra  year's  age  now  well 
won  the  leading  prize.  Second  to  him  was  the  big 
bull  Von  Moltke,  with  wonderful  depth  and  width 
in  front,  but  not  showing  the  square  hindquarter 
and  straight  hind  legs  of  the  winner.  In  the  three- 
year-olds  Winter  De  Cote,  bred  at  Wintercott,  a 
bull  of  great  scale  and  substance  but  wanting  in 
condition,  had  an  easy  win  in  his  class.  He  was  a 
son  of  the  Manchester  Eoyal  winner  Leominster  3d, 
from  the  Wintercott  Pink  family.  In  the  bull  calf 
class  a  son  of  Winter  De  Cote  called  Student  won 
first,  and  well  sustained  the  honor  of  his  sire. 

In  the  cow  class  Ivington  Bose  again  won  first, 
looking  as  fresh  and  as  well  as  ever.  In  three-year- 
old  heifers  the  Earl  of  Southesk's  Desdemona, 


MORE   ROYAL   DECISIONS   REVIEWED  203 

daughter  of  the  Manchester  Eoyal  winner,  won  first, 
and  quite  maintained  her  mother's  reputation.  In 
two-year-olds  Philip  Turner  won  both  first  and  sec- 
ond. Exquisite,  by  Provost,  rightly  named,  had 
first,  and  Satellite,  a  daughter  of  Bachelor,  second. 

At  the  Bedford  meeting  of  1874  the  Herefords 
were  larger  in  number  than  at  Hull,  being  nearer 
the  home  county.  In  aged  bulls  Winter  De  Cote 
took  first.  He  had  been  the  winner  in  the  three- 
year-old  class  at  Hull.  Then  he  wanted  more  time 
and  condition;  now  with  another  year  he  came  out 
fit,  a  deep  massive  bull.  Bachelor,  the  Cardiff 
winner,  had  second  place.  In  two-year-old  bulls  the 
Showle  Court  herd  produced  an  easy  winner  in  Mr. 
Taylor 's  Tredegar.  His  sire,  Mercury  ( 3967 ) , bred  by 
Philip  Turner,  was  by  Jupiter,  a  grandson  of  Walford. 
He  had  the  appearance  of  making,  when  developed, 
a  grand  show  animal.  In  the  bull  calf  class  Eegu- 
lator  from  the  Adforton  herd  had  just  as  easy  a  win 
as  Tredegar,  looking  also  like  making  a  great  bull. 

In  the  cow  class  Mr.  Thomas  of  St.  Hillary, 
took  first  with  Eosaline,  one  of  his  Cardiff  Eoyal 
winners  in  the  heifer  class.  Mr.  Turner  in  two- 
year-old  heifers  was  again  first  and  second,  this 
time  with  Verbena,  by  Provost,  first,  and  Isabel, 
by  Mercury  and  from  a  daughter  of  Bachelor,  sec- 
ond. 

The  Dam  of  Old  Anxiety  Appears. — In  heifer 
calves  at  Bedford  Mr.  Carwardine  of  Stocktonbury 
supplied  the  winner,  Helena,  by  De  Cote,  a  remark- 
ably good  one  as  straight  as  a  line  from  end  to  end, 


Copyright  photo  by  Buatin 
BEFORE  THE  DISPERSION   OP  1901— WM.   PRICE  OF  THE  VERN. 


"Copyright  photo  by  Bustln 
JOHN  PRICE  AND  SOME  OF  HIS  SHOWYARD  TROPHIES.' 


206  A  HISTORY  OP  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

a  real  show  heifer.  Her  dam,  Regina,  was  by  Heart 
of  Oak,  a  Monaughty-bred  bull.  Those  who  follow 
our  story  closely  will  again  meet  this  charming 
heifer,  the  future  dam  of  the  great  bull  Anxiety. 
.  It  thus  appears  that  three  grand  animals  made 
their  first  appearance  in  public  at  Bedford  show: 
Tredegar,  a  champion  winner  many  times;  Regula- 
tor, the  companion  bull  to  Lord  Wilton,  after  win- 
ning at  the  Bath  and  West  of  England  sold  to  go  to 
New  Zealand;  and  Helena,  one  of  Stocktonbury 's 
greatest  celebrities. 

The  Taunton  Show  of  1875.— The  Taunton  Royal 
of  1875  was  an  improvement  on  the  Bedford 
show  of  the  year  previous,  as  that  had  been  over 
the  one  at  Hull  the  year  before.  Several  celebrated 
Herefords  were  competitors.  In  aged  bulls  Mr. 
Edwards'  Winter  De  Cote,  now  a  long,  deep  and 
massive  animal,  took  first  prize  for  the  third  time 
at  the  Royal  shows.  He  was  a  bull  with  plenty  of 
scale,  character  and  style  and  full  of  thick  heavy 
natural  flesh.  Mr.  H.  J.  Bailey's  King  of  the  Dale, 
a  straight  lengthy  bull  also  of  good  scale  and  fairly 
good  character,  but  lacking  the  substance  and  weight 
of  flesh  of  the  winner,  was  second.  In  two-year- 
olds  Mr.  Taylor's  good  bull  and  previous  winner, 
Tredegar,  took  the  lead.  He  had  all  the  character- 
istics of  a  high-class  Hereford  bull,  with  nice  color, 
character  and  style,  and  scored  a  very  easy  win. 

Lord  Wilton  as  a  Yearling.— In  the  yearling 
bull  class  at  Taunton  the  prize  was  conceded  to  Mr. 
Tudge's  Lord  Wilton,  a  straight  lengthy  youngster 


HORACE  2D  (4655)  AT  TWO  YEARS— BRED  BY  J.  PRICE,  COURT  HOUSE. 


GAUCI'S  DRAWING  OP  LORD  WILTON  (4740)  AT  SEVEN  YEARS  TEN 
MONTHS. 


208  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

with  wide  top,  first-class  character,  beautiful  qual- 
ity and  style.  At  the  Bath  and  West  of  England 
meeting  at  Croydon  a  month  before  he  had  been 
very  much  fancied.  His  owner  not  being  there,  Mr. 
Thomas  Duckham,  the  editor  of  the  Hereford  book, 
said  to  an  Australian  who  desired  to  buy  the  bull, 
"I  know  Mr.  Tudge  very  well,  and  I  will  telegraph 
for  his  price."  A  Mr.  Lawrence,  Mr.  Lewis  Lloyd's 
agent,  overheard  this  and  as  he  related  afterward 
he  ran  as  fast  as  he  could  and  wired:  "How  much 
for  Lord  Wilton  V9  Mr.  Tudge  happened  to  be  in 
the  house  upon  the  receipt  of  the  message,  and  at 
once  replied:  "150  guineas. "  As  the  boy  went 
back  with  this  reply  he  met  Mr.  Duckham 's  mes- 
senger arriving  with  the  same  query  as  to  price. 
But  he  was  too  late,  the  bull  was  sold.  While  Mr. 
Lloyd  did  not  have  the  good  fortune  to  reap  his 
due  reward  as  a  result  of  this  purchase,  as  appears 
further  on,  his  representative  is  to  be  credited 
with  having  saved  this  afterwards  celebrated  sire 
to  England  and  the  United  States. 

In  Hereford  cows  Thomas  Fenn  won  first,  beating 
the  prize  cow  of  the  year  before,  Mr.  Thomas'  Rosa- 
line. The  winner,  Lady  Stanton,  had  scale,  quality 
and  character — a  splendid  Hereford  cow  well 
brought  out.  In  heifers  under  three  years,  Mr. 
James,  a  south  country  Hereford  breeder,  won  first 
prize  with  Eosebud,  a  remarkably  neat  level  heifer 
nicely  marked.  A  very  pretty  little  heifer,  she  had 
been  second  the  year  before  at  the  Eoyal  to  Mr. 
P.  Turner's  Verbena,  but  she  now  turned  the  tables 


MORE   ROYAL   DECISIONS   REVIEWED  209 

upon  her  larger  opponent.  In  yearling  heifers 
Carwardine's  Helena  came  to  the  fore  again,  an  un- 
doubted winner.  She  now  had  splendid  character 
and  quality,  was  exceptionally  level  and  in  fine 
bloom.  She  was  truly  called  i  i  the  beautiful  Helena. ' ' 
Second  to  her  was  Mr.  W.  Taylor's  Cherry,  by  Mer- 
cury. In  heifer  calves  Mr.  Edwards'  Mabel,  by 
Winter  De  Cote,  was  first. 

Big  Good  Classes  at  Birmingham. — The  Here- 
fords  were  out  in  full  strength  at  the  Birmingham 
Eoyal  of  1876.  In  the  aged  bulls  Mr.  Taylor's 
Tredegar  was  looking  remarkably  well,  with  his  wide 
table-back  and  his  body  well  let  down  at  both  ends. 
With  his  nice  markings,  character  and  style,  he  well 
deserved  his  third  Eoyal  first.  Second  to  him  was 
Warren  Evans'  Von  Moltke  2d.  He  had  been  alter- 
nately scoring  first  and  second  places  with  the  sec- 
ond of  the  previous  year,  Mr.  Bailey's  King  of  the 
Dale.  They  were  bulls  of  very  different  types.  Von 
Moltke  2d  was  extraordinarily  wide  and  good  in  his 
forehand,  exceptionally  so  in  his  brisket  and  over 
his  shoulders  and  chine,  but  he  was  not  so  square 
and  good  in  his  hindquarters,  nor  so  straight  in  his 
hind  legs  as  the  first,  nor  the  third  winner,  Mr. 
Thomas  Myddleton's  Baron  4th.  However,  he  was 
the  biggest  in  his  girth,  measuring  9  feet  2  inches. 

In  the  three-year-old  bulls  Mr.  Thomas'  Horace 
2d,  a  bull  of  character  and  quality,  had  first  prize. 
He  was  by  Horace  (3877),  but  had  not  the  length 
of  some  of  his  opponents.  He  was  "well  grown 
together,"  however.  Second  to  him  was  Lord 


210  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Compton,  a  son  of  Ivington  Rose,  but  not  as  well 
filled  out  as  his  dam.  The  next  bull  class  was  well 
contested,  Mr.  W.  Taylor's  Thoughtful  now  being 
put  first.  He  was  a  long  deep  level  bull  with  great 
substance  and  wealth  of  flesh.  Second  to  him  was 
Sir  Edward,  a  son  of  Winter  De  Cote,  that  had 
been  placed  first  at  the  Bath  and  West  of  England 
a  month  before.  Now  it  was  reversed.  Mr.  Tay- 
lor's prize  bull  of  the  year  before,  Taunton,  had 
meantime  given  way  to  Sir  Edward,  a  bull  of  nice 
style  and  character  but  with  not  quite  the  depth, 
length  and  substance  of  the  other. 

In  the  cow  class  at  Birmingham  a  remarkably 
level  good  cow  from  Adforton,  Mr.  Tudge's  Rose- 
bud, by  Sir  Thomas  (2228),  carried  first  prize.  She 
was  a  long  dark  red  with  splendid  character  and 
first-rate  quality,  a  true  type  of  a  Hereford  cow. 
Second  to  her  was  Mr.  Thomas'  famous  Rosaline, 
still  a  good-looking  cow.  Three  times  she  had  been 
a  first  prize  Royal  winner,  as  a  cow  at  Bedford,  as 
a  heifer  at  Cardiff,  and  as  one  of  two  offspring  at 
Bristol.  She  had  been  second  to  Lady  Stanton  in 
1875  and  was  now  second  to  Rosebud,  truly  a  good 
career. 

In  three-year-olds  Helena  again  headed  her  class. 
This  was  her  third  Royal  win,  and  well  she  deserved 
it,  so  marked  was  her  splendid  character,  style  and 
touch.  Warren  Evans  came  second  with  Lady 
Blanche,  a  daughter  of  his  Von  Moltke  2d.  Like 
her  sire  she  was  grand  in  front,  with  thick  wide 
big  forehand,  broad  chine  and  top,  but  also  like  her 


ANXIETY    (5188)    AT   NINE    MONTHS. 


HELENA   AT  TWO   YEARS   OLD— DAM  OF  ANXIETY    (5188). 


212  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD  CATTLE 

sire  falling  away  behind.  In  two-year-old  heifers 
Mrs.  Edwards  was  first  with  Mabel,  a  winner  of 
1875,  a  heifer  of  nice  character,  style  and  quality. 
In  the  next  class  Mrs.  Edwards  had  two  splendid 
yearling  heifers  both,  like  the  previous  winner, 
daughters  of  Winter  De  Cote.  These  were  Beatrice 
and  Leonora,  both  of  whose  dams  were  by  Tomboy. 
The  judges  gave  first  to  Beatrice,  but  the  other  was 
the  general  favorite.  They  were  two  grand  heifers, 
Leonora  subsequently  growing  into  one  of  the  sen- 
sational show  cows  of  her  time. 

Anxiety  Appears  at  Liverpool. — There  was  a 
great  show  of  Herefords  both  in  number  and  qual- 
ity at  the  Liverpool  Eoyal  of  1877.  In  the  aged 
bulls  Tredegar  came  out  again  in  grand  form.  He 
looked  well  at  Birmingham,  but  was  still  better  at 
Liverpool,  being  now  exceptionally  wide  and  square, 
with  his  brisket  almost  touching  the  ground.  He 
was  called  "a  fine  type  of  a  first-class  Hereford 
show  bull."  Horace  2d  was  his  only  opponent.  He 
had  been  a  first  prize  winner  at  Birmingham,  but 
was  now  fairly  beaten.  The  winner  in  three-year- 
olds  here  was  another  of  Mr.  Taylor's  sons  of  Mer- 
cury (the  sire  of  Tredegar),  Thoughtful,  the  bull 
that  had  occupied  the  same  position  in  his  class  the 
year  before  and  had  again  defeated  the  Wintercott 
bull,  Sir  Edward.  In  the  next  class,  that  of  two- 
year-old  bulls,  the  Bath  and  West  of  England  judg- 
ing was  completely  altered;  the  winner  there  was 
not  mentioned  at  Liverpool,  and  Victor,  a  son  of 
Winter  De  Cote,  was  given  first  prize.  He  had  only 


MORE   ROYAL   DECISIONS   REVIEWED  213 

received  H.  C.  at  the  Bath  and  West  and  Telescope, 
unnoticed  there,  was  placed  second  here.  In  bull 
calves  the  first  prize  at  both  the  Bath  and  West  of 
England  and  the  Royal  was  given  to  Anxiety,  by 
Longhorns,  and  a  son  of  Carwardine's  celebrated 
Helena.  Like  his  dam  he  had  splendid  quality,  a 
beautiful  coat  and  a  touch  as  good  as  could  be 
wished.  His  head,  though,  was  faulted  for  the 
horns  going  up  too  much.  However,  it  was  con- 
ceded that  he  was  well  entitled  to  his  place  in  this 
class.  Second  to  him  was  another  from  Stockton- 
bury,  The  Sultan,  by  the  same  sire.  He  had  not 
quite  the  quality  and  touch  of  his  half-brother. 
Third  prize  went  to  Field  Marshal  from  the  Coston 
Hall  herd,  an  offshoot  of  the  Adforton  stock.  He 
was  by  Cannon  Ball,  grandson  of  Sir  Benjamin. 

In  the  breeding  cow  class  two  champions  of  re- 
nown met — Rosebud  from  Adforton,  a  daughter  of 
Sir  Thomas,  that  had  been  the  winner  at  Birming- 
ham as  well  as  a  champion  of  the  county  shows, 
and  the  hitherto  unbeaten  Helena  from  Stockton- 
bury.  It  was  of  course  a  matter  of  opinion,  but 
Hereford  men  generally  agreed  with  the  judging. 
Rosebud  was  long  and  level,  a  rich  dark  red,  nice- 
ly marked,  wide-backed  and  straight  as  a  line  from 
head  to  tail.  Helena  had  more  depth  in  front,  with 
nice  flesh  evenly  and  well  laid  on,  but  was  not  quite 
a  match  for  her  antagonist.  The  third  prize 
Giantess,  rightly  named,  for  she  had  very  great 
scale,  was  evenly  made  for  so  big  an  animal  and 
had  first-rate  quality  and  character.  In  three-year- 


214  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

old  heifers  Mrs.  Edwards'  Mabel  for  the  third  time 
won  Eoyal  honors,  though  it  was  quite  a  matter  of 
choice  between  the  three  tops.  A  good-looking 
daughter  of  Ivington  Eose  was  placed  second,  and 
the  Adf orton  heifer  Beatrice,  winner  of  several  first 
prizes  at  local  and  county  shows,  was  given  third. 
The  latter  had  splendid  character  and  perhaps  bet- 
ter style  than  either. 

In  yearling  heifers  Mrs.  Edwards  again  exhibited 
Leonora  and  Beatrice.  The  latter  had  been  placed 
first  the  year  before,  but  Leonora  was  undoubtedly 
the  better  now.  A  grand  heifer  she  was,  with  plenty 
of  scale,  as  level  as  possible,  and  with  nice  charac- 
ter. In  heifer  calves  Mrs.  Edwards  was  again  first 
with  Beatrice  2d  from  the  same  dam  as  the  other 
Beatrice.  Second  went  to  Mr.  Taylor  for  Lanca- 
shire Lass.  In  a  new  class  for  best  cow  with  two 
offspring  the  prize  was  won  by  Mr.  Taylor  with 
Hazel,  a  twelve-year-and-ten-month-old  cow,  with 
her  two  sons,  Taunton,  by  Triumph  2d,  and  Trede- 
gar  3d,  by  Tredegar.  Mr.  Thomas  Nott  of  Letton 
took  second  prize  with  a  daughter  of  Chieftain  3d. 

The  Bristol  Winners.— -The  show  of  1878  was 
held  at  Bristol.  Herefords  were  not  so  well  repre- 
sented here  as  at  Birmingham  and  Liverpool,  but 
many  very  good  ones  supported  well  the  honor  of 
the  breed.  In  the  aged  bulls  Mr.  Taylor's  Thought- 
ful, a  son  of  Mercury,  by  Jupiter,  the  sire  of  Trede- 
gar, satisfactorily  filled  his  half  brother's  place. 
This  was  his  third  first  prize  Eoyal  win;  he  was 
first  as  a  two-year-old  at  Birmingham,  as  a  three- 


THOUGHTFUL     (5083)     AT    THREE    YEARS    TEN    MONTHS— BRED    BY 
W.    TAYLOR,   SHOWLE   COURT. 


GRATEFUL   (4622)    AT  FIVE  YEARS— BRED  BY  AARON  ROGERS. 


216  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

year-old  at  Liverpool,  and  now  at  Bristol  was  win- 
ner in  the  aged  class.  At  the  Bath  and  West  of 
England  meeting  a  month  before  he  had  to  take 
second  place  to  Aaron  Rogers'  Grateful,  which  not 
only  won  first  in  his  class  but  the  championship  also, 
as  best  bull  of  all  breeds,  defeating  the  great  Short- 
horn champion  Sir  Arthur  Ingram.  Thoughtful, 
through  his  grandsire  Jupiter,  was  a  grandson  of 
Walford,  and  on  his  dam's  side,  through  Sir  Frank 
and  Sir  Thomas,  he  was  the  grandson  of  Sir  David, 
so  that  he  carries  the  blood  of  perhaps  the  two 
greatest  sires  of  the  breed  in  his  veins.  Horace  2d 
had  again  to  take  second  place  to  Thoughtful,  as 
at  Bath  the  year  before.  He  had  not  the  great 
length  and  substance  of  the  winner,  but  was  a  thick 
wide  good  bull. 

In  yearling  bulls  the  Liverpool  winner  had  to  give 
way  to  John  Price's  Arthur,  son  of  Horace  2d.  He 
was  a  heavy-fleshed  deep  young  bull,  with  a  curly 
coat  and  a  mellow  thick  hide,  and  a  touch  that  all 
breeders  liked.  Anxiety,  the  beautiful  Helena's  son, 
had  the  same  nice  touch,  but  he  had  not  at  this  time 
the  same  bloom  about  him  that  he  had  at  Liverpool, 
so  he  must  be  content  with  second  place.  In  bull 
calves  Arkwright's  Conjuror,  by  Concord,  his  dam 
from  the  Ivington  Lass  family  at  Hampton  Court, 
a  straight  nice  lengthy  bull  with  true  Hereford  char- 
acter, carried  the  first  prize,  second  going  to  Stock- 
tonbury  on  Lord  Oxford,  son  of  Longhorns.  Third 
fell  to  Wintercott  for  Eoyalist's  son,  Master  But- 
terfly, out  of  Winter  De  Cote.  The  reserve  num-. 


MORE   ROYAL   DECISIONS   REVIEWED  217 

ber  was  a  nice  young  bull,  King  of  the  Eoses  from 
Adforton,  his  dam  Eoseleaf  being  a  daughter  of 
Eosebud,  the  Liverpool  and  Birmingham  Eoyal  win- 
ner. 

In  the  cow  class  Lady  Blanche  had  first  prize. 
She  had  been  second  to  Helena  at  the  Eoyal  and  the 
Bath  and  West  of  England,  and  was  a  daughter  of 
Von  Moltke,  a  Cardiff  winner  in  1872,  which  she 
resembled,  being  very  big  and  wide  in  front  but 
not  square  and  good  enough  behind.  The  second 
prize  went  to  the  Earl  of  Coventry's  Giantess,  bred 
at  Adforton.  She  had  stood  third  to  Eosebud  and 
Helena  at  Liverpool,  and  was  quite  a  contrast  to  the 
first  prize  cow  here,  being  very  big,  as  her  name 
implied,  and  square  and  good  in  her  quarters. 
While  she  lacked  the  flesh  of  the  winner,  the  latter 
had  too  much  of  it  for  a  breeding  cow.  Her  sire, 
Sir  Eoger  (4133)  and  her  grandsire,  Battenhall, 
were  both  sons  of  Sir  Thomas,  but  the  inbreeding 
certainly  did  not  interfere  with  her  growth  nor  her 
constitution.  She  looked  the  typical  breeder  which 
she  later  on  proved  to  be.  Her  calf  then,  a  daugh- 
ter, Golden  Treasure,  and  her  next  calf,  Good  Boy, 
each  scored  three  first  prize  Eoyal  wins  and  she 
herself  with  two  offspring  won  first  prize  at  the 
York  Eoyal. 

In  the  class  for  heifers  above  two  and  not  ex- 
ceeding three,  Mrs.  Edwards'  marvelously  good 
heifers  Leonora  and  Beatrice  gained  first  and  sec- 
ond prizes.  There  was  now  no  question  as  to  which 
was  the  better  of  the  two,  for  Leonora  had  developed 


218  A  HISTORY   OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

into  a  wonderfully  good  one  and  well  carried  the 
palm.  They  were  both  bred  alike,  their  sire  being 
Winter  De  Cote  and  both  their  dams  being  daugh- 
ters of  Sir  Thomas '  son,  Tomboy.  Their  sire,  Win- 
ter De  Cote,  was  a  son  of  Leominster  3d,  first  prize 
yearling  bull  at  Manchester,  he  by  another  Tomboy 
(bred  by  Mr.  Monkhouse),  also  a  son  of  Sir  Thomas, 
Leominster  3d's  dam  being  Primrose,  by  Adforton 
(1839).  He  also  was  a  grandson  of  Sir  David. 
Thomas  Edwards  of  Wintercott  was  a  wonderfully 
good  judge  of  mating,  and  certainly  worked  out  an 
extraordinary  herd  foundation  at  Wintercott.  In 
heifer  calves  Hampton  Court  furnished  two  good 
ones,  in  a  daughter  of  Ivington  Boy,  Gaylass  4th, 
the  first  prize  heifer,  and  Abigail  2d,  the  third  prize 
one.  A  heifer  from  Showle  Court,  Empress,  by 
Tredegar,  was  placed  between. 

The  Heref ord  Herd  Book  Society  here  gave  a  new 
prize  for  the  best  cow  with  two  of  her  offspring. 
In  good  competition  W.  Thomas  with  his  old  first 
prize  winner  Rosaline,  with  progeny  by  Horace  2d, 
the  bull  calf  Goldfinder  and  heifer  calf  Rosaline  2d, 
won  first.  Cherry,  by  De  Cote,  from  Stocktonbury, 
with  two  smart  heifers  took  second. 

The  Kilburn  International  Afloat.— In  1879  came 
the  Royal  Agricultural  Society's  International 
meeting  at  Kilburn  and  "the  deluge."  Visitors 
there  had  good  cause  to  remember  it,  particularly 
the  lady  visitors,  for  if  they  stepped  the  least  bit 
off  the  plank  into  the  mud,  which  was  from  four 
inches  to  four  feet  deep,  a  boot  was  left  in  it. 


I  John  Morris  \ 


\  Sir.  James Rantin  \ 


220  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Planks  had  to  be  laid  in  all  directions.  From  200 
to  500  men  and  240  horses  were  employed  for  days, 
starting  in  relays  from  2  a.  m.  to  9  p.  m.  to  keep 
the  yard  passable,  the  cost  in  all,  labor  and  material, 
being  £3,329  extra  outlay.  So  Kilburn  was  not  a 
financial  success  owing  to  the  almost  incessant  rain. 
The  only  fine  weather  was  a  part  of  the  day  when 
Queen  Victoria  paid  her  visit.  Then  there  was  a 
little  "Koyal  weather. " 

In  the  aged  bull  class  Aaron  Bogers'  Grateful 
was  awarded  first  prize,  and  later  was  made  cham- 
pion bull  over  all.  He  was  a  magnificent  animal, 
wonderfully  deep  and  good  in  front  and  over  his 
top.  His  old  opponent,  Thoughtful,  had  improved 
very  much  with  the  extra  year's  age  and  ran  him 
rather  close,  being  very  long  and  level  and,  if  any- 
thing, a  little  squarer  and  better  around  the  tail  and 
hindquarters.  Grateful,  like  Thoughtful,  had  the 
blood  of  both  the  great  bulls  and  much  nearer,  for 
his  sire,  Sir  Thomas,  was  the  grandson  of  Sir  David, 
and  his  dam,  Lady  Lizzie,  was  a  daughter  of  Jupi- 
ter (3191),  grandson  of  Walford.  They  were  a  pair 
of  grand  bulls. 

Lord  Wilton  and  a  Blundering  Bailiff. — In  this 
class  there  was  another  bull  shown  in  store  condi- 
tion and  with  a  big  "gathered"  knee.  Mr.  Lewis 
Lloyd's  blundering  bailiff  had  sent  him  there  in 
condition  quite  unfit,  apparently  expecting  to  get 
a  prize  merely  because  the  bull  had  won  before,  and 
because  his  predecessor  in  the  bailiff's  office,  who 
had  died  rather  suddenly  the  year  before,  had 


MORE   ROYAL  DECISIONS   REVIEWED  221 

thought  so  highly  of  him.  This  bull  was  afterwards 
the  invincible  Lord  Wilton.  This  farm  bailiff  was 
anxious  to  sell  him,  and  asked  Tom  Carwardine 
what  he  would  take  to  exchange  a  yearling  bull  for 
his.  Mr.  Carwardine  asked,  "What  will  you  give 
me  to  do  so?"  The  bailiff  replied,  "Five  pounds. " 
Carwardine  then  said,  ' l  You  shall  have  him. ' '  The 
master  of  Stocktonbury  afterwards  said,  in  tell- 
ing the  story,  "But  I  never  had  the  cheek  to  ask 
him  for  the  £5.  I  just  stood  him  a  bottle  of  cham- 
pagne. "  And  that  is  how  Mr.  Carwardine  really 
secured  the  champion  of  England,  one  of  the  makers 
of  Hereford  history.* 

Anxiety  Heads  the  Two- Year- Olds.— In  the  two- 
year-old  bulls  Anxiety  now  got  back  to  his  old 
form,  looking  wonderfully  well,  and  won  first  prize 
in  a  small  but  good  class,  Tom  Myddleton's  son  of 
The  Grove  3d,  Hartington  (5358),  being  given  sec- 
ond prize.  He  was  a  very  straight  good  young  bull, 
only  wanting  a  little  more  condition.  He  had  nice 
Hereford  style  and  character.  The  third  place  was 
well  filled  by  Thomas'  Goldfinder,  which  had  been 
put  before  Anxiety  a  month  before  at  the  Exeter 
Bath  and  West  of  England.  In  yearling  bulls  J.  H. 
Arkwright's  Bristol  winner,  Conjuror,  kept  his 
place,  winning  first  prize  here  and  looking  well. 
In  bull  calves  Coomassie  from  Wintercott  won  first, 
and  Thomas  Fenn's  son  of  Grateful,  Downton  Boy, 

*It  is  related  of  Geo.  Morgan  that  while  dickering-  with  Mr.  Car- 
wardine for  the  purchase  of  Anxiety  he  said:  "Now,  Master,  sell 
me  this  young  bull  and  go  and  buy  you  a  good  bull." 

"Which  is  that?"  queried  Stocktonbury.  "Why,  Lord  Wilton," 
replied  Morgan.  "An*  he  did  it,"  George  used  to  add. 


222  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

second,  with  Tom  Myddleton's  Victor,  by  Harting- 
ton,  third. 

Leonora,  The  Invincible. — In  the  cow  class  the 
invincible  Leonora  won  first  honors  and  the  cham- 
pion prize  of  £50  as  best  Hereford  female.  She  was 
doubtless  the  best  animal  of  any  breed  in  the  show- 
yard.  Proving  not  to  be  in  calf  she  was  afterwards 
exhibited  at  the  Christmas  fat  stock  shows  at  Bir- 
mingham and  London,  at  both  of  which  places  she 
won  all  the  championship  and  extra  prizes  she  could 
show  for,  taking  all  of  them  it  was  possible  for 
her  to  win  against  all  breeds.  During  her  career 
the  value  of  her  first  prizes  and  championships 
amounted  to  £650.  In  fact,  she  was  never  beaten 
except  once ;  that  was  when  her  companion  Beatrice 
was  put  before  her  at  the  Birmingham  Eoyal  as  a 
heifer  calf. 

In  the  .  cow-and- two-offspring  class  Carwardine 
won  first  with  the  same  three  with  which  he  was 
second  at  Bristol — Cherry,  by  De  Cote  (3060),  and 
her  daughters  Plum  and  Apple  Blossom,  all  Car- 
wardine-bred.  The  Earl  of  Coventry  was  second 
with  the  Adforton  cow  Giantess,  by  Sir  Eoger,  and 
her  two  daughters,  Britannia  and  Golden  Treas- 
ure. In  bull  calves  Herbert  Hall's  Dale  Tredegar, 
by  Tredegar,  very  rightly  had  first  prize.  His  dam 
was  by  King  of  the  Dale.  J.  H.  Arkwright  with 
Broadward,  by  Ivington  Boy,  was  second.  Third 
went  to  Kimbolton  from  Stocktonbury  and  the  re- 
serve to  Lord  Kilburn,  both  being  sons  of  Eodney 
(6907). 


LEONORA  AT  TWO   YEARS  ELEVEN   MONTHS— BRED   BY   MRS.    EDWARDS, 
WINTBRCOTT. 


GIANTESS   AT  ELEVEN   YEARS— BRED  BY   WM.   TUDGE,   ADFORTON. 


224  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Buying  Prize-Winners  for  the  States. — In  breed- 
ing cows  a  remarkably  good  one,  Myddleton's 
Nanette,  won  first  prize.  Bred  by  the  exhibitor  she 
was  a  daughter  of  Baron  4th,  a  dark  red  cow  with  a 
splendid  coat  and  skin,  thick  and  mellow  to  the 
touch.  She  had  a  wonderful  weight  of  flesh  all  over, 
with  the  appearance  of  a  strong  constitution.  She 
was  sold  to  George  Morgan  for  Mr.  Culbertson  of 
Illinois.  The  second  prize,  Perfection,  from  Win- 
tercott,  was  a  neat  straight  cow,  but  not  equal  to 
Nanette.  She  had  a  nice  bull  calf  by  her  side. 
Third  prize  was  given  to  Taylor's  Modesty,  a 
daughter  of  Tredegar,  and  a  level  nice  breeding  cow. 
In  three-year-old  heifers  Mr.  Arkwright 's  Gaylass 
4th  had  to  give  way  to  one  she  had  beaten  before, 
Thomas  Fenn's  Downton  Rose,  a  heifer  that  had 
improved  immensely  and  looked  here  like  going  on 
to  do  still  more.  She  had  the  same  year  won  many 
prizes;  she  was  also  sold  to  Mr.  Culbertson.  Mr. 
Arkwright  had  to  stand  aside  with  his  last  year's 
winner,  Antoinette,  now  taking  second  place,  Platt 
with  Lady  3d,  a  daughter  of  Horace,  gaining  first. 
Arkwright  had  the  first  in  the  next  class,  however, 
with  one  of  his  Pearls — Pearl  3d,  by  Ivington  Boy. 
Carwardine  was  second  with  a  daughter  of  Anxiety 
(5188)  called  Juliet,  from  Eosaline  by  De  Cote. 
Thomas  Fenn  was  third  with  Countess  of  the  Teme 
by  Eomulus,  a  granddaughter  of  his  Lady  of  the 
Teme. 

The  year  after  the  water-logged  Kilburn  Inter- 
national the  show  went  to  the  far  north,  at  Carlisle. 


MORE  ROYAL  DECISIONS  REVIEWED  225 

The  year  before  Kilburn  it  had  been  held  in  the 
extreme  south,  at  Bristol.  Its  migratory  meetings 
thus  gave  all  England  a  chance  to  see  the  show  in 
turn.  The  weather  at  Carlisle,  as  at  Kilburn,  was 
very  much  against  the  show,  but  the  inhabitants  in 
the  north  do  not  seem  to  mind  wet  much.  More- 
over, better  precautions  were  taken.  One  did  not 
hear  of  any  lost  ladies'  shoes  there,  although  the 
fair  sex  attended  each  day  in  large  numbers.  With 
their  waterproof  coats,  short  skirts,  and  tight-laced 
strong  boots,  they  successfully  defied  the  Border 
weather. 

Considering  they  were  so  far  from  home  the 
" white  faces"  mustered  fairly  strong  and  with 
quality  unimpaired.  In  the  aged  bulls  there  was 
the  same  pair  that  had  been  first  and  second  before, 
Grateful  again  taking  the  first.  He  looked  remark- 
ably well,  almost  deeper  in  front  than  before,  for 
his  brisket  now  touched  the  ground,  and  although 
seven  years  old  he  seemed  to  have  furnished  up. 
Being  very  active  he  looked  larger  and  bigger  in 
his  hindquarters  than  before.  Thoughtful  took  sec- 
ond as  at  Kilburn,  and  was  looking  marvelously 
fit.  He  carried  out  both  ends  wonderfully  well,  but 
was  scarcely  equal  to  his  opponent  in  style,  which 
was  one  of  Grateful 's  strong  points.  Third  was 
that  good  sire  Hartington.  Certain  English  breed- 
ers always  claimed  him  as  the  best  of  Grove  3d's 
sons.  He  was  a  big  lengthy  bull  for  his  age  at  this 
show;  he  was  two  years  younger  than  Thoughtful, 
and  wanted  a  little  more  time  to  mature.  These 


226  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

were  truly  three  grand  animals  to  be  shown  in  one 
class. 

In  two-year-olds  Mr.  Arkwright  had  an  easy  win 
with  Conjuror.  In  the  next  class  Mrs.  Edwards' 
two  Wintercott  bulls  had  first  and  second ;  both  were 
sons  of  Eoyalist  (4921).  The  winner  was  Presi- 
dent from  the  Plum  family,  a  straight  lengthy  good 
bull.  A  son  of  Horace  (1387)  called  Horace  4th, 
was  third,  and  Taylor's  Trafalgar  was  reserve. 

Historic  Youngsters  at  Derby. — We  now  near  the 
dawn  of  the  great  American  demand  upon  Here- 
fordshire. Premonitory  signs  of  the  approaching 
invasion  of  the  trans-Atlantic  buyers  had  already 
been  in  evidence,  as  witnessed  by  Morgan's  pur- 
chases of  1880.  During  1881  the  pot  began  to  boil, 
and  as  we  come  to  the  younger  classes  at  the  Derby 
Koyal  of  that  year  we  run  into  names  that  have  a 
very  familiar  sound  in  the  United  States. 

The  Derby  show  was  not  equal  in  the  number  of 
Herefords  to  the  three  preceding  shows,  but  some 
first-class  specimens  competed,  particularly  in  the 
bull  calf  and  heifer  classes.  Among  the  aged  bulls 
the  veteran  Thoughtful  had  again  to  put  up  with 
second  honors,  Philip  Turner's  level  even  stylish 
bull  Pirate,  by  Corsair  (5271),  taking  first  prize. 
Thoughtful  was  beginning  to  show  signs  of  age  and 
extended  feeding.  In  two-year-olds  the  1880  posi- 
tions were  changed;  Taylor's  Trafalgar,  that  was 
only  reserve  at  Carlisle,  now  took  first  and  the  win- 
ner there,  Horace  4th,  took  second,  as  at  the  Bath 
and  West  of  England  at  Tunbridge  Wells.  In  year- 


228  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

lings  Rees  Keene  won  first  and  second  with  Reward 
and  Return,  two  capital  youngsters  sired  by  Lord 
Waterford  (6045). 

Wilton  Blood  to  the  Fore.— In  the  bull  calf 
class  there  were  many  very  superior  animals.  Such 
was  the  general  opinion  of  all  Hereford  breed- 
ers. The  first  prize  went  to  Carwardine  on  Sir  Bar- 
tie  Frere,  with  his  rich  dark  coat  and  splendid  touch. 
He  had  been  first  also  at  the  Bath  and  West  in  a 
good  class.  His  half  brother  Romeo  took  second. 
Both  were  from  Stocktonbury,  both  were  sons  of 
Lord  Wilton,  and  both  were  destined  to  grace  the 
Shadeland  pastures  of  Adams  Earl  of  Indiana. 
Philip  Turner's  afterwards  famous  Rudolph  here 
occupied  third  place. 

In  the  cow  class  Taylor's  Modesty  now  came  to 
the  front.  She  had  not  previously  been  higher  than 
third,  but  now  took  the  premier  position.  Fenn's 
Maid  of  the  Teme  was  second,  and  Myddleton's 
Sally  was  third.  In  yearling  heifers,  the  strongest 
female  class,  there  were  several  remarkably  good 
ones.  Carwardine 's  Pretty  Face,  a  daughter  of 
Anxiety,  and  a  pretty  one  all  over,  a  wonderfully 
taking  heifer,  was  given  first.  She  had  a  beautiful 
head  and  well-nigh  perfect  lines  throughout.  She 
became  Mr.  Culbertson's  property.  Second  to  her 
was  Taylor's  Lorna  Doone,  also  an  admirable  heifer. 
The  heifer  calves  were  also  a  splendid  lot.  Here, 
as  in  the  bull  calves,  two  Lord  Wiltons  from  Stock- 
tonbury were  placed  first  and  second.  This  famous 
pair,  Venus  and  Henrietta,  were  of  quite  different 


MORE   ROYAL   DECISIONS   REVIEWED  229 

type  from  ihe  others  and  were  easy  winners.  They 
were  afterwards  bought  by  Tom  Clark  for  Mr.  Earl. 

Garfield  and  Henrietta.— At  Eeading  in  1882  Mr. 
Platt's  Horace  4th  came  to  the  front.  He  now  had 
great  wealth  of  flesh  and  a  nice  touch.  Lord  Coven- 
try 's  Fisherman  was  second.  He  was  a  big  one 
weighing  here  over  2,600  pounds.  Trafalgar,  the 
Derby  winner,  was  third.  In  two-year-olds  Aaron 
Rogers7  Archibald,  that  had  been  unplaced  as  a 
yearling,  headed  the  line.  He  had  now  that  tre- 
mendous development  of  forehand  that  afterwards 
made  him  one  of  the  wonders  of  his  time.  John 
Price's  Garfield,  a  bull  of  strong  constitution  and 
substance,  was  first  in  the  yearlings  over  Oarwar- 
dine's  Chippendale,  and  was  bought  by  Mr.  Clark 
for  Earl  &  Stuart,  subsequently  rising  to  fame  in 
America  as  a  bull-getter. 

In  the  breeding  cow  class  Mr.  Taylor  was  first 
with  his  Derby  winner  Modesty,  by  Tredegar.  She 
had  a  new-born  calf  with  her,  and  well  kept  up  her 
previous  year's  prestige.  The  second  prize  winner, 
Mermaid  2d,  bred  by  Mr.  Stephen  Eobinson  of  Lyn- 
hales,  was  a  daughter  of  Eegulus  (4076),  a  level 
deep  cow  of  great  substance,  but  lacking  the  style 
and  character  of  the  winner.  In  three-year-old 
heifers  Mr.  Taylor  again  won  first,  this  time  with 
the  wonderfully  level  heifer  Lorna  Doone,  by 
Horace,  her  dam  being  by  Mercury  (3967),  the  sire 
of  Tredegar.  Second  went  to  Philip  Turner's  Sil- 
via, a  heifer  of  great  substance,  level,  and  with 
first-rate  character.  It  was  merely  a  matter  of 


230  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

opinion  as  to  which  was  the  better  of  the  two  heif- 
ers. Silvia  with  her  nice  curly  coat  was  put  first 
when  they  met  at  Newport  in  the  autumn. 

In  two-year-olds  the  Stocktonbury  herd  took  first 
with  Henrietta,  a  daughter  of  Lord  Wilton.  She 
had  been  second  to  her  half-sister  Venus  at  Derby. 
Both  were  bought  for  America.  Allen  Hughes' 
Modesty,  by  Commander,  was  second  to  Henrietta. 
The  yearling  heifers  were  a  strong  class.  Major 
Ashton's  Princess,  by  Marquis  (6057),  was  placed 
at  its  head,  as  she  was  at  all  the  leading  shows  of 
the  year,  the  second  going  into  Cornwall  on  Duchess 
2d,  a  daughter  of  John  Price's  Grand  Duke  (5342). 
Carwardine  was  third  with  Venus  2d,  by  Lord  Wil- 
ton. 

In  breeding  cows  with  two  offspring  Robert  Hall 
won  first  with  Lovely,  by  Preceptor,  and  a  pair  of 
remarkably  nice  twin  heifer  calves  by  Lord  Wilton. 
The  dam  and  the  calves  had  first-class  character 
and  style.  The  Earl  of  Coventry's  Giantess  won 
second  honors  with  her  calves  Britannia  and  Golden 
Treasure. 

Light  Show  at  York. — The  next  meeting  was  at 
York  in  1883.  The  weather  there  was  much  more 
favorable  than  it  had  been  for  several  years  pre- 
vious, but  being  so  far  from  their  native  county 
the  Hereford  exhibits  were  not  so  numerous.  In  the 
aged  bulls  there  were  but  two  entries,  the  Earl  of 
Coventry's  Fisherman  and  Rogers'  Archibald.  The 
first  prize  was  given  to  Fisherman,  which  just  pre- 
viously had  won  the  first  at  the  Bath  and  West  of 


WASHINGTON    (8152)   AT  TWO   YEARS— BRED  BY  A.   B.   HUGHES. 


BEATRICE   AT  TWO  YEARS  ELEVEN  MONTHS— BRED  BY  MRS.   EDWARDS. 


232  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

England  and  had  been  second  at  the  Royal  meeting 
at  Beading  the  year  before.  He  was  a  bull  of  great 
scale  and  had  a  double  cross  of  the  two  big  bulls  of 
by-gone  years,  Walford  and  Sir  David.  In  two- 
year-olds  Mr.  Arkwright  won  with  Eose  Cross,  by 
Conjuror,  first  at  Bristol  and  Kilburn;  his  dam, 
Eosebud,  by  Sir  Thomas,  had  been  first  prize  cow  at 
Birmingham  and  Liverpool.  He  was  a  long  deep 
dark  red  bull,  wonderfully  level  in  his  lines.  Sec- 
ond was  awarded  to  the  straight  lengthy  Chippen- 
dale, by  Lord  Wilton.  In  the  bull  calf  class,  a  large 
one  by  the  way,  Carwardine's  Monarch,  by  Lord 
Wilton,  which  had  been  passed  over  at  the  Here- 
fordshire meeting,  was  now  placed  first.  He  was  a 
big  straight  good-topped  one  with  plenty  of  style, 
character  and  quality,  looking  better  than  the  two 
that  had  previously  been  placed  before  him — Wash- 
ington, by  Eudolph,  and  Albany,  by  Lord  Wilton, 
now  second  and  third. 

In  breeding  cows  Taylor's  Modesty  had  first  prize 
and  another  entry  from  Showle,  Adelaide,  was  sec- 
ond. Of  the  in-calf  heifers  Allen  Hughes  was  ad- 
judged to  have  the  best  in  Modesty,  by  Commander 
(4452).  William  Tudge  was  second  with  Elsie,  by 
Downton  Grand  Duke  (5878)  from  Mermaid  2d,  by 
Eegulus.  Myddleton  was  third  with  Lady  Mary. 
In  two-year-olds  Eobert  Hall  won  first  with  Doro- 
thea, by  Lord  Wilton.  F.  Platt  was  second  with 
Prettymaid  4th,  by  Hartington  (5358).  In  year- 
ling heifers  Frederick  Platt  won  first  with  the  well 
made,  stylish  Primrose  7th,  also  by  Hartington.  A. 


MORE   ROYAL  DECISIONS  REVIEWED  233 

P.  Turner  with  Portia,  by  The  Grove  3d,  was  sec- 
ond. Thomas  Fenn  with  Downton  Beauty,  by  Down- 
ton  Boy,  was  third,  and  the  entire  class  was  H.  C. 
or  commended. 

The  next  was  the  best  class  of  the  meeting — cows 
with  two  offspring.  Giantess,  now  shown  with  the 
splendid  heifer  Golden  Treasure  and  the  great 
young  bull  Good  Boy,  had  first  prize,  and  a  wonder- 
ful trio  they  were.  Second  went  to  Eobert  HalPs 
Lovely,  the  last  year's  winner,  seen  now  with  one 
of  the  Beading  winners,  Theodora,  by  Lord  Wil- 
ton, and  the  young  bull  Lord  Ashton,  by  Chancellor. 
The  third  prize  was  won  by  William  Tudge's  Bose- 
leaf,  by  Lord  Hythe,  her  dam  being  Eosebud,  by 
Sir  Thomas,  with  the  young  bull  Prince  Eose,  a 
prize-winner  at  Eeading,  and  a  bull  calf  Leinthall, 
by  Auctioneer  (5194). 

The  Great  Shrewsbury  Show  of  1884.— Shrews- 
bury is  in  the  adjoining  county  to  what  is  called  the 
home  of  the  Hereford;  many  and  many  a  good 
Hereford  has  been  bred  around  Shrewsbury  and  in 
the  surrounding  region,  particularly  during  the  late 
Lord  Berwick's  time  when  Walford,  his  sons,  and 
grandsons  were  at  Cronkhill.  Then  there  were 
Meires  of  Eyton-on-Severn,  Hill  of  Golding,  and 
other  noted  old-time  breeders.  Indeed  there  are 
still  some  capital  herds  in  that  district,  as  has  been 
proved  at  the  shows  of  the  present  day.  The 
Shrewsbury  Eoyal  of  1884  was  well  supported,  the 
principal  breeders  sending  their  best  animals  to 
compete,  and  the  entries  numbering  144. 


234  A  HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Archibald—  "A  Clever  Cross."— In  the  senior 
bull  class  Aaron  Rogers'  massive  Archibald  with 
his  extraordinary  development  of  forehand  was 
sent  to  the  top  over  his  old  antagonist  Fisherman. 
Archibald  had  more  width  even  than  his  grandsire 
Grateful,  but  he  did  not  exceed  him  in  the  depth  of 
his  brisket.  In  both  cases  they  almost  touched  the 
ground.  Archibald's  sire,  Dolley,  and  his  dam,  Miss 
Chance,  were  not  really  good  animals  themselves, 
but  they  mated  well.  There  were  Grateful  as  the 
sire  of  the  dam,  and  Stanway  as  sire  of  the  gran- 
dam,  both  grand  show  animals,  and  on  Dolley 's  side 
were  the  grandam  Lady  Blanche  and  Von  Moltke 
with  their  wide  deep  forehands  to  blend  with 
Gratef ul's  and  Stanway 's  straight  tops  and  good 
hindquarters;  between  them  all  they  made  a  great 
show  bull  of  Archibald. 

William  Tudge,  late  of  Leinthall,  tells  of  visiting 
Mr.  Rogers'  farm  with  a  view  towards  buying 
Archibald,  but  upon  seeing  his  sire  and  dam  he 
decided  not  to  make  an  offer,  remarking  that  one  of 
his  progenitors  "had  an  exceptionally  good  point 
where  the  other  was  deficient;  a  clever  cross,  I 
thought  it."  This  bull,  as  mentioned  elsewhere,  was 
afterwards  brought  to  America  by  J.  O.  Curry  and 
sold  to  C.  K.  Parmelee  for  $6,000.  Fisherman,  the 
'Earl  of  Coventry's  bull,  had  scale  and  gave  the  im- 
pression of  being  more  masculine,  his  great  size 
and  immense  substance  showing  a  strong  constitu- 
tion. He  was  a  favorite  with  many  for  the  prize, 
but  Archibald  was  a  thorough  showyard  bull.  In 


FISHERMAN    (5913)    AT  FIVE   YEARS  TWO  MONTHS— BRED  BY  T.   ROGERS, 

COXALL. 


ARCHIBALD    (6290)— BRED    BY    AARON    ROGERS— Photo   by   Bustin    from 

painting. 


236  A  HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

the  next  class,  bulls  under  three  years,  Fisherman's 
son,  Good  Boy,  told  what  a  good  sire  can  do  with  a 
good  dam.  Good  Boy  had  both  and  well  deserved 
the  first  prize  that  was  given  him  in  his  class,  for 
like  his  sire  and  dam  he  had  great  scale  and  sub- 
stance. Father  and  son  each  weighed  about  2,600 
pounds,  but  the  son  was  the  better  show  bull  of  the 
two.  The  second  prize  bull  here  was  Arkwright's 
Eose  Cross,  a  nice  level  good  quality  bull,  as  also 
was  Tudge's  Prince  Eose. 

In  two-year-old  bulls,  Allen  Hughes'  Washing- 
ton, by  Eudolph,  headed  the  list,  at  that  time  show- 
ing a  level  smooth  top.  He  had  a  dip  in  the  middle 
of  his  back  when  seen  the  previous  year,  but  this 
had  now  disappeared.  Albany,  from  Aaron  Eogers ' 
herd,  a  son  of  Lord  Wilton,  was  second,  being  a 
straight  good  bull  but  not  showing  the  substance  of 
the  winner. 

Maidstone  and  Anxiety  Arthur. — The  yearling 
bull  class  of  twenty-one  entries  at  Shrewsbury  de- 
veloped a  stubborn  contest  and  brought  into  the 
limelight  a  bull  destined  to  almost  unprecedented 
Eoyal  honors.  There  were  a  lot  of  good  ones,  and 
the  judges  had  a  tough  fight  over  the  first  prize, 
one  going  strongly  for  Taylor's  bull  Maidstone,  an- 
other going  equally  as  strong  for  the  Stocktonbury 
bull  Anxiety  Arthur.  Maidstone  was  a  lengthy 
straight  good-looking  youngster  that  had  already 
won  at  the  Herefordshire  and  the  Bath  and  West 
of  England.  He  was  got  by  Franklin,  one  of  Lord 
Wilton's  best  sons,  his  dam  being  by  Tredegar. 


MORE  ROYAL   DECISIONS  REVIEWED  237 

The  other  judge  was  for  the  Carwardine  bull,  a 
son  of  President  Arthur,  his  dam  by  Anxiety,  which 
was  a  son  of  the  beautiful  Helena;  he  was  a  thick 
square  bull,  exceptionally  big,  strong  and  wide  over 
his  shoulders  and  chine  and  along  his  back,  though 
he  had  not  the  long  straight  hindquarters  of  his 
opponent.  Each  of  the  judges  pleaded  strongly  in 
favor  of  his  favorite,  first  the  one  and  then  the  other 
taking  the  third  judge  by  the  arm  and  dilating  upon 
the  good  points.  Finally  after  a  very  long  discus- 
sion the  third  man,  Mr.  Featherstonhaugh,  a  fine 
type  of  the  Irish  gentleman,  gave  his  vote  in  Maid- 
stone's  favor,  thus  starting  Mr.  Taylor's  celebrated 
bull  upon  a  career  that  has  few  parallels  in  show- 
yard  annals.  William  Tudge's  Leinthall,  by  Auc- 
tioneer from  Eoseleaf,  was  unanimously  placed 
third.* 


*In  a  letter  to  the  author  Mr.  Tudge  gives  the  details  of  this 
somewhat  amusing  incident  thus: 

"At  York  in  1883  there  had  been,  as  usual,  some  little  differ- 
ences of  opinion  as  to  the  decisions  in  some  of  the  classes.  I 
happened  to  overhear  an  Irish  gentleman,  a  Mr.  Featherstonhaugh, 
making  what  I  thought  very  sensible  remarks  about  the  judging, 
adding:  'Had  I  been  officiating  I  should  have  given  some  of  the 
prizes  differently.'  I  said  to  him:  'If  you  were  asked  to  judge 
at  next  year's  Royal,  would  you  do  so?'  He  considered  a  moment 
and  then  said:  'Yes,  certainly  I  will.'  I  had  been  asked  by  a 
member  of  the  council  just  previously  to  nominate  one  or  two  for 
next  year,  so  I  gave  his  name  as  one,  and  he  was  chosen  to  serve 
with  two  'old  hands,'  Mr.  Henry  Haywood  and  Mr.  Adam  Lee,  both 
men  of  very  strong  opinions,  and  who  were  continually  differing 
in  opinion.  So  Mr.  Featherstonhaugh  had  not  an  easy  time  at 
Shrewsbury  the  following  year. 

"It  was  in  the  yearling  class  that  they  differed  most.  Hay- 
wood's  was  a  straight,  lengthy  calf,  very  even  from  end  to  end. 
Lee's  was  a  thick,  blocky  one,  exceptionally  good  and  wide  over 
the  shoulders  and  top,  but  short.  The  two  bulls  very  much  re- 
sembled their  two  judges,  for  Lee  had  a  very  big,  strong  chest 
and  was  stoutly  built.  Haywood  was  three  or  four  inches  taller. 
The  Irish  gentleman  had  not  a  happy  time.  First  one  would  take 
him  by  the  arm  to  his  favorite  and  then  the  other.  Eventually 
he  decided  with  Haywood,  and  Maidstone  had  first;  Anxiety  by 
Arthur  second;  Leinthall  third.  Mr.  Featherstonhaugh,  a  very 
gentlemanly  man,  came  to  me  at  the  ringside  after  the  decision, 
saying:  'Nevermore  will  I  become  one  of  three  judges.'" 


238  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

The  breeding  cows  made  up  a  large  class,  but 
Lord  Coventry's  Golden  Treasure,  a  daughter  of 
Giantess  and  a  very  wide  deep  massive  young  cow, 
had  an  easy  win,  although  a  lot  of  splendid  cows 
were  behind  her.  Arkwright's  Pearl  3d,  by  Iving- 
ton  Boy,  was  second.  The  York  winner,  Taylor's 
Modesty,  was  third  and  Eobert  Hall's  Eoyal  winner 
Lovely  reserve  and  H.  C.  In  the  next  class  Lovely 
did  better,  her  two  daughters  by  Lord  Wilton, 
Dorothea  and  Theodora,  being  first  and  second  in 
the  ring  for  heifers  under  three  years.  In  two- 
year-olds  Allen  Hughes'  Sunflower  was  first  as  be- 
fore. In  yearlings  H.  W.  Taylor  had  an  easy  win 
with  Vanity  7th,  a  remarkably  good  heifer  by 
Franklin,  Lord  Coventry's  Plum  Jam,  by  Fisher- 
man, being  second. 

The  two  next  were  exciting  classes.  In  a  contest 
between,  four  two-year-old  heifers  Carwardine's 
daughters  of  Lord  Wilton,  Henrietta,  Rosa,  Luna 
and  Althea  won.  In  the  young  class  of  four  three 
splendid  lots  were  shown  by  A.  P.  Turner,  John 
Price  and  Stephen  Robinson,  the  prizes  being  given 
in  the  order  named. 

This  Shrewsbury  show  of  Herefords  was  won- 
derfully prolific  of  good  animals,  particularly  when 
the  number  of  very  good  ones  that  had  been  sent 
abroad  during  the  preceding  two  years  was  con- 
sidered. 

Prizes  at  Preston.— The  Preston  Royal  of  1885 
was  not  so  well  sustained.  In  the  aged  bull 
class  there  were  only  two  entries,  Good  Boy  and 


GOLDEN  TREASURE  AT  FIVE  YEARS— BRED  BY  THE  EARL  OF  COVENTRY. 


MAIDSTONE    (8875)    AT   FOUR   YEARS   THREE    MONTHS— BRED    BY    H.    W. 
TAYLOR.  SHOWLE  COURT. 


240  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

John  Price's  Hotspur,  by  Eegulus.  Hotspur  had 
perhaps  the  best  head  for  a  Hereford  bull,  but 
aside  from  that  Good  Boy  probably  had  the  advan- 
tage. Hotspur  won.  In  the  class  for  under-three- 
years  another  Hotspur,  son  of  Lord  Wilton,  was 
the  only  exhibit.  His  winning  was  pretty  well  a 
certainty  which  probably  accounted  for  absence  of 
competition.  The  three  bulls  were  all  of  Adforton 
blood,  two  having  Adforton  sires  and  the  other 
having  an  Adforton  dam. 

In  two-year-old  bulls  Maidstone,  the  Shrewsbury 
winner,  very  deservedly  took  first  prize.  He  had 
plenty  of  scale  and  quality,  clearly  now  the  making 
of  a  grand  bull.  In  yearlings  the  Herefordshire 
member,  James  Eankin,  M.  P.,  had  first  prize  for  an 
entry  of  nice  character  and  straight  top,  but  not  any 
too  much  in  substance.  The  second  prize  bull, 
Arkwright  's  Upper  Crust,  had  more  admirers. 

In  breeding  cows  Golden  Treasure  again  took 
first,  looking  exceedingly  handsome  and  well  deserv- 
ing her  honors.  Taylor's  Bosamond,  a  first  prize 
cow  in  the  "offspring"  class  at  Shrewsbury,  had 
second  prize.  F.  I.  Gough's  high-priced  Stockton- 
bury  cow  Mabelle,  by  Lord  Wilton,  was  third,  an- 
other Lord  Wilton  from  Stocktonbury,  Flo,  being 
reserve  and  H.  C.  In  three-year-old  heifers  Allen 
Hughes'  Sunflower  was  again  first,  Eankin 's  Grace 
Wilton,  by  Lord  Wilton,  second,  Gough  with  Eosa, 
by  Lord  Wilton,  third,  and  Eankin  reserve  and  H. 
C.  with  another  daughter  of  Lord  Wilton.  In  cows- 
and-two-offspring  the  Leinthall  herd  furnished  both 


MORE   ROYAL  DECISIONS  REVIEWED  241 

first  and  second  in  a  very  strong  good  class.  Eebe, 
by  Napoleon  (5476),  dam  by  Cannon  Ball  (4399), 
with  her  two  nice  daughters  of  Auctioneer,  Eowena 
and  New  Year's  Gift,  was  first  and  Eoseleaf  with 
her  capital  son,  Prince  Eose,  and  a  first-class  daugh- 
ter, Eose  of  Leinthall,  by  Auctioneer,  was  second. 
Eobert  Hall,  with  his  previous  winner,  Lovely,  this 
time  with  a  pair  of  twin  bulls,  Sir  Julian  and  Sir 
Julius,  had  third.* 

In  two-year-old  heifers  Taylor's  Vanity  7th,  by 
Franklin,  by  Lord  Wilton,  a  remarkably  level  nice 
heifer,  had  first  prize,  and  A.  P.  Turner's  Kathleen, 
by  The  Grove  3d,  second  prize.  The  latter  was  a 
remarkably  good  heifer  with  perhaps  a  trifle  more 
scale.  These  were  two  wonderfully  good  ones,  and 
at  the  autumn  Newport  show  the  decisions  were  re- 
versed. Then  Kathleen  had  a  capital  coat  and  Van- 
ity had  very  little.  Lord  Coventry  had  third  prize 
with  Plum  Jam,  by  Fisherman.  In  yearlings  Allen 
Hughes  had  first  with  Ladybird,  by  Garfield  2d 
(7648),  a  big  good  heifer.  Lord  Coventry  was  sec- 
ond with  a  nice  daughter  of  Good  Boy. 

Good  Boy  and  Rare  Sovereign. — Good  Boy  came 
forward  again  in  fine  form  and  headed  the  aged 
bull  class  in  Norwich  in  1886,  Tudge's  Prince  Eose, 

*Apropos  of  the  charge  that  Herefords  are  weak  at  the  pail, 
these  two  Leinthall  cows  were  exceptionally  good  milkers.  When 
the  champions  were  being  judged  in  the  large  ring  upon  this 
occasion,  Mr.  Mitchell,  a  leading  Galloway  breeder,  called  out  to 
one  who  stood  at  the  opposite  side  of  the  ring:  "What  about  the 
Herefords  for  milkers,  Tudge?"  The  latter  answered  back:  "I 
am  first  and  second  in  the  breeding  cow  Hereford  class,  and  I  will 
show  any  man  for  the  two  best  milkers  in  the  showyard  for  £50 
with  my  two  Hereford  cows."  Mitchell  called  out,  loud  enough 
for  all  to  hear:  "What  do  you  say  to  that,  you  milking  men?" 
A  good  many  went  and  looked  at  the  two  cows,  but  no  one  took 
the  wager. 


242  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

a  fine  upstanding  younger  bull,  gaining  second.  In 
the  three-year-old  class  Maidstone  had  an  easy  vic- 
tory, although  there  was  plenty  of  competition  in 
the  class.  Mr.  Henry  Hay  wood's  Honeywood,  a 
straight  lengthy  bull  with  nice  character  and  style, 
a  son  of  the  Horace  bull  Truro,  was  second.  In 
two-year-olds  Lord  Coventry's  Eare  Sovereign,  a 
soon  of  Good  Boy  and  a  first-class  type  of  a  Here- 
ford sire,  took  first  prize.  He  had  plenty  of  size 
and  quality  with  level  form.  Second  was  given  to 
Mr.  George  Child's  Warrior  True,  by  Treasure 
Trove,  and  third  to  the  Leinthall  bull  Trojan,  by 
Auctioneer.  In  the  yearling  bulls  Eees  Keene  was 
first  on  Eeliance,  by  Bangham,  the  second  going  to 
Major  Eankin's  Cicero,  both  grandsons  of  Lord  Wil- 
ton. Third  went  to  John  Price  for  Plato,  a  straight 
useful  son  of  his  Eoyal  winner  Monarch,  by  Lord 
Wilton,  -with  reserve  to  Eichard  Green  on  The  Whit- 
tern  's  Prince,  another  son  of  Lord  Wilton  from  Per- 
fection, by  Eodney. 

Golden  Treasure. — In  a  capital  class  of  breeding 
cows  Lord  Coventry's  wonderfully  good  Golden 
Treasure  well  kept  up  her  form  and  name,  again 
taking  first  prize.  Allen  Hughes'  Sunflower,  the 
winning  heifer  of  the  past  three  years,  had  to  give 
way  and  take  a  second.  The  straight  good-looking 
Leinthall  cow  Eebe,  winner  of  the  herd  book  prize 
at  Preston,  had  third,  Mr.  F.  I.  Gough's  Mabelle,  by 
Lord  Wilton,  being  reserve  and  highly  commended. 
The  in-calf  three-year-old  heifer  class  produced  two 
remarkably  good  ones  in  A.  P.  Turner's  Kathleen, 


HOTSPUR    (7726)    AT  THREE   YEARS— BRED   BY   T.   J.   CARWARDINE. 


HOTSPUR    (7028)    AT   FOUR   YEARS— BRED   BY  JOHN   PRICE. 


244  A   HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

by  The  Grove  3d,  and  Taylor's  Vanity  7tli,  by  Frank- 
lin. At  Preston  Vanity  had  first.  Now  it  was  Kath- 
leen's win.  Seldom  are  two  such  good  heifers  seen 
in  showyard  competition.  In  two-year-olds  H.  W 
Taylor  with  another  daughter  of  Franklin,  Auri^ 
cula,  carried  off  first  prize  with  a  very  smart  stylish 
heifer,  Mr.  Hill  of  Orleton  coming  second  with  Lor- 
raine, by  Viscount  (8140). 

The  Hereford  Herd  Book  prize  that  had  been 
given  for  several  years  for  cow  and  two  offspring 
was  this  year  changed  to  yearlings,  one  bull  and  two 
heifers,  when  singularly  enough  the  Leinthall  win- 
ner of  first  and  second  the  previous  year  won  it 
again  under  the  new  regulation,  the  award  going  to 
the  remarkably  good  young  bull  Eegent  (9121),  a 
son  of  Regal,  dam  Rhea,  by  Romulus,  all  of  the  old 
Adforton  breeding.  The  two  heifers  were  New 
Year's  Gift  and  Apple  Blossom,  by  Auctioneer.  The 
second  prize  went  to  John  Price  for  Goldfinder  and 
two  nice  heifers,  May  Queen  and  Ethel,  all  by 
Monarch. 

Newcastle-on-Tyne. — North  Countrymen  next  had 
another  opportunity  of  seeing  the  Herefords  in 
1887,  and  the  breed  was  fairly  well  represented  by 
sixty-six  entries,  including  many  fine  animals. 

Maidstone  again  was  first  among  aged  bulls,  look- 
ing remarkably  well  and  having  a  very  easy  win. 
Good  Boy  was  not  there,  so  there  was  nothing 
to  make  the  running.  The  third  bull  at  Norwich, 
Mrs.  Edwards'  Magnet,  was  now  second;  the  three- 
year-olds  being  merged  here  into  the  i  l  all  aged, ' '  he 


MORE   ROYAL   DECISIONS   REVIEWED  245 

scarcely  had  a  fair  chance.  This  sent  Eare  Sover- 
eign, Lord  Coventry's  great  young  bull,  down  to 
third.  Another  three-year-old,  Stockton  Prince,  by 
Lord  Wilton,  was  reserve.  In  two-year-olds  the 
Leinthall  bull  Eegent,  one  of  the  Norwich  winners, 
a  bull  of  great  substance,  was  an  easy  first.  Big, 
thick  and  massive,  he  was  remarkably  well  developed 
over  the  loins,  heavy-fleshed  and  with  splendid  char- 
acter. He  had  won  many  prizes  and  would  have 
been  hard  to  beat  for  championship  honors.  Mr.  A. 
E.  Hughes  was  second  with  Pirate,  a  bull  of  nice 
character  and  quality,  scarcely  showing  the  sub- 
stance of  the  winner.  The  Earl  of  Coventry  was 
third  with  Minstrel,  by  Spartan,  and  reserve  with 
Textuary,  by  Good  Boy,  two  promising  young  bulls 
in  a  good  class  of  nine.  In  the  young  class  A.  P. 
Turner  won  first  with  Tarquin,  by  the  Lord  Wilton 
bull  Sir  Edward  and  from  the  grand  heifer  Kath- 
leen, by  The  Grove  3d,  the  winner  in  the  three-year- 
old  heifer  class  at  Norwich.  He  was  a  deep  thick 
bull  with  nice  Hereford  character.  Second  prize 
went  to  John  Tudge's  Alton,  a  son  of  Leinthall 
(8801)  out  of  Coral,  by  Mareschal  Niel,  a  stylish 
and  attractive  young  bull.  The  third  prize  winner 
was  the  Earl  of  Coventry's  Golden  Miner,  by  Cali- 
f  ornian,  his  dam  being  Golden  Dream,  by  Fisherman 
from  Golden  Treasure,  by  Mareschal  Neil. 

In  breeding  cows  and  three-year-old  heifers  Mr. 
Taylor's  Gem,  by  Franklin,  the  third  prize  two- 
year-old  of  the  previous  year,  now  took  first,  the 
older  breeding  cow  Myrtle,  shown  by  Sir  Joseph 


RARE    SOVEREIGN     (10449)     AT    TWO     YEARS    FIVE    MONTHS— BRED     BY 
LORD   COVENTRY. 


GOOD    BOY     (7668)     AT    FOUR    YEARS    EIGHT    MONTHS— BRED    BY    LORD 

COVENTRY. 


248  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Spearman,  taking  second.  Allen  Hughes'  Sun- 
flower, the  winner  of  so  many  heifer  prizes  and  now 
five  years  old,  had  third.  In  two-year-olds  Bees 
Keene  won  first  with  Bangle,  by  Bangham,  dam  by 
Tredegar,  a  deep  thick  heifer,  but  not  so  neat  and 
stylish  as  the  second,  Mr.  Crawshay's  Cyfartha  Vio- 
let, a  trim-built  heifer  of  first-class  quality,  her  dam 
being  Downton  Violet,  by  Downton  Boy.  A.  E. 
Hughes  had  third  for  Blossom,  by  Garfield  2d 
(7628).  In  yearlings  J.  H.  Arkwright  won  first 
with  Ivington  Lass  24th,  a  daughter  of  Eose  Cross 
and  a  very  handsome  heifer  with  splendid  Here- 
ford character  and  level  lines  like  her  sire.  The 
second  was  H.  R.  Hall's  Gay  Lass,  also  a  very  deep 
thick  one,  exceptionally  level  and  good  all  over.  The 
Earl  of  Coventry  was  third  with  Rosewater.  These 
were  all  remarkably  good  heifers.  Seldom  are  bet- 
ter seen,  together.  In  the  group  class  for  bull  and 
two  heifers  Stephen  Robinson  was  placed  first  with 
The  Squire,  by  Highland  Laird,  and  two  nice  heifers 
by  Rosestock.  John  Price  was  second  on  Prince 
Alfred,  by  Monarch,  and  two  nice  heifers  by  the 
same  sire.  The  Leinthall  herd  had  reserve  and 
highly  commended  for  Baron  Wilton,  by  Viscount 
Wilton,  Lady  Wilton  and  Elsie  Wilton,  daughters 
of  Lord  Wilton.  These  were  three  grand  lots,  the 
judges  having  difficulty  in  placing  the  prizes. 

Nottingham  Decisions. — The  Nottingham  Royal  of 
1888  was  a  very  successful  meeting  for  the  society, 
the  attendance  being  large.  In  aged  bulls  the  re- 
doubtable Maidstone  again  had  first  prize,  but  it 


MORE   ROYAL   DECISIONS   REVIEWED  249 

was  quite  a  matter  of  opinion  between  him  and  Rare 
Sovereign,  placed  second.  The  younger  bull,  with 
splendid  style,  character  and  quality,  had  a  great 
many  admirers.  In  the  three-year-olds  W.  H.  Cook's 
Grove  Wilton  3d,  sire  Lord  Wilton,  dam  Polyan- 
thus, by  The  Grove  3d,  a  remarkably  deep  heavy1 
fleshed  bull,  had  first  prize.  Of  great  scale  and 
quality,  he  had  strong  masculine  character  and  was 
subsequently  given  the  reserve  male  championship. 
Second  to  him  was  Lord  Coventry's  Eondeau,  by 
Minstrel,  a  smart  bull  of  good  quality.  Two-year- 
olds  furnished  the  champion  male  Hereford  in 
John  Price's  Prince  Alfred,  by  Monarch  and  out 
of  Playful,  by  Hotspur.  He  had  been  shown  in  the 
family  class  that  took  the  second  prize  at  Newcastle. 
Prince  Alfred  was  a  very  heavy-fleshed  level  good 
bull  of  splendid  quality  and  true  Hereford  char- 
acter, well  deserving  all  his  honors.  Lord  Cov- 
entry's Golden  Miner  and  Taylor's  son  of  Maid- 
stone  were  second  and  third.  In  the  younger  class 
A.  E.  Hughes  was  first  with  Royal  Head,  a  bull  of 
great  scale  and  good  Hereford  character.  Thomas 
Fenn  was  second  with  Downton  Wilton,  by  Viscount 
Wilton,  a  bull  of  first-rate  quality.  Lord  Coventry 
was  third  with  Royal  Ruler,  by  Rare  Sovereign  and 
from  Rosemary,  by  The  Grove  3d. 

In  cows  Sir  Joseph  Spearman's  Myrtle  6th,  sec- 
ond the  year  before,  was  now  first.  Her  Majesty 
Queen  Victoria  was  second  with  Mabelle,  and  Ran- 
kin  was  third  with  Fortune  Teller.  In  the  in-calf 
heifer  class  Taylor's  Cardiff  Lass  was  first,  Ralph 


250  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE. 

Palmer  coming  second  with  Lightfoot  and  Col. 
Bridgeford  third  with  Princess.  The  next  class, 
two-year-olds,  was  a  remarkably  good  one.  Lord 
Coventry's  Eosewater  was  first,  Arkwright's  Iving- 
ton  Lass  24th  was  second,  and  Tudge's  Lady  Wil- 
ton, by  Lord  Wilton,  third — three  marvellously  good 
heifers  to  be  in  one  class.  In  yearlings  R.  Keene's 
Blanche  Bangham  was  first,  Allen  Hughes'  Prin- 
cess second,  and  The  Queen  was  third  with  Belle. 
In  the  showing  for  best  bull  and  two  heifers  H.  F. 
Eussell  was  first  with  three  by  Horace  Hardwick, 
a  useful  lot.  S.  Robinson  was  second  with  a  bull  by 
Highland  Laird  and  two  nice  heifers  by  Rose  Stock. 

The  Windsor  Jubilee. — The  Jubilee  Meeting,  com- 
memorating the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  Royal 
Agricultural  Society  of  England,  was  held  in  Wind- 
sor Great  Park  on  June  24,  1889.  It  was  a  splendid 
exhibition  of  all  breeds,  and  favored  with  fine 
weather.  The  121  Herefords  were  a  grand  lot. 

In  aged  bulls  Mr.  Taylor's  Maidstone  readied  the 
zenith  of  his  career,  again  winning  first  prize.  This 
was  his  sixth  Royal  win  in  succession,  and  this  time 
he  was  champion  male  Hereford  and  reserve  for 
the  Queen's  gold  medal.  The  second  was  given  to 
John  Price 's  Radnor  Boy,  although  he  was  not  so 
general  a  favorite  as  the  third  prize  bull,  Lord  Cov- 
entry's Rare  Sovereign,  the  well  known  son  of  Good 
Boy  out  of  Rare  Jewel,  by  Merry  Monarch,  tracing 
back  to  Lord  Berwick's  famous  old  herd.  ,  W.  H. 
Cooke  had  reserve  with  Grove  Wilton  3d.  In  two- 
year-old  bulls  Her  Majesty  Queen  Victoria  was  first 


Copyright  photo  by 
PRIZE-WINNING    BULL    HAPPY    HAMPTON. 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustin 
ROYAL  PRIZE  BULL  SPRING  JAOK— Bred  by  Mr.   Arkwright. 


252  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

with  Favourite  (13052),  bred  by  John  Price,  and 
a  son  of  his  Royal  winner  Monarch  (7858),  by  Lord 
Wilton,  a  young  bull  of  fine  style  and  character  and 
plenty  of  size  and  quality,  well  entitled  to  his  place 
at  first  in  the  class.  The  Earl  of  Coventry  was 
second  with  White  Boy,  from  White  Eose  by  Patriot, 
a  bull  with  much  scale,  a  good  top  and  straight  un- 
derline. Third  prize  was  given  to  Thomas  Fenn's 
Downton  Wilton,  a  son  of  Viscount  Wilton,  a  nice 
quality  bull  like  his  sire.  The  yearlings  and  bull 
calves,  a  class  of  thirty-five,  were  difficult  to  judge, 
first  prize  eventually  being  given  to  Sir  James  Ran- 
kin's  Figaro,  a  straight  useful  calf  by  Cicero,  son 
of  Lord  Wilton.  The  second  went  to  Allen  Hughes' 
Endale,  bred  by  Edward  Yeld  of  Endale,  a  son  of 
Hilarity  from  Fraulein  Wilton,  by  Lord  Wilton,  a 
deep  heavy-fleshed  dark-colored  calf  with  more  sub- 
stance than  the  winner.  The  third  in  this  very  large 
good  class  was  the  Earl  of  Coventry's  Golden  Sover- 
eign, from  Golden  Dream,  a  daughter  of  the  treble 
Royal  winner  Golden  Treasure. 

In  a  class  of  nineteen  cows  and  heifers  in  calf  or 
in  milk,  the  winner  was  a  marvelously  good  one. 
,-tThis  was  the  Earl  of  Coventry's  Rosewater,  not 
only  first  in  her  class  but  the  champion  Hereford 
female  and  the  winner  of  the  Queen's  gold  medal 
as  best  Hereford  in  the  yard.  She  was  a  daughter 
of  Rare  Sovereign  from  Rosemary,  by  The  Grove  3d, 
faultless  in  form,  yet  with  plenty  of  scale  and  beauti- 
ful character  and  quality.  She  was  called  a  model 
Hereford.  J.  H.  Arkwright  was  second  with  Curly 


254  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

23d,  a  straight  good  heifer  by  the  Royal  winner 
Eose  Cross.  Thomas  Fenn  had  third  with  Bravura, 
by  Good  Boy,  bred  at  Croome's  Court.  In  two-year- 
olds  Allen  Hughes  was  first  with  Princess,  a  good 
daughter  of  Newton  Plum,  A.  P.  Turner  was  second 
with  Veronica,  by  Sir  Edward,  and  Her  Majesty 
was  third  with  Jenny  Lind.  The  next  was  a  very 
large  and  good  class  of  thirty-three,  Her  Majesty 
again  winning  first  prize,  this  time  with  Eose,  by 
Auctioneer,  a  very  level  stylish  heifer  with  plenty 
of  size,  good  hair  and  quality,  with  nice  character, 
and  standing  square  and  good  all  around.  Auction- 
eer had  been  loaned  for  a  time  to  Mr.  Tait,  the 
Queen 's  farm  manager,  but  he  unfortunately  met 
with  an  accident  to  his  stifle  joint  and  had  to  be  de- 
stroyed. He  had  been  a  very  successful  sire  at 
Court  House,  The  Brakes  and  Leinthall.  The  second 
went  to  John  Price  for  Lady  Constance,  a  daughter 
of  Monarch,  dam  by  Auctioneer,  so  that  both  win- 
ners in  this  large  good  class  were  nearly  related.* 

*We  may  here  record  an  incident  of  this  Jubilee  Royal  at 
Windsor  that  materially  affected  two  leading-  English  agricultural 
newspapers,  "Bell's  Weekly  Messenger"  and  "The  Farmer  and 
Stockbreeder."  With  the  aid  of  a  dictionary,  some  Germans  had 
been  trying  to  trade  for  a  heifer  with  one  of  the  exhibitors,  but 
failed  to  connect.  Shortly  afterwards  Mr.  Alexander  Macdonald, 
the  editor  of  "Bell's  Messenger,"  then  a  leading  London  agricul- 
tural paper,  came  by  and  asked  the  exhibitor  how  he  was  getting 
on.  The  difficulty  was  explained  to  him,  whereupon  he  said:  "My 
wife  speaks  German  like  a  native.  I  will  get  her  to  come  and 
meet  you  and  them  tomorrow."  She  came,  but  not  the  Germans. 
Macdonald  passed  by  several  times,  but  did  not  stay  to  talk. 
When  he  sent  his  report  of  the  show  to  the  printers  the  railway 
guard,  through  some  error,  failed  to  deliver  it.  James  Sinclair, 
editor  of  the  "Live  Stock  Journal,"  had  his  report  out  early  next 
morning.  Macdonald  was  much  later.  The  proprietor  of  "Bell's 
Messenger"  blamed  Macdonald,  accusing  him  of  having  neglected 
his  duty.  He  was  very  indignant  and  designed.  About  a  fort- 
night later  he  bought  a  little  paper  called  "Agriculture,"  the 
name  of  which  was  changed  to  the  "Farmer  and  Stockbreeder." 
It  has  been  a  success,  and  "Bell's  Messenger"  is  a  thing  of 
the  past. 


MORE  ROYAL  DECISIONS  REVIEWED  255 

Fifty  Years  of  Progress. — We  have  now  noted 
the  results  of  half -a-century  's  competition  for 
honors  at  England's  national  show.  From  this  it 
is  apparent  that  in  the  earlier  part  of  that  period 
scale  was  the  leading  feature,  some  enormous 
weights  being  recorded.  Cotmore,  winner  at  the  first 
Royal  show  in  1839,  weighed  3,500  pounds.  At  the 
end  of  this  fifty-year  period  in  1889,  although  Maid- 
stone,  Good  Boy  and  Fisherman  were  considered  big 
bulls,  the  heaviest  of  them  weighed  but  a  trifle  over 
2,600  pounds.  The  decisions  at  the  Worcester  show 
of  1863  and  the  character  of  the  Sir  Thomas  stock 
thereafter  shown,  first  drew  attention  to  the  fact 
that  quality  was  to  take  the  place  of  mere  bulk. 
Eighteen  years  later  came  the  Lord  Wiltons  to  the 
Derby  Eoyal  of  1881,  where  both  males  and  females 
of  that  blood  were  generally  acknowledged  to  rep- 
resent the  acme  of  Herefordshire  breeding  at  that 
date.  The  subsequent  use  of  The  Grove  3d  bulls 
upon  the  Wilton  females  brought  the  union  of 
quality  and  flesh  that  distinguished  so  many  model 
Herefords  in  succeeding  years. 

We  shall  now  be  able  to  pursue  the  history  of  the 
breed  on  our  own  side  of  the  water  with  a  good  un- 
derstanding of  the  material  with  which  we  have  to 
deal. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

FIRST  AMERICAN  IMPORTATIONS, 

The  business  of  grazing  and  feeding  cattle  for 
market  in  the  United  States  had  its  origin  in  the 
valley  of  the  South  Branch  of  the  Potomac  River 
in  the  state  of  Virginia  during  the  closing  years 
of  the  eighteenth  century.  The  War  of  the  Revo- 
lution was  over;  the  independence  of  the  colonies 
was  established.  Trade  and  industry  had  begun 
to  thrive,  and  a  profitable  market  for  good  beef 
loomed  up  in  Baltimore,  Washington,  Philadelphia 
and  New  York.  The  valley  was  populated  by  an  in- 
telligent, enterprising  and  self-reliant  people — fami- 
lies that  had  inherited  from  a  long  line  of  ances- 
tors, largely  of  British  birth,  a  love  of  the  soil,  a 
fondness  for  good  horses,  good  dogs,  good  cattle, 
and  in  general,  the  good  things  of  life  in  the  open. 
Washington  himself  had  set  the  example.  Turning 
from  the  presidency  to  the  gentle  arts  of  agricul- 
ture at  Mt.  Vernon,  he  admonished  his  countrymen 
that  farming  was  at  once  "the  most  healthful, 
most  useful,  and  the  noblest  employment  of  man." 
So  over  in  the  valley  those  who  had  contributed  of 
their  blood  and  treasure  to  the  colonial  cause,  now 
"beat  their  swords  into  plow-shares,  and  their 
spears  into  pruning-hooks."  From  the  aborigines 

256 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  257 

they  already  had  the  key  that  was  to  unlock  stores 
of  gold  greater  than  even  Pizzaro  coveted.  They 
had  the  Indian  corn. 

"All  around  the  happy  village 

Stood  the  maize  fields  green  and  shining." 

" Squaw  farming/'  while  not  scientific,  was  sug- 
gestive. The  possibilities  of  the  corn  plant  were  ob- 
vious. Its  culture  by  these  Virginians  led  inevit- 
ably to  cattle;  and  once  they  had  progressed  that 
far  it  was  only  a  question  of  a  little  time  until  some 
enterprising  member  of  the  community  was  certain 
to  conceive  the  idea  of  engrafting  upon  their  unim- 
proved stock  the  blood  of  the  better  breeds  that  were 
known  to  graze  in  the  distant  pastures  of  the 
motherland. 

As  to  who  made  the  original  purchases  we  cannot 
at  this  date  be  entirely  certain.  Tradition  has  it 
that  while  the  foundations  of  the  great  industry 
soon  to  be  carried  over  the  Blue  Eidge  into  the  Ohio 
Valley  and  the  west  were  being  laid  in  the  Old  Do- 
minion, an  importation  of  Heref ords  was  made  into 
Virginia  by  a  Mr.  W.  C.  Eives,  but  authentic  rec- 
ords in  reference  to  such  shipment  (if  made)  are 
not  available.  The  .known  fact  is  that  Messrs. 
Gough  and  Miller  made  certain  importations  of 
the  old  Teeswater  (Shorthorn  or  Durham)  and 
other  stock  into  Maryland  and  Virginia  about  1786, 
and  that  the  descendants  of  these  cattle  were  bred 
and  handled  with  profit  for  a  long  series  of  years 
by  the  pioneer  graziers  and  feeders  of  that  period. 

Under  the  name  of  "Patton  stock " — so  called  be- 


258  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

cause  first  introduced  by  the  Messrs.  Patton — the 
descendants  of  the  Gough  and  Miller  importations 
became  the  basis  of  the  great  cattle  business  subse- 
quently developed  in  the  bluegrass  regions  of  cen- 
tral Kentucky  and  southern  Ohio. 

First  Improved  Blood  in  Kentucky. — Careful 
investigation  indicates  that  the  commonly  accepted 
statement  that  the  Gough  and  Miller  cattle  were 
all  of  the  Shorthorn  and  Durham  type  is  not  cor- 
rect. Examination  of  various  records  bearing  upon 
this  question  indicates  that  Longhorn  and  possibly 
Hereford  blood  were  included  in  the  purchases  made 
by  these  gentlemen  in  England.  The  foundations 
therefore  of  the  cattle-breeding  operations  of  those 
who  in  the  early  days  began  the  profitable  business 
of  converting  corn  and  bluegrass  into  beef  in  central 
Kentucky  and  southern  Ohio,  were  not  entirely  laid 
in  the  blood  of  the  Teeswater  cattle.  In  the  course 
of  our  inquiries  touching  this  point  and  confirma- 
tory of  the  above  statement,  the  author  submits  the 
following  interesting  letter  written  by  Mr.  B.  Har- 
rison of  Woodf ord  county,  Ky.,  and  published  in  the 
"Franklin  Farmer "  in  1838: 

"The  impression  that  Matthew  Patton,  Sr.,  was 
the  first  individual  who  brought  blooded  cattle  to 
Kentucky,  is  incorrect.  The  facts  are,  that  some 
two  or  three  Mr.  Pattons,  the  sons,  and  a  Mr.  Gay,, 
the  son-in-law  of  Matthew  Patton,  Sr.,  brought  some 
half -blooded  English  cattle  (so  called),  a  bull  and 
some  heifers,  as  early  as  1785,  or  thereabouts,  and 
settled  where  Nicholasville,  in  Jessamine  county, 
now  stands.  The  cattle  were  from  the  stock  of  Mat- 


I  Col.  Lewis  Sanders  I    Ff 


260  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

thew  Patton,  Sr.,  who  then  resided  in  Virginia. 
These  cattle  I  never  saw  and  know  but  little  about.  I 
have  heard  them  spoken  of  as  being  large  at  that  day 
and  have  always  understood  that  they  were  the 
calves  of  a  bull  owned  by  Matthew  Patton,  Sr.,  which 
he  purchased  of  Gough  of  Maryland,  who  was  an 
importer  of  English  cattle.  I  never  saw  that  bull, 
but  have  often  heard  my  grandfather  (Matthew 
Patton,  Sr.)  speak  of  him.  He  described  him  as 
being  very  large  and  of  the  Longhorned  breed. 
Matthew  Patton,  Sr.,  emigrated  to  Kentucky  about 
the  year  1790  and  brought  with  him  some  six  or 
more  cows  and  calves  of  the  Longhorned  bull  before 
mentioned.  I  knew  these  cows  very  well  for  I  saw 
them  almost  every  day  for  several  years.  They 
were  large,  somewhat  coarse  and  rough,  with  very 
long  horns,  wide  between  the  points,  turning  up  con- 
siderably, their  bags  and  teats  very  large,  differing 
widely  in  appearance  from  the  Longhorned  stock 
of  the  importation  of  1817.  Some  of  them  were  first 
rate  milkers. 

1 '  About  the  year  1795,  Matthew  Patton,  Sr.,  pro- 
cured from  the  beforementioned  Gough,  through  his 
son,  William  Patton,  a  bull  called  Mars,  and  a  heifer 
called  Venus,  both  of  which  were  sold  by  Gough  as 
full-blooded  English  cattle,  but  like  the  importation 
of  1817,  they  had  no  other  pedigree.  The  bull  was  a 
deep  red,  with  a  white  face,  of  good  size,  of  round 
full  form,  of  more  bone  than  the  popular  stock  of  the 
present  day,,  his  horns  somewhat  coarse.  The  heifer 
was  a  pure  white  except  her  ears,  which  were  red, 
of  fine  size,  high  form,  short  crumply  horns  turning 
downwards.  She  produced  two  bull  calves  by  Mars 
and  died.  One  of  these  bulls  was  taken  to  the 
neighborhood  of  Chillicothe,  0.,  by  William  Pat- 
ton,  and  the  other  to  Jessamine  Co.,  Ky.,  by 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  261 

Eoger  Patton.  Mars  remained  in  the  possession 
of  Matthew  Patton,  Sr.,  until  his  death,  in  the  year 
1803.  He  was  then  sold  at  the  sale  of  his  estate 
and  purchased  by  a  Mr.  Peeples  of  the  same  neigh- 
borhood, but  who  soon  afterwards  changed  his  resi- 
dence to  Montgomery  county,  taking  Mars  with  him, 
where  the  bull  soon  after  died.  Mars,  whilst  in  the 
possession  of  Matthew  Patton,  Sr.,  served  few  cows 
except  his  own  and  those  of  his  sons  and  son-in-law, 
for  the  reason  that  he  charged  the  sum  of  two  dol- 
lars for  each  cow  served  by  the  bull,  which  price 
was  at  that  day  considered  so  extravagant  that  only 
a  few  individuals  would  breed  to  him.  The  bull 
calves  that  he  produced  were  nearly  all  permitted 
to  run  for  breeders;  consequently  every  person  in 
a  large  section  of  country,  had  an  opportunity 
of  breeding  to  half-blooded  bulls,  which  effected  a 
great  improvement  in  the  stock  of  cattle  in  a  large 
portion  of  Clarke  county  and  a  small  portion  of 
Bourbon  county.  Mars  produced  from  the  half  Long- 
horned  cows,  which  I  have  before  described,  stock 
that  would  be  considered  good,  even  at  this  day. 
All  the  bull  calves  that. were  bred  by  Patton  and 
his  family  were  sold  to  persons  in  all  the  different 
sections  of  this  state  and  some  to  persons  living 
in  other  states.  Mars  has  been  dead  33  years. 

"In  1803,  Daniel  Harrison  (my  father),  James 
Patton  and  James  Gay,  purchased  of  a  Mr.  Miller, 
of  Virginia,  who  was  an  importer  of  English  cattle, 
a  two-year-old  bull  called  Pluto,  who  certified  that 
he  was  got  by  an  imported  bull  and  came  out  of  an 
imported  cow,  but  gave  no  other  pedigree.  Pluto 
was  a  dark  red  or  brindle,  and  when  full  grown 
was  the  largest  bull  I  have  ever  seen,  with  an  un- 
commonly small  head  and  neck,  light,  short  horns, 
very  heavy-fleshed,  yet  not  carrying  so  much  on  the 


262  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

most  desirable  points  as  the  fashionable  stock  of 
the  present  day,  with  small  bone  for  an  animal  of 
his  weight.  Pluto  was  kept  on  the  farms  of  his 
owners  and  served  their  cows  and  those  of  such 
others  as  were  willing  to  pay  $2  per  cow,  which  was 
not  many,  as  the  price  was  still  considered  too  high. 
He  was  bred  upon  the  cows  produced  by  the  Patton 
bull  Mars,  which  produced  stock  that  has  rarely 
been  excelled  in  all  the  essential  qualities  of  the 
cow  kind.  They  were  unquestionably  the  best  milk- 
ers that  have  ever  been  in  Kentucky,  taken  as  a 
stock  in  the  general,  and  but  little  inferior  in  point 
of  form  to  the  most  approved  stock  of  the  present 
day,  and  of  greater  size.  In  the  year  1812,  or  there- 
abouts, Pluto  was  taken  to  Ohio,  and  shortly  after- 
wards died. 

"In  the  year  1810,  or  thereabouts,  Capt.  Wm. 
Smith,  of  Fayette,  purchased  of  the  same  Mr.  Mil- 
ler the  bull  called  Buzzard.  He  was  a  brindle,  very 
large  and  coarse,  taller  than  Pluto,  but  not  consid- 
ered so  heavy.  A  number  of  the  Pluto  cows,  as  well 
as  the  produce  of  the  Patton  bull,  were  bred  to 
Buzzard,  but  the  stock  was  held  rather  in  disrepute 
on  account  of  coarseness  and  the  disinclination  to 
early  maturity.  Buzzard  was  sired  by  the  same 
bull  that  Pluto  was,  but  came  out  of  a  different  cow, 
said  to  be  of  the  Longhorned  stock  which  Miller  had 
bought  of  Matthew  Patton,  Sr. 

"  About  the  year  1813,  a  Mr.  Inskip  came  to  Ken- 
tucky from  Virginia  and  brought  with  him  a  large 
bull  called  Inskip 's  Brindle.  He  was  a  large  coarse 
bull,  and  I  have  always  understood  that  he  was  a 
descendant  of  Miller 's  stock,  mixed  with  the  Long- 
horned  stock  that  Matthew  Patton,  Sr.,  left  in  Vir- 
ginia when  he  left  there. 

" About   the   year    1814,   Daniel   Harrison    (my 


FIRST     AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  263 

father)  procured  a  bull  and  heifer  from  a  Mr.  Rin- 
gold,  an  importer  of  English  cattle,  either  of  Mary- 
land or  Virginia.  They  were  called  the  Carey  cattle. 
They  were  pied  red  and  white,  were  rather  small, 
light-fleshed,  raw-boned  stock,  and  had  no  claims  to 
merit  only  for  milking  qualities.  They  were  good 
milkers. ' ' 

While  the  above  letter  in  its  entirety  is  of  gen- 
eral interest,  the  reference  to  the  bull  Mars  is  es- 
pecially significant.  It  will  be  observed  that  he  is 
described  as  "a  deep  red,  with  a  white  face,  of  good 
size,  of  round  full  form,  of  more  bone  than  the  popu- 
lar stock  of  the  present  day,  his  horns  somewhat 
coarse, "  etc.  That  might  be  a  description  of  a 
Hereford  of  that  period,  and  as  he  was  bought  and 
used  by  the  Pattons,  who  introduced  the  first  im- 
proved blood  into  Kentucky,  it  may  be  that  a  Here- 
fordshire cross  entered  into  some  of  these  founda- 
tion herds.  The  Longhorn  blood  was  freely  used. 
That  has  been  a  well  recognized  fact  for  many  years. 
Nevertheless,  the  Shorthorn  or  Durham  blood  pre- 
dominated strongly  in  the  Patton  cattle,  and  this 
preponderance  became  an  overwhelming  percentage 
after  the  importation  and  use  of  the  cattle  soon 
afterwards  brought  direct  from  England  into  Ken- 
tucky by  Col.  Lewis  Sanders. 

Henry  Clay's  Importation  of  1817.— In  1816 
Hon.  Henry  Clay,  of  Lexington,  Ky.,  was  in  Eng- 
land. In  common  with  other  public-spirited  Ken- 
tuckians  of  that  day  he  was  anxious  to  assist  in 
every  possible  way  in  developing  the  natural  re- 


264  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

sources  of  the  new  state.  Hearing  that  his  friend  and 
fellow-citizen,  Col.  Lewis  Sanders,*  a  large  land- 
owner in  Fayette  and  Gallatin  counties,  had  placed 
an  order  in  Liverpool  for  a  shipment  of  Shorthorns 
and  Longhorns  with  a  view  towards  improving  the 
old  Patton  cattle,  Mr.  Clay  decided  to  give  the  breed 
that  was  then  attracting  so  much  attention  at  the 
Smithfield  Fat  Stock  Show  in  London  a  trial  in  the 
bluegrass.  There  is  no  record  extant  as  to  where 
the  specimens  were  procured,  but  the  forwarding 
of  a  cow,  a  young  bull  and  a  heifer  of  the  Hereford 
breed  by  the  ship  Mohawk,  which  brought  out  the 
famous  Shorthorn  importation  of  1817  from  Liver- 
pool to  Baltimore,  is  a  matter  of  recorded  history. 
The  comparatively  small  sum  of  £105  is  said  to  have 
been  paid  for  the  lot  in  England. 

This  importation  of  Shorthorns,  Longhorns  and 
Herefords  was  destined  to  have  a  far-reaching  and 
most  beneficent  effect  upon  the  agriculture  of  the 
middle  west.  There  were  no  herd  books  either  in 
Great  Britain  or  America  in  1817.  While  there  has 
never  been  any  question  as  to  the  fact  that  the  ani- 

*Col.  Sanders  was  a  close  student  of  agricultural  conditions  and  a 
regular  reader  of  English  publications  dealing  with  farm  topics. 
Through  these  he  had  learned  of  the  great  prices  paid  by  tenant 
farmers  for  Shorthorns  at  the  Chas.  Colling  sale.  Commenting  on 
these  he  said : 

"Countess,  out  of  Lady,  four  years  old,  brought  four  hundred 
guineas  ($2,000).  Comet,  six  years  old,  brought  one  thousand  guineas 
($5,000).  He  was  bought  by  four  farmers.  It  seemed  to  me  that  if 
four  farmers  were  willing  to  pay  $5,000  for  a  bull,  there  was  a  value 
in  that  breed  that  we  were  unapprised  of,  and  that  I  should  endeavor 
to  procure  it.  I  made  up  an  order  for  six  bulls  and  six  cows.  My 
views  were  then  more  inclined  for  a  good  milking  than  for  a  good 
beef  breed.  The  weight  of  the  authorities  given  by  the  writers  on  the 
subject  of  cattle  at  the  close  of  the  last  and  the  commencement  of 
the  present  century  was  in  favor  of  the  Holderness  breed  as  the  best 
for  milking,  and  the  Teeswater  and  Durham  as  having  the  hand- 
somest and  most  perfect  forms.  I  settled  on  these  breeds." 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  265 

mals  imported  were  true  to  their  respective  types, 
pedigrees  and  purity  of  blood  were  held  by  the  prac- 
tical seekers  after  bovine  excellence  in  those  days 
in  complete  subordination  to  fleshing  and  milking 
capacity.  Actual  value  for  practical  use  was  the 
test  of  good  breeding,  and  so  while  many  of  the 
descendants  of  these  imported  Shorthorns  were  kept 
pure  and  free  from  admixture  of  other  blood,  there 
was  more  or  less  cross-breeding  practiced. 

Mr.  Clay  placed  his  Heref ords  in  the  capable 
hands  of  Isaac  Cunningham,  owner  of  one  of  the 
largest  and  best  grass  farms  in  Kentucky  at  that 
date,  and  a  man  of  wealth  and  influence,  possessing 
many  good  cows  of  the  Patton  blood.  While  for 
the  most  part  loyal  Shorthorn  breeders,  Mr.  Cun- 
ningham and  his  contemporaries  utilized  the  Here- 
ford blood  for  crossing  purposes,  and  certain  of  the 
local  herds  of  "Durhams"  were  thus  "infected" — 
as  it  was  afterwards  regarded  by  those  who  owned 
English-bred  Shorthorns — with  the  Hereford  "al- 
loy." Yet  the  percentage  of  Hereford  blood  to 
Shorthorn  blood  in  use  in  Kentucky  for  a  long  series 
of  years  following  this  importation  was  as  a  drop 
in  a  full  bucket,  and  as  no  additional  Hereford  blood 
was  introduced  into  the  state  for  many  years  after, 
it  is  not  strange  that  the  "white  face"  was  soon 
merged  with  and  altogether  lost  its  identity  in  the 
broad  Shorthorn  stream  that  soon  swallowed  it  up. 

Looking  back  over  a  long  series  of  years  after 
this  early  Kentucky  experiment  with  Hereford 
blood,  Mr.  Clay  wrote  to  Hon.  Henry  S.  Randall, 


266  A  HISTORY  OP  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

of  New  York,  one  of  the  leading  agricultural  writers 
of  the  time,  in  the  following  vein : 

"I  was  induced  to  discontinue  breeding  the  Here- 
fords  in  consequence  of  an  apprehension  that  I 
should  breed  in-and-in  too  far,  which  in  some  in- 
stances I  found  to  be  the  case.  I  could  not  obtain, 
conveniently,  crosses  from  other  females  of  the  same 
race." 

Mr.  Clay  afterwards  wrote: 

"My  opinion  is  that  the  Herefords  make  better 
work  cattle,  are  hardier,  and  will,  upon  being  fat- 
tened, take  themselves  to  market  better  than  their 
rivals.  They  are  also  fair  milkers.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  Durhams,  I  think,  have  the  advantage  in 
earlier  maturity,  in  beauty  and  in  the  quantity  of 
milk  which  they  will  yield.  They  will  also  attain 
great  size  and  weight.  The  choice  between  the  two 
races  should  be  regulated  somewhat  by  circum- 
stances. If  one  has  rich,  long  and  luxuriant  grass, 
affording  a  good  bite,  and  has  not  too  far  to  drive 
to  market;  he  had  better  breed  the  Durhams,  other- 
wise the  Herefords." 

In  1846,  when  Lewis  F.  Allen  founded  the  Ameri- 
can Shorthorn  Herd  Book,  he  admitted  to  registry 
from  Kentucky  quite  a  number  of  animals  in  whose 
veins  were  traces  of  both  Hereford  and  Longhorn 
blood,  and  in  subsequent  volumes  certain  descend- 
ants of  these  cattle  were  recorded.  The  fact  that 
they  had  attained  true  Shorthorn  character  through 
the  steady  use  of  purebred  bulls  of  that  type  did  not 
save  those  tracing  to  the  "Kentucky  woods,"  as  it 
was  termed,  from  much  unmerited  vituperation,  and 
at  the  present  day  cattle  so  descended  have  prac- 
tically disappeared  from  Shorthorn  records, 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  267 

The  late  T.  L.  Miller  made  the  claim  that  inasmuch 
as  the  great  old-time  Shorthorn  bullock-breeding 
herd  of  John  D.  Gillett,  Elkhart,  111.,  father  of  the 
export  trade  in  live  cattle,  was  founded  upon  the 
blood  of  these  "  seventeen "  and  ' i  woods "  cattle, 
the  Herefords  really  shared  in  the  making  of  those 
wonderful  animals  with  which  Mr.  Gillett  at  one 
time  astonished  the  country.  This  relationship, 
however,  was  too  remote  to  be  of  practical  effect  as 
late  as  the  ' '  seventies ' '  when  the  argument  was  ad- 
vanced. The  great  and  lucrative  business  of  mak- 
ing beef  in  Ohio  and  Kentucky  and  driving  it  on 
the  hoof  across  the  mountains  to  seaboard  markets 
was  based  very  largely  upon  the  Shorthorn  blood, 
and  yet  it  is* a  fact  that  some  of  the  herds  which  con- 
tributed to  the  upbuilding  of  that  business  had  re- 
ceived Hereford  and  Longhorn  crosses.  However, 
that  subject  at  the  present  time  is  one  of  sentimental 
rather  than  of  practical  interest. 

A  Hereford  Owned  by  Lewis  Sajiders. — Unusual 
interest  attaches  to  the  somewhat  crude  picture  of 
the  cow  Jessica  presented  herewith.  This  is  the 
only  illustration  we  have  ever  seen  of  any  of  the 
direct  descendants  of  the  Henry  Clay  importation 
into  Kentucky.  Our  plate  is  a  reproduction  of  a 
lithograph  made  a  great  many  years  ago  by  T. 
Campbell  of  Ghent,  Ky.,  who  copied  it  from  a  paint- 
ing by  Troye.  This  cow  was  owned  for  a  time  by 
Col.  Lewis  Sanders,  and  the  fact  that  an  animal  of 
such  distinctively  Hereford  character  was  in  his 
possession,  illustrates  the  tendency  in  the  early  days 


268  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

of  cattle  breeding  in  Kentucky  to  experiment  in 
crossing  the  breeds.  It  will  be  observed  that  Jessica 
shows  indications  of  having  been  a  good  milker. 

We  have  found  this  plate  in  a  queer  old  combina- 
tion scrap-book  and  diary  kept  at  one  time  by  Col. 
Sanders  at  his  farm  at  Grass  Hills.  This  volume 
along  with  many  interesting  letters  and  various 
documents  relating  to  the  early  introduction  of  im- 
proved live  stock  into  the  state  of  Kentucky,  has 
been  kindly  placed  at  the  disposal  of  the  author  by 
Mrs.  N.  C.  Brown,  a  granddaughter  of  Col.  Lewis 
Sanders,  residing  at  Ghent,  Ky.  It  is  to  the  cour- 
tesy of  Mrs.  Brown  that  we  are  also  indebted  for 
an  old  daguerreotype  of  Col.  Sanders,  from  which 
the  portrait  appearing  in  this  volume  has  been 
prepared.  This  picture  was  taken  when  the  veteran 
advocate  of  better  farming  was  in  his  eightieth 
year.  Much  interesting  and  hitherto  undiscovered 
material  relating  to  Col.  Sanders'  life  and  work 
deals  more  particularly  with  Shorthorns,  however, 
and  is  therefore  reserved  for  publication  in  a  revised 
edition  of  the  author's  history  of  Shorthorn  cattle, 
to  be  undertaken  in  the  near  future. 

Introduced  Into  Massachusetts. — The  next  Here- 
fordshire blood  brought  to  our  shores,  and  of  which 
we  have  positive  record,  came  in  the  shape  of  a  bull 
and  a  heifer  presented  by  Admiral  Coffin  of  the 
Eoyal  English  Navy  to  the  Massachusetts  Society 
for  the  Promotion  of  Agriculture,  probably  about 
1825.  The  heifer  never  bred,  but  the  bull,  known 
as  Sir  Isaac,  became  the  property  of  Isaac  C.  Bates 


270  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

of  Northampton  and  lived  to  the  great  age  of  nine- 
teen or  twenty  years.  The  document  accompanying 
these  cattle  set  forth  that  they  were  "bred  by  Sir  J. 
G.  Cottrel  whose  stock  was  from  Mr.  Yarworth,  and 
his  from  Benjamin  Tomkins."  All  accounts  agree 
that  he  made  a  deep  impress  upon  the  native  stock 
of  that  district.  Of  his  get  it  was  written : 

"Their  excellencies  were  for  beef  and  work,  and 
in  these  qualities  they  are  said  to  have  been  much 
superior  to  any  other  cattle  which  have  been  known 
here.  Their  strength  was  great  and  their  quickness 
and  speed  as  travelers  remarkable." 

Various  local  authorities,  such  as  Mr.  Cook,  of 
Northampton,  and  Mr.  Sargent,  of  Springfield,  have 
recorded  their  high  estimation  of  the  Sir  Isaac 
steers  as  producing  beef  of  better  quality  than  any 
before  seen.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  this  bull 
served  as  a  capital  advertisement  for  the  breed  not 
only  throughout  Massachusetts  but  in  adjoining 
states.  Mr.  S.  H.  Bates,  a  son  of  Isaac  Bates, 
availed  himself  of  the  opportunity  of  carrying  on 
the  line  in  later  years  by  the  selection  of  a  bull  from 
the  Corning  &  Sotham  herd,  presently  to  be  men- 
tioned. 

Mr.  Sanford  Howard,  who  was  interested  in  cat- 
tle breeding  in  Massachusetts  at  this  time  and  sub- 
sequently in  the  state  of  Maine,  speaking  of  this 
bull  and  his  get,  bears  this  testimony : 

"These  cattle  were  kept  for  one  or  two  years  in 
the  section  of  the  state  where  I  then  resided  on  the 
farm  of  John  Prince,  near  Eoxbury.  The  cow  never 
had  a  calf,  and  was  slaughtered.  She  was  certainly 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  271 

one  of  the  most  extraordinary  animals  for  shape 
and  size  ever  exhibited  at  the  Brighton,  Mass.,  cattle 
shows.  I  saw  many  of  the  bull's  progeny  in  the 
vicinity  where  he  was  first  kept,  and  owned  some  of 
them.  They  made  prodigiously  powerful  and  active 
draft  cattle;  there  was  a  majesty  in  their  gait  and 
an  elasticity  and  quickness  of  movement  which  I 
never  saw  equaled  and  which,  together  with  their 
beautiful  mahogany  color  and  strong  constitutions, 
made  them  decided  favorites  with  the  Yankee  team- 
sters. I  shall  here  remark  that  I  knew  many  and 
owned  several  of  the  progeny  of  the  imported  Short- 
horn bull  Admiral,  also  presented  to  the  Massachu- 
setts Society  by  Admiral  Coffin,  and  I  have  no  hesi- 
tation in  saying  that  for  the  ordinary  uses  to  which 
cattle  are  applied  in  the  northern  section  of  the 
country  I  consider  the  stock  of  the  Hereford  bull 
decidedly  preferable. ' ' 

Mr.  Howard's  statement  concerning  the  adapt- 
ability of  the  Hereford  to  New  England  conditions 
is  not  only  interesting,  but  his  views  were  undoubt- 
edly shared  by  many  of  his  contemporaries  as  the 
type  subsequently  gained  a  footing  in  the  state  of 
Maine  and  other  parts  of  New  England,  from  which 
it  has  never  since  been  dislodged.  He  says : 

' i  I  have  never  seen  Shorthorns  which  appeared  to 
possess  sufficient  hardiness  of  constitution  to  adapt 
themselves  to  so  rigorous  a  climate  and  the  hard 
labor  of  the  yoke  to  which  oxen  in  Maine  are  sub- 
jected. On  commencing  stockbreeding  operations 
in  the  north  I  purchased  from  Hon.  John  Wells, 
of  Boston,  a  bull  of  a  cross  between  the  Hereford 
and  Shorthorn  with  a  slight  dash  of  the  Bakewell. 
This  bull  was  the  easiest  animal  to  fatten  that  I 
ever  saw.  His  weight  at  six  years,  after  having 


272  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD  CATTLE 

been  wintered  on  the  coarsest  fodder  that  the  farm 
afforded,  was  2,000  pounds. ' ' 

It  is  not  easy  to  understand  this  reference  to  "a 
cross  between  the  Hereford  and  Shorthorn  with  a 
slight  dash  of  the  Bakewell,"  as  related  to  a  bull  bred 
in  New  England.  By  "a  dash  of  Bakewell "  pre- 
sumably the  Longhorn  blood  is  meant.  Such  a  cross 
could,  of  course,  have  come  from  Kentucky,  and 
possibly  the  Longhorn  blood  may  have  existed  some- 
where in  New  England,  but  we  have  no  record  of  its 
importation  there. 

It  is  reported  that  at  the  New  York  State  Fair 
of  1842,  Mr.  P.  N.  Eust  exhibited  a  fat  ox  with 
Hereford  markings,  eight  years  old  and  at  a  live 
weight  of  what  was  claimed  to  be  4,200  pounds.  It 
is  difficult  at  this  date  to  determine  just  how  much 
credence  should  be  placed  upon  an  apparent  exag- 
geration. Mr.  Howard,  above  quoted,  however, 
writing  of  this  extraordinary  bullock,  said: 

"He  is  truly  a  most  superb  animal.  He  has  both 
the  shape  and  color  and  the  characteristics  of  a 
Hereford.  His  shoulders  are  well  set,  his  chine  full, 
back  short,  loin  and  hips  very  wide,  rump  long,  legs 
clean  and  sinewy,  and  he  is  considerably  heavier 
than  any  other  animal  I  have  ever  seen  of  so  little 
bone  and  offal.  At  the  time  I  saw  him  Mr.  Eust 
thought  his  weight  would  not  be  less  than  3,700 
pounds.  I  saw  the  man  who  said  he  raised  this  ox, 
and  both  he  and  Mr.  Eust  agreed  that  his  sire  was 
part  Hereford. " 

So  far  as  one  may  now  surmise  it  may  be  pre- 
sumed that  this  bullock  was  related  in  some  way  to 
the  Massachusetts  stock  derived  from  old  Sir  Isaac. 


FIRST     AMERICAN     IMPORTATIONS  273 

Alleged   Importation   Into    Maine    in   1830. — In 

a  communication  entitled  "Herefords  in  New  Eng- 
land," contributed  to  the  "Breeder's  Journal, "* 
and  published  in  September,  1886,  the  late  Mr.  H.  C. 
Burleigh  said: 

"As  perhaps  very  few  of  your  readers  are  aware, 
I  will  say  the  second,  and  by  far  the  more  important, 
importation  of  Hereford  cattle  into  the  United 
States  was  made  by  Sanford  Howard  for  the 
Vaughan  Bros.,  of  Hallowell,  Me.,  in  1830,  the  first 
being  imported  by  Henry  Clay  into  Kentucky  in 
1817.  The  Vaughan  Herefords  were  a  splendid  lot 
of  cattle,  and  were  kept  on  the  farm  since  and  now 
owned  by  Hon.  J.  E.  Bodwell  and  occupied  by  Bur- 
leigh &  Bodwell  for  quarantine  and  sale  purposes. " 

The  Vaughan  Bros,  were  men  of  education  and 
distinction.  One,  Dr.  Benjamin  Vaughan,  was  born 
in  England  and  educated  at  Cambridge,  and  during 
the  American  Eevolution  was  a  member  of  Parlia- 
ment, but  his  friendship  for  the  colonies  brought 
him  to  this  country.  With  his  brother  Charles  he 
settled  in  Hallowell,  Me.,  on  a  property  derived 
from  their  maternal  grandfather,  Benjamin  Hal- 
lowell. The  property  had  a  frontage  of  one  mile 
along  the  Kennebec  Eiver  and  a  depth  of  five  miles. 
They  established  extensive  gardens  and  nurseries, 
carrying  on  model  farming  on  a  large  scale. 

Mr.  Burleigh  began  breeding  purebred  Herefords 
himself  in  1865  on  his  father's  old  farm  near  Water- 
ville,  Me.,  and  it  seems  difficult  to  understand  how 

*This  was  a  monthly  magazine  established  and  conducted  for  some 
years  at  Beecher,  III.,  by  Mr.  T.  L.  Miller  and  his  associates  in  the 
interest  of  the  Herefords. 


274  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE. 

he  could  have  made  a  mistake  in  this  matter.  There 
is  no  direct  proof  that  the  statement  is  incorrect, 
but  it  seems  almost  incredible  that  Mr.  Sanford 
Howard  himself,  writing  on  the  early  eastern  Here- 
fords  as  late  as  1841  to  "The  Albany  Cultivator " 
should  have  failed  to  mention  such  importation  had 
it  actually  been  made.  He  had  removed  to  Maine 
from  Massachusetts,  as  hereinbefore  mentioned,  and 
had  become  superintendent  for  the  Vaughan  Bros, 
in  1830. 

One  of  the  best  informed  breeders  of  the  present 
day  in  the  New  England  states,  Mr.  J.  H.  Under- 
wood, of  Kents  Hill,  Me.,  writing  to  the  author 
under  date  of  Oct.  18,  1913,  touching  this  importa- 
tion, says: 

"For  more  than  sixty  years  my  grandfather  lived 
within  sixteen  miles  of  Hallowell,  did  business  in 
that  city  continually,  and  from  1830  to  1860  was  in 
so  close  touch  with  cattle  interests  in  Kennebec 
county  that  he  must  have  known  the  Vaughan  Bros, 
and  been  familiar  with  their  cattle.  In  the  later 
'40  's  and  early  '50 's  Joseph  Hall  Underwood  was 
specially  interested  in  purebred  "Heref  ords  and  look- 
ing for  breeding  stock  with  which  to  found  a  herd. 
Had  he  been  able  to  buy  such  stock  of  the  Vaughan 
Bros.,  it  seems  probable  that  he  would  have  done 
so.  Furthermore,  my  father  and  my  uncle,  George 
Underwood,  would  have  been  likely  to  have  known 
about  such  cattle,  had  they  existed;  and  they  used 
to  talk  considerably  to  me  about  the  early  Here- 
fords  in  Maine,  but  never  mentioned  the  Vaughans 
in  this  connection. 

"Presumably  Mr.  Burleigh  supposed  he  was  stat- 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  275 

ing  facts  when  he  made  reference  to  the  Vaughan 
Bros,  as  importers  of  Hereford  cattle,  but  to  my 
mind  such  a  reference  merely  illustrates  how  easily 
fairy  tales  creep  into  print. 

"Howard  says  that  when  he  left  the  Vaughan 
farm  in  1837  he  sold  some  of  these  cattle  to  J.  Win- 
gate  Haines,  of  Hallowell.  Sanford  Hewett,  one 
of  my  neighbors,  is  a  nephew  of  J.  Wingate  Haines 
and  was  born  in  1835.  I  recently  asked  Mr.  Hewett 
if  the  Vaughan  Bros,  ever  owned  or  imported  Here- 
ford cattle.  He  said  he  had  never  heard  anything  to 
that  effect,  but  added  that  Sanford  Howard  brought 
to  Maine  the  first  Hereford  bull  in  the  state,  and 
that  his  uncle,  J.  Wingate  Haines,  brought  in  the 
second  one.  Mr.  Hewett  was  nine  years  old  at  the 
time  Haines  bought  Albany  of  Corning  &  Sotham. 

"My  theory  is,  that  the  cattle  referred  to  by  San- 
ford Howard  had  enough  Hereford  blood  to  give 
them  the  appearance  of  Herefords,  that  Haines 
wanted  to  intensify  this  blood,  hence  bought  the 
purebred  Hereford  bull  Albany  of  Corning  &  Sotham 
in  1844.  If  my  reasoning  is  correct,  the  ' Hereford' 
bull  brought  here  by  Howard  in  1830  is  the  bull  which 
he  described  in  his  'Albany  Cultivator '  article  as  'a 
cross  between  the  Hereford  and  the  improved  Short- 
horn, with  a  slight  dash  of  the  Bakewell.'  In  this 
case,  J.  Wingate  Haines  has  the  distinction  of  in- 
troducing the  first  purebred  Hereford  into  Maine. " 

In  the  light  of  Mr.  Howard's  reference  to  his 
purchase  "on  commencing  stockbreeding  operations 
in  the  north,"  it  would  seem  to  be  a  fair  inference 
in  connection  with  his  failure  to  mention  any  trip 
to  England  to  purchase  Herefords,  that  the  cattle 
bought  by  him  for  the  Vaughans  were  grades  of  the 
Sir  Isaac  blood  and  brought  to  Maine  from  Massa- 


276  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

chusetts,  instead  of  from  England.  The  habit  of 
speaking  of  live  stock  brought  into  a  state  from  a 
distance  as  "  imported "  has  always  characterized 
many  sections  of  the  Union,  and  in  this  may  lie  a 
possible  solution  of  the  mystery  attaching  to  this 
alleged  Maine  importation  of  1830.  It  is  unfortu- 
nate that  the  matter  does  not  seem  to  have  been 
cleared  up  before  the  decease  of  those  who  could 
have  given  direct  testimony.  As  it  is,  we  can  only 
record  Mr.  Burleigh's  affirmation  on  the  one  hand, 
and  on  the  other  present  the  negative  evidence.* 

J.  Wingate  Haines  was  an  Aroostook  Co.,  Me., 
pioneer,  removing  from  Hallowell  to  that  portion 
of  the  state  some  time  in  the  '50 's,  and  taking  his 
cattle  with  him.  He  settled  at  Fort  Fairfield,  and 
there  are  today  white-faced  cattle  in  that  vicinity 
descended  directly  from  his  stock. 

The  New  York  Importation  of  1840. — Ebenezer 
Wilson,  a  beef  packer  of  New  York,  had  in  his 
employ  as  a  cattle  buyer  in  1839  a  young  English- 
man named  William  Henry  Sotham,  a  native  of 

*Referring  to  this  incident  Mr.  Geo.  W.  Haines,  a  son  of  J. 
Wingate  Haines,  says: 

"I  am  quite  sure  that  we  never  had  a  bull  from  Sanford 
Howard,  for  the  first  'white  faces'  of  which  I  have  recollection 
came  from  the  bull  Albany  that  father  bought  at  New  York 
about  the  year  1841,  as  near  as  I  can  recollect.  This  bull  was 
kept  at  Fayette  Mills  at  Mr.  Underwood's  for  at  least  one  sea- 
son. I  have  the  impression  that  he  was  at  Wayne  one  season  at 
Isaac  Bowies'.  He  went  to  Anson,  and  I  think  was  sold  to  a 
party  there.  We  moved  to  Aroostook  in  1844  taking  quite  a  lot 
of  cattle  and  sheep  with  us,  but  I  do  not  think  we  took  a  pure- 
bred Hereford  bull.  Father  afterward  got  a  bull  calf  from  Ken- 
nebec.  Father  was  born  in  Hallowell  about  1807,  and  died  at 
Fort  Fairfield  in  1879.  I  used  to  be  at  the  Vaughan  farm  quite 
often,  but  don't  recollect  ever  seeing  any  Hereford  cattle  there." 

It  will  be  observed  that  Mr.  Haines'  recollection  as  to  date 
when  Albany  wag  taken  to  Maine  varies  from  Mr.  Hewett's.  We 
should  think  1841  rather  early  as  the  first  Sotham  importation 
was  not  made  until  1840. 


WM.  H.  SOTHAM. 


278  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Oxfordshire,  who  had  originally  come  to  the  States 
in  1832,  serving  for  two  years  following  that  date 
as  manager  of  a  farm  in  Medina  Co.,  0.,  owned  by 
Mr.  Henry  Coit  of  Cleveland.  In  his  capacity  as  a 
buyer  for  Mr.  Wilson,  Sbtham  gained  a  close  knowl- 
edge of  the  cattle  stocks  of  that  day  in  New  York, 
Pennsylvania  and  Ohio,  and  as  there  was  a  dearth 
of  good  bullocks  available  his  mind  naturally  re- 
verted to  the  various  English  types  with  which  he 
had  personal  familiarity. 

The  Shorthorn  blood  had  been  already  introduced 
throughout  those  states  by  the  descendants  of  vari- 
ous importations.  Mr.  Cox,  an  Englishman,  had 
brought  the  blood  into  Eensselaer  Co.,  N.  Y., 
near  Albany,  shortly  after  the  close  of  the  War  of 
1812.  Two  bulls  are  said  to  have  been  imported 
into  the  Genesee  Valley  in  1817.  Around  1820  seve- 
ral importations  were  made  into  Massachusetts.  In 
1823  Gen.  Stephen  Van  Eensselaer,  of  Albany, 
brought  out  valuable  specimens.  Numerous  other 
lots  of  Shorthorns  came  out  between  1820  and  1830, 
including  the  famous  importation  of  Col.  John  Hare 
Powel,  of  Philadelphia.  In  the  '30  >s,  Walter  Dun, 
of  Kentucky,  and  the  Ohio  Importing  Co.,  landed 
valuable  shipments.  In  those  days,  however,  the 
milking  trait  was  held  in  high  esteem  by  breeders 
and  importers  of  Shorthorns,  and  for  some  time 
prior  to  the  beginning  of  Mr.  Sotham's  activities 
the  famous  herd  of  Thos.  Bates,  of  Kirklevington, 
Yorkshire,  England,  had  become  the  dominant  in- 
fluence in  Shorthorn  breeding,  an  influence  that  did 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  279 

not  make  specifically  for  improvement  in  respect  to 
the  special  business  of  beef-making.  Most  of  the 
Shorthorns  of  that  period  in  the  United  States  were 
excellent  general  purpose  cattle,  combining  scale 
with  level  lines,  fine  style  and  good  dairy  quality, 
but  the  thick-fleshed  type  that  had  been  developed 
so  successfully  by  the  Messrs.  Booth  at  Warlaby, 
Killerby  and  Studley  had  not  then  been  introduced. 

Erastus  Corning  Interested. — As  a  buyer  of 
steers  for  market,  Mr.  Sotham  claimed,  and  doubt- 
less with  reason,  that  the  Shorthorns  as  bred  in  the 
east  at  that  time  were  deficient  in  flesh  and  feeding 
qualities  as  compared  with  Herefords.  He  had  little 
or  no  capital  at  his  disposal,  but  determined  never- 
theless to  find  some  way  to  finance  an  importation, 
and  succeeded  after  vicissitudes  narrated  by  him- 
self. Hon.  Erastus  Corning  became  chief  owner  of 
a  lot  of  twenty-two  head  selected  by  Mr.  Sotham  in 
England  and  landed  at  New  York  in  1840. 

Sotham 's  own  story  of  this  importation  is  as  fol- 
lows: 

"In  the  fall  of  1839  I  had  just  finished  buying 
nearly  4,000  head  of  cattle  in  droves  for  Mr.  Ebe- 
nezer  Wilson  as  they  were  making  their  way  from 
the  west  to  Albany.  I  paid  a  portion  down  on  each 
drove  to  be  then  delivered  at  the  price  stated  per 
hundred  at  his  slaughter  house  for  barreling  pur- 
poses. After  contracting  for  many  droves  I  re- 
turned to  Albany,  and  as  the  droves  came  in  we 
selected  some  of  the  best  and  I  took  them  to  Bull's 
Head,  N.  Y.,  for  market.  Mr.  Wilson  barreled  a 
little  over  6,000  head  that  season.  The  whole  of  his 


280  A   HISTORY   OP   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

capital  was  invested  in  his  beef,  and  the  prospects 
being  favorable  for  high  prices  he  naturally  held 
on  to  it. 

"I  had  frequently  spoken  of  the  Herefords  in 
high  praise  to  Mr.  Wilson,  and  he,  being  highly 
pleased  with  my  description,  proposed  that  if  I 
would  go  to  England  and  get  credit  for  a  good  lot 
when  I  arrived  in  New  York  he  would  meet  me 
there  with  money  enough  to  pay  the  whole  invest- 
ment, for  which  he  said  he  would  have  ample  means 
from  his  returns  in  the  spring.  I  told  him  that  I 
would  do  this  if  I  could  do  it  with  safety.  He 
assured  me. that  I  could,  and  with  this  promise  I 
started.  I  purchased  twenty-two  head,  paid  what 
little  money  I  had  of  my  own  and  promised  to  pay 
all  on  my  return  to  New  York.  When  I  arrived  I 
found  barreled  beef  had  gone  down  and  was  much 
depressed,  that  much  of  his  had  soured  and  was 
unsalable,  and  he  had  involved  himself  so  much 
that  he  was  compelled  to  fail;  but  he  went  to  the 
Hon.  Erastus  Corning,  told  him  in  what  way  he 
was  situated  with  me,  that  he  knew  my  judgment 
was  good  and  that  the  cattle  would  therefore  be 
superior. 

"On  this  information  Mr.  Corning  sent  Mr.  Watts 
Sherman,  then  cashier  of  the  Albany  City  Bank,  of 
which  Mr.  C.  was  president,  to  examine  the  cattle 
on  board.  This  gentleman  was  highly  pleased  with 
them  and  drew  a  draft  on  Mr.  Corning  for  the  whole 
amount.  I  took  them  to  his  farm,  and  they  being 
about  the  first  Herefords  ever  imported,  they  raised 
considerable  excitement,  but  their  true  merit  was 
but  little  known. " 

These  cattle  were  of  the  old  John  Hewer  blood, 
and  included  the  cow  Matchless  that  had  been  a 


FIRST     AMERICAN     IMPORTATIONS  281 

prize-winner  at  the  Oxford  Royal  of  1839.  They 
were  placed  upon  Mr.  Coming's  farm  near  Albany. 
Speaking  of  the  shipment,  ' '  The  Albany  Cultivator ' ' 
of  that  period  said : 

' '  One  of  the  most  important  importations  of  cattle 
and  sheep  that  has  ever  taken  place  in  this  country 
has  been  made  by  the  Hon.  Erastus  Corning,  of  this 
city,  and  William  H.  Sotham,  of  Jefferson  county. 
It  consists  of  twelve  cows,  calves  and  heifers  and 
twenty-five  sheep.  The  cattle  are  of  the  Hereford 
breed  from  Herefordshire,  and  the  very  best  animals 
that  could  be  selected.  No  one  can  help  being  struck 
by  the  extraordinary  size  of  the  cows,  their  fine 
forms  and  their  substantial  development,  denoting 
strength  and  power,  and  showing  the  basis  of  the 
reputation  which  the  Herefords  formerly  had  for 
working  cattle  and  now  for  feeding.  The  expense 
of  the  importation  was  nearly  $8,000. " 

The  following  year  Mr.  Corning  sent  Sotham  after 
another  lot,  but  these  were  unfortunately  lost  at 
sea.  About  this  date  the  New  York  State  Agricul- 
tural Society  was  organized,  several  breeders  of 
Shorthorns  being  prominent  in  its  management. 
The  Corning  cattle  were  exhibited,  a  special  award 
was  made  to  the  cow  Matchless,  and  a  committee 
recommended  that  a  regular  class  be  made  for  them. 
This,  it  seems,  however,  was  not  done  for  some  time, 
whereupon  Mr.  Sotham  criticised  sharply  the  Short- 
horn breeders,  the  fair  managers  and  various  agri- 
cultural writers  of  the  day  as  being  prejudiced 
against  the  Herefords. 

In  a  review  of  the  New  York  State  Fair  of  1844, 
published  in  "The  Albany  Cultivator  and  Country 


282  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Gentleman, ' '  reference  to  the  Hereford  exhibit  is 
made  as  follows : 

"  The  only  specimens  in  this  class  were  eleven  head 
from  the  capital  herd  of  Messrs.  Corning  &  Sotham, 
Albany.  These  were  splendid  animals.  The  two- 
year-old  bulls  and  bull  calf,  which  were  all  of  the 
masculine  gender  exhibited,  were  good.  They  had 
fine  limbs,  very  spacious  chests,  round  bodies,  etc. 
Several  of  the  cows  were  very  extraordinary.  Per- 
fection is  one  of  the  most  massive  cows  of  her  age 
to  be  found  anywhere,  and  Ashton  Beauty  and  Vic- 
toria, for  beauty  and  finish,  can  scarcely  be  sur- 
passed, if  equaled.  It  is  but  justice  to  say  that  no 
animals  on  the  ground  excited  more  praise  than 
these. " 

The  Herd  Sold  to  Sotham.— Mr.  Corning  was 
a  man  of  large  wealth,  deeply  engrossed  in  commer- 
cial and  political  affairs,  and  while  he  had  given 
ample  proof  of  his  interest  in  the  Herefords,  he 
was  also  a  lover  and  owner  of  Shorthorns;  and  as 
a  result  of  irresistible  pressure  from  Shorthorn 
sources,  Mr.  Sotham  asserts,  after  a  few  years  he 
proposed  to  sell  to  the  latter  all  of  his  "white  faces" 
with  the  exception  of  three  heifers,  the  cow  Victoria 
and  a  bull.  S.otham  bought  and  removed  them  to 
a  farm  at  Black  Eock,  near  Buffalo,  where  he  soon 
became  engaged  in  a  controversy  over  the  respec- 
tive merits  of  the  breeds  with  Lewis  F.  Allen,  then 
a  breeder  of  Shorthorns  preparing  to  start  the 
American  herd  book  for  that  breed  and  a  man  as 
aggressive  and  as  much  in  earnest  as  his  new  Eng- 
lish neighbor. 


FIRST     AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  283 

The  Comings  maintained  a  small  herd  of  Here- 
fords  for  many  years,  making  several  additional  im- 
portations. The  cow  Victoria  above  mentioned  lived 
to  be  nineteen  years  of  age  and  produced  sixteen 
calves.  Mr.  Corning  also  imported  a  stock  bull  from 
the  Turner  herd.  Cattle  from  the  herd  were  fre- 
quently exhibited,  and  through  private  sales  from 
both  this  and  the  Sotham  stock  the  blood  was  widely 
scattered  throughout  various  states. 

An  Invasion  of  Kentucky. — Sotham  moved  his 
herd  from  Black  Eock  to  a  farm  in  the  famous  Gene- 
see  Valley  belonging  to  a  banker,  Hon.  Allen  Ay- 
rault,  who  afterwards  acquired  some  of  the  cattle. 
Although  making  frequent  changes  of  location,  Mr. 
Sotham  maintained  Herefords  at  different  places  in 
New  York  State  for  many  years,  and  upon  one  occa- 
sion made  an  exhibit  (in  the  early  '70 's)  at  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  in  response  to  a  challenge  by  Cassius  M. 
Clay.  The  Clays,  it  seems,  were  unable  on  account 
of  some  change  in  their  affairs  to  make  good  their 
challenge,  so  after  gaining  the  prizes  offered  for 
Herefords  and  selling  a  bull  to  a  Lexington  land- 
owner for  $100,  Sotham  returned  to  New  York.  His 
trade  was  largely  in  the  east  and  widely  distributed, 
one  of  his  most  noteworthy  sales  being  ten  head  for 
$1,000  to  Hon.  John  Merryman,  of  Cockeysville, 
Md.,  who,  as  appears  further  on,  became  one  of  the 
most  prominent  American  breeders  of  his  day. 

A  Militant  Pioneer. — Sotham  was  a  thorough- 
going believer  in  the  superiority  of  the  Hereford, 
but  he  was  financially  unable  to  wage  as  vigorous 


284  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

a  war  as  his  convictions  would  have  dictated.  His 
was  the  not  uncommon  fate  of  the  courageous  path- 
finder. He  was  as  indefatigable  in  defending  Here- 
ford interests  as  he  was  active  in  assailing  those 
who  failed  to  confess  what  he  held  to  be  the  true 
faith;  and  while  he  was  for  many  years  a  sort  of 
John  the  Baptist,  crying  vainly  in  a  forbidding  wil- 
derness, his  voice  was  heard  by  some  who  harkened 
and  subsequently  became  pillars  in  the  Hereford 
church.  He  died  in  Chicago  in  1884  at  the  age  of 
eighty-three  years,  leaving  a  son  who  subsequently 
became  a  prominent  figure  in  the  American  Here- 
ford trade. 

The  Maine  Importation  of  1846.— The  state  of 
Maine  has  harbored  Herefords  continuously  since 
their  earliest  introduction  in  the  east,  and  has  within 
its  borders  at  this  writing  the  oldest  American  herd 
of  which  we  have  record — that  of  the  Messrs.  Un- 
derwood. 

The  first  of  the  breed  to  be  brought  across  the 
Atlantic  directly  to  Maine,  so  far  as  we  can  defi- 
nitely ascertain,  were  two  calves  imported  in  1846 
by  Capt.  Phineas  Pendleton,  of  Searsport.*  At  that 
time  Capt.  Pendleton  was  master  of  a  vessel  en- 

*The  author  is  indebted  to  Mr.  J.  H.  Underwood  for  the  copy  of 
an  old  portrait  of  Capt.  Pendleton  from  which  we  have  had  made  the 
engraving  presented  in  this  volume.  Writing  of  his  father  Capt.  Frank 
Pendleton,  of  Searsport,  says  : 

"Capt.  Phineas  Pendleton  was  born  in  Searsport  Aug.  29,  1806,  and 
died  here  July  19,  1895.  I  cannot  tell  when  he  first  took  command 
of  vessels,  but  very  early  in  life,  as  he  married  when  he  was  twenty- 
two  years  old,  and  commanded  vessels  of  all  classes  until  he  was 
sixty  years  old.  He  was  a  very  public  spirited  man.  I  cannot  find 
out  anything  about  the  calves  he  brought  from  England.  He  has 
only  one  daughter  here  now,  and  she  is  not  old  enough  to  remember 
the  particulars  about  them.  He  always  had  a  small  farm  and  he 
enjoyed  it  even  when  he  got  to  be  old." 


I  Capt  PhineasPendleton\ 


286  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

gaged  in  the  foreign  trade,  and  it  is  said  that  while 
waiting  for  a  cargo  in  the  port  of  Cardiff,  Wales, 
he  made  journeys  into  the  country  and  became  im- 
pressed with  the  fine  appearance  of  the  white-faced 
cattle  seen  in  that  vicinity.  He  made  inquiries  of 
stock  raisers  there  about  the  sort  of  cattle  which 
combined  in  the  highest  degree  the  qualities  of  milk 
production,  beef  and  working  capacity,  and  was  told 
that  the  Herefords  were  superior  in  this  respect. 
Deciding  to  take  home  a  pair  for  breeding  purposes 
the  captain  engaged  the  services  of  a  Cardiff 
butcher,  who  was  well  acquainted  with  the  cattle 
raisers,  to  assist  him  in  making  a  selection  of  a  pure- 
bred bull  and  heifer  of  the  first  quality.  The  pur- 
chases were  made  from  two  different  herds.  The 
butcher  who  suggested  the  selections  named  the  bull 
calf  Kimroe  and  the  heifer  Kitty. 

There  is  an  entry  in  the  old  private  herd  record 
of  the  Messrs.  Underwood  that  "the  sire  of  Kimroe 
and  Kitty  was  a  mature  bull,  weighing  2,400 
pounds. "  Speaking  of  this  memorandum  Mr.  J.  H. 
Underwood  in  a  letter  to  the  author  says : 

"The  herd  of  James  Eea,  of  Monaughty,  Knigh- 
ton,  Wales,  was  noted  for  its  scale  as  well  as  for 
excellences  in  conformation.  In  the  early  '40  's  the 
famous  Monaughty,  sired  by  Old  Court,  was  used 
in  his  herd.  In  view  of  the  very  unusual  size  (2,400 
pounds)  of  the  sire  of  Kimroe  and  Kitty,  I  have 
wondered  whether  this  bull  might  not  have  been 
Monaughty,  or,  at  least,  a  bull  of  Mr.  Kea's  breed- 
ing." 

This,  of  course,  is  purely  speculative,  as  no  pedi- 


FIRST     AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  287 

grees  were  obtained  by  Capt.  Pendleton ;  moreover, 
in  those  days  2,400  pounds  was  by  no  means  a  heavy 
weight  for  a  Hereford  bull  in  England. 

This  bull  Kimroe  proved  useful  until  sixteen  years 
of  age,  his  progeny  so  nearly  meeting  the  require- 
ments of  the  Maine  farmers  of  that  period  that  a 
preference  for  the  " white  faces"  as  against  the 
Shorthorns  soon  made  itself  manifest.  This  fact  is 
substantiated  by  Mr.  Burleigh  in  the  course  of  the 
article,  from  which  we  have  quoted  above,  as  fol- 
lows: 

"It  was  not  until  1854  that  any  stockman  had  the 
courage  to  take  a  Hereford  bull  upon  the  sacred 
Shorthorn  soil  of  my  native  town  (Fairfield),  as 
Shorthorns  had  held  full  and  undoubted  sway  there. 
But  Henry  Lawrence,  who  was  a  great  judge  of 
cattle,  conceived  the  idea  of  buying  the  old  Pendle- 
ton (Hereford)  bull  Kimroe,  then  fifteen  years  old. 
Quite  a  number  of  the  best  stockmen  patronized  him 
largely  because  they  had  great  faith  in  Mr.  Law- 
rence's judgment,  not  from  the  appearance  of  the 
bull,  for  the  poor  fellow  had  had  rough  usage  since 
he  left  his  home  near  Cardiff,  South  Wales.  This 
poor  old  bull  was  used  one  season  and  died,  but 
his  progeny  were  not  prepossessing  in  appearance 
at  a  tender  age,  say  up  to  two  years  old,  yet  their 
feeding  qualities  and  net  weight  were  the  means  of 
converting  many  a  '  Shorthorner, '  of  which  number 
the  writer  of  this  article  was  one." 

Convincing  testimony  as  to  the  excellence  of  the 
stock  left  by  this  old-time  bull  has  been  handed  down 
by  Mr.  Burleigh.  He  says: 

"In  1856,  although  a  strong  and  ardent  admirer 
of  Shorthorns,  which  breed  of  cattle  I  had  bred, 


288  A  HISTORY  OP  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

handled  and  fattened  from  boyhood,  I  happened  by 
mere  chance  to  obtain  some  of  Kimroe 's  stock,  i.  e., 
steers  of  his  get,  others  by  sons  of  him.  They  fed 
so  rapidly,  weighed  so  heavily  and  were  of  such 
wonderful  quality  I  could  hardly  believe  that  my 
vision  was  quite  right.  After  being  thoroughly  con- 
vinced of  the  fact  that  my  sight  was  all  right,  then 
I  thought  I  would  almost  decide  to  go  largely  into 
Herefords,  when,  ever  and  anon,  my  long  cherished 
idea  of  the  perfect  animal,  the  Shorthorn,  would 
cause  me  for  a  time  to  delay  my  purpose,  but  not 
long.  I  started  to  breed  Herefords  in  earnest — 
after  feeding  Hereford  steers  about  eight  years — 
in  1866." 

Soon  after  importation  Kimroe  and  Kitty  passed 
into  the  hands  of  John  Heagan,  of  North  Prospect, 
Me.  Kitty  produced  four  calves  by  Kimroe.  Her 
second  calf,  Victoria,  born  in  1849,  and  her  third 
calf,  Waldo,  born  in  1850,  were  owned  by  Samuel  S. 
Heagan  and  in  March,  1853,  were  sold  to  Joseph 
Hall  Underwood  and  became  the  foundation  of  a 
herd  still  in  existence.*  Victoria  is  described  as  "a 


*The  author  is  indebted  to  Mr.  J.  H.  Underwood  for  photographs 
of  his  g-randfather  and  the  two  sons  George  and  Gilbert,  and  for 
certain  data  of  a  biographical  nature.  The  portraits  are  presented 
along  with  one,  supplied  at  our  request,  of  the  surviving  member  of 
this  old-time  New  England  Hereford-loving  family,  and  we  are  sure 
that  the  few  notes  of  a  personal  nature  herewith  appended  will  be 
found  of  interest: 

Joseph  H.  Underwood  was  born  in  Amherst,  N.  H.,  June  13,  1783, 
and  died  at  Fayette,  Me.,  Nov.  8,  1867.  He  came  to  Maine  about  1800, 
taught  school  and  finally  located  in  Fayette,  where  he  began  a  mer- 
cantile business  which  was  followed  more  than  fifty-five  years.  He 
was  also  financially  interested  in  tanning,  wool-carding  and  cloth- 
dressing,  was  an  extensive  owner  of  real  estate  and  carried  on  a 
large  farm,  raised  cattle  and  fatted  oxen.  In  March,  1853,  he  bought 
and  brought  to  his  farm  in  Fayette  a  purebred  Hereford  bull  and 
cow,  and  continued  breeding  Hereford  cattle  till  1866,  when  his  sons, 
George  and  Gilbert,  formed  a  partnership  and  took  over  their  father's 
herd. 

A  serenading  party  once  had  an  experience  with  Mr.  Underwood's 
humor.  His  son,  Albert  G.  Underwood,  had  been  recently  married, 
and  on  a  certain  evening  it  was  supposed  by  the  serenaders  that 
Albert  and  his  bride  were  at  the  old  homestead.  The  newly  married 


I  (Joseph  ff.Underwood\ 


Geo.  Underwood}  \  <J.H.  Underwood  \ 


290  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

cow  of  medium  size,  of  fair  milk  capacity,  an  easy 
milker,  and  tractable  in  disposition."  Victoria's 
breeding  to  Waldo,  a  full  brother,  was  not  satisfac- 
tory, although  two  cows,  Eose  and  Lily,  produced 
by  this  incestuous  coupling,  proved  to  be  excellent 
breeders  when  subsequently  mated  with  Cronkhill 
2d,  a  bull  that  Mr.  Underwood  bought  from  Messrs. 
Clark,  of  West  Granby,  Mass.,  in  1859.  In  1860, 
Victoria  was  bred  to  Cronkhill  2d  and  by  him,  on 
May  29,  1861,  gave  birth  to  a  heifer  calf  named  Hor- 
tense.  A  bull  called  Albany,  bought  of  Erastus 
Corning,  of  Albany,  N.  Y.,  was  used  in  the  herd  in 
1864.  Hortense  was  bred  to  Albany  and  produced 
Leonora,  calved  March  1,  1865.  Leonora  was  sold 
to  Moses  B.  Bailey,  Strong,  Me.,  and  by  him  was 
bred  to  Chieftain,  producing  President  2058.  Presi- 

people,  however,  had  just  gone  away,  and  the  only  married  people  in 
the  house  were  Albert's  father  and  mother.  At  the  close  of  the  sere- 
nade, Mr.  Underwood  stepped  to  the  door  and  thanked  the  boys  for 
the  music,  saying,  "I  think  Uncle  Rufus  Walton  would  also  very 
much  appreciate  a  serenade,  as  he  has  been  married  since  I  was." 

Like  Miles  Standish,  Mr.  Underwood  believed  that  if  a  man  wanted 
a  thing  done  well,  he  should  do  it  himself.  In  1838,  when  the  home- 
stead at  Fayette  was  built,  Mr.  Underwood  was  present  to  give  per- 
sonal attention  to  the  work,  and  every  brick  in  the  walls  of  the  house 
passed  through  his  hands  for  inspection.  The  condition  of  the  house 
at  the  present  time  proves  the  wisdom  of  his  careful  oversight.  '  No 
paint  or  preservative  of  any  sort  has  been  used  on  the  walls,  yet  not 
a  single  brick  shows  indication  of  deterioration,  both  mortar  and 
brick  remaining  firm  and  smooth  after  Weathering  the  storms  and 
frosts  of  seventy-five  years. 

An  incident  showing  his  practical  sense  was  the  remark  made  to 
his  son  George  at  the  time  the  latter  was  about  to  go  to  Guelph,  On- 
tario, to  buy  a  herd  bull  (Wellington  Hero).  Mr.  Underwood  said, 
"Don't  expect  to  find  one  without  faults,  but  buy  the  one  that  has  the 
fewest" 

George  Underwood  was  born  Sept.  20,  1834,  and  died  at  Fayette, 
Dec.  8.  1906.  In  early  life  he  taught  school.  In  1857  he  was  in  Chi- 
cago, but  remained  in  that  city  only  a  brief  period.  In  the  early  '60's 
he  was  again  in  Fayette,  carrying  on  his  father's  farm  and  giving 
personal  attention  to  the  management  of  his  father's  herd  of  Hereford 
cattle.  In  1865  he  visited  the  Hereford  herd  of  Frederick  William 
Stone,  Guelph,  Ontario,  and  bought  the  Hereford  bull  Wellington  Hero. 
At  this  time  Joseph  H.  Underwood  on  account  of  advanced  age  trans- 
ferred the  herd  to  his  sons  George  and  Gilbert,  and  the  calves  of  1866 
are  listed  in  the  private  herd  book  as  bred  by  G.  &  G.  Underwood. 


1— WHERE   THE   HEREFORDS   FOUND   WATER    IN   SUMMERTIME.      2— THE 

OLD  MILL  AND  WINTER  WATERING  PLACE.     3— THE  HOME 

OF  JOSEPH  HALL  UNDERWOOD. 


292  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD  CATTLE 

dent  sired  Eose  Bud  6606,  the  maternal  grandam 
of  the  $9,000  bull  Perfection  92891.  The  dam  of  Eose 
Bud  6606  was  Carrabassett  Eose  2120,  by  Kenne- 
bec  Hero  2100,  whose  dam  was  Bessie;  and  Bessie's 
dam  was  Hortense  out  of  old  Victoria.  Thus  we 
see  that  Perfection,  sire  of  the  now-famous  Perfec- 
tion Fairfax,  traces  back  in  one  of  his  lines  to  the 
Maine  sea  captain's  importation  of  1846. 

The  Bailey  bull  Chieftain,  above  mentioned,  came 
from  the  herd  of  Frederick  William  Stone,  More- 
ton  Lodge,  Guelph,  Ontario,  presently  to  be  noted. 
In  1869,  probably  at  the  time  when  George  Under- 
wood purchased  Ontario  Chief  and  Gentle  10th,  Mr. 
Stone  sold  to  Mr.  Bailey  a  young  bull  that  died  soon 
after  delivery  to  him,  and  Mr.  Stone  on  learning  of 
the  fact  at  once  replaced  the  dead  bull  with  the  bull 

Again  in  1869  George  Underwood  went  to  Guelph  and  bought  of  Mr. 
Stone  the  young  bull  Ontario  Chief  and  the  heifer  Gentle  10th.  The 
introduction  of  these  animals  materially  strengthened  the  herd,  and 
the  years  immediately  following  were  prosperous.  About  1876  illness 
interfered  with  his  active  management  of  the  herd  and  Gilbert  Under- 
wood assumed  the  duties  of  carrying  on  the  farm.  The  partnership 
was  soon  dissolved  and  George  Underwood,  hoping  by  a  change  of 
climate  to  improve  his  health,  removed  to. Virginia,  taking  there  his 
portion  of  the  herd  in  1879.  Failing  to  receive  permanent  benefit  from 
the  Virginia  climate,  he  shortly  returned  to  Maine,  his  cattle  having 
been  sold  to  a  western  buyer.  During  his  latter  years,  although  re- 
taining all  his  real  estate  in  Fayette,  George  Underwood  was  not  en- 
gaged in  farming. 

He  was  well  known  as  a  correspondent  of  agricultural  papers,  and 
a  recognized  authority  on  cattle  breeding.  In  the  selection  of  breed- 
ing cattle  he  placed  special  stress  on  the  form  of  the  head  and  the 
expression  of  the  countenance.  He  was  wont  also  to  pay  more  atten- 
tion to  the  limbs  than  some  breeders,  insisting  on  short  legs,  muscular 
above  the  middle  joint  and  strong-boned  (not  large-boned)  below. 
The  animal's  style  and  symmetry  meant  much  to  him,  and  coarseness, 
which  often  accompanies  large  size,  was  absolutely  tabooed.  As  a 
stockman,  George  Underwood's  continual  aspiration  and  endeavor 
seems  to  have  been  to  combine  constitution,  feed-capacity  and  beefi- 
ness  with  those  animal  attributes  which  appeal  to  the  artistic  tem- 
perament. 

Gilbert  Underwood,  youngest  son  of  Joseph  H.  Underwood,  was 
born  at  Fayette,  Me.,  Dec.  11,  1835,  and  practically  his  entire  life 
was  passed  in  the  locality  of  his  birth.  He  grew  up  in  a  cattle-raising 
atmosphere  training  white-faced  steers  to  the  yoke,  and  in  winter 
with  his  steer  teams  he  hauled  to  the  homestead  the  annual  fuel  sup- 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  293 

calf  Chieftain,  although  under  no  legal  obligation  to 
do  so.  Mr.  Stone's  letters  to  George  Underwood  on 
this  occasion  show  him  to  have  been  a  man  of  ster- 
ling moral  worth. 

At  the  New  England  Fair  of  1870,  held  at  Man- 
chester, N.  H.,  the  Underwoods  gained  first  prize 
for  "best  Hereford  bull  five  years  old  or  over,"  and 
at  the  same  show  first  and  second  prizes  for  fat 
cattle  in  the  Hereford  class  were  won  respectively 
by  Jonathan  Slade,  of  Somerset,  and  Frank  Jones, 
Portsmouth,  N.  H.  In  the  class  for  "working  oxen, 
four  years  old, ' '  Arthur  Clough,  Canterbury,  N.  H., 
was  first,  and  Harvey  Dodge,  Sutton,  Mass.,  second. 
These  instances  are  cited  by  way  of  illustrating 

ply,  forty  cords  of  hardwood.  The  Underwood  homestead  contained 
thirteen  fireplaces. 

Gilbert  Underwood  possessed  a  temperament  adapted  to  the  suc- 
cessful handling  of  animals,  and  he  became  an  expert  ox  teamster. 
The  Hereford  herd  bulls  were  usually  trained  to  the  yoke  and  per- 
formed a  vast  amount  of  farm  work  in  place  of  oxen.  The  most 
notable  of  these  bull  teams  were  Ontario  Chief  and  his  mate,  Pride 
of  Kennebec.  Both  these  bulls  worked  single  as  well  as  double,  and 
many  a  time  Mr.  Underwood  has  taken  in  the  single  yoke  one  of 
these  bulls  to  a  steep  hill  near  his  home  where  a  four-horse  team  was 
"stuck,"  and  the  old  bull  would  haul  the  discouraged  horses  into  the 
breeching. 

On  the  dissolution  of  the  partnership  of  G.  &  G.  Underwood,  Gilbert 
Underwood  in  1877  constructed  farm  buildings  convenient  to  his  por- 
tion of  the  farm  lands  and  there  established  his  herd.  His  part  of 
the  breeding  herd  comprised  four  cows — two  sired  by  Wellington  "Hero 
and  two  by  Ontario  Chief.  One  of  the  Ontario  Chief  cows,  Alberta 
2d,  is  worthy  of  special  notice.  She  was  a  strictly  hay  and  grass 
product,  probably  never  in  her  entire  life  having  eaten  500  pounds  of 
grain,  yet  she  was  always  in  first-class  beef  condition  and  when  her 
breeding  usefulness  was  passed  yielded  a  carcass  of  prime  beef,  dress- 
ing 975  pounds.  At  the  head  of  this  herd  in  1880  Gilbert  Underwood 
placed  Paragon  3d,  a  bull  bred  by  Frederick  William  Stone.  Four 
years  later  Paragon  3d  was  followed  by  Eastern  Prince,  a  grandson  of 
Assurance  by  Longhorns,  and  in  1888  Eastern  Prince  was  replaced  by 
Careful  2d,  a  meritorious  bull  of  Burleigh  &  Bodwell  breeding.  The 
next  bull  leaving  a  marked  impress  on  the  herd  was  Roanoke,  a  grand- 
son of  Sir  Evelyn,  by  Lord  Wilton,  which  remained  in  the  herd  until 
1905.  During  the  last  forty  years  the  herd  bulls,  with  one  or  two  ex- 
ceptions, have  represented  in  conformation  the  same  general  type — 
smooth,  compact  and  low-set.  The  Underwood  type  was  fine-boned, 
filled  and  finished. 

Gilbert  Underwood  died  at  his  home  in  Fayette  on  Nov.   22,   1907. 
He  was  a  man  of  unusual  personal  magnetism.     Children  felt  at 
in  his  presence,  and  animals  were  instinctively  drawn  to  him, 


294  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

classifications  in  vogue  at  that  time.  New  England 
farmers  still  take  great  pride  in  exhibiting  choice 
oxen  broken  for  the  yoke.* 

Other  Old-Time  Eastern  Breeders. — It  would  be 
interesting  to  trace  in  detail  the  breeding  operations 
of  many  of  these  sturdy  old  pioneer  New  England 
breeders  but  space  forbids.  In  addition  to  the  Un- 
derwoods and  Burleighs  the  names  of  such  good 
farmers  and  cattlemen  as  the  following  are  met 
with:  Messrs.  G.  E.  Shores,  Waterville;  W.  P. 
Blake,  Walnut  Hill;  N.  H.  Churchill,  Parsonsfield; 
Messrs.  Wentworth,  Skowhegan;  Col.  Perley,  Bridg- 
ton;  L.  W.  Flint,  Waterford;  E.  E.  Holmes,  Welch- 
ville;  Ellridge  Dill,  Phillips;  Messrs.  Bailey,  Win- 
throp  Centre;  A.  J.  Libby,  Oakland;  M.  French, 
Solon;  C.  W.  Hammond,  Aroostook;  C.  A.  McKin- 
ney,  Monroe,  and  J.  S.  Hawes,  So.  Vassalboro,  all 
of  the  state  of  Maine.  Hawes  later  removed  to 
Kansas  where  he  maintained  for  some  years  a  large 
herd  famous  at  one  time  as  the  home  of  the  noted 
show  bull  Fortune.  Mr.  H.  C.  Burleigh,  of  Fair- 
field,  was  the  first  of  the  family  of  that  name  that 
engaged  extensively  in  the  breeding,  importing  and 
exhibition  of  Herefords,  and  his  operations  will 

*In  a  letter  written  in  1865  by  Mr.  R.  M.  Littlefield,  Afton,  N.  T., 
to  Mr.  George  Underwood  of  Maine  we  find  the  following  interesting 
references : 

"I  have  two  bulls  that  will  be  two  this  coming  spring.  I  will  sell 
either  of  them.  Duke  of  Afton  is  good  sized,  dark  red,  white  face, 
line  back  from  a  good  stock  of  milkers,  girths  five  feet  and  six 
inches,  has  been  fed  on  grain  this  winter.  Price  for  him  $250. 
Sprightly  is  lighter  red,  good  size,  girth  five  feet  and  eight  inches, 
white  face.  There  are  two  strips  of  white  on  the  back,  but  they 

"I  obtained  my  Herefords  from  William  H.  Sotham  when  he  was 
breeding  them  at  Owego.  Mr.  Sotham  informs  me  that  the  light  red 
Herefords  take  more  prizes  in  England  than  the  darker  ones.  Color 
is  a  matter  of  taste  with  breeders." 


\Joseph R.Bo<k>e/r\ 


296  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

come  in  for  further  notice  later  on.  He  exhibited 
at  the  New  England  shows  at  the  time  Shorthorns 
were  being  presented  by  such  men  as  Sumner,  Pratt, 
Griswold  and  their  contemporaries. 

Mr.  Burleigh  tells  the  story  of  the  struggle  the 
Herefords  had  in  winning  their  way  into  popular 
favor  in  New  England  in  the  following  language : 

"  These  cattle,  like  the  next  importations  by 
Sotham  &  Corning,  Albany,  N.  Y.,  all  met  terrible 
opposition  by  Shorthorn  men,  of  which  your  humble 
scribe  was  one.  Never  in  the  history  of  any  state 
did  the  worthy  'red  with  white  faces'  have  stronger 
opposition  than  in  the  'Dirigo  State/  But  when 
we  look  back  and  see  the  Shorthorn  blood  they  had 
to  contend  against,  the  best  in  the  known  world — 
such  bulls  as  Young  Denton,  Comet,  Fitz  Favourite, 
and  a  host  of  others  which  stood  within  three  miles 
of  my  door  in  the  great  grass  valley  of  the  Kenne- 
bec — you  will  admit  with  me  the  little  '  white-faced 
pilgrims'  had  a  hard,  nay  an  unequal,  battle  to  fight. 
It  seemed  almost  like  marching  a  little  army  of  un- 
trained volunteers  against  "a  mighty  host  of  veter- 
ans strongly  entrenched  behind  fortifications  of 
years  in  building.  But  what  a. mighty  change  has 
been  wrought  in  a  half-century  and  less.  A  few 
men  had  courage  to  try  the  Herefords;  among  them 
were  Mr.  Joseph  Underwood,  of  Fayette,  Me.,  and 
Wingate  Hains,  of  Hallowell,  Me.  The  former's  en- 
terprising sons,  G.  &  G.  Underwood,  still  are  breed- 
ing a  large  fine  herd,  and  it  is  a  treat  to  a  Hereford 
man  to  sit  before  the  open  wood  fire  on  a  winter 
evening  at  their  hospitable  home  and  listen  as  they 
relate  their  earliest  experiences  (as  boys)  with 
Hereford  steers." 

The  states  of  Vermont  and  New  Hampshire  also 


FIRST     AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  297 

have  a  place  of  honor  in  the  Hereford  column.  They 
not  only  contributed  to  the  upbuilding  of  the  breed 
in  New  England  in  the  old  days,  but  in  many  locali- 
ties the  farmers  are  still  fond  of  their  white-faced 
steers. 

The  Chamberlain  Importation.  —  The  Messrs. 
Clark  of  West  Granby  were  pioneer  breeders  in 
Massachusetts,  and  exhibited  Herefords  at  the  state 
fair  held  in  Boston  in  1858.  The  report  of  the  award- 
ing committee  upon  that  occasion  stated  that  "most 
of  these  were  derived  from  stock  imported  from 
England  by  William  Chamberlain  of  Eed  Hook, 
N.  Y.,  although  one  was  purchased  of  Mr.  Sotham 
of  Owego,  N.  Y."  We  can  find  no  record  as  to 
the  date  of  this  Chamberlain  importation,  but  it 
has  been  placed  at  about  1849.  Mr.  George  Under- 
wood at  one  time  communicated  with  a  daughter  of 
Mr.  Chamberlain  in  an  effort  to  obtain  definite  in- 
formation as  to  this  importation,  but  obtained  noth- 
ing further  than  the  mere  statement  that  "the  cow 
Fanny  was  purchased  through  a  reliable  London 
house  as  a  purebred  Hereford/'  It  is  regarded  as 
probable  that  Mr.  Clark  bought  these  cattle  of  Mr. 
Chamberlain  about  1855,  including  a  bull  out  of  im- 
ported Fanny  that  was  the  sire  of  Fanny  2d. 

The  awarding  committee  at  this  fair  spoke  of  the 
young  cow  Miss  Sotham,  to  which  they  awarded  the 
first  prize,  as  "a  very  fine  cow,  compact,  symmet- 
rical, hardy  and  of  first-rate  handling  quality.  She 
had  a  fine  bull  calf  by  her  side  by  Cronkhill  3d,  bred 
by  Mr.  Dowley."  Second  prize  was  given  to  the 
cow  Fanny,  imported  by  Mr.  Chamberlain.  She  is 


298  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

described  as  "  large,  with  good  frame  and  constitu- 
tion, an  excellent  hide  and  coat,  shown  in  rather  low 
condition,  with  a  beautiful  heifer  calf  at  side  by 
Cronkhill." 

Dowley  Importation  of  1852.— In  the  fifth  an- 
nual report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Massachusetts 
State  Board  of  Agriculture,  published  in  1858,  there 

is  an  account  of  the  state  fair  and  cattle  show  held 

• 

in  Boston,  accompanied  by  reviews  of  the  various 
breeds  on  exhibition,  including  the  Herefords.  In 
the  course  of  these  references  it  is  stated  that  "Hon. 
L.  A.  Dowley  of  Boston  in  1852  imported  a  bull  and 
two  heifers  which  were  placed  on  his  farm  at  Brat- 
tleboro,  Vt.  They  were  both  bred  by  Lord  Ber- 
wick. "  It  is  further  stated  that  "the  Herefords 
owned  by  the  state,  and  kept  at  the  station  farm  at 
Westboro,  are  from  the  Dowley  importation.  Cronk- 
hill  3d  was  sired  by  Cronkhill,  imported  in  1852  from 
Lord  Berwick's  stock.  His  dam  was  Milton,  im- 
ported at  the  same  time  with  Cronkhill.  The  heifer 
Cora,  also  out  of  Milton  and  by  Cronkhill,  is  now 
two  years  old.  She  is  a  fine  specimen  of  the  breed, 
possessing  remarkable  beauty  and  symmetry  of 
form."  Again  it  is  stated  that  "the  Dowley  herd, 
now  owned  by  Mr.  Goodell  of  Brattleboro,  Vt.,  the 
herd  of  Mr.  Clark  of  Boston  kept  at  Granby,  and 
those  of  Messrs.  Sotham  and  Corning  of  New  York 
are  perhaps  the  most  widely  known  of  any  in  this 
country. ' ' 

At  this  fair  these  Dowley  cattle,  Cronkhill  3d, 
then  a  yearling  bull,  the  cow  imported  Milton,  then 


FIRST     AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  299 

seven  years  old  and  her  two-year-old  heifer  Cora 
and  a  heifer  calf  eight  months  old  were  entered  ' l  for 
exhibition  only"  from  the  state  farm.  The  only 
other  purebred  Herefords  on  exhibition  were  those 
of  Mr.  0.  C.  Clark,  and  included  the  imported  Cham- 
berlain cow  Fanny  then  nine  years  old,  the  four- 
year-old  Fanny  2d,  the  three-year-old  Miss  Sotham, 
the  six-year-old  Miss  Wheeler  and  the  yearling  bull 
Granby.  Steers  were  shown  by  Thomas  J.  Field, 
Northfield,  Mass. 

It  is  recorded  in  the  report  of  this  fair  that  the 
cow  Milton  and  the  heifer  Cora  were  purchased  at 
the  Dowley  sale  in  1855.  Milton  is  described  as  "a 
cow  of  much  substance  and  fine  symmetry,  with  the 
exception  of  a  little  deficiency  in  the  flanks.  The 
heifer  is  a  superior  animal,  is  almost  perfect  in  sym- 
metry and  as  a  grazier  seldom  equalled.  The  bull  is 
large,  of  good  constitution,  generally  well  made,  but 
with  hardly  the  fullness  of  eye  or  the  mellowness  of 
skin  that  is  so  desirable.  The  heifer  calf  is  very 
promising. ' '  Milton  and  Cora  were  afterwards  sold 
to  Hon.  John  Merryman  of  Maryland,  as  will  appear 
further  on. 

The  Ohio  Importation  of  1852.— The  second 
direct  importation  of  Herefords  made  into  a  mid- 
west state  was  by  two  English  farmers  residing  in 
the  vicinity  of  Elyria,  0.,  John  Humphries  and 
Thomas  Aston.  We  are  permitted  to  reproduce  here 
Mr.  Aston 's  business  card  as  used  in  England. 

From  this  it  appears  that  the  latter  was  a  Mon- 
mouth  butcher  before  coming  out  to  try  his  fortune 


300  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

in  the  New  World:  Needless  to  say,  therefore,  he 
knew  the  Herefords.  As  a  pioneer  in  the  great  new 
field  opened  up  to  the  " white  faces/'  largely  as  a  re- 
sult of  his  enterprise,  so  much  interest  attaches  to 
this  importation  that  the  author  makes  no  apology 
for  the  introduction  at  this  point  of  the  following 


O    AM.    PARTS    or    WONMOUTH     AND      NEIGHBOURHOOD. 


THOMAS    ASTON 'S    BUSINESS    CARD. 


sketch  of  Mr.  Aston,  kindly  prepared  by  Mrs.  Hor- 
ace Abbe,  a  daughter  residing  at  Elyria : 

"Thomas  Aston  was  born  Nov.  1,  1814,  near  Cole- 
ford,  Gloucestershire,  England.  As  a  boy  he  was 
raised  on  a  farm.  Tom,  his  brothers  and  fourteen 
horses  were  sent  to  work  in  the  coal  mines  about 
three  miles  distant  in  the  winter  months,  where  they 
would  see  daylight  only  on  the  Sundays.  When 
about  sixteen  years  of  age  Tom  was  sent  as  an  ap- 
prentice to  the  butchering  business  at  Monmouth, 
where  he  was  employed  for  five  years.  At  the  age 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  301 

of  21  he  was  married  to  May  Ann  Brownel.  He 
wished  at  this  time  to  go  to  America,  but  his  mother 
not  favoring  this  proposition,  they  started  for  them- 
selves in  the  meat  business  in  Monmouth,  where 
they  were  very  successful.  Still  wishing  for  broader 
fields  and  larger  possibilities  for  the  growing  fam- 
ily of  eight  children,  they  decided  to  come  to  Amer- 
ica. He  engaged  passage  on  a  new  sailing  vessel 
named  'Mary  Ann,'  about  to  make  her  second  trip. 
Mr.  Aston  had  the  ship  partitioned  off  for  his  fam- 
ily and  a  few  friends. 

"They  sailed  April  17,  1852,  from  Bristol,  Eng- 
land, and  brought  with  them  seven  head  of  thorough- 
bred Hereford  cattle,  fourteen  Cotswold  sheep,  two 
shepherd  dogs  and  over  two  tons  of  luggage.  Seven 
weeks  and  three  days  were  consumed  in  crossing  the 
Atlantic,  consequently  their  stock  of  provisions  be- 
came short  and  the  cattle  had  to  be  fed  on  sea  bis- 
cuits soaked  in  cold  water  and  on  which  they  seemed 
to  thrive.  After  this  long  and  severe  journey,  dur- 
ing which  they  lost  two  of  their  beautiful  herd,  they 
landed  in  New  York. 

"Mr.  Aston  left  his  family  in  Oswego  county,  pur- 
chased a  horse  and  buggy  and  drove  through  the 
country  seeking  a  suitable  place  to  locate.  As  the 
result  of  this  preliminary  trip  he  purchased  a  farm 
about  two  miles  east  of  Elyria,  Lorain  Co.,  0.,  where 
he  resided  eighteen  years.  Mr.  Aston  was  one  of 
the  first  importers  of  Hereford  cattle,  and  became 
a  very  successful  breeder,  having  exhibited  at  fairs 
in  thirteen  different  states.  His  animals  were  among 
the  leading  prize-winners,  some  of  them  sweepstakes 
over  any  breed  or  age,  some  premiums  being  given 
in  silver  service  and  medals.  The  family  has  now 
in  possession  several  pieces  of  solid  silver  and  a 
number  of  silver  and  bronze  medals  so  won. 


302  A  HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

"In  those  early  days  the  Herefords  raised  the 
fattest  calves,  and  were  earliest  of  maturity.  Mr. 
Aston  took  great  pride  in  having  the  handsomest 
and  fattest  steers  for  the  Christmas  show  in  the  city 
of  Cleveland,  fattening  them  especially  for  the  lead- 
ing meat  dealers  and  getting  for  them  the  best  pos- 
sible prices.  He  crossed  the  Atlantic  six  times,  the 
last  time  in  1870,  with  his  wife,  two  sons  and  one 
daughter,  locating  again  in  Monmouth  and  later  on 
at  Wyshem,  Herefordshire,  where  he  died  Feb.  20, 
1894,  at  the  age  of  seventy-nine  years. ' ' 

John  Humphries  was  born  in  Somersetshire,  Eng- 
land, Aug.  8, 1795.  He  was  married  in  1817  and  was 
the  father  of  several  children,  all  now  dead.  He 
was  always  a  farmer  and  breeder  of  cattle.  While 
living  in  England  he  kept  Shorthorns  until  he  be- 
came convinced  of  the  superior  qualities  of  the  Here- 
fords.  Deciding  at  length  to  emigrate  to  America, 
where  he  hoped  to  buy  a  large  farm  of  his  own,  he 
got  in  touch  with  his  friend,  Mr.  Aston,  and  they 
agreed  to  come  out  together.  With  characteristic 
English  appreciation  of  the  necessity  of  stock-keep- 
ing as  a  means  of  maintaining  the  fertility  of  the 
soil,  they  proceeded  to  purchase  for  joint  account 
seven  Herefords  and  fourteen  Cotswold  sheep.  This 
determination  on  their  part  in  the  face  of  the  seri- 
ousness of  their  undertaking  at  that  date  presents 
at  this  distance  a  pleasing  picture  of  British  de- 
termination and  courage.  They  did  not  even  know 
their  own  ultimate  destination.  The  New  World 
was  to  them  virtually  terra  incognita.  The  North 
Atlantic,  to  be  traversed  with  difficulty  and  discom- 


FIRST     AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  303 

fort  in  an  ordinary  sailing  vessel,  rolled  between 
their  native  land  and  the.  American  coast. 

A  granddaughter  of  John  Humphries,  Mrs.  Jen- 
nie E.  Thornton,  writing  to  the  author  concerning 
this  undertaking,  corroborates  the  statement  above 
quoted  from  Mr.  Aston 's  daughter,  in  regard  to  the 
hardships  suffered.  Not  only  was  a  stormy  voyage 
of  seven  weeks  experienced,  in  the  course  of  which 
two  of  the  Herefords  were  lost,  but  as  the  ship  was 
inadequately  manned  the  male  passengers  were  often 
called  upon  to  help  set  or  furl  the  sails  and  perform 
other  work  of  sailors.  They  were  on  the  water  much 
longer  than  had  been  anticipated  and  the  ship's 
provisions  ran  short,  but  thanks  to  the  liberal  sup- 
plies brought  by  Messrs.  Humphries  and  Aston,  all 
hands,  as  well  as  the  surviving  cattle,  were  fed. 
They  arrived  in  New  York  harbor  early  in  June, 
1852,  and  soon  afterwards  set  out  on  their  journey 
into  the  west,  locating  as  near  neighbors  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  Elyria,  0.  The  cattle  and  sheep  were  at  once 
divided  and  the  stock-raising  operations  pursued  in- 
dependently, though  always  with  mutual  accommo- 
dation. 

We  are  able  to  present  in  this  connection  an  inter- 
esting old  portrait  of  Mr.  Aston,  but  unfortunately 
there  is  none  available  of  his  worthy  partner  in 
this  enterprise,  Mr.  Humphries.  Moreover,  we  are 
without  any  very  explicit  details  as  to  their  Here- 
fords. 

We  know  that  in  1852  they  landed  the  bulls  Curly 
14,  bred  by  Eoberts  of  Ivingtonbury,  and  Prince 


304  A  HISTORY  OP  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Albert  477,  bred  by  Yeomans  of  Stretton  Court,  and 
the  heifers  Victoria  478  and  Duchess  15.  Curly 
traced  through  Fairboy  28,  Sir  Andrew  54  and  Con- 
queror 97,  to  Wellington  160,  of  Ben  Tomkins' 
breeding  and  became  Aston 's  property.  Prince  Al- 
bert was  by  Voltigeur  489,  and  was  taken  by  Mr. 
Humphries.  Victoria,  bred  by  Mr.  Bowen  of  Monk- 
land,  Leominster,  also  became  Mr.  Humphries '  prop- 
erty. Duchess  was  retained  by  Aston.  Both  heifers 
came  from  the  Bowen  herd  and  both  carried  sound 
old  blood  derived  from  the  herd  of  James  Eea,  of 
Monaughty.  And  what  is  more  to  the  point,  they 
both  proved  prolific.* 

Early  Exhibits  by  Mr.  Aston.— In  1856,  Mr. 
Aston  exhibited  his  cattle  at  Pittsburg,  Pa.,  at  the 
United  States  show  at  Philadelphia,  and  at  Balti- 

*We  have  been  furnished  by  Mrs.  Abbe  with  a  copy  of  the  diary 
kept  by  Mr.  Aston  on  this  memorable  voyage.  In  view  of  the  real 
importance  of  this  shipment  of  cattle  as  one  of  the  basic  incidents 
connected  with  the  introduction  of  Hereford  cattle  into  the  western 
states,  we  reproduce  this  interesting  account  of  the  long  journey  just 
as  it  was  set  down  at  the  time.  We  quote : 

MY  PASSAGE   TO   AMERICA— 1852. 

Saturday,  17th  of  April.  Came  to  King's  Head  Hotel  and  staid 
all  night. 

Sunday,  the  18th.  Sailed,  with  wind  favorable  at  six  in  the  morn- 
ing. 

Monday,  the  19th.  Lost  sight  of  land.  With  wind  favorable,  all 
is  going  on  very  comfortably. 

Tuesday,  the  20th.  The  wind  changed  to  westward,  blowing  very 
hard  with  rain.  Night  brought  on  a  heavy  gale.  Waves  rolling  heav- 
ily, tossing  all  our  boxes  and  packages  one  over  the  other,  and  knock- 
ing our  poor  beasts  about  the  deck  in  a  dreadful  manner.  One  of  the 
cows  was  dead  in  the  morning,  and  the  other  cow  almost  dead.  Was 
obliged  to  kill  her.  The  others  were  very  much  bruised. 

Wednesday,  the  21st.  Still  blowing  very  hard,  and  the  sea  very 
high.  Not  able  to  keep  anything  steady  without  lashing.  Several 
of  the  poor  passengers  very  sick. 

Thursday,  the  22nd.  Wind  a  little  more  favorable,  but  making 
much  speed.  The  captain  afraid  to  put  on  too  much  canvas. 

Friday  the  23rd.  A  fine  clear  morning,  but  sadly  frightened. 
The  cook's  apartment  set  on  fire  and  would  have  been  very  serious 
had  it  not  been  put  out  in  time. 

Saturday,  the  24th.  With  wind  favorable  saw  a  whale  at  a  dis- 
tance, blowing  the  water  very  high.  Closed  the  evening  with  music 
and  dancing.  About  500  miles  from  Bristol. 

Sunday,  the  25th.     Almost  a  calm.     A  steamer  passed  very  close  to 


THOMAS  ASTON. 


306  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

more,  Md.,  where  he  sold  the  bull  Curly  to  a  Col. 
Prince  of  that  city.  During  this  same  year  Mr. 
Humphries  made  a  show  at  the  New  York  State 
Fair.  In  1857  Mr.  Aston  made  a  tour  of  the  western 
shows,  exhibiting  at  Freeport,  111.,  Chicago  and  St. 
Louis.  This  same  year  he  exhibited  also  at  Detroit 

us  and  spoke  to  our  captain  who  told  him  the  name  of  our  vessel. 
We  had  prayers  on  deck  at  eleven  in  the  morning  and  at  six  in  the 
evening. 

Monday,  the  26th.  Weather  fine,  but  the  wind  unfavorable.  All 
going  on  well.  Busy  with  the  captain  giving  the  passengers  allowance. 

Tuesday,  the  27th.  Rain.  Wind  blowing  southward,  and  rough 
sea.  Passed  a  boat  bound  for  England.  I  killed  a  sheep  and  sold 
part  of  it  to  the  passengers. 

Wednesday,  the  28th.  Very  rough  and  windy,  blowing  southwest, 
but  fine.  Some  of  the  passengers  seem  to  recover  from  their  sickness. 
I  and  all  my  family  suffered  very  much  from  sickness  for  nearly  a 
fortnight,  the  girls  and  my  wife  much  longer. 

Thursday,  the  29th.  Wind  northwest,  blowing  very  cold,  and  rough 
sea.  The  most  favorable  wind  we  have  been  out  in.  Sailing  about  7 
knots  an  hour. 

Friday,  the  30th.  Wind  changes  again  southwest.  The  steward's 
mate  robbed  the  cabin  of  some  money,  for  which  he  received  a  dozen 
lashes  and  the  captain  made  him  parade  the  deck  with  "thief"  written 
on  his  back  for  punishment. 

Saturday,  May  the  1st :  Cold  and  wet.  We  passed  two  vessels 
bound  for  some  English  port.  Came  on  a  heavy  gale  in  the  evening 
and  lasted  all  night. 

Sunday,  the  2nd.  The  sea  very  rough  and  the  waves  rolling  very 
high  and  breaking  over  the  deck.  Obliged  to  lash  down  all  our  things. 
Sat  down  to  biscuit  and  cheese  for  dinner,  the  waves  putting  out  all 
the  fire  in  the  cook's  house,  and  could  not  have  any  service  in  con- 
sequence. 

Monday,  the  3rd.  Rather  calmer,  with  the  wind  unfavorable.  Saw 
a  lot  of  porpoises  rolling  and  tumbling  very  much.  The  captain 
gave  out  the  allowance  to  the  passengers.  We  have  not  seen  any 
land  since  the  18th  of  April. 

Tuesday,  the  4th.  Southwest  wind  blowing  very  strong  and  the 
sea  rolling  heavy,  washing  over  the  deck. 

Wednesday,  the  5th.  The  wind  blowing  and  sea  rolling  very  high, 
Very  cold,  but  no  danger.  Our  poor  beasts  very  much  knocked  about. 

Thursday,    the    6th.      A   rainy    day   and   cold. 

Friday,  the  7th.  In  the  morning  the  wind  better  and  more  favor- 
able, but  cold.  Supposed  to  be  1,000  miles  from  home. 

Saturday,  the  8th.  Wet  and  cold,  with  hail  storms.  A  gale  came 
on  in  the  morning  and  throwed  one  of  Mr.  Williams'  children  out  of 
bed  from  the  top  berth.  This  ends  a  week  of  rough  weather. 

Sunday,  the  9th.  Fine  and  calmer.  Held  prayer  meeting  in 
our  apartments.  Mr.  Goslin  read  prayers  and  Mr.  Williams  and  we 
answered  him,  as  did  Clerk. 

Monday,  the  10th.  Dry  and  calm  westward.  Going  about  6  knots 
an  hour,  the  captain  giving  out  the  week's  allowance. 

Tuesday,  the  llth.  Fine  and  mild.  The  wind  a  little  more  favor- 
able. 

Wednesday,  the  12th.  The  wind  southwest  and  a  calm  sea.  Saw 
a  vessel  at  a  distance,  bound  for  England.  All  going  on  well.  Going 
about  7  knots. 

Thursday,  the  13th.  Wind  northwest.  Captain  put  down  the  lead 
70  fathoms,  but  found  no  bottom.  Also  let  down  a  bottle  of  fresh 


FIRST     AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  307 

and  Zanesville,  0.  In  1858  he  had  cattle  at  Rich- 
mond, Winchester  and  Norfolk,  Va.,  as  well  as  at 
Petersburg,  N.  C.  In  1860  he  made  exhibits  at  the 
Ohio  and  Kentucky  state  fairs. 

Mr.  Walter  M.  Morgan,  afterwards  a  breeder  of 
prominence  in  Kansas,  a  son-in-law  of  Mr.  Aston, 

water,  the  cork  sealed.  Came  back  with  the  cork  forced  in.  Came 
up  the  contrary  way  and  filled  with  salt  water. 

Friday,  the  14th.  Fine  but  very  cold,  the  wind  northwest.  Going 
on  more  favorably,  the  most  of  us  recovering  from  our  sickness. 

Saturday,  the  15th.  We  made  the  sailors  a  jolly  good  plum  pud- 
ding for  their  dinner,  for  their  good  conduct.  Messrs.  Williams, 
Goslin,  Humphries  and  myself  found  the  ingredients  between  us,  for 
which  they  were  very  thankful. 

Sunday,  the  16th.  On  the  banks  of  Newfoundland.  Supposed  to 
be  about  1,200  miles  from  New  York,  400  miles  across  the  banks,  and 
800  after.  We  had  a  prayer  meeting,  morning  and  evening,  in 
our  apartments. 

Monday,  the  17th.  Cold,  foggy  day,  which  it  is  always  in  this  part 
of  the  ocean.  We  were  obliged  to  keep  a  watch  on  deck,  blowing 
a  horn  for  fear  some  ship  should  come  into  us.  A  great  place  for 
codfish. 

Tuesday,  the  18th.  Passed  a  fisherman's  brig  fishing  for  cod. 
We  let  down  our  boat  and  the  mate  and  a  few  others  went  and 
bought  several  fish  with  them  and  sold  them  again  to  the  passen- 
gers, and  we  sat  down  to  a  dinner  of  nice  fresh  cod,  which  we 
enjoyed  much. 

Wednesday,  the  19th.  We  witnessed  a  funeral  at  sea.  A  child 
about  12  months  old  belonging  to  a  man  of  the  name  of  Morgan, 
from  Langarsen,  died  on  the  night  before.  It  had  been  ill  some  time 
before.  Put  it  in  a  coffin  with  something  to  sink  it,  the  captain 
reading  the  burial  service. 

Thursday,  the  20th.  C9ld,  wet  and  foggy,  something  like  a  No- 
vember day.  The  horn  obliged  to  be  blown  all  day,  not  being  able  to 
see  many  yards  before  us.  The  bottom  about  40  fathoms,  that  is, 
276  yards. 

Friday,  the  21st.  Cold  and  foggy  in  the  morning.  Cleared  up  in 
the  evening.  Supposed  to  be  getting  off  the  banks,  but  have  seen  no 
land.  Nice  and  calm. 

Saturday,  the  22nd.  Nice  bright  morn,  and  warmer.  Put  down 
the  lead,  but  found  no  bottom. 

Sunday,  the  23rd.  The  wind  a  little  westward.  Held  a  prayer 
meeting  in  our  apartment  and  sang  several  Psalms. 

Monday,  the  24th.  The  wind  a  little  more  easterly.  Getting  wish- 
ful to  be  at  our  journey's  end.  Have  been  out  upward  of  5  weeks 
and  have  seen  no  land.  The  wind  very  unfavorable.  Captain  giving 
out  the  food.  Mr.  Williams  went  on  deck  and  the  wind  blew  his 
hat  overboard,  and  others',  15  in  number. 

Tuesday,  the  25th.  The  wind  changed  again,  wet  and  cold. 
Going  about  6  knots.  One  passenger  very  ill.  Ourselves  have  had 
colds. 

Wednesday,  the  26th.  Fine  and  milder.  Saw  a  vessel  in  the 
distance  which  made  toward  us,  our  captain  asking  her  name.  It 
was  the  George  Brownell,  bound  for  New  York,  came  from  France. 
Full  of  immigrants,  about  400  in  number.  We  gave  her  three  cheers 
and  parted. 

Thursday,  the  27th.  Fine  mild  day.  Saw  a  piece  of  timber  up- 
right in  the  sea,  supposed  to  be  a  wreck,  part  of  some  vessel. 

Friday,    the    28th.      Fine   and  mild,   the   wind   westward.      Still   see 


308  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

was  with  the  cattle  on  these  tours  and  says  that  they 
were  unusually  successful  in  winning  prizes. 

Importation  of  I860.— In  1860  Messrs.  Humph- 
ries and  Aston  made  a  second  shipment,  including 
the  bulls  John  Bull  464,  Chancellor  472  and  a  heifer 
that  never  bred.  These  were  safely  landed,  but 
several  other  animals  succumbed  to  the  rigors  of 
the  Atlantic  passage,  then  a  long  and  trying  trip. 
John  Bull  was  from  the  herd  of  E.  Price  of  Pem- 
bridge  and  sired  by  Goldfinder  2d  out  of  Prettymaid 
473.  Chancellor  was  by  The  Grove  62,  by  Sir  David. 

During  the  '60  's  Aston  bought  the  bulls  Captain  6 
and  Golden  Drop  457  from  Frederick  William  Stone 

a  lot  of  porpoises  rolling  and  tumbling.  We  tried  a  harpoon  in  one 
but  missed. 

Saturday,  the  29th.  Fine  and  getting  on  the  St.  George  Shoals. 
Another  sand  bank.  Found  bottom  at  40  fathoms,  about  350  miles 
from  New  York. 

Sunday,  the  30th.  On  St.  George  Shoals.  Quite  foggy,  obliged 
to  blow  the  horn  again.  Found  bottom  at  36  fathoms.  Held  prayer 
meeting. 

Monday,  the  31st.  Fine  and  clear.  Saw  three  whales  at  a  distance. 
Our  water  supply  getting  short,  2  quarts  instead  of  3,  and  no  wind 
to  get  on. 

Tuesday,  June  the  1st.  Fine  and  clear.  Saw  several  porpoises 
and  seven  dolphins.  The  mate  caught  one  with  a  fishhook.  Saw  a 
number  of  black  fish  5  or  6  feet  long,  regular  customers  with  large 
heads.  Very  best  wind.  Going  a  little  north.  Had  a  little  music 
this  eve.  At  11  o'clock  we  harpooned  a  fine  porpoise  weighing  about 
100  pounds  or  more.  It  caused  a  great  uproar  in  the  vessel,  all  the 
passengers  getting  up  and  coming  on  deck  to  see  the  large  sea  pig. 
It  was  very  well  worth  seeing. 

Wednesday,  the  2nd.  Very  fine,  too.  Cut  up  the  porpoise  early. 
Some  of  the  passengers  had  some  of  it  for  their  breakfasts.  A  great 
part  of  the  fish  is  very  much  like  a  pig,  only  much  handsomer.  It 
was  very  fat.  About  midday  the  wind  blew  very  hard,  which  made 
us  nearly  all  very  ill.  Went  to  bed  without  any  supper. 

Thursday,  the  3rd.  Very  fine  weather.  A  strong  wind.  At  about 
5  o'clock  there  was  a  great  outcry  to  see  the  pilot,  who  had  come  on 
board,  which  was  very  good  news  for  us.  The  day  is  very  fine. 
About  130  miles  from  New  York,  when  he  came  on  board. 

Friday,  the  4th.  We  engaged  a  steam  tug  to  tow  us  in.  Then  we 
began  to  see  land,  which  was  a  pleasing  sight  to  us.  Some  of  the 
poor  passengers  were  getting  rather  short  of  food,  as  were  our  cattle 
and  sheep.  One  of  the  Hereford  heifers  died,  and  we  were  obliged 
to  throw  her  overboard. 

Saturday,  the  5th.  We  came  in  sight  of  place  called  quarantine 
ground,  and  New  York  harbor,  as  handsome  a  place  as  I  ever  saw. 
Our  ship  lay  there  until  Monday,  the  7th,  when  we  all  landed,  having 
been  seven  weeks  and  three  days  on  our  journey. 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  309 

of  Canada,  the  former  by  imp.  Sailor  12  aiid  the 
latter  by  Guelph  461. 

Mr.  Aston  sold  out  and  returned  to  England  to 
live  in  1870.  By  that  time  the  Hereford  had  become 
a  familiar  figure  in  the  pastures  and  feedlots  of  Lo- 
rain  and  adjoining  counties.  The  seed  had  fallen 
upon  fertile  soil.  Butchers  reported  that  the  ' '  white 
faces"  killed  well.  Graziers  agreed  that  they  made 
weight  fast  on  grass  and  ripened  rapidly  when 
placed  in  the  feedlot.  It  was  here  that  Thomas 
Clark,  another  Englishman  and  then  a  young  man 
unknown  to  fame,  first  began  farming  in  America 
and  acquired  the  blood  that  started  him  upon  his 
remarkable  career  as  a  breeder  and  exhibitor  of 
Herefords.  It  was  in  this  vicinity  also  that  George 
Morgan,  another  Englishman  who  was  to  become 
a  great  factor  in  the  American  Hereford  trade, 
settled  on  first  coming  out  from  Herefordshire. 

Thomas  Clark  states  that  the  Humphries-Aston 
stock,  while  not  so  refined  as  we  are  now  accustomed 
to  seeing  in  America,  were  good  thick-fleshed  cattle 
possessing  scale,  substance,  fine  feeding  quality  and 
in  some  cases  the  cows  were  excellent  milkers.  They 
were  more  freely  marked  with  white  than  modern 
Herefords.  Cattle  descended  from  the  Humphries- 
Aston  stock  were  often  shown  at  the  local  and  dis- 
trict fairs  in  northern  Ohio,  and  when  the  newer 
west  finally  awakened  to  the  value  of  the  blood 
Elyria  suddenly  found  herself  for  the  time  being 
the  Hereford  capital  of  the  mid-west  states — a  dis- 
tinction claimed  shortly  afterwards,  however,  by  a 


310  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

town  in  northern  Illinois  to  be  mentioned  frequently 
as  our  story  progresses. 

Frederick  William  Stone.— The  farm  of  the  On- 
tario Agricultural  College  and  Experiment  Station 
possesses  an  historic  interest  to  the  lovers  of  im- 
proved domestic  animals,  aside  from  the  credit  at- 
taching to  the  great  work  there  performed  in  recent 
years  by  a  devoted  body  of  men  seeking  the  ad- 
vancement of  Dominion  agriculture  through  the  ap- 
plication of  scientific  practices.  It  was  in  those  fer- 
tile fields  that  Frederick  William  Stone  once  main- 
tained the  largest  herd  of  Hereford  cattle  of  its 
time  in  North  America.  Shorthorns  of  pure  descent 
and  Cotswold  sheep  of  the  best  British  breeding 
likewise  trod  the  soil  of  what  was  then  the  Moreton 
Lodge  estate.  The  walls  of  the  old  house  are  now 
incorporated,  in  part  at  least,  in  one  of  the  college 
buildings. 

From  this  famous  old-time  importing  and  breed- 
ing establishment  many  valuable  cattle  and  sheep 
went  out  to  enrich  the  farming,  not  only  of  Ontario, 
but  of  the  border  states  of  the  Union.  Indeed,  so 
marked  was  the  influence  of  the  Moreton  Lodge 
Herefords  upon  the  foundation  herds  of  New  Eng- 
land, New  York,  Maryland,  Ohio,  Michigan,  Indiana, 
Illinois,  Iowa  and  Missouri  that  no  account  of  the 
upbuilding  of  the  breed  in  the  States  can  fail  to 
accord  the  highest  recognition  to  the  enterprise  and 
public  spirit  of  this  real  benefactor  of  the  two  great 
neighboring  Anglo-Saxon  nations.  While  the  Here- 
fords  never  really  obtained  strong  footing  in  the 


FREDERICK  WILLIAM  STONE. 


312  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Dominion  generally,  it  so  happened  that  at  the  time 
the  middle  western  states  first  set  out  to  establish 
purebred  white-faced  herds  the  Frederick  William 
Stone  collection  was  the  largest  and  best  of  its 
kind  on  the  continent  and  was  therefore  freely 
drawn  upon  by  those  who  were  seeking  the  blood 
for  use  upon  this  side  of  the  line. 

A  Warwickshire  Man. — Mr.  Stone  was  born  at 
Barton-on-the-Heath,  Warwickshire,  England,  in 
1814,  and  came  to  Canada  in  1831  at  the  age  of  six- 
teen along  with  the  Arkells.  He  took  up  200  acres 
on  the  Puslinch  Plains,  which  he  afterwards  in- 
creased to  248  acres.  Some  years  later  he  returned 
to  England  with  the  idea  of  going  to  Calcutta  where 
his  brother  had  offered  him  a  position  as  an  East 
Indian  merchant.  However,  he  changed  his  mind 
and  returned  to  Canada. and  opened  a  store  on  the 
Brock  Eoad,  still  retaining  his  farm.  His  business 
prospered  and  he  acquired  the  estate  of  583  acres, 
550  of  which  he  sold  to  the  Ontario  Government  in 
1873  for  the  agricultural  college.  The  entrance  to 
the  main  building  is  the  original  entrance  to  the 
house  called  by  Mr.  Stone  Moreton  Lodge,  in  honor 
of  his  mother.  After  selling  this  farm  to  the  gov- 
ernment, Mr.  Stone  bought  an  adjoining  place  of 
some  200  acres,  which  he  farmed  along  with  one  of 
248  acres  at  Arkell  until  the  time  of  his  death  in 
1895,  at  the  age  of  eighty-one. 

In  1850  Mr.  Stone  purchased  the  Wingfield  herd 
of  Shorthorns  and  in  1854  began  to  import  purebred 
stock  direct.  His  first  shipment  of  Shorthorns  was 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  313 

lost  at  sea,  but  he  continued  importing  them  until 
1875,  exhibiting  with  great  success  at  the  Provincial 
exhibitions  in  Canada  and  in  the  United  States  as 
well.  One  of  his  most  noted  Shorthorn  bulls  was 
Grand  Duke  of  Moreton,  which  after  winning  vari- 
ous prizes  was  sold  for  $1,000  when  six  years  old. 

First  Hereford  Purchases. — In  1860  Mr.  Stone 
attended  the  Eoyal  English  Show  at  Canterbury 
and  was  so  pleased  with  the  Hereford  cattle  that  he 
got  his  brother  to  buy  some  and  ship  them  to  Can- 
ada. These  initial  purchases  were  made  chiefly  from 
the  old  established  herds  of  Lord  Bateman,  of  Shob- 
don,  Leominster,  and  Lord  Berwick,  of  Cronkhill, 
Salop.  Stock  bulls  from  both  of  these  herds  were 
in  service  at  Moreton  Lodge  in  the  early  days. 
Sailor  12,  bred  by  Lord  Berwick  and  sired  by 
Severn,  a  son  of  the  famous  Waif ord,  was  used  with 
satisfactory  results.  A  number  of  heifers  by  Sev- 
ern were  also  brought  out  from  the  Berwick  herd. 
Probably  one  of  the  best  known  bulls  sired  by  Sailor 
was  Canadian  Chief  663,  used  as  a  stock  bull  by  Mr. 
Stone.  He  left  a  number  of  heifers  from  which  most 
excellent  stock  descended,  one  of  these  being  the 
cow  Necklace  4th  1519,  that  passed  into  the  posses- 
sion of  Hon.  M.  H.  Cochrane,  of  Hillhurst.  The  dam 
of  Canadian  Chief,  the  imported  cow  Peach,  by  Al- 
bert Edward  450,  was  also  of  Cronkhill  origin  and 
was  subsequently  sold  to  Mr.  A.  H.  Seabury,  of 
Lafayette,  Ind.  Mr.  Seabury  bought  a  number  of 
cattle  from  Mr.  Stone,  and  his  herd  was  one  of  the 
earliest  established  in  the  state  of  Indiana.  These 


314  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

latter  purchases  constituted  the  foundation  of  the 
herd  which  afterwards  attained  prominence  in  the 
trade  in  the  States  as  the  property  of  Seabury  & 
Sample,  and  it  was  the  excellence  of  the  steers  de- 
rived from  this  stock  that  first  attracted  the  atten- 
tion of  the  late  Mr.  Adams  Earl  to  the  Herefords. 

Guelph  and  Sir  Charles. — From  Lord  Bateman, 
Mr.  Stone  obtained  the  bull  Patriot  26,  sired  by  Car- 
lisle 51.  He  also  secured  from  the  same  source  a 
daughter  of  Carlisle  named  Hebe.  It  is  of  interest 
to  note  in  this  connection  that  the  mating  of  this 
half-brother  and  sister  resulted  in  the  production 
at  Moreton  Lodge  of  the  good  stock  bull  Guelph 
2023,  that  sired,  among  other  noted  animals,  the 
famous  show  bull  Sir  Charles  543,  sold  to  Mr.  T.  L. 
Miller,  of  Beecher,  111.,  for  $1,000  in  gold  in  1872. 
It  was  with  this  bull  that  Mr.  Miller  made  his  first 
energetic  effort  to  attract  the  attention  of  cornbelt 
farmers  to  the  Hereford  breed  at  leading  western 
shows.  Guelph  also  sired  the  bull  Goldendrop  457, 
that  was  bought  by  W.  W.  Aldrich,  of  Elyria,  0., 
for  use  upon  cattle  derived  from  the  Humphries-As- 
ton  importation  into  that  state.  Another  son  of 
Guelph,  Commander-in-Chief  959,  was  used  in  the 
herd,  siring  among  other  animals  sold  to  the  States 
the  bull  Dalesman  1259,  bought  for  service  in  the 
herd  of  Mr.  Seabury.  Still  another  Guelph  bull  that 
came  to  the  States  was  Velvet  Jacket  675,  purchased 
by  W.  W.  Crapo,  of  Flint,  Mich.,  who  was  one  of 
the  earliest  breeders  of  Hereford  cattle  in  that  state 
and  who  obtained  a  number  of  breeding  cows  and 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  315 

heifers  from  Mr.  Stone.  Patriot  also  sired  the  bull 
Admiral  975,  sold  to  Hon.  John  Merryman,  of 
Maryland. 

The  Green  Blood  Introduced. — Further  on  in 
the  course  of  his  work  with  the  Herefords,  Mr. 
Stone  imported  from  the  herd  of  J.  B.  Green  the 
bulls  Governor  4th  1293  and  Portrait  3d  1404,  the 
latter  being  the  sire  of  the  bull  Picture  1403,  sold 
to  Mr.  Charles  Gudgell,  then  of  Pleasant  Hill,  Mo. 
Mr.  Gudgell  obtained  about  the  same  time  a  number 
of  females  from  the  same  source,  including  three 
daughters  of  Crown  Prince  1418,  son  of  Sir  Charles 
543. 

Wide  Distribution  of  the  Stone  Stock.— There 
was  scarcely  a  herd  in  the  northern  United  States 
founded  during  this  period  that  did  not  owe  some- 
thing to  the  Frederick  William  Stone  collection.  It 
was  a  source  of  supply  to  nearly  all  of  those  who 
were  trying  to  get  a  start  with  the  "  white  faces"  all 
the  way  from  Maine  to  Colorado.  Mr.  G.  S.  Bur- 
leigh  bought  cattle  from  Mr.  Stone  at  the  time  he 
was  founding  his  herd  in  the  state  of  Iowa.  Thomas 
Clark  had  from  Moreton  Lodge  Sir  Arthur  705,  by 
Sir  Charles  out  of  Hebe  3d,  sold  to  Mr.  Seabury. 
T.  L.  Miller  had  a  number  of  females  and  some 
bulls  in  addition  to  Sir  Charles,  and  by  him  the 
blood  was  passed  on  to  the  western  range  through 
the  hands  of  John  W.  Prowers,  of  West  Las  Ani- 
mas,  Colo. 

A  Man  of  Broad  Sympathies. — Mr.  Stone  took 
a  deep  interest  in  everything  pertaining  to  agricul- 


318  A  HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ture  and  was  for  years  a  member  of  the  Ontario 
Board  of  Agriculture  and  president  of  the  Agricul- 
ture and  Arts  Association.  He  did  not  seek  public 
office  at  all,  although  in  1867  in  the  Confederation 
election  he  ran  in  the  Conservative  interest  but  was 
unsuccessful. 

Like  all  the  other  strong  characters  which  Canada 
has  contributed  to  North  American  agricultural  his- 
tory, Mr.  Stone  possessed  the  Briton's  in-born  lik- 
ing for  good  animals,  and  although  deeply  engrossed 
in  merchandising  he  found  leisure  to  devote  both 
time  and  money  in  generous  measure  to  the  main- 
tenance of  herds  and  flocks  that  proved  throughout 
a  long  series  of  years  a  source  of  satisfaction  to 
himself  and  of  profit  to  his  patrons  in  both  coun- 
tries. 

He  is  said  to  have  imported  the  first  Suffolk 
horses,  Yorkshire  and  Berkshire  pigs,  Southdown 
and  Cotswold  sheep  into  Ontario,  as  well  as  the  first 
English  and  silver  pheasants,  Dorking  fowls  and 
Aylesbury  ducks.  On  his  farm  he  had  a  nursery 
where  he  grew  over  100  varieties  of  roses,  also  many 
different  varieties  of  fruit  trees,  Austrian  pines, 
spruce,  etc. 

At  the  Provincial  Exhibition  in  1879  at  Ottawa, 
Mr.  Stone  won  a  great  many  prizes  and  medals,  in- 
cluding the  Governor  General's  gold  medal  award- 
ed to  exhibitor  receiving  greatest  number  of  prizes 
for  cattle.  This  medal  was  presented  to  Mr.  Stone 
by  H.  E.  H.  the  Princess  Louise.  During  that  same 
year  he  won  two  gold,  six  silver  and  six  bronze 


320  A  HISTORY  OP  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

medals,  and  in  1867  the  gold  medal  at  Buffalo  for 
best  herd  of  Herefords. 

A  Strong  Personality. — Kegarding  Mr.  Stone's 
personal  characteristics  the  author  is  fortunate  in 
-possessing  a  pen-picture  drawn  some  years  ago  by 
another  one  of  Ontario's  immortals,  the  late  Kich- 
ard  Gibson,  in  the  course  of  a  personal  letter  from 
which  the  following  passage  is  taken: 

"I  knew  Mr.  Stone  intimately.  He  was  a  typical 
English  yeoman,  stoutly  built,  with  all  the  at- 
tributes of  his  .fellows  in  England,  and  an  aggres- 
sive color  in  his  cheeks,  that  good,  healthy,  ruddy 
bronze  that  bespoke  health  and  happiness.  He  was 
a  storekeeper  as  well  as  a  farmer,  and  his  wealth 
accumulated.  As  Straff ord  [a  famous  old-time  Eng- 
lish Shorthorn  auctioneer — ED.]  would  say  when 
a  specimen  of  one  of  his  favorite  families  passed 
before  him  in  the  salering,  'he  was  well  got  and  well 
descended/  A  cousin  of  his  was  sheriff  of  his  coun- 
ty and  his  eldest  son  was  a  prominent  barrister  in 
London,  England.  His  farming  was  to  him  a  pleas- 
ure, until  age  and  cares  passed  a  veil  upon  his 
work.  He  sold  the  farm  to  the  Ontario  Govern- 
ment, and  upon  his  superstructure  the  present  On- 
tario College  of  Agriculture  now  lives  and  moves 
and  turns  out  professors  annually,  a  sure  sign  of 
the  fitness  of  the  soil. 

"As  to  his  Herefords:  For  years  he  won  every- 
thing before  him.  I  remember  a  bull,  I  think  Sir 
Charles.  I  reported  him  as  being  fit  to  compete 
with  a  ring  of  all  Shorthorns  of  any  age,  that  is,  as 
regards  symmetry  and  smoothness  of  flesh,  but  he 
was  not  a  typical  Hereford  of  that  day.  His  horns 
were  short  and  turned  in,  a  la  Shorthorn.  However, 
he  was  a  great  butcher's  fancy.  The  herd  was  un- 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  321 

doubtedly  the  best  on  the  continent  at  the  time  I 
mention. '  '* 

No  better  evidence  of  the  esteem  in  which  Mr. 
Stone  was  held  by  his  own  people  can  be  advanced 
than  the  following  paragraph  taken  from  an  obitu- 
ary notice  published  in  the  "Farmer's  Advocate " 
of  Feb.  15,  1895 : 

"We  regret  to  chronicle  the  death  of  Mr.  Fred- 
erick W.  Stone,  of  Guelph,  Ont.,  one  of  the  pioneer 
importers  and  breeders  of  purebred  stock  on  this 
continent.  Live  stock  husbandry  in  Canada  owes  a 
distinct  debt  of  gratitude  to  the  man  who  did  so 
much  to  lay  the  foundation  of  the  position  of  pre- 
eminence which  the  country  enjoys  today,  the  good 
influence  of  his  enterprise  naturally  extending  to 
the  neighboring  republic  as  well.  He  was  a  fine  rep- 
resentative of  an  old  ancl  worthy  type  of  agricul- 
turists too  fast  disappearing  from  view  in  these 
days  of  constant  change  and  ceaseless  activity. " 

Hon.  John  Merryman. — The  Merrymans  of  Ma- 
ryland came  originally  from  near  Monkton  in 
Herefordshire  prior  to  1650,  and  their  name  is  in- 
separably connected  with  the  history  of  their  adopt- 
ed state.  The  immediate  ancestors  of  John  Merry- 
man, whose  identification  with  Hereford  cattle 
breeding  in  America  we  have  now  to  mention,  set- 
tled upon  the  Gunpowder  some  22  miles  north  of 

*Mr.  Gibson  adds  the  following  characteristic  postscript :  "The 
last  time  I  saw  the  herd  old  Joe  Kirby  was  in  charge.  They  had 
many  Hereford  bull  calves  and  yearlings;  also  over  100  Cotswold 
rams.  After  we  had  finished  going  over  the  cattle  and  sheep,  in 
the  course  of  which  I  had  indulged  in  my  customary  badgering  about 
the  'white  faces,'  I  said  :  'Joe,  now  I  want  you  to  drive  with  me  to 
Guelph.'  'I  can't,'  said  he,  'for  I  have  to  attend  upon  some  cus- 
tomers.' 'All  right,'  said  I,  'but  I  want  to  buy  you  a  present;  will 
send  it  back  with  the  driver.'  It  was  a  sharp  knife.  Joe  under- 
stood the  hint,  and  no  matter  afterwards  where  I  met  him  the 
proposition  was  carried  out,  and  if  any  of  your  young  English 
epicures  were  around,  lambs'  fries  could  be  had  for  nothing." 


322  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

the  city  of  Baltimore  and  called  their  new  home 
Monkton.  They  acquired  many  thousands  of  acres 
of  land  both  east  and  west  of  the  stream  mentioned 
and  early  in  the  eighteenth  century  located  upon 
the  farm  they  called,  still  in  honor  of  the  old  home, 
Hereford.  It  was  here  that  John  Merryman  was 
born  in  1824.  In  the  year  1847  his  parents  fell  heir 
to  the  historic  farm  of  Hayfields  near  the  village  of 
Cockeysville,  and  here  in  1856  he  laid  the  founda- 
tion for  a  herd  of  Hereford  cattle  that  was  destined 
to  exert  a  far-reaching  and  beneficent  influence  upon 
the  breed  in  the  United  States. 

The  holding  known  as  Hayfields  is  situated  in 
the  famous  Worthington  Valley  and  had  been  put 
together  by  Col.  Nicholas  Merryman  Bosley  in  the 
years  immediately  following  1803,  upon  which  date 
the  purchase  of  the  first  100  acres  was  made.  This 
was  added  to  from  time  to  time  by  the  purchase  of 
contiguous  fields,  until  560  acres  in  all  had  been 
acquired.  Col.  Bosley  erected  the  substantial  stone 
buildings  still  in  service,  the  last  to  be  constructed 
being  the  main  farmhouse,  a  photograph  of  which 
is  herewith  reproduced,  built  in  1832.  The  soil  was 
for  the  most  part  the  characteristic  red  clay  of  that 
region,  and  rested  upon  a  limestone  base.*  The 

*  Speaking  of  the  character  of  the  land  and  the  system  of  cropping 
followed  Mr.  William  D.  Merryman  says: 

"The  Hayfields  soil  is  part  limestone  and  part  rotten  rock  or 
isinglass  soil.  The  front,  about  300  acres,  is  limestone  and  the  bal- 
ance or  back  place  is  rotten  rock.  It  is  farmed  in  rotation,  corn, 
wheat,  oats  or  rye,  and  then  set  in  red  clover  and  timothy  hay.  Each 
field  is  allowed  to  remain  in  grass  about  from  three  to  five  years, 
and  is  generally  pastured  the  last  year.  There  is  one  field  that  has 
about  20  or  25  acres  that  has  not  in  my  time  nor  within  the  memory 
of  any  of  our  family  been  plowed,  and  it  has  good  bluegrass  set  on 
it  at  all  times.  It  has  been  used  for  sheep." 


HON.   JOHN  MEREYMAN. 


324  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

forage  grown  was  therefore  of  the  very  best,  and 
the  place  owes  its  name  to  the  excellence  of  its 
meadows.  Col.  Bosley  was  a  fine  type  of  the  old- 
school  landed  proprietor  of  that  period;  his  accom- 
plishments in  the  agricultural  field  were  widely  rec- 
ognized in  the  highest  circles,  a  prized  possession  of 
the  family  at  this  time  being  a  silver  tankard  pre- 
sented to  him  by  the  Marquis  de  Lafayette.  Upon 
his  death  without  issue  in  1847  he  left  the  property 
to  his  grand-niece,  the  mother  of  John  Merryman, 
with  a  life  interest  in  the  estate  to  her  husband, 
entailing  it,  after  the  English  primogeniture  prac- 
tice, to  their  eldest  son  Nicholas  Bosley  Merryman, 
who  came  into  the  title  by  the  death  of  his  mother  in 
1897. 

Early  Purchases  from  William  H.  Sotham.— John 
Merryman  had  not  been  in  possession  long  under 
his  life  tenure  until  he  decided  that  the  white-faced 
cattle  of  the  old  West  of  England  pastures  would 
look  well  on  the  green  slopes  of  Hayfields,  and  so 
in  1856  he  made  his  first  selections.  •  In  a  letter 
written  Aug.  9,  1881,  Mr.  Merryman  said:  "At  the 
New  York  State  Fair  held  at  Watertown  in  1856,  I 
purchased  from  A.  &  H.  Bowen  the  yearling  bull 
Catalpa  and  the  heifer  Lilac.  My  next  purchase  was 
from  Mr.  Sotham  and  consisted  of  13  cows  and 
heifers  and  two  bulls,  including  Blenheim  1064. " 

Writing  to  Mr.  George  Underwood,  July  27,  1875, 
Mr.  Merryman  said : 

"My  original  purchases  were  made  from  Mr.  Wm. 
H.  Sotham,  from  whom  I  got  Blenheim,  a  son  of 


326  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Charles  2d,  imported  by  George  Clark,  of  East 
Springfield,  Otsego  County,  N.  Y.  (one  of  the  best 
bulls  I  have  ever  seen).  Subsequently  I  purchased 
from  the  Board  of  Agriculture  of  Massachusetts, 
imp.  Milton,  cow  Cora  and  the  heifer  Promise, 
both  out  of  Milton,  by  imp.  Cronkhill.  Milton 
dropped  a  bull  calf  by  Cronkhill  that  I  named  Cronk- 
hill 4th,  and  bred  to  the  Sotham  cows.  I  afterwards 
purchased  from  Mr.  Stone  Admiral  by  imp.  Patriot, 
bred  by  Lord  Bateman.  Many  of  Admiral's  calves 
have  proved  large  milkers  and  good  buttermakers, 
Agnes  giving  5  gallons  1  pound  of  milk  per  day, 
yielding  12  pounds  10  ounces  butter  in  one  week; 
Bohemian  Maid,  5  gallons  1  quart  milk  and  10 
pounds  12  ounces  butter  in  one  week  in  January. ' ' 

This  is  the  only  reference  we  find  to  Geo.  Clark  as 
an  importer. 

Among  the  females  obtained  at  that  time  through 
Mr.  Sotham  were  the  imported  cows  Milton  976  and 
Miss  Tully  534.  Milton  was  bred  by  Thomas 
Longmore  of  Orleton  near  Ludlow  and  was  got  by 
Wonder  451,  of  John  Hewer's  breeding,  out  of  a 
cow  called  Old  Milton,  whose  lineage  is  unknown. 
Milton  was  calved  in  1850  and  was  therefore  six 
years  old  when  purchased.  Along  with  her  came 
her  two  daughters,  own  sisters,  Cora  1064  and 
Promise  1107,  both  by  Cronkhill  1745,  a  bull  that 
came  from  Lord  Berwick's,  a  son  of  the  celebrated 
Walford  bred  by  this  same  Thomas  Longmore  and 
a  Eoyal  celebrity  of  the  early  '50 's  extensively  used 
by  His  Lordship  at  Cronkhill.  The  other  imported 
cow,  Miss  Tully,  was  a  three-year-old  bred  by  the 
famous  fighting  parson,  Eev.  J.  E.  Smythies  of 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  327 

Lynch  Court,  whose  challenges  and  aggressive  work 
in  improving  the  breed  in  Herefordshire  were  nota- 
ble features  of  the  pre-herd-book  days  in  England. 
She  was  got  by  Expectation  1205,  a  bull  of  Jeffries- 
Hewer  derivation. 

These  were  the  cattle  mentioned  on  a  preceding 
page  as  having  been  exhibited  at  the  Massachusetts 
State  Fair  of  1858.  They  were  bought  by  Mr. 
Merryman  some  time  during  the  year  1859.  The 
cow  Milton  was  still  breeding  at  the  age  of  16  years, 
and  her  daughter  Cora  was  15  years  of  age  when 
she  gave  birth  to  Milton  2d. 

There  was  also  bought  from  Mr.  Sotham  the 
heifer  Fashion  720,  of  his  own  breeding,  got  by  the 
Hewer-bred  Charles  2d  1065.  A  bull  calf  Blenheim 
1064,  also  bred  by  Mr.  Sotham  and  sired  by  Charles 
2d,  was  purchased,  but  the  young  imported  bull 
Curly  1561  from  the  herd  of  John  Evans  of 
Knighton,  Wales,  sired  by  the  Turner-bred  Van- 
guard 142,  and  also  got  from  or  through  Mr. 
Sotham  was  the  first  stock  bull  used.  To  a  service 
by  this  latter  bull  the  cow  Milton  in  1863  gave  birth 
to  a  bull  called  Marion  1106,  that  was  used  for  stock 
purposes  as  the  herd  grew  in  size. 

Bulls  from  Stone  of  Canada.— Like  most  of  his 
contemporaries  in  the  business  of  trying  to  start 
Hereford  herds  in  the  States,  Mr.  Merryman  had 
resort  to  Moreton  Lodge.  From  Frederick  William 
Stone  he  had  the  bull  Admiral  975,  by  Patriot  26 
out  of  imp.  Gentle  of  Lord  Bateman's  breeding, 
and  also  the  bull  Canadian  968,  by  Commander  in 


328  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Chief  959  (he  by  Guelph  461)  out  of  Bonny  Lass 
6th  by  the  show  bull  Sir  Charles  543. 

Importation  of  Sir  Richard  2d.— The  Civil  War 
necessarily  restricted  the  Hereford  breeding  opera- 
tions at  Hayfields  during  the  '60  's,  but  shortly  after 
its  close  Mr.  Merryman  proceeded  with  his  plans. 
About  the  year  1869  Mr.  Merryman  sent  an  order 
to  England  for  the  purchase  of  a  bull  and  two 
heifers  in  Herefordshire,  and  in  fulfilment  thereof 
Sir  Richard  2d,  Giantess  and  Miss  Monk  were 
bought.  Sir  Eichard  2d  and  Giantess  were  both 
bred  by  J.  H.  Arkwright  of  Hampton  Court,  Leo- 
minster,  and  although  both  were  got  by  Sir  Oliver 
2d  973,  by  Sir  Benjamin  by  Sir  David,  they  had 
been  mated  before  importation,  the  produce  at  Hay- 
fields  being  the  heifer  Princess  Victoria  1057.  Miss 
Monk  was  bred  by  Daniel  Pearce  of  Monkhall  and 
the  cattle  were  brought  out  to  Baltimore  in  charge 
of  Daniel  Pearce,  Jr. 

Sir  Eichard  2d  was  about  sixteen  months  old 
when  received  and  was  at  once  put  in  service.  No 
one  dreamed  at  the  time  that  this  youngster  was 
to  prove  one  of  the  most  noted  sires  in  American 
Hereford  history,  but  amongst  the  bulls  of  his  day  it 
is  probable  that  Anxiety  alone  left  a  more  valuable 
line  of  descendants  in  this  country.  Be  this  as  it 
may,  Mr.  Merryman  was  fortunate  enough  to  draw 
this  rare  prize,  and  kept  the  bull  steadily  in  service 
until  1876.  That  was  the  year  of  the  United  States 
Government's  Centennial  Exposition  celebration  at 
Fairmount  Park,  Philadelphia.  Mr.  Duckham  had 


330  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

been  invited  out  from  England  to  judge  the  Here- 
fords.  There  was  a  considerable  gathering  of  the 
supporters  of  the  breed  upon  this  occasion,  among 
those  exhibiting  being  Mr.  H.  C.  Burleigh  of  Maine. 
Mr.  Merryman  had  cattle  on  exhibition,  showing  Sir 
Eichard  2d  against  T.  L.  Miller's  Success.  The  lat- 
ter won,  owing  to  better  fitting  and  in  an  evil  hour 
(for  Hayfields)  Mr.  Merryman  agreed  with  Mr. 
Burleigh  to  exchange  on  even  terms  Sir  Eichard  2d 
for  the  big  2,850-pound  Canadian-bred  Compton 
Lad  1327,  sired  by  Guelph  461  and  out  of  Venus 
662,  a  daughter  of  imp.  Sailor  12.  Practically  no 
service  was  had  at  Hayfields  from  Compton  Lad 
and  he  was  sent  to  the  butcher,  Mr.  Merryman  fre- 
quently consoling  himself  as  best  he  could  by  saying 
"that  is  what  you  get  for  dealing  with  a  Yankee  !"* 
This  incident,  viewed  in  the  light  of  Sir  Eichard 's 
inestimable  service  to  the  breed,  again  illustrates 
the  folly  of  disposing  of  a  sire  of  special  value, 
unless  indeed  the  offer — which  was  not  the  case  in 
this  historic  instance — be  of  such  tempting  charac- 
ter that  it  would  seem  sheer  nonsense  to  refuse  it. 
Mr.  Merryman  had  heifers  three  or  four  years  old 
at  the  time,  but  it  was  not  possible  of  course  for 
him  to  foresee  the  wonderful  career  in  store  for 
the  bull  he  had  brought  out  from  Hampton  Court 
and  so  he  exchanged  "Old  Dick,"  as  he  was  after- 

*Mr.  Merryman  had  actively  espoused  the  cause  of  the  south 
during  the  days  when  the  northern  troops  were  over-running  his 
native  state,  and  was  for  a  time  a  prisoner  at  Ft.  McHenry.  Chief 
Justice  Taney's  dissenting  opinion  to  a  Supreme  Court  decision 
denying  Mr.  Merryman  his  release  under  habeas  corpus  proceedings 
has  been  regarded  as  one  of  the  great  jurist's  most  convincing  legal 
arguments.  He  was  subsequently  released  without  trial. 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  331 

wards  affectionately  termed  in  the  west,  for  a  ton 
and  a  half  of  bull  beef  on  the  hoof.  The  story  of 
Sir  Eichard  2d's  importation  and  wanderings,  his 
great  period  of  service  in  Maine,  his  career  in  the 
Miller,  Clark,  Earl  &  Stuart  and  Culbertson  herds 
in  the  west,  is  a  bovine  romance  that  will  unfold 
itself  still  further  as  we  proceed  with  our  story  of 
how  the  Hereford  fought  his  way  into  the  favor  of 
powerful  interests  in  the  cornbelt  and  on  the  west- 
ern range.  Had  John  Merryman  done  nothing  else 
than  import  this  great  getter  of  grandly  fleshed, 
massive  cows  possessing  wonderfully  true  Hereford 
character  he  would  still  be  entitled  to  rank  as  one 
of  the  real  founders  of  the  Hereford's  good  fortune 
on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic. 

Giantess  and  Progeny. — The  imported  cow  Gian- 
tess, of  Arkwright's  breeding,  above  referred  to, 
proved  a  prolific  and  valuable  breeder  and  as  she 
was  a  half-sister  to  Sir  Eichard  2d — to  which  bull 
she  was  regularly  mated — contributed  a  valuable 
new  element  to  the  Hayfields  herd.  She  was  the 
mother  of  a  line  of  Princesses — Louise,  Charlotte 
and  Beatrice,  all  by  Sir  Eichard  2d — and  also 
dropped  the  bull  Duke  of  Edinburgh  1711,  by  Sir 
Eichard  2d,  sold  to  Col.  Lloyd  of  Easton,  Md.  She 
had  also  the  bull  Prince  of  Wales  1709,  by  Sir 
Eichard  2d.  To  a  service  by  Illinois  920  she  pro- 
duced Prince  Arthur  1708,  bought  by  B.  Hershey 
of  Muscatine,  la. 

Illinois  in  Service.— Shortly  after  the  unfortunate 
Sir  Eichard  2d  trade  Mr,  Merryman  made  a  deal 


332  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

with  T.  L.  Miller  of  Beecher,  111.,  in  which  the  bull 
Illinois  920  was  acquired.  He  was  a  son  of  the  fa- 
mous show  bull  Success  2  out  of  Kate  762,  which 
was  bred  by  Aston  of  Elyria  from  John  Bull  464 
and  Queen  of  the  West  by  Merriman  764.  Merri- 
man  was  bred  by  John  Humphries  from  imp.  Prince 
Albert  477  and  imp.  Victoria  478.  Illinois  was  quite 
worthy  of  his  good  descent,  and  after  being  used 
several  seasons  was  sold  about  1880  to  A.  A.  Crane, 
Osco,  111.  He  got  many  useful  bulls,  including  The 
Equinox  2?58,  sold  to  Mr.  Miller,  and  a  number 
bought  by  Benjamin  Hershey  of  Iowa  for  his  Ne- 
braska ranch.  Another  one  of  his  sons  was  The 
Monk  2754,  a  grandson  of  imp.  Miss  Monk,  a  bull 
sold  to  Geddis  &  Bryan  of  Ft.  Logan,  Mont.,  in  the 
days  when  Herefords  were  not  yet  plentiful  on  the 
western  range.  About  this  same  period  Mr.  Merry- 
man  also  sold  bulls  carrying  Sir  Eichard  2d  blood 
to  the  Swans  for  their  Wyoming  ranch. 

Prince  of  the  Wye  Imported. — Mr.  Merryman  vis- 
ited England  in  1878-79,  and  while  in  Herefordshire 
purchased  a  few  cattle,  including  the  yearling  bull 
Prince  of  the  Wye  1548,  bred  by  Hon.  Thomas 
Duckham.  Prince  of  the  Wye  was  sired  by  Helian- 
thus  1549,  a  son  of  King  of  the  Lilies  1551.  Heli- 
anthus  was  bred  by  the  Earl  of  Southesk  at  Kin- 
naird  Castle,  Forfarshire,  Scotland,  whose  herd  of 
" white  faces"  was  one  of  the  very  few  ever  attempt- 
ed in  North  Britain.  Along  with  Prince  of  the  Wye 
came  a  heifer,  Winifred  5th  1661,  also  from  Mr. 
Duckham 's  and, got  by  the  bull  Concord  1662  that 


334  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

was  exported  to  South  Africa.  While  in  England 
Mr.  Merryman  also  bought  from  Henry  Webb  two 
fine  Southdown  rams  for  the  Druid  Hill  Park  flock 
maintained  by  the  city  of  Baltimore. 

Prince  of  the  Wye  was  in  use  in  the  herd  until 
the  death  of  the  proprietor  in  1881,  after  which 
all  of  the  cattle  excepting  twelve  head  (including 
Prince  of  the  Wye)  were  sold  to  A.  A.  Crane,  Osco, 
111. 

Final  Dispersion.— The  twelve  head  mentioned 
were  left  to  the  late  E.  Gfettings  Merryman,  who 
continued  the  herd  until  1894  when  his  brother  Wil- 
liam D.  Merryman  took  charge  of  them  in  behalf  of 
his  mother,  until  her  decease  in  1897.  William  D. 
retained  the  cattle  until  1904  when  they  were  dis- 
persed at  auction  because  Mr.  N.  Bosley  Merry- 
man, who  inherited  Hayfields,  did  not  care  to  farm ; 
and  this  was  the  end  of  an  historic  herd. 

In  these  latter  day  operations  the  bull  Prince  of 
the  Wye  was  followed  by  Prince  de  Cote  5985,  by 
imp.  Winter  de  Cote  2977  out  of  Princess  10th  by 
Hopeful  2d  2983,  bought  of  T.  L.  Miller  in  1883. 
Eichard  3d  1716,  by  old  Sir  Richard  2d  out  of  imp. 
Miss  Monk,  was  also  used  for  a  few  years.  About 
1886  Earl  Wilton  19th  27144  was  obtained  from 
Adams  Earl.  Then  came  Franklin  31875  of  C.  K. 
Parmelee's  breeding,  got  from  S.  W.  Anderson  of 
West  Virginia.  William  D.  Merryman  brought  into 
service  Double  Anxiety  50044,  bred  by  Thomas 
Clark  and  bought  from  S.  W.  Anderson.  This  bull 
had  a  double  cross  of  Clark's  Anxiety  3d,  and  Mr. 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  335 

Merryman  says,  "I  considered  him  the  best  bull 
ever  on  the  place  excepting  Sir  Eichard  2d." 

A  Man  of  Mark. — Mr.  Merryman  was  President 
of  the  Maryland  State  Agricultural  Society  in  1857 
and  under  his  administration  successful  fairs  were 
held  at  Baltimore  and  Frederick  in  1858,  1859  and 
1860.  He  was  again  elected  president  of  the  asso- 
ciation after  its  reorganization  in  1879.  He  also 
served  his  state  in  the  legislature,  and  in  1870  was 
state  treasurer.  He  was  the  head  of  the  commercial 
fertilizer  house  of  John  Merryman  &  Co.,  of  Balti- 
more, and  in  1880  was  elected  President  of  the  old 
organization  known  as  the  United  States  Agricul- 
tural Society.  . 

Mr.  Merryman 's  heart  was  ever  at  Hayfields  and 
with  the  Herefords.  This  is  well  illustrated  by  the 
following  extract  from  a  private  letter  to  a  gentle- 
man of  his  acquaintance  written  some  years  after 
the  founding  of  the  herd : 

"I  am  as  earnestly  devoted  to  Herefords  as  you 
found  me  upon  my  arrival  at  Owego  in  January, 
1859.  At  the  last  annual  fair  of  our  state  agricul- 
tural society,  in  September  last,  my  Herefords  had 
three  gold  medals  awarded  them,  and  nine  first 
prizes,  including  one  for  best  fat  steer.  I  have  now 
owned  209  Herefords,  181  of  which  I  have  bred 
myself.  I  claim  that  they  are  the  most  valuable 
stock  for  this  vicinity,  and  for  the  purposes  of  the 
south,  being  hardy,  active  and  better  milkers  than 
the  Devon,  which  is  the  only  breed  to  compare  with 
them  for  this  section  and  south  of  us.  They  have 
also  another  great  advantage  over  Devons — their 
size,  I  slaughter  several  steers  each  year,  and  have 


336  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

never  had  any  weigh  less  than  60  pounds  beef  for 
100  pounds  live  weight.  "* 

Mr.  Merryman  probably  bred  in  all  500  Heref  ords 
during  the  years  he  was  engaged  in  the  business, 

*While  space  admonishes  that  we  must  not  linger  too  long 
over  these  early  eastern  operations,  we  feel  that  in  justice  to 
a  few  other  pioneer  Hereford  breeders  in  New  England  the  follow- 
ing notes  should  be  appended: 

Between  the  years  of  1870  and  1880  Herefords  were  brought 
into  New  Hamphsire  from  the  Canadian  provinces  of  Ontario  and 
Quebec  and  from  the  state  of  Maine.  Arthur  Clough  of  Canter- 
bury established  a  herd,  drawing  material  from  the  herd  of 
Frederick  William  Stone,  and  that  of  A.  W.  Foster,  Waterloo, 
Quebec.  Cattle  of  Mr.  Clough's  breeding  were  bought  by  J.  S. 
Hawes  during  the  later  '70's  and  doubtless  more  or  less  of  this 
blood  was  disseminated  in  the  west  after  the  removal  of  Mr. 
Hawes  to  Kansas  in  1882. 

At  Sandwich  in  1875  Isaac  D.  Smith  was  breeding  Herefords, 
having  purchased  the  cow  Annie  Holmes,  bred  by  Messrs.  Under- 
wood. About  this  time  W.  P.  Small  of  Canterbury  secured  the 
bull  General  Grant,  bred  by  Moses  B.  Bailey,  Farmington,  Me. 
It  may  be  of  interest  to  add  that  General  Grant  3154  was  a  full 
brother  to  President  2058,  which  sired  Rose  Bud  6606,  the  mater- 
nal grandam  of  Perfection  92891.  Herefords  appear  to  have  well 
maintained  their  popularity  around  Canterbury.  J.  P.  Kimball 
was  breeding  there  in  the  early  '80's,  owning  cattle  descended 
from  the  stock  of  Mr.  Clough  and  of  Mr.  Smith  of  Sandwich. 
Thomas  W.  Taylor  of  Sanbornton  was  prominent  among  New 
Hampshire  breeders  thirty  years  ago,  starting  his  herd  with 
cattle  of  Clough  breeding.  Like  J.  P.  Kimball,  Mr.  Taylor  was 
an  early  member  of  the  American  Hereford  Cattle  Breeders' 
Association.  About  thirty  years  ago  F.  W.  Towle  founded  a  herd 
at  Freedom,  purchasing  stock  of  Burleigh  &  Bodwell.  Mr.  Towle 
was  a  Boston  business  man,  and  has  continued  to  be  identified 
with  Hereford  cattle.  At  present  New  Hampshire  boasts  the 
largest  herd  of  registered  Herefords  in  New  England,  that  of  the 
Messrs.  Morrison  at  Oxford. 

The  first  list  of  membership  in  the  American  Hereford  Cattle 
Breeders'  Association  presents  the  name  of  L.  B.  Harris,  Lyndon 
Center,  Vt.  Mr.  Harris  evidently  believed  in  Hereford  blood 
fresh  from  the  fountain-head,  as  his  herd  was  made  up  exclusively 
of  imported  stock.  Among  his  cows  was  Lucy  Davies  9787,  bred 
by  John  Crane,  Shrewsbury,  Eng.  The  family  of  Crane  was  breed- 
ing Herefords  seventy  years  ago.  In  1885  the  Harris  herd  was 
headed  by  Green  Mountain  Boy  9ai5,  bred  by  Crane  &  Tanner, 
Shrawardine,  Shrewsbury,  Eng.  In  later  years  Herefords  in  Ver- 
mont have  made  marked  progress.  One  of  the  largest  herds  is 


FIRST    AMERICAN    IMPORTATIONS  337 

many  of  the  best  of  which  found  their  way  north 
and  west  and  exerted  a  useful  and  valuable  influence 
in  the  upbuilding  of  the  Hereford  trade  throughout 
the  nation. 


that  of  E.  H.  White,  East  Corinth.  One  of  the  most  recently 
established  is  that  of  A.  J.  Higgins,  St.  Johnsbury. 

In  1855  a  little  band  of  "white  faces"  headed  by  old  Cronkhill 
of  Walford  parentage,  whose  sponser  was  Lord  Berwick,  invaded 
the  southeast  corner  of  Vermont,  and  got  a  foothold  in  Brattle- 
boro  on  the  farm  of  Mr.  Goodell.  Three  years  previously  these 
pioneer  cattle  had  crossed  the  Atlantic  under  the  ownership  of 
L.  A.  Dowley  of  Boston.  While  it  is  now  impossible  to  chronicle 
what  fate  befell  them  in  the  Green  Mountain  State,  we  know  that 
Cronkhill  remained  there  long  enough  to  enrich  with  his  inherited 
treasures  the  cattle  interests  of  New  England;  and  the  red  cur- 
rent which  came  to  him  through  Walford,  Clungerford  and  Dine- 
dor  flows  on  in  the  Fairfaxes  of  the  twentieth  century. 

Connecticut's;  older  shareholders  in  the  American  Hereford 
Cattle  Breeders'  Association  are  C.  P.  Gaylord,  Terryville;  Caleb 
Humiston,  Thomaston;  W.  B.  King  &  Son,  Suffield,  and  L.  J.  Miller, 
Cannon.  Mr.  Gaylord's  herd  has  long  been  well  and  widely 
known.  It  was  founded  on  Burleigh  &  Bodwell  stock,  and  skillful 
breeding  has  maintained  its  excellence.  It  may  yet  be  proved 
that  the  high-priced  lands  of  Connecticut  and  Rhode  Island  can 
pay  a  profit  when  stocked  with  "white  faces."  The  New  England 
Hereford  Breeders'  Association  was  organized  at  White  River 
Junction,  Vt..  Sept.  15,  1914,  and  this  association  proposes  to 
demonstrate  the  fact  that  Herefords  can  thrive  on  "wooden  nut- 
megs" better  than  any  other  breed  of  cattle  on  earth. 


CHAPTER  VII. 
A  FOOTING  GAINED  IN  THE  MIDDLE  WEST. 

From  the  early  eastern  stocks  mentioned  in  the 
foregoing  chapter  the  fame  of  the  Hereford  grad- 
ually expanded  westward.  But  the  available  supply 
of  cattle  was  limited  and  the  paralyzing  effects  of 
the  great  Civil  War  from  1861  to  1865  operated  for 
several  years  after  its  close  to  prevent  any  wide- 
spread extension  of  the  work  of  live  stock  improve- 
ment until  the  business  of  the  country  had  recovered 
from  the  shock.  By  1870  the  interest  of  western  cat- 
tle-growers in  Herefords  was  obviously  increasing, 
and  those  who  believed  that  there  was  a  bright  fu- 
ture for  the  breed  in  the  newer  west  planned  to  push 
their  claims  for  recognition  with  renewed  vigor. 

Gov.  Crapo's  Experiments. — One  of  the  earliest 
introductions  of  Hereford  blood  into  the  state  of 
Michigan  was  that  made  by  Governor  Crapo  of 
Flint,  who  in  1866  began  experimenting  with  Short- 
horns, Devons  and  Herefords.  The  latter  were  from 
the  herd  of  Mr.  Stone  of  Guelph,  and  included  the 
bull  Velvet  Jacket,  then  two  years  old,  and  three 
heifers  of  like  age.  The  Shorthorns  were  obtained 
from  Hon.  Ezra  Cornell  of  Ithaca.,  N.  Y.,  and  the 
Devons  from  good  sources  in  the  same  state.  Speak- 
ing of  the  result  of  Governor  Crapo's  experiment, 

338 


FOOTING    GAINED    IN    MIDDLE    WEST  339 

Mr.  A.  S.  Harrington  in  a  communication  written  to 
the  Nebraska  ' '  State  Journal ' '  during  the  year  1881 
said: 

"The  three  breeds  were  treated  alike  as  to  food 
and  shelter.  The  grades  grazed  upon  the  same  pas- 
ture in  summer  and  fed  at  the  same  racks  in  winter. 
The  first  year  sixty  native  heifers  were  procured 
and  served,  twenty  going  to  each  bull,  and  this  is 
about  the  number  of  calves  raised  each  year.  The 
result  was  that  after  twelve  years '  experience  with 
these  three  noted  and  distinct  breeds  of  beef  cattle, 
giving  them  all  an  equal  chance  from  first  to  last, 
Mr.  Crapo  adopted  the  Herefords,  and  bred  the 
Devons  and  their  grades,  and  the  Shorthorns  and 
their  grades,  to  Hereford  bulls.  He  was  convinced 
that  for  farmers  in  general  the  Herefords  were  more 
profitable  than  the  others  because  they  mature 
earlier,  are  more  hardy,  less  liable  to  disease,  are 
better  feeders  and  grazers,  fatten  on  less  food  in 
their  stalls,  and  keep  in  flesh  at  all  seasons  of  the 
year,  and  when  killed  produce  more  dressed  beef  to 
the  hundredweight  gross  live  weight,  and  alive  or 
dressed  command  a  more  ready  sale  where  the  quali- 
ties of  their  meat  are  known.  It  must  be  borne  in 
mind  that  at  the  time  the  experiment  was  made  the 
Shorthorns  were  the  fashionable  breed,  and  brought 
large  and  remunerative  prices,  as  also  did  the 
Devons,  while  the  Herefords  went  begging  for  buy- 
ers at  mere  nominal  prices.  Mr.  Crapo 's  foreman 
and  herdsman  were  both  Shorthorn  admirers,  and 
did  not  at  first  take  kindly  to  the  ' white  faces,'  but 
the  Herefords  worked  themselves  up  against  all  op- 
position from  every  quarter." 

Mr.  Edwin  Phelps  of  Pontiac  also  fed  Shorthorns 
and  Herefords  side  by  side  for  several  years,  and 
was  led  to  the  conclusion  that  Herefords  could  be 


340  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

fattened  on  less  feed  than  Shorthorns,  and  when 
sold  brought  more  money.  He  also  testified  that  the 
Hereford  was  hardier  and  more  easily  maintained. 
Thomas  Foster,  of  Flint,  at  one  time  a  breeder  of 
Devon  cattle  in.  Michigan,  gave  them  up  and  adopt- 
ed Herefords  after  having  become  convinced  of  their 
superiority  for  his  purposes. 

Humphries  and  Aldrich  Active.— Of  the  Ohio 
breeders  of  this  period  one  of  the  most  enterprising 
was  the  late  William  W.  Aldrich.  Born  at  Dover 
in  Cuyahoga  county,  he  worked  on  his  father's  farm 
until  twenty-one  years  of  age.  He  purchased  from 
Mr.  Bassett,  his  father-in-law,  a  farm  of  165  acres 
near  Dover,  which  he  operated  until  1870.  In  the 
meantime  he  had  become  interested  in  the  Here- 
fords,  and  finally  bought  the  Aston  herd.  As  the 
Bassett  farm  was  then  some  12  miles  from  the  rail- 
way, it  was  not  a  convenient  point  from  which  to 
carry  on  the  business  of  breeding,  exhibiting  and 
selling  cattle.  For  this  reason  Mr.  Aldrich  removed 
to  a  place  near  Elyria  about  1870.  He  at  once  be- 
came active  in  the  trade,  among  his  purchases  being 
that  of  the  bull  Goldendrop  from  Frederick  William 
Stone.  At  the  Ohio  State  Fair  of  1870  he  sold  a  bull 
calf  five  months  old  and  weighing  500  pounds  for 
$500.  In  reporting  this  sale  to  the  press  Mr.  Aldrich 
said:  "I  have  one  cow  which  has  raised  a  calf 
every  year  of  the  last  four,  and  has  not  ceased  to 
give  milk  during  the  time." 

The  Illinois  and  St.  Louis  Shows  of  1871.— 
Mr.  Aldrich  was  not  slow  to  grasp  the  opportunity 


W.   W.   ALDRICH. 


342  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

to  exploit  his  favorites  afforded  by  the  columns  of 
the  then  newly  established  magazine,  the  "National 
Live-Stock  Journal' ',  of  which  the  late  James  H. 
Sanders — who  subsequently  founded  "The  Breed- 
er's Gazette"  —  was  godfather.  The  Illinois  State 
Board  of  Agriculture  had  finally  agreed  to  set  up  a 
class  for  Herefords  and  offered  the  same  money 
prizes  as  for  other  breeds,  whereupon  Mr.  Aldrich 
decided  to  ' '  carry  the  war  into  Africa. ' '  According- 
ly we  find  him  writing  to  the  Chicago  periodical 
above  named  in  the  summer  of  1871,  to  this  effect : 

"I  have  seen  Mr.  Humphries,  and  he  will  go  with 
me  to  the  Illinois  State  Fair.  We  shall  not  attend 
our  state  fair.  Illinois  has  done  nobly  in  offering 
liberal  premiums,  and  we  appreciate  it,  and  will 
patronize  her.  I  intend  to  put  a  bull  and  five  cows 
and  nine  calves  on  that  fair  grounds  which  will  do 
stockmen  good  to  look  at  and  handle.  Mr.  Humph- 
ries' stock  is  in  good  show  condition — the  best  I 
ever  saw  them.  I  shall  bring  old  Duchess  and  two 
calves  she  raised  this  summer.  I  think  there  will 
be  the  best  lot  of  Herefords  shown  at  Duquoin  this 
fall  ever  shown  at  any  one  fair  in  America. ' ' 

The  Ohio  cattle  were  shown  that  year  at  Cleve- 
land, Elyria,  the  Illinois  State  Fair  at  Duquoin, 
and  St.  Louis,  which  was  at  that  date  and  for  years 
later  the  leading  agricultural  show  of  America.  Evi- 
dently this  swing  round  the  circuit  was  productive  of 
good  results,  and  Mr.  Aldrich 's  own  testimony  as 
to  his  reception  proves  that  he  encountered  neither 
active  hostility  nor  unfairness  towards  the  new  type. 
He  says: 

"At  the  Illinois  State  Fair  I  showed  sixteen  head, 


FOOTING    GAINED    IN    MIDDLE    WEST  343 

and  took  first  and  second  prizes  on  all  I  had  in  their 
class,  amounting  to  $265.  George  West  took  first 
prize  on  yearling  bull  and  heifer,  being  two  calves  I 
sold  him  last  year,  owned  at  Kinmundy,  111.  There 
were  brought  into  the  ring  of  sweepstakes  herds  five 
herds,  all  Shorthorns  except  my  own.  I  took  second 
prize.  The  Illinois  fair  was  all  and  more  than  I  had 
anticipated.  The  premiums,  being  equal  for  all 
breeds  of  cattle,  gave  satisfaction  to  all  breeders. 
The  drouth  and  location  were  decidedly  against  the 
fair ;  but  everything  that  could  be  done  on  the  part 
of  the  officers  and  superintendents  of  the  different 
departments  was  done  for  all  exhibitors,  and  we  all 
enjoyed  it,  and  felt  well  satisfied. 

"The  next  was  the  St.  Louis  Fair — the  fair  of  all 
fairs.  I  took  all  that  was  offered  on  Herefords  at 
this  fair.  The  show  of  Herefords,  Alderneys,  and 
Ayrshires  was  so  much  above  expectations,  that  they 
gave  them  all  additional  premiums.  I  have  but  one 
suggestion  to  make  in  regard  to  this  fair,  viz.,  that 
they  take  pattern  from  Illinois  in  giving  equal  prem- 
iums to  all  breeds  of  cattle,  and  also  build  one  hun- 
dred more  cattle  stalls,  and  then  their  fair  would 
seem  perfect. 

"As  this  was  my  first  trip  west,  to  attend  the  Illi- 
nois and  St.  Louis  fairs,  I  must  say  I  was  very  hap- 
pily disappointed  at  both  fairs;  they  have  got  the 
right  men  in  the  right  place,  and  everything  moves 
like  clock-work.  And  another  thing,  when  one  meets 
there  such  men  as  J.  H.  Pickrell,  Edward  lies  and 
Stephen  Dunlap  of  Illinois,  Shrophire  of  Kentucky 
and  Col.  King  of  Minnesota,  it  is  of  no  use  to  look 
for  more  obliging  and  gentlemanly  men,  or  better 
breeders.  I  wish  here  to  express  my  heartfelt 
thanks  to  the  president,  directors  and  managers  of 
the  Illinois  and  St.  Louis  fairs,  for  their  kindness 


344  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

to  me  while  there,  hoping  to  meet  them  again  at 
their  next  fairs." 

The  Burleighs  Bring  Herefords  Into  Iowa. — 
A  two-column  report  of  the  Iowa  State  Fair  of  1871, 
held  at  Cedar  Eapids,  published  in  the  "National 
Live-Stock  Journal",  contains  a  two-line  report  on 
the  Hereford  show  as  follows : 

"Messrs.  J.  H.  &  G.  S.  Burleigh  of  Mechanicsville, 
la.,  had  some  Herefords  on  exhibition. ' ' 

We  find  no  reference  to  the  breed's  appearance  in 
Iowa  prior  to  this  date.  As  a  mere  boy  helping  with 
his  father's  exhibits  of  live  stock,  the  writer  at- 
tended all  the  Iowa  state  fairs  of  the  early  "seven- 
ties '  \  and  while  he  has  a  distinct  recollection  of  the 
Elliott  &  Kent  and  other  Shorthorn  herds  in  compe- 
tition, he  now  recalls  no  Hereford  entries.  That  they 
were  sparingly  shown  in  that  state  as  early  as  1871 
is,  however,  a  matter  of  record.  -— - 

The  Burleighs  here  mentioned  were  brothers  of 
Mr.  Hall  C.  Burleigh  of  Maine,  mentioned  in  the 
preceding  chapter.  The  father,  John  Rogers  Bur- 
leigh, had  begun  to  farm  near  Waterville,  Me.,  in 
the  early  "twenties"  upon  a  tract  of  land  so  rocky 
that  his  descendants,  revisiting  the  old  home  and 
recalling  the  traditions  as  to  his  accomplishments 
there,  marveled  that  any  man  could  have  wrested  even 
a  sustenance  from  such  a  shallow  soil.  But  typical 
son  of  New  England  that  he  was,  with  sound  old 
British  blood  flowing  in  his  veins,  keen  and  far-see- 
ing in  business,  with  as  high  a  sense  of  honor  and 
right  living  as  any  man  ever  possessed,  John  Eog- 


FOOTING    GAINED    IN    MIDDLE    WEST  345 

ers  Burleigh  conquered  all  obstacles  and  held,  with 
his  large  family,  a  prominent  position  in  the  com- 
munity. 

In  those  days  there  were  few  Herefords  in  the 
elder  Burleigh 's  country,  but  he  was  interested  in 
good  live  stock,  and  was  considered  a  good  judge  of 
quality  and  fond  of  possessing  the  best  to  be  had. 
Maine  was  then  the  home  of  many  good  Shorthorns 
and  his  pastures  and  barns  always  contained  repre- 
sentatives of  that  breed.  Gradually  the  Hereford 
blood  found  its  way  into  the  herds  of  that  state,  as 
already  sketched,  bringing  always  a  hardiness  and 
feeding  quality  that  rendered  it  peculiarly  adapted 
to  the  harsh  climate  and  not  over-fertile  soil.  Cat- 
tlemen began  to  make  comparisons,  and  soon  the 
' ' white  faces"  were  attracting  attention  everywhere. 
On  the  Burleigh  farm  they  found  high  favor. 

In  1852  John  Eogers  Burleigh  moved  west,  taking 
with  him  his  two  sons,  John  H.  and  Oilman  S.  An- 
other son,  Hall  C.  Burleigh,  purchased  the  old  farm 
and  followed  in  his  father's  footsteps,  constantly 
improving  and  increasing  the  cattle  stock.  In  1864 
a  larger  and  better  farm  was  bought  by  H.  C.  Bur- 
leigh, and  with  his  cattle  carrying  the  Shorthorn 
blood,  of  which  he  was  then  an  ardent  admirer,  the 
1  'white  faces"  soon  began  to  mingle. 

Few  men  in  New  England  studied  the  relative 
merits  of  the  two  breeds  more  carefully  than  did 
Hall  C.  Burleigh.  Buying  and  shipping  to  the  Bos- 
ton market  cattle  from  a  large  territory  and  having 
opportunity  to  study  the  cattle  through  all  stages 


346  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

of  growth  and  feeding  and  to  observe  results  at  the 
block,  he  finally  cast  his  lot  with  the  Herefords,  as 
has  already  been  noted,- and  through  thirty  years  his 
allegiance  to  them  never  wavered.  Further  refer- 
ence to  his  subsequent  extensive  importations  from 
England  will  be  made  in  these  chronicles. 

It  was  in  1867  that  Messrs.  John  H.  Burleigh 
and  Oilman  S.  Burleigh  settled  at  Mechanicsville, 
la.,  and  in  1869  they  decided  to  engage  in  breeding 
Herefords.  Their  foundation  stock  was  bought 
mainly  from  Frederick  William  Stone,  and  carried 
the  blood  of  Guelph  461,  Sir  Charles  543,  and  other 
noted  sires  of  that  day.  Cupid  692,  and  his  son  Cu- 
pid 2d  691,  seem  to  have  been  used  freely  in  the 
newly  established  herd.  Cupid  692  was  by  Golden 
Drop,  the  bull  bought  by  Mr.  Aldrich  from  Mr.  Stone 
and  taken  to  Ohio.  Iowa  Chief  834,  by  Stone's 
Sailor  Prince,  was  also  in  service  early.  They  also 
used  the  bull  Advance  1,  the  first  animal  of  record 
in  the  American  Hereford  Herd  Book.  Advance  was 
bred  by  T.  L.  Miller,  whose  great  activity  in  the 
west  began  about  this  time. 

John  H.  Burleigh  and  Oilman  S.  Burleigh  di- 
vided their  herd  after  the  co-partnership  had  existed 
for  a  few  years,  the  latter  engaging  extensively  in 
the  breeding  and  exhibition  of  the  " white  faces"  for 
a  long  series  of  years,  and  attaining  national  promi- 
nence. John  H.  Burleigh  also  bred  Herefords  for 
many  years,  until  failing  health  compelled  him, 
shortly  before  his  death  in  1892  at  the  age  of  83,  to 
part  with  his  favorites. 


FOOTING  GAINED  IN  MIDDLE  WEST.          347 

Mr.  G.  S.  ("Gil")  Burleigh  in  his  time  exhibited 
many  high-class  Herefords  at  western  fairs.  In 
1880  he  advertised  Herefords  effectually,  with  the 
cow  Princess  B.  1777,  of  his  own  breeding,  winning 
many  prizes.  She  was  also  a  successful  breeder,  her 
progeny  commanding  high  prices.  Her  son,  the  bull 
Prince  Imperial,  sold  for  $1,000.  Moss  Eose  1787, 
another  of  Mr.  Burleigh 's  best  show  cows,  was  also  a 
good  breeder.  He  was  a  frequent  exhibitor  at  the 
old  Chicago  Fat  Stock  Show,  always  making  credit- 
able presentations.  In  1883  he  had  first  prize  in  the 
''cost  of  production "  class  on  the  heifer  Hattie,  of 
his  own  breeding  and  feeding.  Another  good  one 
was  the  crossbred  heifer  Minnie,  bought  from  Bur- 
leigh &  Bodwell  as  a  two-year-old,  and  exhibited  by 
them  throughout  the  east.  This  heifer  weighed  at 
maturity  over  2,000  pounds.  Mr.  Burleigh  owned 
and  used  the  great  bull  imp.  Anxiety  2d  4580,  and 
his  son  Troubadour  10220,  also  Hampton  Hero  12- 
444  and  2d  Duke  of  Manchester.  Anxiety  2d  was  at 
one  time  a  feature  of  the  leading  western  shows  and 
tied  the  famous  Eudolph  for  his  ribbon  at  St.  Louis. 

After  closing  out  his  herd  at  auction  at  Kansas 
City  in  April,  1885,  with  an  average  of  $404.70  for 
the  females  and  $293.10  for  the  bulls,  G.  S.  Burleigh 
moved  back  to  Vassalboro,  Me.,  where  he  kept  a 
small  herd  of  Herefords  for  some  time,  headed  by 
Lancer  94024,  a  son  of  Sotham's  Corrector.  Mean- 
time he  has  also  maintained  a  herd  at  Mechanicsville, 
la.  Since  1905  he  has  resided  at  Southern  Pines, 
North  Carolina. 


348  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

T.  L.  Miller  the  Great  Promoter. — Early  in 
the  "  seven  ties "  a  Chicago  business  man  who  was 
destined  to  exert  a  far-reaching  influence  upon  the 
fortunes  of  the  Hereford  in  the  west  became  inter- 
ested. This  was  the  late  T.  L.  Miller,  whose  farm  at 
Beecher,  Will  Co.,  111.,  soon  afterwards  became  the 
center  of  the  greatest  American  activity  in  the  Here- 
ford trade. 

Mr.  Miller  was  born  at  Middletown,  Conn.,  on 
April  7,  1817.  In  1842  he  went  to  Cuyahoga  Falls, 
0.,  where  he  was  in  business  until  1856,  when  he  re- 
moved to  Chicago,  111.  Here  he  was  in  the  fire  and 
life  insurance  business  until  about  1870.  He  had 
bought  the  first  320  acres  of  his  farm  at  Beecher, 
from  the  United  States  Government.  Afterwards  he 
added  to  it  until  he  had  540  acres  at  Beecher  and 
207  acres  3  miles  to  the  north.  He  commenced  to 
improve  the  farm  with  buildings  in  1862.  His  near- 
est railroad  station  then  was  Monee,  on  the  Illinois 
Central.  In  1870  the  Chicago,  Danville  &  Vincennes 
Eailroad  was  built,  and  Mr.  Miller  bought  about  340 
acres  of  additional  land  to  the  west  of  that  already 
acquired  and  laid  out  the  village  of  Beecher.  He 
closed  out  his  business  in  Chicago  and  went  to  live 
on  this  Highland  Stock  Farm  in  March,  1870.  A 
few  years  later  he  laid  the  foundation  for  his  herd  of 
Hereford  cattle. 

William  Powell,  an  Englishman  who  later  on  bred 
and  handled  Herefords  extensively  on  his  own  ac- 
count, both  in  Illinois  and  Texas,  was  jointly  inter- 
ested with  Mr.  Miller  in  some  of  his  earlier  ventures 


T.   L.    MILLER. 


350  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD  CATTLE 

in  Herefords.    An  item  in  the  "National  Live-Stock 
Journal"  for  February,  1872,  reads  as  follows: 

"We  learn  that  Messrs.  Byers  and  Campbell,  of 
Nevada,  0.,  have  sold  to  Messrs.  T.  L.  Miller  and 
Wm.  Powell  of  Highland  Stock  Farm,  Beecher, 
Will  Co.,  111.,  an  undivided  half  interest  in  three 
Hereford  cows  and  two  bulls  and  thirty-six  purebred 
Cotswold  sheep.  It  is  Mr.  Byers'  intention  to  start 
for  England  about  April  1,  for  the  purpose  of  obtain- 
ing more  Hereford  cattle. " 

Sir  Charles.— In  the  summer  of  1872  Mr.  Miller 
bought  the  famous  Canadian  show  bull  Sir  Charles 
(3434),  then  five  years  old  and  weighing  about  2,700 
pounds,  from  Frederick  William  Stone  of  Guelph, 
for  the  sum  of  $1,000  in  gold,  which  with  the  prem- 
ium then  commanded  by  the  yellow  metal  equaled 
$1,300.  This  was  the  first  high-priced  Hereford 
brought  into  the  west.  Mr.  Miller  was  a  great  be- 
liever in  advertising,  and  one  of  his  first  acts  after 
acquiring  old  Sir  Charles  was  to  arrange  to  have  him 
sketched  by  E.  H.  Dewey,  just  then  entering  upon 
his  career  as  a  live  stock  artist.  This  was  the  be- 
ginning of  an  active  campaign  of  newspaper  and 
showyard  publicity  that  gave  Hereford  stock  its 
first  sharp  upward  turn  in  the  western  cattle  trade. 
Sir  Charles '  picture  was  the  frontispiece  in  the  issue 
of  the  old  "Journal"  for  September,  1872,  and  in 
the  following  number  another  of  those  queer  old- 
fashioned  wood  cuts  appeared  bearing  this  legend: 
"Hereford  cow  belonging  to  Miller  &  Powell,  Beech- 
er, 111."  She  was  an  old  "line-back"  with  calf  at 
foot.  Sir  Charles  went  to  the  butcher  at  10  years 


FOOTING    GAINED    IN    MIDDLE    WEST  351 

old  weighing  2,550  pounds,  bringing  a  price  per 
cwt.  equal  to  that  paid  for  the  best  bullock  sold  that 
day  and  dressing  70  per  cent  net  to  gross. 

Repulsed  by  the  Shorthorns  in  1872.— Pickrell, 
Kissinger,  Ryburn,  Shropshire,  Allman  and  lies 
were  putting  up  a  great  Shorthorn  show  at  the  Illi- 
nois State  Fair  that  year,  the  famous  Baron  Booth 
of  Lancaster  being  the  answer  of  the  Shorthorn 
contingent  to  the  charge  that  their  breed  was  lack- 
ing in  flesh  and  constitution.  The  Baron  was  an 
imported  mixed-bred  Booth-Cruickshank  bull — a 
blending  of  two  bloods  which  at  that  date  were  be- 
ing virtually  ignored-  by  American  Shorthorn 
breeders  in  all  their  calculations.  It  was  evident 
that  the  fashionable  Bates-bred  bulls  of  that  time 
were  not  of  heavy  enough  calibre  to  stand  the  test 
of  close  showyard  comparison  with  the  intruders 
of  Herefordshire  origin. 

Mr.  Miller  was  nothing  if  not  aggressive  in  be- 
half of  the  breed  he  always  called  the  "Hur- 
fords."*  That  Romanesque  visage  meant  fight. 
The  new  firm  of  Miller  &  Powell  went  after  the 
arch  enemy  at  the  Illinois  show  just  mentioned  with 
Sir  Charles  at  the  head  of  a  full  show  herd  which 
included  such  females  as  Beauty,  Belle,  Sophia, 
Pair  Maid,  Violet,  Anna  and  Laura.  With  these 
they  made  a  clean  sweep  in  the  Hereford  class,  C. 
H.  West  being  the  only  competitor.  In  those  days, 
and  for  many  succeeding  years,  the  breeds  were  al- 

*This  American  corruption  was  matched  by  a  pronunciation 
often  heard  among  the  English  herdsman— " 'air-y-f 


352  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

lowed  to  come  together  for  a  "  sweepstakes "  con- 
test. The  result  upon  this  occasion,  however,  was 
adverse  to  the  new  and  comparatively  unknown 
" white  faces",  and  the  drubbing  was  repeated  at 
St.  Louis.  But  these  reverses  only  served  to  rouse 
the  ire  and  re-double  the  zeal  of  the  new  com- 
mander of  the  Hereford  camp.  There  would  come 
a  day  of  reckoning! 

Gradually  matters  were  shaping  themselves  for 
a  more  successful  presentation  of  Hereford  claims. 
Thomas  Clark,  then  of  Elyria,  was  already  giving 
promise  of  doing  things  worth  while,  and  George 
Morgan,  another  Herefordshire  man,  had  come  to 
America.  Both  cooperated  with  Miller  at  Beech- 
er.  Mr.  Clark  subsequently  became  one  of  the 
west's  foremost  breeders  of  Herefords,  and  Mr. 
Morgan,  as  an  agent,  helped  to  write  important 
chapters  in  American  Hereford  history. 

Thomas  Clark's  First  Steps.— In  1869  a  young 
man  named  Thomas  Clark,  then  in  his  twenty-sev- 
enth year,  rented  an  80-acre  farm  near  Elyria,  0., 
at  $5  per  acre.  Clark  was  born  in  Herefordshire, 
near  the  Monmouth  border,  in  1842.  His  father 
was  a  cattle-grower  of  local  repute  who  used  pure- 
bred Hereford  bulls  but  did  not  profess  to  be  a 
handler  of  the  pedigreed  strains.  The  son  had 
come  out  to  the  states  in  the  spring  of  1866  and 
after  working  for  a  time  on  a  farm  near  Pittsfield, 
0.,  was  employed  by  a  Cleveland  butcher  having 
a  large  city  trade.  Thrifty,  and  possessed  of  an 
in-born  faith  in  the  " white  faces"  of  his  native 


THOS.   CLARK. 


354  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

land,  by  dint  of  hard  work  and  economy  in  the 
course  of  a  few  years  Clark  found  himself  in  a  po- 
sition to  get  into  business  in  a  small  way  on  nis 
own  account.  As  foreman  and  cutter  in  Cleveland 
he  acquired  a  practical  familiarity  with  what  lies 
under  a  bullock's  hide  that  was  of  distinct  ad- 
vantage in  his  subsequent  career  as  a  breeder  and 
feeder  of  good  cattle.  He  had  an  interest  in  his 
brother-in-law's  little  butcher  shop  in  Elyria,  but 
his  own  fondness  for  the  fields  led  him  to  give 
most  of  his  time  to  the  80  acres  he  had  under  lease 
near  town.* 


*In  view  of  the  extraordinary  success  afterwards  attained  by 
Mr.  Clark  in  the  American  Hereford  trade,  his  own  narration  of 
how  he  first  "got  on  his  feet"  in  Ohio  will  be  of  interest  and 
should  serve  as  an  inspiration  to  young-  men  of  today.  He  says: 

"The  party  to  whom  I'  engaged  myself  as  a  farmhand  when 
I  first  arrived  in  America  was  well  acquainted  with  a  Mr.  Pro- 
bert,  the  owner  of  a  meat  market  in  Cleveland.  He  also  was  an 
Englishman  and  hearing  that  I  was  anxious  to  obtain  employ- 
ment sent  for  me  to  come  to  Cleveland  and  see  him.  I  responded 
and  when  I  met  him  he  said:  'You  are  working  on  a  farm?  Do 
you  not  think  you  would  like  a  job  at  butchering?'  I  told  him 
I  had  never  done  any  butchering,  adding,  'But  I  am  open  to 
anything  I  can  do  and  make  a  living  at.  I  am  out  here  to  do 
the  best  I  can.'  He  said,  'I  will  tell  you  what  I  will  do  when 
your  time  is  up.'  I  went  back  to  the  farm  for  eight  weeks  but 
took  sick  during  that  period,  losing  that  much  time,  so  I  had 
to  stay  ten  weeks.  As  soon  as  the  ten  weeks  were  up,  I  went 
back  to  Cleveland  and  Mr.  Probert  said,  'I  can  give  you  a  job 
in  the  pork  room  at  so  much  a  month  and  your  board.'  I  said, 
'I  am  not  here  to  ask  for  wages.  I  am  here  to  work,  and  if  I 
am  of  any  use  to  you  I  would  like  to  get  something  for  it  and 
if  not,  you  can,  of  course,  discharge  me  at  any  time.' 

"I  worked  in  the  pork  room  there  for  about  six  months  and 
finally  he  said  to  me,  'I  want  you  to  come  into  the  market.' 
There  were  seven  of  us  in  the  market,  cutting.  I  worked  as 
one  of  the  cutters  for  about  a  year.  Finally  the  foreman  of  the 
market  took  sick.  I  had  been  there  at  that  time  for  about 
twelve  months,  but  had  never  asked  for  a  raise;  but  the  pro- 
prietor said  to  me,  'Thomas,  I  am  going  to  give  you  $20  a  month 
and  after  awhile  I  will  raise  you  again.'  I  said,  'I  have  never 
asked  for  a  raise  and  whatever  you  think  I  am  worth  I  will 
work  for.'  He  said,  'The  foreman  is  leaving  and  I  want  you  to 
take  charge  of  the  market.'  I  said,  'That  is  a  pretty  big  thing 
for  me  to  undertake.  Here  are  men  who  have  been  here  10  or 
12  years.  It  does  not  look  right  for  me  to  take  hold  and  be 
foreman  of  this  market.'  He  said,  'I  want  you  to  do  it.'  I  said, 
'I  don't  think  I  can  undertake  it.'  He  said,  'I  know  you  can. 

"When   I  went   in   as  foreman   he  raised   my   wages  to   $60. 
never  asked   to   get   a   raise   because   I   did   not   think   I   could    fill 
that  position.     It  was  a  big  thing  for  me.     I  had  to  weigh  meats 


FOOTING    GAINED    IN    MIDDLE    WEST  355 

Mr.  Clark's  first  venture  was  the  purchase  of  the 
bull  Sir  Arthur  (705),  by  Sir  Charles  (543), 
from  F.  W.  Stone  of  Canada.  He  picked  this  calf 
only  to  find  that  the  owner  would  not  price  him. 
The  young  man  wanted  a  Cotswold  ram  also  and 
when  he  found  difficulty  in  getting  the  calf  he 
wanted  he  informed  Mr.  Stone  that  he  would  not 
take  one  without  the  other,  whereupon  a  deal  for 
both  was  promptly  closed.  It  appears  from  this  lit- 
tle incident  that  Mr.  Clark's  shrewdness  both  as 
a  buyer  and  as  a  salesman,  afterwards  so  generally 

and  look  after  orders  and  I  thought  it  was  more  than  I  could 
handle.  I  was  about  a  year  there  when  he  said,  'Thomas,  I  am 
going  to  raise  your  wages  again.  I  said,  'That  is  all  right  as 
far  as  I  am  concerned;  I  am  very  glad,  but  I  didn't  ask  you.' 
He  said,  'I  will  give  you  $75  a  month  and  your  board.'  I  said,  'I 
should  not  ask  you  for  any  more  than  I  am  getting,  but  if  I 
can  earn  it  I  am  glad  to  accept  it.'  I  worked  there  at  $75  a 
month  for  the  next  year.  So  finally  at  the  end  of  the  year  I 
made  arrangements  to  move  to  Elyria. 

"Mr.  Probert  came  to  me  one  Saturday  after  the  market  was 
closed  and  said,  'Is  it  a  fact  that  you  are  going  to  leave?'  I  said, 
'Yes,  that's  what  I  intend  to  do,  Mr.  Probert.'  I  told  him  I  was 
going  to  get  married  and  was  also  going  into  the  cattle  busi- 
ness. I  said,  'I  have  been  among  those  cattle  all  my  life  and 
I  feel  out  of  place  in  the  market.'  He  said,  'I  don't  see  what 
you  want  to  do  that  for.'  I  said,  'Well,  I  think  some  day  or 
another  I  will  make  a  cattleman.'  He  said,  'You  need  not  leave 
on  account  of  wages.  If  you  want  your  wages  raised  I  will  raise 
them  for  you.'  I  said,  'I  don't  ask  you  for  a  raise.  I  think  you 
are  paying  me  every  bi't  I  am  earning  but  I  have  made  up  my 
mind  to  start  for  myself  and  want  to  raise  some  cattle  and 
mean  to  get  a  little  farm  outside  of  the  butcher  business.'  He 
said,  'I  think  you  are  making  a  mistake.'  I  said,  'I  may  be,  but 
my  ambition  is  to  be  some  place  where  I  can  raise  cattle.'  He 
said,  'I  will  give  you  $100  a  month.'  I  said,  'I  appreciate  your 
offer  and  kindness  but  I  have  made  arrangements  to  go  to  Elyria 
and  start  a  market.  I  have  a  brother-in-law  up  there  and  I 
thought  as  long  as  we  went  into  the  market  together  I  could 
also  run  a  farm.'  He  said,  'Well,  maybe  you  are  right.'  When 
the  time  came  for  me  to  leave,  he  said  to  me  when  we  settled 
up,  'Thomas,  I  hate  to  have  you  leave.  It  may  be  best  for  you 
but  I  think  you  have  made  a  mistake.  But  I  tell  you  if  ever  you 
want  $500  or  $1,000  or  $5,000  you  can  come  to  me  and  get  it.'  1 
thanked  him  and  then  left. 

"After  this  I  went  into  business  with  my  brother-in-law,  Mr. 
Heal.  We  hadn't  any  money  to  buy  a  farm  but  I  rented  a  little 
land  near  town.  I  said  to  him,  I  will  do  the  buying  of  the 
cattle  for  you  to  butcher;  or  if  at  any  time  you  want  to  go  out 
and  buy,  I  will  tend  the  market.'  So  I  rented  the  farm  and 
started  to  raise  a  few  purebred  cattle,  and  that  was  how  I  began 
Hereford  breeding." 


356  A  HISTORY  OP  HEREFORD  CATTLE 

recognized  by  his  contemporaries,  had  fitting  ex- 
emplification at  the  very  outset  of  his  career.  Sir 
Arthur  grew  into  a  good  enough  bull  to  win  as  a 
yearling  at  the  Ohio  State  Fair  of  1870 ;  and  subse- 
quently sired  many  prizewinners. 

Clark's  First  Show  Cattle.— Mr.  Clark's  first 
females  were  bought  from  James  Cross,  his  land- 
lord, who  had  a  dispersion  sale  on  renting  the  farm 
to  Clark.  These  cattle  were  of  the  Humphries 
blood,  and  Clark's  purchases  included  the  cow  Nel- 
lie, by  John  Bull,  for  which  he  paid  $385.  She  was 
a  big  smooth  cow  with  lots  of  substance  and  was 
afterwards  shown  with  success  at  the  fairs.  About 
1872  Clark  met  the  Shorthorn  herd  of  William  Mof- 
fatt  &  Bros,  at  Berea,  a  district  fair.  The  Mof- 
fatts  were  showing  a  mature  herd  of  big  cattle. 
Clark  showed  Sir  Arthur,  Nellie,  the  two-year-old 
heifer  Tulip  and  two  yearlings,  winning  first  prize 
'and  the  male  and  female  championships.  W.  W. 
Aldrich  had  been  Clark's  competitor  for  Nellie  at 
the  Cross  sale  and  after  she  had  defeated  Aldrich 's 
cows  the  latter  wrote  to  "The  Ohio  Farmer "  and 
disparaged  Nellie,  partly  because  she  "had  no 
white  on  the  shoulder." 

The  next  important  purchase  was  the  cow 
Primrose  2d,  by  Golden  Drop,  son  of  Guelph,  the 
sire  of  Sir  Charles.  On  the  occasion  of  a  visit  to 
the  Guelph  fair  buying  sheep,  Mr.  Clark  met  the 
well  known  Dominion  importer  and  breeder  John 
Snell,  who  was  showing  a  good  roan  Shorthorn 
bull.  T.  L.  Miller  had  just  bought  Stone's  Here- 


FOOTING    GAINED    IN    MIDDLE    WEST  357 

ford  bull  Sir  Charles,  and  Snell  remarked  that  he 
was  "glad  that  bull  had  left  the  country  as  he 
had  always  given  him  a  lot  of  trouble. "  He  was 
not  afraid  of  the  bulls  Stone  had  left.  Primrose 
2d  was  successfully  shown,  and  Mr.  Clark  is  au- 
thority for  the  statement  that  she  lived  to  be  21 
years  old  and  produced  20  calves.  She  was  in  his 
possession  until  sold  at  last  to  a  butcher  in  Chi- 
cago for  $45. 

Removes  To  Illinois  In  1877; — Meantime  the 
west  was  becoming  a  good  market  for  Herefords, 
and  Clark  decided  to  remove  to  Beecher,  111. .  He 
had  shown  every  year  at  the  Ohio  fairs  and  always 
successfully.  He  made  one  show  at  Erie,  Pa., 
while  breeding  in  Ohio  and  another  at  Jackson, 
Mich.,  in  1876,  winning  first  prize  on  herd,  in 
competition  with  seven  Shorthorn  and  Devon  herds. 
This  was  the  first  time  the  Herefords  won  that 
prize  in  Michigan,  and  the  event  caused  a  lot  of 
controversy.  John  Miller  of  Canada  was  the  judge. 
Clark  had  meantime  sold  three  calves  to  T.  L.  Mil- 
ler and  delivered  them  personally.  He  was  im- 
pressed with  the  idea  that  Illinois  would  be  a  bet- 
ter location  for  his  cattle  business  than  Ohio  and 
in  1877  when  his  lease  expired  he  bought  80  acres 
about  one  mile  from  Miller's  farm,  1%  miles  from 
the  village.  He  afterwards  added  40  acres  to  the 
home  farm,  and  subsequently  bought  26  acres  ad- 
ditional. The  home  farm  was  black  loam  with  clay 
subsoil.  It  was  rolling  prairie,  good  grass  and 
corn  land.  Most  of  it  was  in  permanent  pasture; 


358  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

in  fact,  Mr.  Clark  always  kept  his  own  lands  large- 
ly in  grass,  and  leased  fields  for  farming  purposes. 
He  brought  his  Ohio  herd,  numbering  at  this  time 
about  twenty-eight  head,  to  Beecher.  Ten  ewes  and 
a  ram  of  the  Cotswold  breed  also  came,  and  he  kept 
sheep  on  the  farm  steadily,  with  much  success. 

In  1877  Mr.  Clark  showed  a  herd  at  the  Northern 
Ohio  Fair  at  Cleveland,  winning  all  prizes  shown 
for.  The  Messrs.  Potts  had  a  herd  of  Shorthorns 
at  the  same  show  headed  by  the  celebrated  Duke  of 
Eichmond,  but  there  was  no  breed  competition  that 
year.  Clark  bought  Success  2d  from  William 
Powell  shortly  before  removing  to  Illinois,  but  the 
bull  did  not  suit  and  was  not  extensively  used. 

Looking  Towards  the  Range. — In  the  spring  of 
1873  Mr.  Miller  began  campaigning  for  trade  in  the 
far  west.  He  was  one  of  the  first  to  insist  upon  the 
Hereford  as  an  ideal  range  type.  In  the  course  of 
one  of  his  earliest  contributions  to  the  agricultural 
press  he  resorted  to  the  old  English  form  of  argu- 
ment, a  challenge,  which  he  of  course  knew  would 
not  or  could  not  be  practically  taken  up.  He  said: 

"It  is  our  belief  that  the  Hereford s  are  pre-emi- 
nently the  stock  that  must  be  used  for  improving 
the  large  herds  of  Colorado,  Kansas  and  Texas. 
As  beef  producers,  in  this  country  at  least,  the 
choice  will  lie  between  the  Shorthorns  and  the 
Herefords.  In  the  hands  of  some  it  will  be  the  one, 
and  in  those  of  others  the  other;  and  that  this 
question  may  have  a  fair  solution,  we  hereby  pro- 
pose to  any  Shorthorn  breeder  to  select  100  or  200 
cows  in  this  state,  one-half  to  be  served  by  a  Here- 


FOOTING    GAINED    IN    MIDDLE    WEST  359 

ford,  and  the  other  half  by  a  Shorthorn  bull,  and 
the  progeny  to  be  cared  for  alike,  and  shown  at  our 
state  fair  at  2,3,  and  4  years  old.  We  propose  fur- 
ther, to  select,  in  Colorado,  Kansas  or  Texas,  from 
500  to  2,000  cows,  and  serve  one-half  with  Hereford 
and  the  other  half  with  Shorthorn  bulls,  and  their 
progeny  to  be  kept  alike,  and  a  portion  brought  to 
our  state  fair  at  2,  3,  and  4  years  old,  each  year. 
The  choice  as  to  how  the  stock  shall  be  kept  we  will 
give  the  Shorthorn  breeders.  All  are  to  be  kept 
alike,  and  the  experiment  may  be  from  one  to  five 
years. " 

Needless  to  say  this  defiance  caused  a  lot  of  com- 
ment. In  Shorthorn  circles  it  was  called  a  " bluff." 
Nevertheless,  it  worried  more  or  less  that  large 
and  somewhat  arrogant  contingent  that  was  dis- 
posed at  that  time,  and  for  some  years  afterward, 
to  look  down  from  the  heights  of  its  speculative 
airship  (the  New  York  Mills  sale  with  its  $40,600 
bid  for  a  single  cow  had  just  occurred)  with  more 
or  less  contempt  upon  any  tribe  or  breed  of  im- 
proved cattle  of  the  beef -making  sorts  that  did  not 
descend  from  the  Shorthorn  stock  of  T.  Bates  of 
Kirklevington.  Indeed  during  the  years  1873-77  the 
Shorthorn  pace  on  both  sides  of  the  Atlantic  was 
so  fast  and  furious  that  neither  press  nor  .the  cat- 
tle-breeding public  seemed  to  have  willing  eyes  or 
ears  for  Herefords.  Nevertheless,  they  were  slow- 
ly but  none  the  less  surely  working  their  way  west- 
ward. Mr.  Miller  protested  vigorously  against  the 
apathy  of  the  public  in  regard  to  his  favorites.  He 
extolled  their  merits  in  season  and  out,  in  good 
temper  and  bad,  and  what  was  more  to  the  point, 


360  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

he  and  his  little  band  of  contemporaries  had  com- 
menced selling  bulls  to  various  western  ranchmen 
that  gave  great  account  of  themselves. 

Success  and  Dolly  Varden.— In  1873  Mr.  Miller 
imported  from  the  herd  of  J.  Morris  of  Hereford- 
shire the  three-year-old  cow  Dolly  Varden,  with  a 
bull  calf  at  foot  by  Banquo  (3667),  the  latter  bred 
by  Philip  Turner  of  The  Leen.  This  calf  devel- 
oped into  a  splendid  specimen  of  the  breed  and  in 
Mr.  Miller's  hands  under  the  name  Success  ac- 
quired celebrity,  both  as  a  show  bull  and  sire.  He 
doubtless  owed  much  of  his  character  to  his  mother, 
for  Dolly  Varden  was  not  only  the  best  cow  of  the 
breed  up  to  that  date  seen  in  the  west,  but  she  car- 
ried a  lot  of  sound  old  blood,  the  influence  of  which 
was  apparent.  She  was  got  by  Stow  (3478),  he 
by  Sir  Thomas  (2228),  son  of  Sir  Benjamin  by  Sir 
David.  Dolly  Varden  and  Success  advertised  the 
Herefords  with  great  effect. 

Success  was  not  a  big  bull  for  those  days,  prob- 
ably not  attaining  much  over  2,100  pounds  in  weight 
when  in  his  best  show  form.  But  he  was  extreme- 
ly low  on  the  leg,  standing  but  12  inches  from  the 
ground  at  the  brisket  and  he  had  a  handsome  head. 
His  fault  was  some  weakness  in  the  crops,  which 
always  gave  him  the  appearance  of  being  somewhat 
paunchy.  Dolly  was  a  big  good  smooth  cow,  and 
had  been  a  winner  in  England  before  importation. 
These  were  the  first  Herefords  to  be  imported  west 
of  the  state  of  Ohio,  so  far  as  we  can  learn.  This 
famous  pair  and  a  lot  of  well  fitted  home-bred  cat- 


FOOTING    GAINED    IN    MIDDLE    WEST  361 

tie  were  extensively  shown  by  Mr.  Miller  through- 
out the  middle  west,  gaming  many  friends  for  the 
breed  and  resulting  in  important  sales  of  breeding 
cattle  for  the  foundation  of  new  herds. 

Honors  at  Big  Shows. — At  the  Northern  Ohio 
Fair  at  Cleveland  in  1876  the  herd  headed  by  Suc- 
cess won  first  prize  over  all  breeds.  This  was  the 
year  of  the  Centennial  Exposition  at  Fairmount 
Park,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Although  Mr.  Miller 
could  not  hope  to  win  enough  to  pay  his  expenses, 
so  determined  was  he  that  no  good  opportunity  to 
exploit  the  breed  should  be  lost,  that  at  a  cost  to 
himself  of  some  $2,000  he  sent  his  herd,  with  Suc- 
cess at  the  head  to  this  the  first  world's  fair  to  be 
held  in  the  United  States.  The  cattle  were  much 
admired,  and  their  class  was  judged  by  Hon. 
Thomas  Duckham  of  England.  A  bronze  medal — 
but  no  money — was  presented  by  the  Government 
Commissioners  to  Mr.  Miller  for  the  excellence  of 
his  exhibit.  It  was  while  at  this  exposition  that  the 
show  bull  Illinois,  by  Success,  was  sold  to  Hon.  John 
Merryman.  At  the  Illinois  State  Fair  of  1877  Mr. 
Miller  sold  Mr.  C.  M.  Culbertson  three  calves,  in- 
cluding the  heifers  Sunrise  and  Sunset  for  $2,500. 
At  a  later  date  he  sold  four  heifers  by  Success  to 
Lucien  Scott,  Leaven  worth,  Kans.,  for  $4,000. 

In  1878  T.  L.  Miller  bought  Sir  Eichard  2d  and 
brought  him  to  Beecher,  111.  Success  had  beaten  him 
at  the  Philadelphia  Centennial  show,  because  he 
was  in  much  higher  condition,  but  in  the  meantime 
the  older  bull  had  demonstrated  wonderful  capacity 


362  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

as  a  sire.  Sir  Richard  2d  was  then  nearly  ten  years 
old  and  cost  $500.  After  using  him  two  or  three 
years  Mr.  Miller  parted  with  him  to  Tom  Clark  at 
$400.  He  was  sold  by  Clark  in  1882  to  Earl  &  Stuart 
of  Lafayette,  Ind.,  siring  some  great  calves  while 
at  Shadeland  Farm,  including  the  famous  Elton 
line  of  bulls  and  the  Eltona  heifers.  He  passed  into 
the  possession  of  C.  M.  Culbertson  in  the  fall  of 
1882,  and  becoming  useless  at  the  age  of  fifteen 
years  was  sent  to  the  butcher  in  the  spring  of  1884 
at  a  weight  of  2,000  pounds,  bringing  $5.75  per  cwt. 
on  the  Chicago  market,  when  $6.75  was  the  very 
top  for  choice  corn-fed  native  steers. 

Messrs.  Clark  and  Culbertson  bought  all  of  the 
daughters  of  Sir  Eichard  2d  they  could  obtain  in 
the  east.  They  were  distinguished  for  their  splen- 
did substance  and  scale — big  massive  cows,  wonder- 
ful "fleshers"  on  good  pasture,  and  rare  breeders. 
A  number  of  them  were  fitted  and  shown.  For  a 
young  show  herd,  exhibited  in  1882  by  Fowler  & 
Van  Natta,  of  which  three  were  heifers  by  Sir  Eich- 
ard 2d,  the  sum  of  $5,000  was  refused.  One  of  his 
most  noted  sons  was  Fortune,  famous  in  the  hands 
of  J.  S.  Hawes  of  Kansas.  The  show  bull  Dictator 
(1989),  bred  by  Mr.  Miller  and  sold  to  Mr.  Field- 
ing W.  Smith  of  Missouri  was  by  a  grandson  called 
Seventy-Six  (1093). 

"Old  Dick",  as  Sir  Eichard  2d  was  commonly 
called,  was  not  seen  in  western  showyards.  He 
was  otherwise  and  more  profitably  engaged, 
throughout  a  long,  busy  and  in  every  way  illus- 


FOOTING    GAINED    IN    MIDDLE    WEST  363 

trious  career,  as  a  stock-getter.  He  was  a  light- 
colored  bull  of  medium  size,  and  certainly  possessed 
of  genuine  old-fashioned  Herefordshire  constitu- 
tion. He  never  weighed  to  exceed  2,200  pounds. 
He  had  a  good  masculine  head  with  a  waxy  down- 
curved  horn  of  medium  size,  a  copper-colored  nose, 
and  very  prominent  eyes.  His  neck,  which  was 
short,  was  joined  perfectly  into  well  laid  shoulders. 
His  ribs  were  well  sprung,  supplying  ample  heart 
room  and  a  broad  expanse  of  back  and  loin.  He 
was  ribbed-up  well  at  the  hips,  had  straight  quar- 
ters with  good  length  from  loin  to  rump,  and  his  tail 
was  perfectly  set.  His  deep  body  was  well  carried 
on  straight  legs  showing  ample  bone. 

George  Morgan,  "Jim*'  Powell  and  "Willie" 
Watson. — While  Mr.  Miller  was  the  conspicuous, 
inflexible  leader  of  the  early  movement  to  advance 
the  Hereford  cause  throughout  western  America, 
and  succeeded  in  making  Beecher,  111.,  the  hub  of 
the  business  during  its  infancy  in  the  middle  west, 
he  was  ably  aided  in  the  practical  management  of 
the  cattle  intended  for  sale  or  show  by  certain  old- 
countrymen  who  deserve  special  mention  in  this 
connection. 

George  Morgan,  was  a  West  Herefordshire  man, 
born,  in  fact,  only  about  four  miles  from  Thomas 
Clark's  birth-place.  His  father  was  a  tenant 
farmer  who  dealt  largely  in  sheep,  but  who  also 
had  a  good  knowledge  of  cattle.  He  came  to  the 
states  a  few  months  after  Mr.  Clark,  and  leased 
a  farm  near  Elyria.  Shortly  afterwards  he  went 


364  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

back  to  England  for  Cotswold  sheep.  He  then 
bought  locally  a  few  Herefords,  and  became  a  suc- 
cessful exhibitor  and  a  recognized  good  judge  of 
sheep  as  well  as  cattle.  Shortly  after  Mr.  Miller 
began  his  investments  in  cattle  he  hired  Morgan  to 
assist  in  the  buying,  handling  and  selling  of  the 
stock.  It  was  while  thus  engaged  that  Mr.  Culbert- 
son  asked  Mr.  Miller  to  allow  Morgan  to  go  to  Eng- 
land and  buy  a  bull  for  the  herd  which  he  (Culbert- 
son)  was  starting  at  Newman,  111.  This  resulted  in 
the  importation  of  old  Anxiety — but  that  is  another 
story.  Morgan's  subsequent  prominent  identifica- 
tion with  the  trade  will  appear  further  on. 

James  Powell  was  another  capable  English  cat- 
tleman, a  brother  of  William  Powell,  already  men- 
tioned as  being  associated  with  Mr.  Miller.  The 
Powells  had  a  lot  to  do  with  the  successful  introduc- 
tion of  the  Herefords  in  the  newer  west,  and  as  this 
volume  is  written  they  are  still  actively  interested 
in  the  business  in  Texas.  Their  father,  Thomas 
Powell,  lived  upon  a  200-acre  farm  some  five  miles 
from  the  historic  city  of  Hereford,  and  kept  a  good 
herd  of  unregistered  " white  faces",  so  that  both 
James  and  William — members  of  a  family  of  nine 
children — had  an  excellent  practical  training  in 
their  early  years. 

James  Powell  came  out  to  America  in  1867  on  the 
ship  Louisiana,  sixteen  days  at  sea,  and  like  many 
of  his  countrymen  who  afterwards  became  shining 
lights  in  the  Hereford  trade,  he  headed  for  north- 
ern Ohio.  William  Powell  had  come  to  the  States  at 


FOOTING    GAINED    IN    MIDDLE   WEST  365 

a  still  earlier  date.  At  Cleveland  Tom  Clark  was 
encountered,  and  James  got  work  on  a  farm  near 
Pittsfield.  In  1871  the  brothers  moved  to  Beecher, 
111.  At  that  time  Mr.  Miller  had  no  Herefords.  In 
1873  William  brought  out  Dolly  Varden  and  her 
calf,  Success,  not  then  weaned.  James  Powell  is  the 
man  who  fed  and  developed  that  famous  show  bull. 
He  also  fed  Sir  Charles  and  Sir  Eichard  2d.  A  lit- 
tle later  "Jim,"  as  he  was  familiarly  called,  went 
to  C.  M.  Culbertson,  working  first  with  Harry  Love- 
land,  who  shortly  afterwards  went  to  Earl  &  Stuart. 
Powell  was  with  Culbertson  four  years  and  handled 
Anxiety  and  Sir  Garnet.  While  in  this  employ  he 
made  several  trips  back  to  England  with  George 
Morgan,  after  cattle  for  Mr.  Culbertson,  Benjamin 
Hershey  and  the  Wyoming  Hereford  Association. 
He  was  with  the  latter  corporation  for  four  years. 

"Uncle  Willie "  Watson,  a  canny  Scot,  came  to 
America  with  all  the  prestige  of  the  name  of  Wat- 
son of  Keillor  and  apprenticeships  under  some  of 
the  historic  herdsmen  of  Great  Britain  to  his  credit. 
He  was  with  Mr.  Miller  for  a  time,  and  put  flesh  on 
the  ribs  of  more  than  one  "white  face"  that  tor- 
mented competitors  at  fairs  and  fat  stock  shows. 
He  went  over,  however,  to  his  natural  position 
among  the  Angus  breeders,  and  at  a  later  day  made 
the  farm  of  "Turlington",  in  Nebraska,  famous 
throughout  cattledom. 

Ed  Monnington,  another  Englishman  who  came 
with  the  Earl  &  Stuart  importation  of  1881,  worked 
for  Mr.  Clark  for  about  four  years,  and  was  after- 


366  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

wards  very  successful  in  making  up  animals  for  sale 
or  show  in  a  number  of  other  western  herds,  both 
Hereford  and  Shorthorn. 

American  Herd  Book  Established. — The  buy- 
ing of  bulls  for  the  range  that  now  set  in  had  the 
inevitable  effect  of  starting  many  cornbelt  farmers 
into  the  breeding  of  pedigree  Herefords.  Included 
in  the  number  were  a  coterie  of  wealthy  gentlemen 
whose  operations  soon  dwarfed  into  comparative 
insignificance  all  that  had  been  previously  accomp- 
lished. Purebred  heifers  were  "going  like  hot 
cakes ",  and  leaders  in  the  business,  foreseeing  a  lu- 
crative trade  ahead,  now  planned  a  public  registry. 

The  American  Hereford  Herd  Book  was  con- 
ceived at  a  conference  held  at  Beecher,  111.,  in  the 
month  of  August,  1877,  at  which  time  and  place  a 
committee  was  named  to  undertake  the  publication 
of  the  first  volume.  Mr.  Miller,  the  leading  spirit 
in  the  matter,  gave  liberally  of  his  time  and  money, 
and  with  the  cooperation  of  a  small  but  aggressive 
band  of  breeders,  being  actively  assisted  by  Thomas 
Clark,  E.  S.  Shockey  and  others  in  the  collection 
and  arrangements  of  data,  he  succeeded  in  produc- 
ing in  1880  Volume  1  of  the  herd  book  ever  since 
maintained  for  this  breed  in  the  United  States.  The 
charge  for  recording  in  this  initial  volume  was  $2, 
the  company  standing  behind  it  being  known  as  the 
" Breeders '  Live  Stock  Association." 

Old-Time  Controversies.  —  We  should  mention 
at  this  point  that  the  press  of  this  period  reflected 
much  bitterness  on  the  part  of  certain  prominent 


FOOTING    GAINED    IN    MIDDLE    WEST  367 

promoters  of  the  Hereford  propaganda.  William 
H.  Sotham  was  as  fond  of  an  argument  as  he  was  of 
the  " white  faces'',  and  in  public  and  private  de- 
nounced fair  managers,  judges  and  editors,  some- 
times with  justice  and  again  with  rather  more  zeal 
than  fairness.  His  particular  bete  noir  was  a 
Bates-bred  Shorthorn.  All  Shorthorns  were  bad  in 
comparison  with  Herefords,  and  he  believed  that 
the  Bates  "crowd"  were  then  " running "  every- 
thing, including  all  the  fairs  and  the  leading  agri- 
cultural newspapers,  and  that  they  would  not  and 
did  not  "tote  fair."  Mr.  Miller  was  equally  bellig- 
erent, finally  starting  a  newspaper  of  his  own  called 
"The  Breeder's  Journal",  which  he  published  for 
several  years  at  Beecher,  as  an  avowed  "organ"  of 
the  breed.  On  the  Shorthorn  side  Judge  T.  C. 
Jones,  of  Delaware,  0.,  a  sturdy  old  lawyer-farmer 
of  Welsh  descent,  replied  with  vigor  and  with  dig- 
nity. T.  Corwin  Anderson,  of  Kentucky,  and  others 
wrote  often  in  defense  of  the  *  '  red,  white  and  roan ' '. 
J.  H.  Sanders  and  George  W.  Bust,  editorial  writ- 
ers, first  on  the  "National  Live-Stock  Journal"  and 
later  on  "The  Breeder's  Gazette",  were  regular 
targets,  and  of  course  "came  back"  with  some  of 
the  same  sharpness  which  characterized  the  attacks. 
This  controversy  is  of  little  interest,  however,  to 
the  reader  of  today.  All  the  parties  to  it  now  sleep 
beneath  the  bluegrass  sod  they  loved  in  common. 
With  this  simple  reference  therefore  to  the  histori- 
cal fact  that  such  a  war  of  words  was  waged  we 
proceed  with  our  narrative. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

FIRST  FAT  STOCK  SHOWS  AND  THEIR 
INFLUENCE. 

From  the  beginning  of  their  effort  to  introduce 
the  breed  into  the  cornbelt  and  upon  the  range  the 
advocates  of  the  Herefords  had  never  lost  an  op- 
portunity to  claim  superiority  for  their  cattle  over 
the  Shorthorns  of  that  era  in  point  of  constitution, 
feeding  quality  and  general  adaptability  to  the  prac- 
tical demands  of  those  whose  object  was  the  eco- 
nomical production  of  beef.  Fortunately  for  them, 
at  the  psychological  moment  in  their  campaign  the 
American  Fat  Stock  Show  was  established.  This 
afforded  them  the  very  stage  they  needed  to  demon- 
strate the  value  of  their  bulls  as  steer-getters,  in 
such  a  way  as  to  rivet  the  attention  of  the  entire 
country.  It  is  impossible  to  exaggerate  the  im- 
portance of  the  influence  exerted  by  this  exhibition 
not  only  upon  the  Herefords  and  the  Shorthorns, 
but  upon  the  general  type  of  American  beef  cattle 
as  bred  in  1880.  We  shall  here  digress  long  enough, 
therefore,  to  outline  the  part  it  played  in  Hereford 
progress. 

The  initial  American  Fat  Stock  Show  was  held 
at  Chicago  in  the  fall  of  1878  under  the  auspices  of 
the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Agriculture,  and  it  is 


FIRST    FAT    STOCK    SHOWS  369 

not  too  much  to  say  that  it  marked  an  epoch  in  the 
history  of  beef -making  in  the  United^  States.  The 
show  was  the  logical  outgrowth  of  conditions  exist- 
ing at  the  time.  Such  a  tribunal  was  demanded  not 
only  for  a  comparison  of  the  relative  values  of  dif- 
ferent breeds  for  producing  profitable  steers,  but 
to  try  the  general  economic  issue  of  big  bulk  vs. 
baby  beef,  then  just  looming  large  as  a  mooted  ques- 
tion. 

The  exhibition,  which  was  a  genuine  novelty  in 
this  country  at  the  time,  was  staged  in  the  old  Ex- 
position Building,  long  since  demolished,  that  stood 
on  the  site  of  the  handsome  structure  that  now 
houses  the  Chicago  Art  Institute  on  the  Lake  Front, 
at  the  point  where  Adams  Street  terminates  in 
Michigan  Boulevard.  Following  is  a  list  of  the 
officers  and  members  of  the  Illinois  State  Board  of 
Agriculture  that  took  this  important  forward  step 
in  behalf  of  western  stock-growers : 

D.  B.  Gilham,  Alton,  President;  John  P.  Eeynolds, 
Chicago,  ex-President;  S.  D.  Fisher,  Springfield, 
Treasurer;  John  W.  Bunn,  Springfield,  Secretary; 
Lewis  Ellsworth,  Naperville,  Vice-President ;  H.  D. 
Emery,  Chicago ;  Jonathan  Periam,  Chicago ;  Geo.  S. 
Haskell,  Rockford;  J.  L.  Moore,  Polo;  Samuel 
Dysart,  Franklin  Grove ;  Charles  Snoad,  Joliet ; 
Emory  Cobb,  Kankakee ;  D.  W.  Vittum,  Jr.,  Canton ; 
Samuel  Douglas,  Monmouth;  David  E.  Beaty,  Jer- 
seyville;  James  W.  Judy,  Tallula;  Wm.  M.  Smith, 
Lexington;  James  E.  Scott,  Champaign;  E.  H. 
Bishop,  Effingham;  B.  Pullen,  Centralia;  M.  T. 


370  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Stookey,  Belleville;  J.  M.  Washburn,  Carterville, 
and  John  Landrigan,  Albion. 

Soon  after  the  show  was  established  Hon.  Lafay- 
ette Funk  of  Shirley,  111.,  became  a  member  of  the 
board,  and  for  a  long  series  of  years  he  had  imme- 
diate charge  of  the  cattle  classes,  endearing  himself 
to  all  who  had  to  do  with  the  show  by  his  unfailing 
courtesy  and  his  keen  sense  of  fairness,  as  well  as 
by  the  intelligence  and  industry  which  he  always 
brought  to  the  work  of  staging  these  first  great 
shows  of  Christmas  beef  in  the  United  States.  Mr. 
John  B.  Sherman,  then  General  Manager  of  the 
Union  Stock  Yards,  and  the  late  Philip  D.  Armour, 
were  liberal  and  enthusiastic  patrons  of  the  show  at 
a  time  when  it  stood  in  direst  need  of  financial 
support. 

Col.  James  W.  Judy,  the  great  live  stock  auc- 
tioneer of  this  stirring  period  in  the  live  stock  de- 
velopment of  the  west,  and  for  many  years  a  promi- 
nent figure  on  the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Agricul- 
ture, also  rendered  splendid  service  in  promoting 
the  success  of  the  Fat  Stock  Show.  Credit  should 
be  given  in  this  connection  also  to  Col.  Charles  F. 
Mills,  who  in  his  capacity  as  Assistant  Secretary  of 
the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Agriculture  and  subse- 
quently as  Secretary  of  that  body,  did  much  to 
systematize  the  work  of  organization  and  in  the  dis- 
tribution of  facts  developed  by  the  annual  compe- 
titions. 

Breaking  Away  from  Old  Standards. — Recog- 
nizing the  prevailing  practice  of  the  feeders  of  that 


FIRST    FAT    STOCK    SHOWS  371 

period,  the  prizelist  for  the  first  fat  stock  show  in- 
cluded classes  for  "steers  four  years  old  and  over." 
The  dominant  blood  employed  by  the  better  class  of 
farmers  and  ranchmen  of  the  "  seventies "  was  the 
Shorthorn — not  the  short-legged,  blocky,  early-ma- 
turing sort  so  familiar  to  fair-goers  of  the  present 
day,  but  the  high-headed,  up-standing,  broad-hooked, 
long-quartered  kind  that  was  not  commonly  consid- 
ered marketable  as  prime  beef  until  the  steers  had 
attained  the  age  of  four  or  five  years. 

Signs  were  not  wanting,  however,  as  early  as 
1878,  of  impending  changes  in  the  best  feedlot  prac- 
tice. Influences  were  at  work  tending  to  convince 
the  younger  generation,  at  least,  that  it  was  poor 
economy  to  carry  a  bullock  to  such  weights  and  ages 
as  was  customary  at  that  date.  Pioneer  mid-west 
scientists,  like  the  late  Prof.  George  E.  Morrow  of 
the  University  of  Illinois,  were  persistently  calling 
the  attention  of  farmers  to  the  great  expense  at 
which  added  pounds  were  gained  as  the  steer  ad- 
vanced in  age.  Enterprising  breeders  and  feeders 
were  already  testing  the  forcing  process  on  younger 
cattle,  and  were  soon  to  furnish  a  fine  demonstration 
of  the  fact  that  prevailing  methods  were  wasteful  in 
the  extreme,  and  should  be  abandoned.  While  the 
"big  ones"  still  had  the  call  when  the  iioors  opened 
upon  the  first  show,  the  more  progressive  elements 
in  the  cattle  trade  rejoiced  that,  at  last,  an  oppor- 
tunity would  be  given  for  competitive  tests  which 
they  believed  would  prove  a  valuable  object  lesson 
to  all  concerned. 


372  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

John  D.  Gillett,  Pioneer  Exhibitor.— The  late 
John  D.  Gillett  of  Elkhart,  III,  was  the  acknowl- 
edged cattle  king  of  the  cornbelt  at  that  date. 
His  great  red  steers,  the  envy  of  all  of  his  con- 
temporaries, topped  the  Chicago  Christmas  markets 
and  were  the  first  American  cattle  to  go  forward 
alive  to  London.  He  was  the  real  founder  of  the 
American  export  cattle  trade,  which  afterwards 
grew  to  snch  great  proportions,  reaching  its  climax 
in  the  year  1905,  when  cattle  valued  at  $42,256,291 
were  landed  in  England  from  United  States  ports, 
chiefly  for  the  London  and  Liverpool  trade.  The 
decline  of  this  great  trade  has,  however,  been  even 
more  rapid  in  recent  years  than  was  its  rise ;  the 
domestic  supply  has  now  fallen  below  the  needs  of 
our  own  market  and  prices  have  risen  to  a  level  that 
makes  it  impossible  to  ship  cattle  abroad  at  a  profit. 

The  Gillett  cattle  were  to  all  intents  and  purposes 
purebred  Shorthorns — not  registered,  but  descended 
from  sound  old  Kentucky  stock.  Mr.  Gillett  was  a 
big  man,  mentally  and  "physically,  and  he  did  things 
in  a  big,  open-handed  way.  He  owned  a  great  estate 
of  rich  corn-and-bluegrass  land,  maintained  a  large 
cow  herd  for  the  production  of  his  own  steers,  and 
annually  sold  some  of  his  best  bull  calves  to  other 
enterprising  steer-breeders  who  sought  to  emulate 
his  example.  Chief  amon^  these  should  be  men- 
tioned the  late  Hon.  D.  M.  Moninger,  G.alvin,  la., 
whose  fame  as  a  producer,  feeder  and  exhibitor  of 
prime  cattle  became  second  only  to  that  of  Mr.  Gil- 
lett himself. 


B. Sherman  \  \  Lafayette Funk\ 


374  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

It  was  to  such  men  as  these  that  the  Fat  Stock 
Show  made  its  first  and  most  successful  appeal.  Mr. 
Gillett  responded  to  the  earliest  call  for  exhibits 
with  several  loads,  the  pick  of  his  beef  crop  of  1878, 
and  was  pleased  beyond  measure  at  adding  to  his 
laurels  as  the  first  cattleman  of  America  by  winning 
the  grand  championship  for  best  single  steer  in  the 
show  and  the  same  prize  for  best  carload  of  any  age 
or  breed. 

Some  Wonderful  Weights. — As  coming  events 
are  said  to  cast  their  shadows  before,  it  was  looked 
upon  as  a  significant  fact  upon  this  occasion  that  the 
steer  with  which  Mr.  Gillett  won  this  primal  Ameri- 
can championship  was  not  yet  four  years  old  and 
weighed  but  2,185  pounds !  That  would  seem  to  be 
a  right  good  weight  for  a  ripe  steer  now,  but  listen 
to  this  account  of  the  sensational  class  of  that  old- 
time  show  reproduced  from  the  report  of  the  exhi- 
bition printed  in  the  January,  1879,  issue  of  the 
"National  Live-Stock  Journal": 

"This  was  probably  the  most  remarkable  group 
of  steers  ever  seen  together  in  America.  There 
were  twelve  steers  in  the  class,  ranging  in  weight 
from  1,980  to  3,155  pounds,  and  averaging  2,491; 
and,  leaving  out  the  smallest  two  of  the  lot,  the  aver- 
age of  the  remaining  ten  was  2,594  pounds.  They 
were  all  high-grade  Shorthorns  excepting  one,  the 
smallest  steer  of  the  lot,  a  grade  Hereford  weighing 
1,980  pounds,  but  although  the  smallest  steer  in  the 
ring,  he  was  not  the  poorest  butcher  beast  by  long 
odds.  The  largest  ox,  weighing  3,155  pounds,  was 
shown  by  Charles  Miller,  Williamsville,  111.  He 
was  five  years  old  in  June  last,  and  attracted  uni- 


I  Geo.E.Morrow  \ 


376  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

versal  attention  on  account  of  his  huge  proportions ; 
but  he  was  rather  coarse,  and  was  especially  faulty 
and  ragged  in  the  conformation  of  his  rump. 

"The  first-prize  steer  was  the  third  largest  ani- 
mal in  the  group,  and  the  largest  of  all  the  first- 
prize  winners.  He  possessed  unusual  smoothness, 
fineness,  and  evenness  for  so  large  a  steer,  and  was 
especially  remarkable-  for  excellence  in  the  hind- 
quarters. Had  he  been  equally  good  in  the  fore- 
quarters  he  would  have  been  hard  to  beat  in  any 
ring,  and,  as  it  was,  the  placing  of  the  blue  ribbon 
upon  him  gave  very  general  satisfaction.  There 
were  steers  in  the  ring  of  lighter  weight  that  would 
have  cut  up  better,  but  taking  the  size  and  quality 
both  into  account,  the  committee,  which  had  in  very 
few  cases  appeared  to  attach  much  importance  to 
mere  weight,  were  unanimous  in  their  award. 

"The  second-prize  animal  was  the  heaviest  beast 
in  the  show  that  received  a  prize,  and  was  the  second 
largest  animal  on  exhibition,  but  he  was  not  equal  to 
the  winner  in  smoothness  nor  quality.  In  this  ring 
Messrs.  Vanmeter  &  Hamiltons,  of  Kentucky,  exhib- 
ited four  steers  that  were  much  admired,  weighing 
respectively  2,650,  2,610,  2,350  and  2,215.  Mr.  Mon- 
inger,  of  Iowa,  exhibited  another  steer  by  the  side  of 
the  first-prize  ox,  that  weighed  2,480 ;  Messrs.  Fisher 
&  Whitney,  of  Michigan,  one  weighing  2,350.  Mr. 
George  Grey,  of  Indiana,  showed  another  beside  the 
second-prize  winner,  that  weighed  2,550.  Mr.  J.  D. 
Gillett,  of  Illinois,  showed  a  compact,  blocky,  well- 
developed,  fine-boned  steer,  weighing  2,020,  and  Mr. 
T.  L.  Miller,  of  Illinois,  a  grade  Hereford,  before 
mentioned,  weighing  1,980. ' ' 

First  Fat  Stock  Show  Herefords.— It  will  be 
observed  that  there  was  but  one  "white  face"  bul- 
lock seen  in  this  extraordinary  line  of  behemoths, 


FIRST    FAT    STOCK    SHOWS  377 

and  as  he  belonged  to  a  then  more  or  less  despised 
race  and  weighed  only  1,980  pounds,  what  chance 
did  he  stand!  None,  of  course.  This  was  in  the 
grade  and  crossbred  division. 

The  classes  for  purebred  Herefords  developed  an 
animal  that  caused  the  vastly  interested  crowd  of 
farmers,  ranchmen,  feeders  and  butchers  to  "sit 
up  and  take  notice. "  This  entry  was  the  good  cow 
Jennie,  by  Sir  Arthur,  bred  near  Elyria,  0.,  and 
shown  by  Mr.  Miller.  She  was  four  years  old, 
weighed  1,595  pounds,  and  won  first  in  her  class 
and  the  female  championship  of  the  show  over  all 
breeds  and  crosses.  Even  the  advocates  of  the 
Shorthorns  and  Devons — the  only  other  breeds  ap- 
pearing at  this  initial  show — conceded  her  superi- 
ority in  point  of  refinement  and  wealth  of  flesh. 
Jennie  was  in  fact  much  neater  than  the  average  of 
her  race  in  the  west  at  that  date,  and  by  reason  of 
that  fact  attracted  all  the  more  attention  to  her 
breed.  It  must  be  remembered  in  this  connection 
that  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Miller  and  his  colleagues  to 
popularize  Herefords  in  the  west  had  been  made 
almost  altogether  with  cattle  of  domestic  production 
descending  from  the  earlier  Canadian,  New  Eng- 
land, New  York,  Maryland  and  Ohio  importations. 

Aside  from  Jennie  the  Hereford  class  at  the  first 
American  Fat  Stock  Show  gave  no  special  evidence 
of  strength.  Prizes  being  offered  for  steers  "four 
years  and  over,"  Mr.  Miller  exhibited  a  seven-year- 
old  work  ox  of  John  Merryman's  breeding,  shown 
at  a  weight  of  2,010  pounds.  This  was  by  way  of 


378  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

illustrating  the  fact  that  a  Hereford  steer  could 
serve  a  useful  purpose  on  the  farm  as  a  draft  ani- 
mal and  then  carry  a  great  carcass  of  good  beef 
to  the  block.  This,  the  first  Hereford  bullock  to 
enter  the  national  fat  stock  show  ring  in  the  United 
States,  dressed  69*4  per  cent  net  to  gross. 

Miller  also  exhibited  a  three-year-old  steer,  an 
own  brother  to  the  ox  above  mentioned,  at  a  weight 
of  1,705  pounds,  and  received  first  prize  in  the 
Hereford  class  over  Wm.  Powell's  entry.  Another 
steer  of  the  Merryman  blood,  with  the  same  sire 
and  dam,  Sir  Eichard  2d  and  Jenny  Clark,  was  the 
only  two-year-old  Hereford  entry.  No  yearlings 
were  shown. 

"Baby  Beef."-r-Portentous  of  an  impending 
change  in  type  was  the  fact  that  in  the  Shorthorn 
class  James  N.  Brown's  Sons,  Grove  Park,  Sanga- 
mon  Co.,  111.,  exhibited  a  white  yearling  steer  of 
their  own  breeding  that  weighed  1,480  pounds  and 
showed  a  gain  per  day  from  birth  of  2.28  pounds. 
He  wort  first  in  his  class  and  the  yearling  champion- 
ship of  the  hall. 

Here  was  a  lesson  in  early  maturity  that  "jarred" 
many  of  the  old-timers  tremendously.  It  indicated 
that  the  four-and-five-year-old  plan  might  after  all 
not  be  an  up-to-date  method  of  profitably  converting 
good  corn  and  bluegrass  into  prime  beef.  Many 
were  the  caucuses  held  that  week  over  this  then- 
wonderful  Shorthorn  steer,  Duke  Sangamon.  In 
the  ring,  outside  the  rail,  and  at  the  yards  were 
men  who  said  that  his  marvelous  weight  for  age. 


FIRST    FAT    STOCK    SHOWS  379 

meant  revolution — an  inevitable  "revision  down- 
ward "  of  the  age  and  scale  of  prime  cattle — and 
so  it  proved.  His  exhibition  in  point  of  fact  pre- 
saged the  early  passing  of  the  tallowy  monstrosities 
then  deemed  the  acme  of  the  feeder's  art,  and  the 
Hereford  contingent,  seeing  the  opening  presented, 
at  once  laid  plans  to  go  after  the  prizes  with  '  '  white 
faces"  of  a  more  modern  type. 

The  Second  Round. — History  was  made  rap- 
idly by  these  early  shows.  On  the  tenth  of  Decem- 
ber, 1879,  the  doors  of  the  old  Exposition  Building 
on  the  Lake  Front  were  again  thrown  open  and 
an  eager  throng  gathered  to  see  what  the  twelve- 
month had  developed.  Excitement  was  at  fever 
heat.  Breed  partisanship — contrasting  strangely 
with  the  era  of  good-fellowship  upon  which  we 
have  now  happily  come — began  to  show  its  ugly 
front,  and  yet  it  was  apparent  that  the  prime  con- 
sideration still  was  the  matter  of  size  and  weight  as 
related  to  economical  production.  The  Herefords 
were  not  yet  strong  enough  to  arouse  the  Shorthorn 
ranks  to  a  full  sense  of  the  danger  of  their  position 
as  the  erstwhile  ruling  race. 

Sherman's  Tallow  Mountains.  —  Mr.  Gillett's 
champion  of  1878  had  been  named  John  B.  Sherman 
in  honor  of  the  general  manager  of  the  Chicago 
Union  Stock  Yards.  Mr.  Sherman  had  evinced  a 
lively  interest  in  the  success  of  the  new  show  and 
by  way  of  advertising  it  and  stimulating  interest 
he  bought  a  number  of  the  best  of  the  Gillett  ex- 
hibit and  established  them  in  comfortable  boxes  in 


380  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

the  historic  section  of  the  yards  formerly  known 
as  Dexter  Park.  Thus,  not  far  from  the  scene  of 
our  contemporary  exhibitions  of  fat  stock  in  the 
International  Hall,  there  were  to  be  seen  by  gaping 
crowds  during  the  year  1879,  and  for  several  years 
thereafter,  show  cattle  such  as  had  never  before 
been  seen  and  such  also  as  will  probably  never  be 
seen  again. 

These  Sherman  steers  were  sent  "down  town" 
in  December  for  the  edification  of  the  visitors  at 
the  second  annual  show.  They  walked  into  the 
building,  although  locomotion  in  their  case  was  no 
joke,  at  a  weight  of  over  2,800  pounds  each.  Need- 
less to  say  they  were  the  wonder  of  the  week,  so 
far  as  the  reporters  of  the  daily  press,  the  "city 
folk,"  amateur  farmers  generally,  and  women  and 
children  were  concerned,  and  they  got  second  money 
in  the  senior  carlot  class.  There  was  at  that  time 
and  for  several  years  following,  Omnipotency  only 
knows  why,  a  prize  for  "heaviest  fat  steer,"  and 
one  of  these  stock  yard  monsters  usually  took  down 
the  money. 

Shorthorns  Win  Again. — Mr.  Gillett  came  to 
the  fore  again  with  another  brave  array  of  his  best 
and  made  a  clean  sweep  in  the  carload  classes  on 
fours-and-over,  threes,  twos  and  yearlings,  "rub- 
bing it  in"  by  taking  both  first  and  second  in  the 
three-year-old  section.  He  also  gained  the  four- 
year-old  and  the  yearling  prizes  in  the  sweepstake- 
by-ages  competition  among  individual  steers  of  all 
breeds. 


TYPE    OF    THE 


'YOUNG    MARY"    SHORTHORN    BULLOCKS    SHOWN    FROM 
KENTUCKY — From  drawing  by  Dewey. 


382  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Kentucky  had  been  creditably  represented  at  the 
show  of  1878.  Ben  F.  Vanmeter  and  the  Hamiltons 
had  exhibited  a  quartette  of  aged  Shorthorn  steers 
each  weighing  over  2,000  pounds  and  all  belonging 
to  the  famous  family  of  Kentucky  Shorthorns 
known  as  "  Young  Marys " — a  prolific,  and  for  a 
long  series  of  years,  a  useful  and  profitable  dual- 
purpose  type,  the  cows  milking  well  and  the  steers 
growing  into  fine  carcasses  of  prime  beef. 
.  In  the  battle  of  1879  another  Kentuckian,  Mr.  J. 
H.  Graves,  won  the  championship  with  the  grand 
roan  steer  Nichols,  shown  as  a  three-year-old  Short- 
horn weighing  2,060  pounds.  Nichols  came  back  the 
following  year  as  a  five-year-old  grade,  of  which 
more  anon.  One  member  of  the  awarding  commit- 
tee in  this  champion  contest  was  Mr.  John  G.  Imbo- 
den,  Decatur,  111.,  who  has  seen  continuous  service 
at  American  fat  stock  shows  ever  since  as  exhibitor, 
judge  or  ring  steward.* 

*At  these  early  shows  each  entry  wag  carefully  measured  by 
a  committee  appointed  for  that  purpose.  The  tapeline  was  ap- 
plied to  no  less  than  fifteen  different  points,  taking-  in  everything 
that  was  deemed  worth  noting-  in  connection  with  the  length, 
breadth  and  depth  of  each  animal.  This  interesting  but  tedious 
and  not  specially  practical  work  was  not  long  continued,  for  ob- 
vious reasons. 

In  the  first  place,  some  of  the  "untamed"  beasts  brought  direct 
from  the  pastures  to  the  exposition  building  resented  the  un- 
necesary  handling,  and  committeemen  had  various  narrow  escapes 
from  personal  injury.  Besides,  the  show  grew  so  rapidly  in  ex- 
hibits that  it  soon  became  physically  impossible  to  measure 
everything  in  time  for  the  judging. 

Mr.  J.  H.  Sanders  instituted  another  scheme  by  way  of  illus- 
trating his  reports  of  the  show.  He  conceived  the  idea  of  com- 
paring cross-sections  of  competing  animals  to  develop  the  actual 
contour  of  the  body.  By  the  use  of  lead  pipe  this  was  success- 
fully accomplished,  and  the  outlines  thus  secured  were  reproduced 
by  photography  to  show  the  difference  in  the  arch  of  rib  between 
the  Hereford  cow  Jennie  and  the  Shorthorn  cow  Red  Bettie,  the 
chief  contestants  for  the  female  championship  of  the  show  of  1879. 
From  these  it  would  almost  seem  as  if  Mr.  Sanders'  claim  in  his 
report  of  that  show,  that  the  Hereford  should  have  won,  was 
well  supported. 


FIRST    FAT    STOCK    SHOWS  383 

While  not  able  as  yet  to  land  the  grand  cham- 
pionship of  the  show  the  Herefords  advanced  their 
lines  nevertheless,  Mr.  Miller  winning  the  first  prize 
for  four-year-olds  in  the  grade  class  and  worrying 
the  Shorthorn  cow  Eed  Bettie  badly  for  the  cow 
championship.  This  he  did  with  Jennie,  carried 
over  from  the  show  of  '78,  and  presented  in  such 
form  as  to  win  many  friends  for  the  honor  she  had 
so  worthily  gained  the  year  previous. 

The  Block  Test  Set  Up.— It  was  at  this  show 
of  1879  that  the  block  test  was  set  up.  The  Short- 
horn exhibitors  did  not  take  kindly  to  the  idea,  how- 
ever, and  at  first  fought  shy  of  it.  Miller  went  after 
the  prize  with  a  grade  four-year-old  Hereford  and 
won  it,  his  steer  weighing  1,963  pounds  alive  and 
1,317  pounds  dressed,  netting  67.09  per  cent.  A 
1,796-pound  Shorthorn  dressed  1,179  pounds,  or 
65.68  per  cent,  and  a  1,614-pound  Devon  killed  out 
1,055  pounds,  or  65.36  per  cent, 

The  Show  of  1880.  -  -  The  four-year-old-and- 
over  classes  were  now  abolished,  but  by  some  pe- 
culiar inconsistency  the  grand  championship  was 
still  left  open  to  steers  of  any  age — "a  tub  to  the 
whale "  presumably,  to  appease  the  ire  of  those 
who  at  that  time  insisted  stoutly  that  beef  under 
four  years  of  age  was  not  the  real  article.  This 
had,  however,  an  unfortunate  issue  at  the  third 
show.  The  championship  award  went  to  the  same 
steer  (Nichols)  that  had  been  champion  in  1879 
over  T.  L.  Miller's  grade  Hereford  two-year-old 
Conqueror,  and  gave  rise  to  an  angry  controversy. 


384  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Nichols  had  been  shown  in  1879  as  a  purebred 
three-year-old ;  he  came  back  in  1880  as  a  five-year- 
old  grade !  Mr.  Graves  claimed  that  he  had  entered 
him  in  good  faith  in  1879  as  a  purebred,  aged  three 
years,  on  the  strength  of  a  bill  of  sale  given  by 
the  breeder  of  the  bullock,  but  that  subsequent  de- 
velopments had  disproved  both  age  and  breeding. 
It  was  argued  that  it  was  manifestly  absurd  to 
permit  an  animal  to  be  shown  one  year  as  one  thing 
and  be  re-entered  the  following  year  as  something 
else,  and  he  was  accordingly  protested,  but  the 
board  held  Mr.  Graves  guiltless  of  intent  to  commit 
fraud  and  accepted  the  entry  for  the  grand  sweep- 
stakes of  1880,  which,  as  above  stated,  he  received. 
Had  he  been  an  outstanding  winner,  little  criticism 
might  have  been  passed,  but  candid  opinion  con- 
ceded that  the  Hereford  Conqueror,  age  considered, 
as  a  more  modern  type  and  the  declared  two-year-old 
champion  of  the  Hall,  was  really  entitled  to  the  top 
honor  of  the  show,  as  against  the  2,500-pound 
Shorthorn.  The  Hereford  indeed  received  the  vote 
of  one  of  three  judges,  and  his  defeat  in  the  face 
of  the  protest  that  had  been  lodged  against  Nichols 
served  to  fan  the  flame  of  partisanship  which  now 
began  to  illumine  the  bovine  horizon  far  and  wide. 
Fresh  fuel  fed  the  fire  as  a  result  of  the  two  suc- 
ceeding shows. 

In  the  killing  contest  of  1880  four  of  the  six  en- 
tries were  by  Hereford  bulls.  One  of  these,  Mossy 
Coat,  an  1,812-pound  grade,  dressed  69.29  per  cent. 
At  this  show  John  B.  Sherman  again  took  the 


BENTON'S    CHAMPION— FOWLER   &   VANNATTA'S    FAMOUS    GRADE    HERE- 
FORD  SHOW   STEER — Drawing  by   Dewey. 


ROAN  BOY— C.  M.  CULBERTSON'S  GRADE.  FIRST  TO  WIN  GRAND  CHAM- 
PIONSHIP FOR  THE  HEREFORDS— Prom  drawing  by  Lou  Burk. 


386  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

"heaviest  fat  steer"  prize  with  Nels  Morris,  a 
grade  Shorthorn  tipping  the  beam  at  3,125  pounds ! 
This  steer  measured  9  feet,  6  inches  around  the 
heart,  9  feet,  9  inches  at  the  flank,  and  stood  5 
feet,  51/2  inches  high.  He  was  one  of  the  marvels 
of  his  day,  and  as  such  was  carried  over  at  the 
yards  for  another  year,  coming  back  to  the  show  in 
1881  at  the  reduced  weight  of  2,900  pounds,  and 
again  winning  the  prize  offered  for  the  heaviest  fat 
steer. 

Culbertson  Enters  the  Lists. — The  Nichols  in- 
cident stirred  the  Hereford  camp  to  still  greater 
activities  in  the  steer  line.  Conqueror's  character 
had  convinced  them  that  they  now  had  their  antago- 
nists on  the  defensive  at  last,  and  at  the  show  of 
1881  two  exhibitors,  who  afterwards  assumed  lead- 
ership in  the  Hereford  campaign,  came  into  the 
prizelist.  These  were  Thomas  Clark  and  C.  M.  Cul- 
bertson. The  former  we  have  already  introduced; 
the  latter  was  a  wealthy  Chicago  business  man,  an 
old-time  packer  at  the  yards,  partner  in  the  firm  of 
Culbertson  &  Blair,  and  owner  of  a  great  farm  in 
one  of  the  richest  corn-growing  districts  of  the 
world — the  deep  black  "Broadlands"  in  Douglas 
Co.,  111.  Mr.  Culbertson  had  observed  the  steady 
advances  of  the  Herefords  and  he  became  one  of 
their  most  able  and  enthusiastic  advocates.  He  was 
a  feeder  of  cattle  for  the  Chicago  market,  and  his 
first  honor  won  at  the  fat  stock  show  was  the  block 
championship  awarded  in  1881  to  the  fine  carcass  of 
his  1,835-pound  steer,  Broad  Horns. 


FIRST    FAT    STOCK    SHOWS  387 

Another     "Row"     Over    the     Championship.— 

Once  more  the  ' '  old-timers "  scored  a  win  for  the 
1881  championship,  but  under  circumstances  that 
did  not  send  the  Hereford  host  home  in  very  good 
humor.  Mr.  Gillett  continued  to  cut  a  big  swath 
in  the  show,  but  in  the  first  ring  which  he  entered' 
upon  this  occasion  he  met  defeat  at  the  hands  of 
the  Hereford,  Conqueror,*  brought  over  from  the 
show  of  1880  with  consummate  skill  at  a  weight  of 
2,145  pounds  to  head  a  high-class  lot  of  24  three- 
year-olds.  A  Kentucky  Shorthorn  shown  by  Mor- 
row &  Muir  was  placed  second,  with  Gillett 's  Bar- 
ney third. 

At  that  time  there  was  a  "sweepstake  by  ages" 
class,  entrance  to  which  was  not  limited,  as  now,  to 
the  winners  of  the  various  ages  in  the  different 
classes ;  and  so  it  transpired,  that  with  a  new  com- 
mittee working,  a  2,095-pound  red  steer  called  Mc- 
Mulliri,  a  Gillett  entry  that  had  not  even  been  placed 
in  the  ring  for  three-year-old  grades,  was  given  the 
championship  of  the  show  for  steers  of  that  age, 
over  the  bright  particular  star  of  the  Hereford 
stalls,  which  had  beaten  him  earlier  in  the  week. 
The  committee  was  two  hours  in  doing  this,  there 
being  twenty-five  contestants.  The  tension  about 
the  ringside  was  extreme,  and  when  Conqueror 
finally  lost  there  was  wrath  in  the  house  of  Here- 
ford. 


"Conqueror  was  bred  by  Mr.  Miller  from  a  bull  called  Seventy- 
Six,  a  son  of  Sir  Richard  2d  (4984).  The  dam  of  the  steer  was  a 
grade  Devon.  George  Waters  fed  him  the  first  year  at  Mr. 
Miller's  sale  barn  on  Root  Street  near  the  Chicago  Union  Stock 
Yards.  Meantime  "Uncle  Willie"  Watson  had  gone  to  work  for 
Miller,  and  fed  the  steer  for  his  second  appearance. 


388  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

To  make  matters  worse  a  protest  by  Mr.  Culbert- 
son  alleged  that  this  steer  McMullin  was  ineligible 
to  show  in  the  three-year-old  ring,  that  as  a  matter 
of  fact  he  was  a  four-year-old.  This  was  disallowed 
— further  proof,  of  course,  to  Hereford  eyes  that 
•the  management  was  " packed"  against  their  inter- 
ests. And  so  the  great  event  of  the  cattle  year,  the 
show  for  the  grand  championship  of  the  Hall,  came 
on.  The  same  committee  that  had  preferred  the 
Shorthorn  to  the  Hereford  was  ordered  to  tie  the 
ribbon.  This  was. almost  more  than  the  Hereford 
partisans  could  bear.  They  made  indignant  protest, 
but  to  no  avail.  The  author  remembers  well  the 
suppressed  excitement  of  the  hours  that  followed. 
A  good  part  of  the  afternoon  was  consumed  by  the 
five  men  constituting  the  judicial  bench,  but  from 
the  beginning  there  was  only  one  outcome  possible 
under  the  circumstances.  Only  by  stultifying  them- 
selves could  the  jury  reverse  the  previous  decision; 
and  yet  they  knew  that  a  veritable  volcano  was 
ready  to  explode  the  moment  they  ordered  the  prize 
to  McMullin.  This  they  did  amidst  the  mingled 
cheers  and  maledictions  of  the  victors  and  van- 
quished.* 

War  to  the  Knife. — At  a  meeting  of  the  Here- 
ford association  held  at  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel  on 
Friday  night  after  this  contest,  showing  a  member- 

*At  this  show  Mr.  Marshall  Field,  Chicago's  dry-goods  mer- 
chant prince  of  that  period,  offered  a  prize  of  $250  for  best  pen 
of  five  cattle  of  any  age  or  breed,  and  Mr.  Miller  won  it,  a  de- 
cision which  atoned  somewhat  for  the  defeat  of  Conqueror.  Mr. 
Field  afterwards  stocked  a  Nebraska  ranch  with  Herefords, 
which  for  a  long  series  of  years  were  under  the  able  manage- 
ment of  Mr.  Thomas  Mortimer. 


FIRST    FAT    STOCK    SHOWS  389 

ship  of  34 — not  many, -but  militant — Mr.  Culbert- 
son,  who  now  virtually  assumed  the  leadership 
which  up  to  this  time  had  been  exercised  by  Mr. 
Miller,  called  upon  the  faithful  to  at  once  prepare 
to  fight  the  Shorthorns  to  a  finish  at  future  fat 
stock  shows.  Looking  towards  that  end,  Mr.  Cul- 
bertson  exhorted  the  members  to  castrate  not  less 
than  300  bull  calves,  and  from  this  number  to  select 
100  of  the  best  for  showing ;  one  or  two  men  should 
no  longer  bear  the  burden ;  the  load  was  too  heavy ; 
the  stake  was  too  large.  For  himself  he  pledged 
forty  calves  as  a  starter  and  Mr.  J.  E.  Price  fol- 
lowed with  a  promise  of  thirty  more.  Messrs.  Swan 
Bros.  &  Frank  said  they  could  be  depended  upon  for 
fifty. 

Mr.  Burleigh  of  Maine  stated  that  although  he 
"hailed  from  a  country  where  it  was  said  they  had 
to  line  the  noses  of  their  cattle  with  steel  so  that 
they  could  graze  on  the  flinty  hills,  and  although 
they  had  to  bring  corn  from  Chicago  to  feed  them, ' ' 
he  would  alter  every  grade  calf  dropped  on  his  place 
and  he  would  also  alter  five  purebreds  and  fit  them 
for  this  show. 

Mr.  Clark  said  that  "gentlemen  would  do  well  to 
bear  in  mind  that  if  they  wanted  good  steers  they 
must  alter  good  calves. " 

Mr.  Giidgell  thought  that  it  was  best  to  show 
purebreds.  Hereford  breeders  would  get  no  credit 
for  the  grades,  no  matter  how  good.  The  Short- 
horn breeders  would  claim  that  the  good  quality  all 
came  from  the  Shorthorn  blood.  "We  must  meet 


390  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

them,  and  beat  them  with  Herefords,"  he  said.  He 
would  alter  two  purebreds — good  ones — and  there 
was  no  breeder  present  who  could  not  well  afford 
to  sacrifice  at  least  one  good  calf  for  the  cause. 
Mr.  Burleigh  also  did  not  like  to  hear  so  much  talk 
about  showing  grades.  He  wanted  pure  Herefords, 
good  representatives  of  the  breed,  so  that  there 
could  be  no  dodging  the  question,  and  no  excuse  for 
withholding  the  credit  to  the  Hereford  blood.  He 
would  alter  four  and  show  them. 

Mr.  Hershey  said  he  did  not  want  to  hear  any 
more  talk  of  showing  grades.  Hereford  breeders 
must  show  Herefords.  In  response  to  a  question 
from  Mr.  Culbertson  as  to  how  many  purebreds  he 
would  alter,  he  responded,  "As  many  as  you  will." 
Mr.  Burleigh  of  Iowa  said  he  would  alter  thirty 
grades,  and  "as  many  more  as  he  could  get." 

Naturally  Shorthorn  breeders  were  satisfied  with 
the  way  things  were  going,  and  at  the  annual  meet- 
ing of  their  association,  held  the  same  week,  the 
show  was  warmly  commended  and  its  management 
praised.  That  Conqueror  and  the  Hereford  block- 
winners  had  made  some  of  them  somewhat  nervous 
was  evidenced,  however,  by  some  of  the  discussion 
at  this  meeting  of  1881.  For  example: 

Mr.  Streeter  said  that  Shorthorn  breeders  should 
"wake  up  to  the  importance  of  making  steers  of 
some  of  their  best  purebreds,  and  bringing  them  out 
to  compete  with  the  Herefords."  The  gauntlet  had 
been  "thrown  defiantly  down  by  the  Hereford  men, 
and  we  must  take  it  up.  We  have  the  material  to 


T.   L.   MILLER'S   GRADE   HEREFORD   CONQUEROR,   CHAMPION  TWO-YEAR- 
OLD  OF  1880-^-From  drawing  by  Dewey. 


EARL    &    STUART'S    IMPORTED    PURE-BRED    HEREFORD    BULLOCK 
WABASH — From    drawing    by    Dewey. 


392  A  HISTORY  OP  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

' skunk'  them  every  time,  if  we  will  only  bring  it 
out." 

Col.  John  Scott,  of  Iowa,  spoke  with  warmth  con- 
cerning the  duty  of  the  Shorthorn  breeders  of  his 
state  to  sustain  this  show  as  a  matter  of  pride  and 
self-interest.  There  was  "but  one  Hereford  breed- 
er in  the  state,  and  he  was  here  with  his  choicest 
specimens;  there  were  thousands  of  Shorthorn 
breeders,  but  not  one  of  them  was  represented.  The 
Collings  fatted  the  White  Heifer,  and  showed  her 
all  over  the  Kingdom  of  Great  Britain,  and  thereby 
called  public  attention  to  the  merits  of  the  Short- 
horn. Modern  breeders  might  profit  by  their  ex- 
ample. ' ' 

Falling  Walls. — The  twelve  months  intervening 
between  the  show  of  1881  and  that  of  1882  were 
crowded  with  events  that  stirred  both  Shorthorn 
and  Hereford  breeding  circles  to  their  very  depths 
— events  which  had  their  inception  largely  in  the 
lessons  being  taught  by  the  fat  stock  show.  The  old 
guard  that  had  so  long  dominated  the  Shorthorn 
kingdom  began  to  fear  for  the  safety  of  the  struc- 
ture they  had  so  laboriously  builded.  New  stand- 
ards were  being  forced  upon  the  notice  of  the 
country  by  the  yearling  and  two-year-old  rings;  and 
especially  by  the  Hereford  entries  at  the  big  show 
that  had  now  become  the  annual  battle-ground  for 
the  fiercely  contending  breeds.  The  question  was  as 
to  how  long  the  big,  up-standing  cattle  of  the  Gil- 
lett-Moninger-Kentucky  type  could  hold  the  fort. 
And  there  were  rumblings,  ominous  and  deep,  of  a 


FIRST    FAT    STOCK    SHOWS  393 

coming  revolution  in  the  entire  method  of  produc- 
ing purebred  Shorthorns.  The  words  "Scotch," 
"Cruickshank"  and  "Aberdeenshire"  were  being 
heard,  although  it  was  still  rank  heresy  to  insinuate 
aught  against  the  sacred  nature  of  the  true  faith 
in  the  "divine  right"  of  cattle  descended  from  the 
far-famed  herd  of  rare  old  "Tommy"  Bates  of 
Kirklevington. 

"The  Breeder's  Gazette"  was  established  in  De- 
cember, 1881,  with  the  author  of  this  work  in  charge 
of  cattle  matters.  The  waning  glory  and  failing 
merit  of  the  prevailing  fashionable  type  of  Short- 
horns was  obvious.  The  new  journal  gave  space  to 
the  truth  about  the  Shorthorn  situation,  and 
promptly  recognized  the  practical  utility  of  the 
Herefords  as  well.  Its  influence  was  thrown  in  be- 
half of  a  new  order  of  things,  and  clearly  reflected 
the  trend  of  public  sentiment,  as  was  evidenced  by 
its  instantaneous  success. 

Col.  William  A.  Harris  of  Linwood,  Kans.,  had 
begun  Shorthorn  breeding  operations  that  were  des- 
tined to  change  the  whole  character  of  the  trans- 
Mississippi  trade  in  the  "red,  white  and  roans." 
Men  like  James  I.  Davidson  and  Hon.  John  Dryden 
of  Canada,  J.  H.  Potts  &  Son  of  Illinois,  J.  H. 
Kissinger  of  Missouri,  and  others,  led  a  revolt  in  the 
Shorthorn  camp  in  behalf  of  a  shorter-legged, 
earlier-maturing  kind  of  cattle.  They  found  wide- 
spread popular  support,  at  the  same  time  reaping 
a  whirlwind  of  wrath  and  vituperation  at  the  hands 
of  "vested  interests."  Meantime  memorable  acces- 


394  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

sions  had  been  made  to  the  ranks  of  the  fighting 
friends  of  the  Herefords. 

Adams  Earl  and  his  able  and  aggressive  son-in- 
law,  the  late  lamented  Charles  B.  Stuart,  of  Lafay- 
ette, Ind.,  Gudgell  &  Simpson  of  Independence,  Mo., 
Hon.  M.  H.  Cochrane  of  Canada,  Benjamin  Her- 
shey,  a  millionaire  lumberman  of  Muscatine,  la., 
Moses  Fowler,  a  banker  of  Lafayette,  Ind.,  and 
hard-headed  practical  William  S.  VanNatta,  to- 
gether with  C.  M.  Culbertson  and  others,  aided  and 
abetted  by  old-countrymen  like  "Tom"  Clark, 
George  Morgan,  William  Powell,  "Tom"  Ponting, 
John  Gosling  and  others,  were  all  attracted  by  the 
exciting  and  revolutionary  proceedings  now  every- 
where in  evidence  at  the  stock  yards,  on  "the 
plains,"  in  cornbelt  feedlots  and  at  the  fat  stock 
shows.  They  entered  into  the  spirit  of  the  contest, 
some  with  the  zeal  of  new  converts,  others  backed  by 
ample  capital  and  favored  by  every  natural  condi- 
tion. Best  of  all,  this  took  place  at  the  psycholog- 
ical moment  when  old  Horace,  Lord  Wilton  and 
The  Grove  3d  were  filling  the  Herefordshire  pas- 
tures and  the  Royal  Show  Yard  of  England  with 
the  most  extraordinary  specimens  of  white-faced 
beauty  the  breed  had  ever  produced.  So  it  hap- 
pened that  by  the  time  the  show  of  1882  came 
around,  new  importations,  new  faces  and  new  en- 
thusiasm had  wrought  marked  transformation. 

"Last  of  the  Mohicans."— The  year  1882  wrote 
"finis"  upon  the  scroll  whereon  are  inscribed 
the  championships  won  by  the  old-style  cattle;  it 


FIRST    FAT    STOCK    SHOWS  395 

was  fitting  that  the  last  honor  to  be  paid  should  fall 
to  Mr.  Gillett.  Throughout  all  the  Mississippi  Val- 
ley states  he  had  for  almost  a  generation  carried 
high  the  banner  of  good  blood  as  an  essential  ele- 
ment in  successful  cattle-feeding.  He  was  now  ap- 
proaching the  close  of  his  career  as  the  acknowl- 
edged leader  in  his  field.  He  had  followed  the 
standards  of  his  time  to  their  highest  possible  devel- 
opment and  was  too  far  advanced  in  years  either 
to  change  his  type  of  cattle  or  to  forsake  the  Short- 
horn for  any  substitute.  He  made  these  first  fat 
stock  shows  possible.  He  was  as  gracious  in  defeat 
as  in  an  hour  of  triumph,  and  bravely  fought  the 
battle  for  the  big  ones  to  the  very  end. 

No  less  than  forty-one  steers  were  contributed  by 
Mr.  Gillett  to  the  show  of  1882,  among  them  being 
McMullin,  champion  of  1881,  brought  back  at  a 
weight  of  2,565  pounds.  This  impressive  demon- 
stration was  backed  up  in  royal  fashion  by  Iowa's 
crown  prince  of  cattle  feeders,  D.  M.  Moninger,  Mr. 
Gillett 's  most  distinguished  disciple,  with  twenty 
massive  corn-fed  bullocks  that  were  rich  enough  to 
sate  the  stomach  of  the  heartiest  John  Bull  in  all 
Britain.  Both  of  these  exhibits  represented  the  last 
word  in  the  open-air,  corn-and-grass-made  beef  of 
the  period.  They  represented  prime-beef  produc- 
tion upon  a  large  commercial  scale.  The  day  of  the 
hand-fed,  sugar-stuffed,  blanketed  and  pampered 
beauties  from  the  basement  boxes  of  professional 
showmen  had  not  yet  struck,  although  near  at  hand. 

Mr,  Moninger 's  Tom  Brown  was  declared  best 


396  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

three-year-old  grade  in  the  show,  and  best  three- 
year-old  of  any  sort  in  the  building.  The  Gillett 
and  Moninger  hosts  carried  away  all  the  carlot 
prizes,  and  to  cap  the  climax  McMullin  was  again, 
after  a  long  and  memorable  contest,  declared  the 
best  beast  of  any  age  or  breed  on  exhibition. 

Various  Types  in  Evidence. — This  was  a  week 
of  intense  interest  to  all  students  of  the  industry. 
The  old  regime  was  successfully  fighting,  but  with 
its  back  against  the  wall.  The  handiwork  of  the 
professional  fitter  was  in  evidence  in  both  Short- 
horn and  Hereford  stalls,  but  there  was  as  yet  no 
settled  standard  being  followed.  John  Hope,  an 
artist  in  the  line  of  bringing  out  purebred  Short- 
horns for  exhibition,  had  come  to  the  rescue  of  the 
falling  fortunes  of  the  Bates  dynasty  by  sending 
over  from  Bow  Park,  Brantford,  Ont.,  from  the 
herd  of  the  Canada  West  Farm  Stock  Association,* 
a  beautiful  big  white  yearling,  weighing  1,620 
pounds,  which  was  afterwards  to  win  fame  greater 
than  any  of  his  predecessors — Clarence  Kirkleving- 
ton.  J.  H.  Potts  &  Son,  famed  in  every  state  fair 


*This  once-famous  nursery  of  Bates-bred  Shorthorn  cattle  was 
founded  by  Hon.  George  Brown,  of  the  Toronto  "Globe."  John 
Hope,  the  manager,  was  an  experienced  English  cattleman,  who 
did  much  to  uphold  the  fortunes  of  the  Bates-bred  cattle  during 
the  evil  days  that  fell  upon  them  as  a  natural  result  of  abuse 
in  methods  of  breeding  met  with  by  a  once-noble  strain  of  cat- 
tle at  the  hands  of  numerous  amateurs  and  speculators  on  both 
sides  of  the  Atlantic.  Hope  had  no  sympathy  with  those  who 
disregarded  individual  merit  in  the  animal,  or  who  dealt  merely 
in  pedigrees.  He  was  a  tower  of  strength  in  a  time  of  need,  and 
with  this  white  bullock,  by  the  great  Duchess  sire,  4th  Duke 
of  Clarence,  he  made  a  record  not  equaled  at  the  fat  stock  show 
before  or  since. 

It  was  to  Bow  Park,  which  he  had  visited  during  his  American 
tour  of  1874,  that  Mr.  John  Clay,  now  head  of  the  live  stock 
commission  house  of  Clay,  Robinson  &  Co.,  came  as  manager 
when  he  left  his  loved  Tweed-side  for  America  in  1879. 


FIRST    FAT    STOCK    SHOWS  397 

showyard  of  the  period  for  their  great  Duke  of 
Eichmond  herds  of  breeding  cattle  of  Aberdeen- 
shire  origin,  were  also  in  the  running,  so  that  the 
big  case  of  Scotch  vs.  Bates,  then  raging  in  the 
Shorthorn  breeding  shows,  here  found  an  echo  in 
the  grosser  competition  for  the  favor  of  the  steer 
feeder  and  the  butcher. 

Potts'  Bed  Major  defeated  Clarence  Kirkleving- 
ton  for  the  yearling  championship,  and  was  pro- 
nounced probably  the  ripest  steer  of  his  age  on  exr 
hibition.  This  naturally  gladdened  the  hearts  of 
the  advocates  of  the  newly  introduced  Scotch  blood ; 
but  the  great  scion  of  the  Duchess-and-Oxford  line 
bided  his  time,  and  lived  to  fight  a  sensationally  suc- 
cessful battle  another  day,  yet  in  the  future.  The 
Messrs.  Graff  of  Canada  also  showed  a  grandly 
fleshed  grade  Shorthorn  steer  called  Canadian 
Champion,  that  received  two  votes  out  of  the  five 
cast  in  the  grand  championship  balloting. 

The  " heavies"  were  also  to  be  seen  in  the  same 
hall  that  housed  such  wonderful  "baby  beeves "  as 
Eed  Major  and  Clarence  Kirklevington.  The  stock 
yards  show  string  was  again  in  evidence — a  half- 
dozen  in  number,  ranging  this  -time  up  to  3,055 
pounds,  or  within  100  pounds  of  the  record  weight 
of  3,155  pounds  of  the  Shorthorn  steer  sent  to  the 
first  show  by  Charles  Miller,  Williamsville,  111., 
concerning  which  the  reporter  of  that  day  naively 
said,  "he  was  rather  coarse  and  was  especially 
faulty  and  ragged  in  the  conformation  of  his 
rump."  Messrs.  Dodge  of  Ohio  helped  out  the 


398  A   HISTORY   OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

"hulk"  division  by  sending  forward  a  pair  of  twin 
Shorthorns  that  together  marked  up  5,250  pounds. 

Imported  Hereford  Steers. — Mr.  Miller  now  had 
all  the  motive  power  needed  behind  the  Here- 
ford propaganda.  The  new  recruits  were  buying 
top  cattle  freely  in  Herefordshire  for  importation, 
and  while  gathering  breeding  stock  did  not  forget 
the  fat  stock  show.  Senator  Cochrane  of  Hillhurst 
brought  out  from  England  the  purebred  three-year- 
old  steer  Sir  Richard  (weight  1,765  pounds),  and 
Earl  &  Stuart  imported  an  extraordinary  two-year- 
old  which  they  named  Wabash.  "Tom"  Clark  had 
bought  him  for  Mr.  Earl  while  in  England  selecting 
the  great  Shadeland  importation  of  breeding  stock 
in  the  fall  of  1881.  He  found  the  bullock  in  offer 
at  an  auction  sale  held  in  the  county  of  Shropshire 
(Salop).*  The  steer  was  put  into  quarantine  at 
Portland,  Me.,  at  a  weight  of  about  1,250  pounds, 
and  in  the  hands  of  Harry  Loveland  made  a  phe- 
nomenal gain,  going  into  the  show  in  the  fall  at  a 
weight  of  1,950  pounds.  Mr.  Clark  says  that  he  was 
one  of  the  most  wonderful  "doers"  he  has  ever 
known.  His  broad  ribs  and  great  depth  of  flesh  in 
the  most  valuable  parts  won  for  his  breed  the  two- 
year-old  championship  of  the  show. 

Sir  Richard  was   sent  into   the  block  test  and 


*John  H.  Yeomans  was  with  Mr.  Clark  upon  this  occasion,  and 
together  they  went  over  the  steers  to  be  sold.  Mr.  Yeomans  ad- 
vised the  purchase  of  a  big-  one,  but  Clark's  fancy  was  caught 
by  a  younger  steer,  which  he  bought.  A  well  known  exhibitor 
at  Smithfield  paid  55  guineas  for  the  big  steer  that  Yeomans 
liked,  and  after  the  sale  asked  Clark,  who  was  unknown  to  him, 
what  he  expected  to  do  with  the  youngster  he  had  bought. 
"Take  him  to  America,"  was  Clark's  reply.  "Well,"  rejoined  the 
other,  "I'm  glad  of  it.  He'll  make  some  one  trouble." 


FIRST    FAT    STOCK    SHOWS  399 

won  the  carcass  championship.  Other  new  exhib- 
itors in  the  Hereford  class  were  A.  A.  Crane  &  Son 
and  Fowler  &  VanNatta.  Mr.  Miller  exhibited  a  lot 
of  grass-fed  grades. 

Opportunity  was  given  for  the  display  of  breed- 
ing cattle  at  this  show,  and  the  Hereford  people 
made  the  most  of  it.  Miller  brought  in  his  famous 
show  bull  Success,  then  near  ten  years  old;  Earl  & 
Stuart  presented  their  newly  imported  Royal  win- 
ners, Sir  Bartle  Frere  and  Garfield,  and  George 
Leigh  exhibited  the  imported  bull  Royal  14th. 

The  pot  was  boiling  furiously  by  this  time  all 
along  the  line,  in  both  the  rival  camps.  Practical 
men  were  seeking  assiduously  the  rehabilitation  of 
the  Shorthorn  along  up-to-date  lines,  and  Hereford 
enthusiasm,  under  the  stimulus  of  an  extensive  de- 
mand for  bulls  from  the  range  and  for  registered 
cattle  for  breeding  herds  in  the  middle  west,  was 
rising  rapidly.  It  only  needed  the  result  of  the  next 
succeeding  fat  stock  show  to  bring  to  a  successful 
close  the  long-drawn-out  struggle  of  the  Herefords 
for  full  and  unreserved  recognition  as  a  type  that 
had  come  to  America  to  stay. 

First  Angus  Show  Steer. — The  year  1883  found 
still  another  Richmond  in  the  field  and  con- 
tending at  the  fat  stock  shows  for  the  favor  of 
American  cattle-growers.  The  Aberdeen-Angus 
polls  were  beginning  to  gain  a  footing  and  the 
Messrs.  Geary  of  Canada,  who  were  early  importers 
of  the  "doddies,"  not  to  be  outdone  by  the  enter- 
prising backers  of  the  Herefords,  shipped  out  from 


400  A  HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Scotland  the  big  level  bullock,  Black  Prince,  for  ex- 
hibition purposes.  The  Kansas  City  (Mo.)  Stock 
Yard  Company  held  during  the  first  week  of  Novem- 
ber, 1883,  the  first  of  a  series  of  fat  stock  shows  at 
Riverview  Park,  and  it  is  characteristic  of  the  enter- 
prise displayed  by  the  advocates  of  the  rival  breeds 
at  that  period  that  the  Gearys  went  to  the  expense 
of  forwarding  this  2,300-pound  steer  from  the  Que- 
bec quarantine  station  to  Kansas  City  by  express, 
in  order  that  the  new  breed  might  not  be  unrepre- 
sented at  that  show.  He  arrived  in  time  for  the 
fray,  and  created  a  genuine  sensation.  A  three- 
cornered  fight,  instead  of  the  duel  between  the  Here- 
fords  and  Shorthorns,  was  thus  precipitated,  and 
the  black-skins  made  a  hit  with  killers  from  the  start. 
"Doddies"  and  "Kilts."  -  -  It  is  difficult  for 
those  who  have  through  long  familiarity  become 
accustomed  to  such  exhibitions  to  realize  the  in- 
tensity of  the  interest  manifested  by  western  farm- 
ers, feeders  and  ranchmen  in  these  first  pitched  bat- 
tles between  the  breeds.  It  is  true  that  the  Here- 
fords  had  by  this  time  ceased  to  be  a  novelty,  but 
the  parade  of  imported  black  polled  breeding  cattle, 
with  Black  Prince  at  their  head,  that  was  sent 
through  the  streets  adjacent  to  the  Kansas  City 
yards  on  the  morning  of  Friday,  Nov.  30,  1883,  was 
a  spectacle  full  of  thrills  to  the  oldest  cattleman 
present.  The  long  line  of  silky-black  hornless 
"beasties"  that  set  out  from  Grant's  old  sale  sta- 
ble, accompanied  by  a  pair  of  "pipers"  in  their 
"kilts,"  had  to  the  most  seasoned  frequenter  of  the 


402  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

yards  all  the  attractiveness  of  the  old-time  circus 
to  the  small  boy  of  the  country  village.* 

This  Kansas  City  show  brought  out  many  of  the 
entries  that  had  been  made  up  primarily  for  Chi- 
cago, and  served  as  an  admirable  curtain-raiser  for 
the  big  event  staged  for  the  succeeding  week  on  the 
Lake  Front.  Potts'  Shorthorn,  Starlight,  won  the 
championship,  although  not  without  angry  protest 
from  both  Hereford  and  Aberdeen-Angus  sources. 
."Stars"  of  a  Memorable  Week.— The  caravan 
that  moved  up  from  Kansas  City  to  Chicago  in  1883 
was  a  notable  one,  in  fact,  a  rare  good  show  in 
itself.  When  the  entries  of  Gillett,  Culbertson, 
Cochrane,  Imboden,  Leigh,  Burleigh,  John  Hope 
and  others  were  added,  it  was  plain  that  the  most 
extraordinary  aggregation  of  show  steers  ever  as- 
sembled up  to  that  time  in  the  United  States  await- 
ed judgment. 

Here  was  the  Kansas  City  champion,  Starlight; 
Earl's  imported  Wabash  and  Hoosier;  Geary's 
Prince;  Fowler  &  VanNatta's  Benton's  Champion 
in  his  two-year-old  form;  "Tom"  Clark's  curly- 
coated  Tuck;  poor  old  McMullin,  twice  champion, 
now  to  be  unnoticed;  Culbertson 's  Roan  Boy,  as  yet 
unknown  to  fame ;  Clarence  Kirklevington ;  Morrow 
&  Renick's  Schooler;  Gillett 's  Storm;  Cochrane 's 
Longner  Monarch;  Ross  &  Sons'  Grand  Chunk; 
Imboden 's  Scratch;  Waddell's  famous  spayed 

*Galloways  too  were  then  just  coming  in,  and  the  representa- 
tives of  both  the  great  Scottish  breeds  participated  in  the  stir- 
ring events  of  this  wek.  The  Leonards,  A.  B.  Matthews,  Gudgell 
&  Simpson  and  M.  R.  Platt  were  pioneers  in  the  black  cattle 
movement  in  the  Kansas  City  territory. 


FIRST  FAT  STOCK:  SHOWS  403 

heifer,  Ohio  Belle;  George  Morgan 's  string  from 
the  Wyoming  Hereford  Association,  and  the  most 
amazing  lot  of  yearling  grades  ever  seen  together 
on  the  continent.  In  fact,  the  show  had  now  arrived 
at  full  stature,  with  the  classes  running  bank-full 
of  quality. 

The  Goal  Attained. — Through  the  early  stages 
of  the  judging  little  comfort  came  the  Shorthorn 
way.  Their  best  three-year-olds  had  twice  gone 
down  before  a  neatly  finished,  short-legged,  richly 
furnished  2,125-pound  steer  of  Mr.  Culbertson 
called  Roan  Boy,  got  by  the  Hereford  bull  Freeport 
(he  by  Success  2d)  out  of  a  roan  heifer  by  the 
Shorthorn  bull  9th  Duke  of  Forest  Hill,  and  bred 
by  J.  H.  Spears.  This  steer  was  a  light  roan  with 
the  characteristic  Hereford  white  markings.  His 
grandam  was  a  pure  white  cow  of  Shorthorn  ex- 
traction. Hereford  men  would  have  -been  quite  as 
well  pleased  if  the  Shorthorn  color,  neatness  of 
bone,  and  levelness  of  quarter  had  not  been  present, 
because,  in  one  way,  they  proved  too  much.  While 
Roan  Boy  was  recognized  from  the  beginning  of 
the  show  as  "in  the  running, "  he  had  no  mortgage 
on  first  place.*  Black  Prince  was  surely  dangerous. 
Starlight,  with  his  good  top  and  light  underline, 

*It  is  all  but  impossible  to  realize  the  depth  of  the  feeling 
engendered  by  these  first  big  "finish"  fights  between  these  breeds. 
The  Shorthorn  power  had  gone  unchallenged  for  so  many  years 
that  their  breeders  refused  to  take  the  situation  seriously.  Miller 
and  William  H.  Sotham  were  called  "cranks";  their  cattle  had  no 
"breeding"  ;  were,  in  fact,  "plain,  ugly-horned  and  peaked- 
rumped."  No  cattle  breeder  having  a  pride  in  the  ownership  of 
"cattle  with  a  history"  or  who  appreciated  beauty  and  finish  in 
fine  cattle  could  afford  to  handle  these  ugly  and  plebeian  in- 
truders. In  brief,  the  Shorthorn  breeders  ridiculed  the  Here- 
fords  and  predicted  for  them  a  short-lived  American  popularity. 


404  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

looked  good  to  butchers  who  counted  wastes.  Mr. 
Gillett 's  McMullin  was  of  course  impossible.  It  was 
almost  a  crime  to  bring  him  back,  but  he  had  a 
pasture-brother  called  Storm  that  was  possibly  the 
best  steer,  from  the  viewpoint  of  the  "progres- 
sives" of  that  day,  that  Mr.  Gillett  had  ever  pro- 
duced, standing  much  nearer  the  ground  than  was 
customary  with  the  Gillett  cattle.  Then  there  was 
Mr.  Earl's  imported  Wabash,  back  again  at  a 
weight  of  2,350  pounds. 

It  is  doubtful  if  there  has  ever  been  a  ring  of 
cattle  judged  in  America  where  the  issue  was  await- 
ed with  greater  interest  than  this  championship  of 
the  Chicago  show  of  1883.  The  short  leet  (those 
drawn  for  final  adjudication)  contained  not  one  sin- 
gle specimen  of  the  old-time  type.  Their  day  was 
almost  done.  Weight  was  still  in  evidence,  but  it 
was  carried  in  smaller  compass  and  on  shorter  legs. 

Two  votes  were  finally  cast  for  Eoan  Boy,  and 
that  of  the  other  committeeman  for  Wabash.*  The 


"The  author,  as  a  young  man,  had  the  task  of  reporting  this 
show,  and  turning  back  to  our  old  notes  we  find  the  following: 

"In  Roan  Boy's  vacant  stall,  cool  and  collected,  Mr.  Culbertson 
sat  awaiting  the  result.  No  outward  sign  betrayed  the  intense 
interest  which  he,  above  all  others,  must  have  felt  in  the  de- 
cision. The  Hereford  yell  reached  his  ears,  but  scarcely  sooner 
than  the  swift-footed  Clark,  who  was  tl\e  first  to  convey  the 
news  of  victory  and  grasp  the  hand  of  the  man  to  whom  Here- 
fords  owe  more  than  to  any  other  in  America.  An  impromptu 
levee  was  in  an  instant  begun;  and  without  the  least  show  of 
exultation,  the  fortunate  owner  of  the  prize  animal,  Grant-like, 
lit  a  cigar  and  received  the  congratulations  of  his  friends,  dis- 
patching 'Charlie'  to  cable  the  news  to  Mr.  Price,  at  Bingley 
Hall,  Birmingham,  Eng.  'It  was  a  famous  victory';  but  the 
champion's  roan  coat  reflected  a  share  of  the  glory  back  upon 
his  mother's  Shorthorn  ancestry." 

Roan  Boy  was  sold  to  H.  M.  Kinsley,  proprietor  of  the  leading 
restaurant  of  that  date  in  Chicago,  who  pronounced  the  beef  the 
finest  he  had  ever  seen.  His  horns  were  saved,  mounted  and  pre- 
sented by  Mr.  Culbertson  to  "The  Breeder's  Gazette,"  and  have 
ever  since  decorated  a  space  in  the  walls  of  the  office  of  that 
publication. 


• 


DOT    ABERDEEN-ANGUS    CHAMPION,     BRED    BY     WALLACE    ESTILL,    FED 
OUT  BY  JOHN   G.   IMBODEN— From  drawing  by  Lou  Burk. 


BLACK    PRINCE— GEARY    BROS.'    IMPORTED    ABERDEEN-ANGUS— From 
drawing  by  Lou  Burk. 


406  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

long-sought  honor  had  not  only  been  achieved,  but 
backed  up  as  well  by  a  ' l  reserve ' '  vote.  The  echoes 
of  the  Hereford  cheers  by  which  this  victory  was 
greeted  lingered  long  in  the  memory  of  visitors. 
The  " white  face"  had  at  last  definitely  " arrived. " 
His  worth  was  now  definitely  acknowledged  by  the 
High  Court  of  Last  Appeal,  and  he  took  his  place 
from  that  day  forward  as  a  fixed  factor  in  American 
beef-making. 

Clarence  Kirklevington's  Year. — One  of  the  last 
great  products  of  the  Bates  Shorthorn  blood  in 
North  America  was  the  white  steer  Clarence  Kirk- 
levington,  above  referred  to.  He  was  bred  in  the 
purple  and  had  been  handled  at  Bow  Park  with  con- 
summate skill.  Although  forced,  from  calfhood,  by 
all  the  methods  known  to  English  showyard  gen- 
erals, this  wonderful  specimen  of  his  breed  came 
back  to  the  show  of  1884  to  register  the  greatest  tri- 
umph standing  to  the  credit  of  any  steer  ever  ex- 
hibited at  an  American  fat  stock  show.  At  a  weight 
of  2,400  pounds  he  was  still  smooth  as  a  mole,  al- 
though somewhat  soft  in  his  handling.  His  great 
arched  back,  tremendous  quarters,  depth,  breadth, 
and  above  all,  his  commanding  presence,  finely-set 
head  and  neck,  beautiful  horns  and  general  show  of 
" blood"  and  "finish"  gave  to  him  a  distinction  at- 
taching to  none  of  his  competitors. 

In  this  steer  the  old  Bates  ideal  found  full  frui- 
tion— individual  merit  of  a  high  order  joined  to  the 
aristocratic  bearing  and  " character"  which  consti- 
tuted the  main  asset  of  the  type  he  represented 


FIRST    FAT    STOCK    SHOWS  407 

during  its  declining  years.  But  he  had  no  walk-over 
at  this  show.  There  was  Benton's  Champion,  Mr. 
VanNatta's  great  long-quartered  rich-ribbed  cross- 
bred Hereford-Shorthorn  that  gained  "The  Breed- 
er's Gazette "  Challenge  Trophy  for  best  beast  in 
the  show  bred  and  fed  by  the  exhibitor.*  There 
was  the  burly  Black  Prince  again,  Gillett's  Storm, 
and  Gudgell  &  Simpson's  grand  Hereford  Suspense 
by  Anxiety  4th,  which  gave  the  first  great  promise 
of  what  that  bull  was  destined  to  do  for  the  quarters 
and  thighs  of  western  "white  faces."  There  were 
the  Aberdeen-Angus  "blocks"  entered  by  James  J. 
Hill  of  Great  Northern  Railway  fame  and  T.  W. 
Harvey,  the  Chicago  lumberman,  whose  Turlington, 
Neb.,  herd  afterwards  attained  such  celebrity  under 
" Willie"  Watson.  There  was  Mr.  fcarl's  Hoosier, 
by  Lord  Wilton,  and  a  crack  Shorthorn  from  Ohio 
named  Charlie  Eoss.  But  all  had  to  make  way  for 
Clarence  Kirklevington.  He  was  not  only  champion 
alive,  but  champion  dead,  beating  all  opponents  on 
the  block  as  well  as  on  the  hoof — an  accumulation  of 
honors  that  still  stands  as  a  record  for  all  comers  to 
shoot  at. 

This  was  the  last  grand  appearance,  however,  by 
the  strain  of  blood  which  Clarence  Kirklevington 
so  impressively  represented.  We  have  already  seen 
that  the  old  Gillett  type  passed  into  history  in  a 

*This  was  a  diamond-studded  shield  of  gold  made  from  an 
original  design  by  Tiffany's — a  duplicate  of  which  was  offered 
at  the  Kansas  City  show.  The  object  was  to  encourage  those  who 
produced  their  own  show  cattle,  as  against  those  who,  by  reason 
of  their  command  of  money,  could  go  out  and  buy  their  show 
material. 


408  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

blaze  of  glory  with  the  ribbons  flying  from  McMul- 
lin's  horns.  Fire  often  flashes  into  one  last  brilliant 
flare  before  it  turns  to  ashes.  So  with  Clarence 
Kirklevington.  The  race  of  his  kind  was  almost 
run,  but  his  victories  glorified  their  declining  days. 

Regulus  and  Grace. — In  1885  Fowler  &  Van- 
Natta  again  turned  the  tide,  obtaining  the  coveted 
premier  position  with  the  brockle-faced  bullock 
Regulus.  Notable  features  were  the  return  of  the 
great  Anxiety  steer  Suspense,  the.  appearance  of 
the  captivating  yearling  grades  by  Earl's  Sir  Bartle 
Frere,  Swan  Bros.'  sensational  Hereford  cow 
Grace,  Elbert  &  Fall's  sappy  Shorthorn  yearling 
Cleveland,  Morrow  &  Renick's  famous  short-tailed 
broad-loined  Shorthorn-grade  Schooler,  J.  J.  Hill's 
black  Benholm,  and  Gudgell  &  Simpson's  Angus 
Sandy. 

Rudolph  Jr.,  Nigger,  Sandy  and  Plush.— The 
year  1886  brought  the  first  two-year-old  champion, 
in  fact,  developed  three  two-year-olds  whose  su- 
periors as  a  trio  have  not  since  been  seen;  and 
most  significant  fact  of  all,  neither  carried  Short- 
horn blood.  This  was  a  sweeping  away  of  1878 
standards  with  a  vengeance,  both  in  respect  to  age, 
type  and  blood! 

George  Morgan,  manager  for  the  Wyoming  Here- 
ford Cattle  Co.,  exhibited  two  of  these — one  the 
purebred  Rudolph  Jr.,  by  the  $3,500  imported 
show  bull,  "the  mighty  Rudolph,"  by  The  Grove 
3d;  the  other  a  white-faced  black-poll  named  Nig- 
ger. The  third  was  Gudgell  &  Simpson's  Sandy,  a 


FIRST    FAT    STOCK    SHOWS  409 

purebred  Aberdeen- Angus.*  There  has  never  been 
a  harder  fought  match  in  our  national  cattle  shows 
than  that  waged  between  these  phenomenal  young- 
sters for  the  two-year-old  championship  of  this 
event,  which  was  eventually  won  by  Nigger. 

An  account  of  this  historic  contest,  written  by  the 
author  for  "The  Breeder's  Gazette, "  of  Nov.  18, 
1886,  ran  as  follows: 

"The  two-year-old  contestants  constituted  the 
most  remarkable  ring  of  the  entire  week,  and  it  is 
probably  not  going  too  far  to  claim  that  no  such 
trio  of  bullocks  of  this  age  as  Sandy,  the  Aberdeen- 
Angus,  Nigger,  the  champion  of  the  grades  and 
crosses,  and  Rudolph  Jr.,  representing  the  purebred 
Herefords,  have  ever  been  seen  in  one  ring  since 
this  show  began.  Morrow  &  Renick's  Tempest  stood 
for  the  honor  of  the  purebred  Shorthorns,  and  Mr. 
Younger 's  Choice  upheld  the  Devon  colors,  but  in 
such  extraordinary  company  they  were  unequal  to 
the  emergency. 

"We  can  scarcely  imagine  a  more  thankless  task 
than  that  of  deciding  as  to  where  the  greater  merit 
lay  as  between  Sandy,  Rudolph,  and  Nigger.  It  was 
one  of  those  places  where  the  closest  judge  might 
well  feel  disposed  to  'kick  himself '  after  having 
given  it  to  either,  and  we  have  not  the  slightest 
doubt  that  in  finally  declaring  the  superb  Wyoming 
poll  the  victor  the  committee  felt  inwardly  that  in 
all  probability  they  had  not  only  wronged  the  Kan- 
sas City  champion,  but  sinned  against  the  grand 
legacy  of  Rudolph's  loins.  Nigger's  greatest 
strength  lay  where  his  rivals  were  probably  the 
most  vulnerable.  His  quarter  and  thigh  were  al- 

*Gudgell  &  Simpson  originally  handled  Aberdeen  polls  as  well 
as  Herefords,  one  of  their  greatest  black  bulls  being  imp.  Knight 
of  St..  Patrick,  that  sired  many  of  the  most  valuable  Angus  cat- 
tle of  his  day. 


410  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

most  a  model  of  perfection.  Rudolph  Jr.  's,  although 
probably  as  heavy,  drooped  a  trifle  and  were  scarce- 
ly as  thickly  filled,  while  there  was  a  suspicion  of  a 
' pinch'  from  Sandy's  hooks  to  tail.  Forward  the 
Hereford  was  probably  the  better  of  the  three,  i.  e., 
so  far  as  covering  of  the  shoulder  was  concerned, 
Nigger's  shoulder-point  and  blade  being  about  the 
only  points  of  his  entire  carcass  that  were  not  al- 
most wholly  buried  in  flesh. 

" Sandy  had.  two  good  ends  and  a  middle,  his 
great  strength  lying  in  his  general  symmetry  from 
head  to  hocks.  Not  as  great  behind  as  Nigger,  and 
possibly  not  the  equal  of  Rudolph  at  iiie  shoulder, 
he  was  so  good  in  both  respects  and  carried  a  rib 
thrown  out  and  down  with  such  a  noble  arch  as  to 
cast  a  doubt  as  to  the  accuracy  of  any  award  that 
placed  him  behind  his  competitors.  Nigger's  rib 
sprang  well  at  the  start,  but  flattened  somewhat  on 
the  side,  and  this  it  was  (in  connection  with  his 
grandly-filled  flanks)  that  made  him  almost  a  walk- 
ing parallelogram.  But  it  is  idle  to  attempt  by  any 
amount  of  this  sort  of  reasoning  to  arrive  at  any 
conclusion  that  should  declare  either  steer  of  this 
now  famous  trio  much  the  best  beast  of  the  lot,  and 
if  we  have  said  enough  to  convey  to  those  who  failed 
to  see  the  bullocks  the  idea  that  the  merit  of  the  de- 
feated animals  was  so  great  as  to  warrant  their 
sharing  almost  equally  with  the  winner  the  glory  of 
this  championship,  we  have  accomplished  our  pur- 
pose. 

"  Nigger  was  the  officially-declared  two-year-old 
champion  of  the  show  and  as  good  a  one  as  ever 
claimed  that  honor,  but  in  the  minds  of  very  many 
unprejudiced  judges,  who  enjoyed  an  examination 
of  his  two  great  competitors,  Eudolph  Jr.  and 
Sandy,  will  be  regarded  as  having  thoroughly  di- 


FIRST    FAT    STOCK    SHOWS  411 

vided  the  honor  with  the  extraordinary  white-faced 
'blackskin'  from  the  western  range.  As  Rudolph's 
colors  went  down  before  the  get  of  an  Angus  poll, 
it  is  not  strange  that  Harry  Yeomans,  who  helped 
the  Nigger  calf  into  the  world  about  the  ides 
of  May,  1884,  should  feel  out  of  patience  with  him- 
self for  not  having  strangled  on  the  spot  the  pale- 
faced  doddy  that  lived  to  plague  all  Heref ordom  by 
trouncing  a  purebred  son  of  the  mighty  Eudolph  at 
the  Smithfield  of  1886.  But  the  Hereford  bided  his 
time.*1 

By  this  time  competition  for  the  championship  of 
the  show  had  been  limited  to  the  breed  champions, 
and  when  the  ballots  in  that  closing  competition 
were  cast  it  was  found  that  Eudolph  Jr.  had  turned 
the  tables  on  Nigger  and  by  a  vote  of  two  to  one  had 
defeated  J.  J.  Hill's  big  Angus  bullock  Wildy,  the 
latter  receiving  Mr.  Imboden's  vote  for  the  cham- 
pionship. 

This  show  was  also  memorable  for  the  presenta- 
tion by  Messrs.  Swan  &  Bosler  of  Indianola,  la.,  of 
a  two-year-old  grade  Hereford  well  named  Plush, 
fitted  with  rare  skill  by  Mr.  John  Gosling  especially 
for  the  block  test.  He  was  not  so  formidable  on  the 
hoof,  but  "died"  better  than  had  any  other  steer 
yet  offered  on  the  block  at  these  shows.  In  fineness 
of  texture,  and  in  delicate  intermingling  of  lean  and 
fatty  tissue  promising  epicurean  delights  at  table, 
Plush's  ribs  and  loins  were  a  revelation.  He  justly 
received  first  prize  in  his  class  and  the  champion- 
ship in  the  carcass  competition. 

The  Pendulum  Swings  Back. — Progress  toward 
;<fine  beef  in  small  packages"  received  a  slight 


412  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

setback  in  1887,  when  Mr.  Moninger's  red  two- 
year-old  Shorthorn  Dr.  Glick,  shown  at  a  weight  of 
1,855  pounds,  was  made  champion.  True,  he  was 
not  an  aged  steer,  but  he  was  scarcely  of  the  blocky 
sort  toward  which  late  decisions  had  been  tending. 
There  was  not  as  "toppy"  a  lot  on  exhibition  this 
year  as  in  1886,  however.  Perhaps  that  accounts 
for  an  apparent  reaction. 

The .  Galloways  were  out  in  good  form  both  at 
Kansas  City  and  Chicago,  and  one  of  them  won  the 
carcass  championship  at  the  latter  show.  Sussex 
cattle,  owned  by  Mr.  Overton  Lea  of  Tennessee, 
were  seen  also  and  attracted  attention  as  a  profit- 
able butcher's  type. 

First  Angus  Champion.  -  -  Wallace  Estill,  one 
of  Missouri's  most  successful  cattle-feeders,  had 
shown  in  1887  the  yearling  purebred  Angus  Dot, 
that  won  prizes  and  was  regarded  as  about  the  tidi- 
est bit  of  baby  beef  the  west  had  yet  seen.  John 
Imboden  bought  him  at  the  Chicago  show  and  took 
him  down  to  his  Decatur  feedlots  to  see  what  could 
be  done  during  another  twelve  months'  feeding  pe- 
riod. He  came  back  unbeatable,  gaining  the  1888 
championship  with  little  grumbling  from  any  quar- 
ter, weighing  1,515  pounds  at  863  days  old,  a  living 
exemplification  of  what  was  meant  by  the  expression 
so  often  heard,  "the  greatest  weight  in  the  smallest 
superficies."  He  had  been  steered  by  Mr.  Estill 
because  he  had  white  markings,  not  recognized  as 
admissible  in  Angus  breeding  cattle.  Dot's  chief 
competitor  was  John  Hope's  champion  of  the  Short- 


EI.BERT    &    FALLS'     SHORTHORN    STEER    CLEVELAND — From    drawing    by 

Lou    Burk. 


WYOMING    HEREFORD    CATTLE    CO.'S    RUDOLPH,    JR.— From    drawing    by 

Palmer. 


414  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

horn  class,  Brant  Chief.  Mr.  H.  H.  dough's  Here- 
ford Daniel  won  "The  Breeder's  Gazette"  Chal- 
lenge Shield,  and  Overton  Lea's  Sussex  Rosewood- 
conditioned  by  one  of  America's  cleverest  feeders, 
John  Letham — took  the  carcass  championship,  and 
a  wonderfully  fine  body  of  beef  it  was.* 

A  Melting  Pot.  -  -  Having  now  sketched  the 
revolutionary  character  of  this  great  educational 
institution  to  the  date  when  it  settled  down  into  a 
good-natured  contest  between  the  types  that  still 
hold  the  center  of  the  stage,  we  must  turn  at  this 
point — our  special  business  being  with  the  Here- 
fords — to  details  of  important  importations  and  to 
the  breeding,  showyard  and  salering  operations  of 
those  who  first  distributed  Hereford  cattle  widely 
throughout  the  United  States.  Before  taking  up 
this,  however,  we  wish  to  emphasize  the  fact  that  a 
realizing  sense  of  a  very  important  truth  had 
dawned  upon  the  cattle-growers  of  the  central  west 
as  a  result  of  this  remarkable  series  of  shows. 

Shorthorn  breeders  were  no  longer  supercilious 
in  their  consideration  of  the  claims  of  the  Hereford. 
Where  they  had  once  scoffed  they  now  conceded.  On 
their  part  the  Hereford  men  saw  in  Eoan  Boy,  Ben- 
ton's  Champion  aiid  other  prize-winners  of  mixed 
derivation  ample  proof  of  great  results  to  be  at- 

*This  first  blood  for  the  Scotch  polls  roused  the  Aberdeen- 
Angus  contingent  to  a  high  pitch.  The  brass  band  at  the  ring- 
side started  "Yankee  Doodle"  in  honor  of  the  victory  of  "The 
States"  over  Canada,  but  when  somebody  tipped  it  off  that  the 
champion  black  was  "all  Scotch"  and  that  Hope's  "runner  up" 
was  got  by  a  Scotch-bred  bull,  a  rattling  medley  of  Scotch  na- 
tional airs  followed,  including  everything  from  "Dumbarton 
Drums"  to  "Annie  Laurie."  We  do  not  seem  to  have  such  stirring 
scenes  in  "these  degenerate  days." 


FIRST    FAT    STOCK    SHOWS  415 

tained  by  farmers  and  ranchmen  by  a  mingling  of 
the  bloods.  This  was  of  course  the  beginning  of 
the  end  of  that  intolerance  that  had  characterized 
the  earlier  introduction  of  the  Herefords.  Mr.  Gil- 
lett  and  his  colleagues  had  demonstrated  at  the 
earliest  shows  that  the  Shorthorn  had  not  altogether 
gone  to  perdition  for  practical  farm  purposes,  and 
that  the  Herefords  were  not  the  one  and  only  cattle 
worth  handling.  In  short,  reason  regained  her  place 
in  the  calculations  of  unprejudiced  men,  who  admit- 
ted candidly  that  the  Fat  Stock  Show  had  pointed 
the  way  to  a  due  appreciation  of  all  good  bloods. 
Not  only  that,  but  the  advocates  of  each  knew  that 
they  had  now  to  work  together  towards  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  similar  and  an  earlier-maturing  type. 

Some  day  the  whole  story  of  the  Fat  Stock  Show 
should  be  told.  It  was  the  clearing  house  for  all 
who  participated  in  the  work  of  shifting  the  basis 
of  American  beef  cattle  breeding  from  an  old  to  a 
new  dispensation.  Old  methods  were  on  trial  for 
their  very  existence.  New  breeds,  new  ideas,  new 
faces  and  big  capital  kept  the  fires  burning  brightly 
from  one  year's  end  to  another.  It  was  a  crucible 
into  which  all  available  material,  new  and  old,  was 
thrown  and  tested.  Nobody  knew  just  what  the 
next  Fat  Stock  Show  would  bring  out  or  demon- 
strate. This  kept  the  interest  in  these  successive 
shows  at  fever  heat. 

By  day  the  discussions  and  comparisons  went  on 
at  the  Exposition  Building,  and  at  night  the  war- 
riors of  the  week  held  court  at  the  Grand  Pacific — 


416  A  HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD  CATTLE 

Olympian  nights,  with  the  " immortals "  all  in  form! 
Those  walls  could  indeed  tell  many  a  tale,  were  they 
not  dumb,  of  "parliaments"  at  which  clever  "chair- 
men" ruled  the  roast;  where  Drake  and  Parker 
served  viands  and  vintages  of  the  best;  where 
wit  and  wisdom,  jibe  and  repartee,  went  round; 
where  fields  once  fought  were  fought  again,  and  all 
the  problems  of  the  past,  present  and  future  were 
soundly  settled,  at  least  for  the  night. 

Indeed  it  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  out  of  these 
annual  interchanges  of  ideas,  confidences  and  ex- 
periences, out  of  the  spirit  of  good-fellowship  and 
mutual  respect  that  flowed  from  these  impromptu 
gatherings,  and  from  the  touch  of  opposing  steel 
at  the  show  itself,  there  ultimately  grew  that  spirit 
of  fraternity  and  equality  that  today  is  such  a 
marked  and  happy  feature  of  contemporary  cattle 
breeding. 

"All  for  one,  and  one  for  all,"  the  motto  of  the 
"Three  Guardsmen,"  has  finally  come  to  be  the 
slogan  of  those  who,  far  removed  from  those  early 
scenes  of  bitter  showyard  strife,  now  draw  their 
chairs  together  each  December  at  the  Saddle  and 
Sirloin  Club,  and  thank  the  fates  that  they  are  allies 
in  a  common  cause — no  longer  enemies. 


CHAPTER  IX. 
HEAVY  BUYING  IN  ENGLAND  BEGINS. 

The  history  of  live  stock  husbandry  affords  few 
parallels  to  the  situation  rapidly  developed  in  Here- 
ford cattle  breeding  in  the  western  states  about  the 
year  1880.  Almost  like  a  bolt  out  of  a  blue  sky  the 
fact  flashed  upon  those  who  had  become  interested 
in  the  breed  that  an  almost  illimitable  field  for 
Hereford  activity  existed  in  the  far  west — a  field 
which  in  extent  and  possibilities  could  not  then  be 
fully  comprehended.  If,  as  was  generally  believed, 
a  type  had  now  been  found  that  possessed  quali- 
fications for  open  range  service  absolutely  unap- 
proached  by  any  other  breed,  it  meant  a  new  and 
important  industry  in  the  middle  west — the  produc- 
tion of  bulls  for  a  breeding  and  grazing  ground  ex- 
tending all  the  way  from  Mexico  to  the  British  pos- 
sessions. 

The  call  was  urgent.  It  came  from  the  mountain 
valleys  and  the  plains  of  all  western  North  America. 
It  was  a  call  for  vigorous  impressive  bulls  that 
could  stand  grief  and  be  depended  upon  to  leave 
behind  a  progeny  well  adapted  to  the  business  of 
converting  the  wild  grasses  of  the  range  into  mar- 
ketable beef  under  the  rigorous  conditions  imposed 
by  the  soil  and  climate  of  those  regions.  The  Short- 

417 


418  A  HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

horns  of  that  period  were  doing  the  best  they 
could  to  fill  these  exacting  requirements,  but  were 
not  in  many  cases  able  to  cope  satisfactorily  with 
the  iron  environment  of  the  open  range.  The  blood 
was  there,  however,  and  constituted  a  foundation 
upon  which  the  sturdier  " white  faces"  could  be 
crossed  with  reasonable  certainty  of  securing  in  the 
offspring  size,  shape,  rustling  power,  a  uniform 
color  and  unsurpassed  grazing  quality.  The  Here- 
ford's day  in  America  had  fully  dawned  at  last. 

In  preparing  to  meet  the  demand  that  was  now 
full  upon  them  American  breeders  and  importers 
made  drafts  upon  the  Herefordshire  herds — greater 
drafts  perhaps  than  were  ever  drawn  before  or 
since  within  so  short  a  space  of  time  against  any  of 
the  improved  types  evolved  in  the  Old  World.  In- 
deed at  one  time  it  looked  almost  like  a  virtual 
transfer  of  a  breed  from  its  ancestral  pastures,  so 
heavy  was  the  drain.  Not  only  were  the  importa- 
tions frequent  and  the  numbers  large,  but  wealthy 
American  buyers  dipped  deep  into  the  very  cream 
of  the  old  country's  richest  breeding  herds  almost 
regardless  of  price.  Tempted  by  the  "almighty 
dollar"  the  English  tenant  farmers  let  go  freely  of 
their  best.  The  reward  of  a  century's  good  work 
was  reaped  by  them  in  measure  fairly  unprece- 
dented. 

During  the  years  immediately  following  1880 
some  5,000  head  of  registered  English-bred  Here- 
fords  were  transferred  to  American  pastures.  It  is 
manifestly  impossible  to  enter  into  full  details  con- 


HEAVY  BUYING  IN  ENGLAND  BEGINS  419 

cerning  such  extensive  operations.  For  the  most 
part  the  importations  consisted  of  good  useful  well 
bred  young  cattle  suited  to  the  needs  of  those  who 
desired  to  handle  Herefords  in  a  practical  commer- 
cial way;  they  do  not  require  individual  mention 
in  this  connection.  They  came,  fulfilled  their  mis- 
sion on  farm  or  ranch,  and  their  blood  is  today  scat- 
tered far  and  wide  wherever  white-faced  cattle  are 
appreciated.  Certain  shipments,  however,  had  such 
historic  importance  and  such  far-reaching  effect 
upon  the  business  as  to  require  particular  mention. 
C.  M.  Culbertson. — In  all  probability  the  most 
powerful  recruit  attracted  to  the  Hereford  ranks  in 
the  central  west  during  this  extraordinary  era  was 
the  late  Charles  M.  Culbertson,  a  retired  Chicago 
packer,  and  owner  of  a  2,300-acre  tract  of  valuable 
land  near  Newman,  Douglas  Co.,  111.  Mr.  Culbert- 
son was  a  man  of  sterling  character,  a  business  man 
of  the  best  type,  well  known  in  Chicago's  high 
financial  circles,  and  universally  respected.  Pos- 
sessed of  a  strong  individuality  and  pleasing  per- 
sonality, his  reputation  for  integrity  and  practical 
business  ability  gained  for  him  the  confidence  of  all 
with  whom  he  came  in  contact.  He  not  only  became 
intensely  interested  in  Hereford  cattle  breeding,  but 
he  was  able  to  exert  an  influence  among  a  large 
circle  of  friends  and  acquaintances  having  similar 
tastes  that  proved  a  potent  factor  in  the  great  ex- 
pansion which  took  place  in  the  Hereford  cattle 
trade  in  the  middle  west  during  the  early  "  eigh- 
ties. " 


420  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD  CATTLE 

Hereford  Park.— When  in  business  as  a  young 
man  in  the  Wabash  Valley  Mr.  Culbertson  had  fre- 
quent occasion  to  ride  horseback  through  central 
Indiana  and  Illinois,  and  in  Douglas  county  he 
noted  a  body  of  land  that  at  once  commended  itself 
to  his  judgment.  Early  as  the  day  then  was,  he 
foresaw  the  future  that  awaited  these  "broad 
lands "  now  teeming  with  their  wealth  of  corn,  cat- 
tle and  grass,  and  he  "  entered "  what  was  then  the 
nucleus  of  the  estate  afterwards  famous  as  Hereford 
Park.  Among  his  earliest  acts  and  one  which  yield- 
ed a  thousand-fold  return,  timber  being  rather 
scarce  on  the  place,  was  the  planting  of  a  15-acre 
grove  of  walnuts.  The  main  farmhouse  and  barns, 
as  well  as  this  grove,  were  centrally  located,  the 
land  rising  gradually  to  the  north.  In  selecting  this 
spot  for  barns,  sheds  and  feedlots  advantage  was 
taken  of  the  southern  exposure,  as  well  as  of  a  nat- 
ural amphitheater  sloping  in  all  directions  south- 
ward to  a  central  point,  where  an  ample  pool  such 
as  stockmen  usually  used  in  those  days  afforded  an 
abundant  water  supply.  The  various  pastures  were 
so  arranged  that  they  cornered  at  or  near  the  feed- 
lots  and  the  walnut  grove,  the  former  affording 
shelter  from  storms  in  winter  and  the  latter  a  grate- 
ful shade  in  the  hot  summer  months.  The  barns 
were  models  of  convenience,  evincing  the  practical 
bent  of  the  proprietor's  mind. 

Mr.  Culbertson  had  for  some  years  been  an  ex- 
tensive feeder  of  cattle  for  market  and  had  accumu- 
lated a  good  herd  of  grade  Shorthorn  cows,  some 


CHAS.   M.   CULBBRT80N. 


422  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

of  the  John  D.  Gillett  blood.  His  first  purchase  of 
Herefords  was  made  from  Mr.  Miller  in  1877.  The 
first  lot  comprised  about  fifteen  head,  including 
heifers  by  Success  and  Sir  Charles.  His  first  bulls 
were  Success  2d,  bred  by  William  Powell,  Eidge- 
ville  Boy  1476,  bred  by  Tom  Clark  from  Sir  Arthur, 
and  Seventy-Six,  by  Sir  Eichard  2d.  He  also  bought 
cows  from  the  herds  of  Messrs.  Blake,  Atkinson  and 
Burleigh  of  Maine,  including  daughters  of  Sir  Eich- 
ard 2d.  Eeferences  to  his  ownership  of  Sir  Eichard 
2d  and  to  his  first  Fat  Stock  Show  winnings  have 
already  been  made  in  preceding  chapters.  Finally 
convinced  of  the  value  of  the  blood  for  steer  breed- 
ing and  feeding  purposes,  Mr.  Culbertson  embarked 
upon  a  series  of  importations  from  Herefordshire 
and  of  purchases  of  ' '  tops ' '  from  the  best  American 
sources  which  soon  made  the  herd  at  Hereford  Park 
the  premier  establishment  of  its  kind  in  the  state  of 
Illinois. 

Anxiety  Imported. — One  of  his  first  important 
moves  was  to  send  George  Morgan  to  England  to 
select  a  first-class  bull  and  a  few  heifers  for  im- 
portation. This  was  in  1879.  Morgan  gladly  made 
the  journey  back  to  his  native  haunts,  and  had  the 
judgment  or  the  rare  luck  to  select  the  bull  which 
had  been  named  Anxiety  by  his  breeder,  T.  J.  Car- 
wardine,  as  narrated  in  a  preceding  chapter.  Some 
heifers,  a  few  of  them  show  animals,  were  also 
bought.  These  included  Spangle  3d  from  Mrs.  Ed- 
wards of  Wintercott;  Nancy  2d,  bred  by  T.  Myddle- 
ton;  Apple  Blossom,  from  Stocktonbury  and  got  by 


HEAVY  BUYING  IN  ENGLAND  BEGINS  423 

Eodney;  Nancy,  also  bred  by  Carwardine  and  got 
by  Longhorns;  and  Fancy,  of  Aaron  Rogers'  breed- 
ing. The  yearling  bull  Sir  Garnett  2489,  bred  by 
Ben  Eogers  and  sired  by  The  Grove  3d,  was  also 
bought.* 

Morgan  could  not  possibly  have  foreseen  at  that 
time  Anxiety 's  real  value.  No  more  could  Carwar- 
dine. He  had  been  unbeaten  as  a  calf  at  the  shows 
of  1877,  including  the  Royal,-  the  Bath  and  West, 
the  Herefordshire,  Ludlow,  Leominster,  and  New- 
port exhibitions.  As  a  yearling  he  was  first  at  the 
Worcestershire,  and  second  at  the  other  important 
events.  As  a  two-year-old  in  1879  he  swept  the 
boards  at  the  Royal  and  was  second  at  the  Bath  and 
West.  He  was  recognized  as  one  of  the  crack  young 
bulls  of  the  day,  but  there  was  nothing  on  which 
to  base  any  opinion  so  far  as  his  probable  value  as 
a  stock-getter  was  concerned.  So  Morgan  bought 
him  at  the  very  good  price  of  200  guineas,  and  in 
all  probability  Carwardine  thought  him  quite  well 
sold  at  that  figure.  The  bull  had  some  slight  de- 
formity in  his  front  feet  and  ankles,  and  besides  was 
faulted  somewhat  by  the  ' '  talent ' '  about  the  British 
showyards  as  being  rather  too  "effeminate"  to  ever 
make  a  good  breeding  bull.  But  alas  for  the  falli- 
bility of  human  judgments ! 

Anxieties  3d  and  4th. — The  cow  Tiny,  by  Long- 

*Mr.  John  Gosling  chanced  to  be  in  England  at  the  time  on 
a  visit  home,  and  quite  by  accident  he  met  Morgan  and  Joe  Scott 
in  the  streets  of  Liverpool  the  day  the  cattle  were  being  loaded 
for  America.  Morgan  said,  "John,  come  with  me  and  I'll  show 
you  the  best  bull  you  ever  saw."  This  was,  of  course,  Anxiety, 
and  Gosling  was  so  interested  that  he  assisted  in  the  debarkation 
to  the  extent  of  leading  the  famous  bull  on  board  the  ship  about 
to  sail  for  America. 


424  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

horns — also  the  mother  of  Sir  Bartle  Frere,  by 
Lord  Wilton — was  even  then  nursing  one  of  the 
first  of  Anxiety's  get  at  Stocktonbury,  a  calf  that 
was  slated  for  a  great  career  in  the  United  States. 
Still  another  of  Mr.  Carwardine's  cows,  Gay  Lass, 
also  by  Longhorns,  was  at  the  time  carrying  to 
Anxiety's  cover  the  bull  of  all  bulls  so  far  as  Ameri- 
can Hereford  history  is  concerned.  The  first  was 
Anxiety  3d  4466  (Clark's),  whose  daughters  at  one 
time  ruled  our  western  shows;  the  other  was  Anxi- 
ety 4th  9904  (Gudgell  &  Simpson's),  one  of  the  best 
stock  bulls  ever  produced  by  any  breed  in  any  coun- 
try at  any  time  since  cattle  annals  have  been  kept. 
Prettyface. — Yet  another  Longhorns  cow,  named 
Prettymaid,  dropped  in  August,  1879,  a  heifer  by 
Anxiety  that  as  a  two-year-old  was  to  prove  the 
wonder  of  all  England  at  the  shows  of  1881  and  was 
to  repeat  her  victories  in  America  in  1882.  We 
speak  of  Prettyface  5735,  first  at  the  Eoyal,  first  at 
the  Bath  and  West,  first  at  the  Shropshire  and  West 
Midland,  first  at  Hereford,  first  and  champion  over 
all  ages  at  Worcester  and  champion  female  of  any 
age  or  breed,  defeating  Lady  Carew  3d,  the  best 
Shorthorn  cow  of  the  year  in  England.  She  was 
imported  by  Mr.  Culbertson  in  1881,  and  unlike 
many  breeding  animals  with  distinguished  show- 
yard  careers  to  their  credit,  she  made  a  wonderful 
record  as  a  breeder,  giving  birth  to  no  less  than 
eleven  calves  in  ten  years,  none  of  them  twins.  She 
was  in  calf  to  Mr.  Carwardine's  Lord  Wilton  when 
imported,  and  gave  birth  to  the  bull  usually  re- 


Copyright  photo  by  Parsons 
COW  AND  CALF  AT  PASTURE  IN  HEREFORDSHIRE. 


JOHN  HILL'S  RARITY  AT  TWENTY  YEARS— Note  the  unmistakable  evidences 
of  constitution  and   flesh  held  at  an  extreme  age. 


426  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

f erred  to  as  ' '  imported "  Lord  "Wilton  5739,  which 
was  used  successfully  upon  the  Culbertson  cows. 
Another  son,  Autocrat  10927,  sired  the  beautiful 
show  cow  Lily,  at  one  time  in  the  hands  of  Mr. 
Elmendorf  of  Nebraska,  probably  the  best  Hereford 
cow  of  her  day  in  the  west. 

Blood  Concentration. — It  is  interesting  to  specu- 
late as  to  what  Anxiety  would  have  been  worth  to 
Mr.  Carwardine  had  he  been  retained — doubtless 
cheap  at  2,000  guineas,  instead  of  the  200  paid  on 
Mr.  Culbertson 's  account.  It  will  be  borne  in  mind 
that  he  was  got  by  Longhorns  and  that  his  two 
greatest  sons  and  his  great  daughter  Prettyface 
were  all  out  of  cows  by  the  same  sire,  so  that  a  most 
interesting  example  of  inbreeding  is  presented. 
This  is  heightened  by  the  results  achieved  in  Amer- 
ica by  Grudgell  &  Simpson  from  their  remarkable 
course  of  close  Anxiety  breeding  presently  to  be 
noted.  If  the  animals  above  mentioned  afford  any 
fair  basis  for  prophecy,  it  would  seem  as  if  a  con- 
tinued doubling  of  the  Longhorns  blood  at  Stock- 
tonbury  through  Anxiety  would  have  been  price- 
less, not  only  to  England  but  to  America  as  well. 
As  luck  would  have  it,  however,  the  bull  was 
doomed  to  cross  the  Atlantic,  to  leave  but  one  small 
crop  of  remarkable  calves,  and  to  run  a  brief  but 
meteoric  career  at  the  leading  American  shows — a 
martyr  to  the  cause  of  advertising  the  breed  at  pub- 
lic exhibitions. 

Anxiety's  Untimely  Death. — Mr.  Culbertson  had 
in  James  Powell  a  rare  good  herdsman  in  whose 


HEAVY  BUYING  IN  ENGLAND  BEGINS  427 

capable  hands  Anxiety  after  his  arrival  at  Hereford 
Park  was  carried  along  famously  for  the  autumn 
shows.  He  was  the  sensation  of  that  period.  Like 
Imperial  Caesar  of  old,  he  came,. he  was  seen,  and 
he  conquered.  All  hats  were  off  to  the  smoothest 
thick-fleshed  bull  of  any  breed  this  country  had  up 
to  that  date  seen.  On  the  show  circuits  of  1879  and 
1880  he  met  no  defeats.  His  winnings  in  1879  were: 
first  at  Lafayette,  first  in  class  and  champion  at  the 
Illinois  State  Fair,  and  first  at  St.  Louis.  In  1880: 
first  and  champion  Hereford  bull  at  the  Illinois 
State  Fair  and  at  head  of  first  prize  herd,  first  at 
Minneapolis,  first  at  the  Wisconsin  State  Fair,  first 
and  head  of  the  first  prize  Hereford  herd  at  St. 
Louis.  Col.  William  S.  King,  the  famous  old-time 
Shorthorn  showman,  was  a  great  admirer  of  the 
bull,  and  good-humoredly  twitted  the  Hereford  con- 
tingent by  assuring  them  that  Anxiety  could  not  be 
a  purely  bred  Hereford,  saying:  " Those  brown 
spots  around  his  eyes  and  those  great  level  quarters 
certainly  show  a  Shorthorn  cross."  This  of  course 
was  not  taken  seriously,  but  it  illustrates  the  point 
that  a  new  and  improved  type  of  the  Hereford  had 
now  to  be  reckoned  with  by  advocates  of  the  Short- 
horns. 

Mr.  Culbertson  believed  that  he  had  the  best  bull 
of  that  day  in  North  America,  He  had  now  given 
the  public  a  chance  to  see  what  a  really  high-class 
Hereford  was  like  and  so  resolved  to  retire  him  at 
once  from  the  showyard  and  to  put  him  in  condition 
for  active  service.  His  haste  in  this  regard  how- 


428  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ever  proved  fatal.  The  bull  had  been  brought  back 
from  the  fairs  .very  fat,  and  Powell  was  carrying 
him  along  on  a  comparatively  simple  diet — some 
oats,  with  bran  and  a  little  cake.  But  Mr.  Culbert- 
son  gave  instructions  that  the  cake  and  bran  be 
cut  out  entirely  and  the  bull  confined  strictly  to 
sheaf  oats.  It  was  soon  apparent  that  this  was  a 
mistake.  In  a  few  days  he  was  taken  sick  and  the 
owner,  who  was  in  Chicago  at  the  time,  was  so  ad- 
vised. Possibly  Mr.  Powell  himself  did  not  at  the 
moment  fully  appreciate  the  gravity  of  the  situa- 
tion. At  any  rate  Mr.  Culbertson  did  not  express 
any  special  solicitude.  The  bull  kept  growing 
worse,  notwithstanding  the  faithful  herdsman's 
best  efforts,  and  a  telegram  urging  that  a  veterinary 
surgeon  be  sent  down  to  the  farm  at  once  was  for- 
warded. This  brought  a  quick  response,  but  too 
late.  Anxiety,  the  pride  of  two  continents,  died 
from  impaction  of  the  manifold  a  few  minutes  after 
the  veterinarian  arrived,  lamented  by  his  owner 
and  the  entire  Hereford  cattle  breeding  fraternity 
as  easily  the  best  bull  of  the  breed  seen  up  to  that 
date  in  the  United  States. 

Although  he  had  just  turned  four  years  old,  in 
recent  years  he  has  always  been  referred  to  in  Here- 
ford circles  as  "old"  Anxiety,  this  merely  to  dis- 
tinguish him  from  the  really  "old"  Anxieties,  his 
sons,  that  made  such  names  for  themselves  in  suc- 
ceeding years. 

Four  Yearling  Heifers  Sold  for  $4,000.— Mr.  Cul- 
bertson really  got  but  one  short  crop  of  calves  from 


HEAVY  BUYING  IN  ENGLAND  BEGINS  429 

Anxiety;  the  showing  interfered  much  with  his  work 
in  the  herd.  His  early  death  had  naturally  not  been 
anticipated.  As  it  was  he  left  but  twelve  calves  in 
the  herd.  Of  these,  probably  the  best  were  the  bulls 
Anxiety  4th  2947  (not  to  be  confused  with  the  Eng- 
lish-bred Gudgell  &  Simpson  bull  of  same  name), 
and  Anxiety  5th  2948.  The  former  was  out  of  imp. 
Cherry  24th  and  was  sold  to  Mr.  Culbertson's  old 
friend  Mr.  Frank  Parmelee,  the  omnibus  magnate, 
who  had  a  farm  on  the  Des  Plaines  Eiver  near  Chi- 
cago. 

In  a  letter  written  to  the  author  in  1897  Mr.  Cul- 
bertson  said: 

"Anxiety  was  a  particularly  good  getter  of  bulls 
rather  than  heifers,  which  bulls  in  turn  were 
progenitors  of  show  stock  of  both  sexes.  Dying  as 
he  did  one  year  after  coming  over  I  got  but  twelve 
calves  from  him  (seven  bulls  and  five  heifers),  so 
that  he  scarcely  had  a  fair  trial  in  this  country. 
Tempted  by  large  prices  I  parted  with  the  heifers 
and  several  bulls  when  yearlings.  Two  other  bulls 
were  lost  to  record  on  going  to  great  ranches  in  the 
west.  Mr.  EarPs  Anxiety  6th  never  did  much,  but 
Parmelee 's  Anxiety  4th  2947  and  VanNatta's  Anxi- 
ety 5th  2948  proved  potent  factors  in  the  upbuilding 
of  the  reputations  of  those  herds. 

" Anxiety 's  greatest  sons,  however,  were  Clark's 
Anxiety  3d  4466  (alias  Sir  Garnett)  and  Gudgell  & 
Simpson's  Anxiety  4th  9904,  both  imported  and 
both  from  Longhorns  dams.  My  imp.  Prettyface 
5735,  by  Anxiety  2238,  had  likewise  a  Longhorns 
dam,  and  the  bull  himself  being  by  Longhorns 
shows  a  happy  'nick'  in  that  inbreeding  and  cross- 
ing, as  was  the  case  with  The  Grove  3d-Spartan 


430  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

cross.  Prettyface,  like  her  sire,  had  swept  the  show- 
yards  of  England  in  1881  before  coming  here,  and  I 
exhibited  her  but  one  season.  She  gave  me  eleven 
calves  in  ten  years  (no  twins)  that  were  scattered 
all  over  the  west  and  in  South  America." 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  said  that  Mr.  Cul- 
bertson  probably  induced  more  men  of  large  means 
to  engage  in  the  breeding  of  Herefords  than  any 
other  one  man  ever  identified  with  them  in  this 
country.*  Mr.  Parmelee  was  one  of  these.  At  the 
time  he  bought  Anxiety  4th  2947  he  gave  Culbert- 
son  $1,000  each  for  four  of  his  precious  Anxiety 
heifers — the  famous  quartette,  Helena  2d  2941, 
Helena  3d  2942,  Helena  4th  2943,  and  Helena  5th 
2936,  all  winners  on  the  big  circuit  of  1881,  and  the 
second  one  named  a  daughter  of  the  great  Sir  Kich- 
ard  2d  cow  Anguilla  1522,  afterwards  sold  to  Earl 
&  Stuart  and  possibly  tha  best  model  of  a  breeding 
matron  ever  seen  in  the  Shadeland  pastures,  which 
is  saying  much. 

Anxieties  4th  and  5th. — The  Parmelee  bull  had 
been  the  first  prize  calf  of  1881  at  Chicago  and  at 
the  Illinois  State  Fair,  and  second  at  Minneapolis 
and  St.  Louis.  Another  valuable  son  was  Anxiety 
5th  2948,  that  divided  the  honors  with  the  calf  just 
mentioned  on  the  same  circuit,  standing  second  at 
Chicago  and  the  Illinois  Stafe  Fair,  and  first  at  Min- 
neapolis and  St.  Louis.  He  was  out  of  the  imported 

*Another  striking-  instance  of  this  was  the  case  of  the  late 
Philip  D.  Armour,  who  bought  a  grand  bunch  of  Mr.  Culbertson's 
best-bred  cows  and  presented  them  to  his  son  P.  D.  Armour,  Jr., 
at  whose  death  they  went  into  the  appreciative  hands  of  the 
late  Kirk  B.  Armour  of  Kansas  City  and  constituted  the  founda- 
tion of  the  fine  herd  maintained  under  William  Cummings'  man- 
agement at  Excelsior  Springs. 


HEAVY  BUYING  IN  ENGLAND  BEGINS  431 

cow  Nancy  2d  2534,  and  was  sold  to  Messrs.  Fowler 
&  YanNatta,  Fowler,  Ind.,  in  whose  large  herd  he 
rendered  good  service,  his  blood  being  carried  by 
many  of  the  show  cattle  sent  out  in  later  years 
from  that  establishment. 

Anxiety  would  beyond  doubt  have  made  a  mem- 
orable record  as  a  sire  had  he  been  spared  for  serv- 
ice, but  unfortunately  again  for  the  best  interests 
of  the  Herefords  in  the  middle  west  Mr.  Culbert- 
son  during  the  years  immediately  following  the 
brief  period  of  service  in  the  herd  was  selling  freely 
of  his  young  stock  to  Joseph  Scott  for  use  on  the 
southwestern  range.  Hence  some  of  the  rare  blood 
went  to  wear  itself  out  in  that  exacting  service. 

Description  of  Anxiety. — We  have  already  stated 
that  as  a  youngster  Anxiety  had  been  faulted  a  bit 
in  England  as  being  "  effeminate, "  but  good  judges 
here  assert  that  the  head  itself  became  thoroughly 
masculine,  although  the  horns  were  not  so  heavy 
as  the  average.  They  were  tapering,  fairly  well 
spread,  pitched  forward  and  a  little  downward. 
However,  he  was  not  dish-faced,  which  is  usually 
considered  a  mark  of  weakness  of  constitution, 
had  good  width  between  the  eyes  and  a  wide  poll. 
His  neck  was  good  until  the  joining  of  the  shoul- 
ders. He  had  a  slight  depression  just  forward  of 
the  shoulder  point  which  was  attributed  to  the  un- 
natural position  in  which  he  had  to  stand  on  account 
of  his  deformity.  His  shoulders  were  splendidly 
covered,  his  crops  wide  and  full,  his  ribs  broadly 
sprung  and  deep. 


432  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Anxiety  had  a  most  extraordinary  covering  of 
back,  loin  and  ribs,  and  was  well  let  down  in  the 
flanks.  The  hips  were  well  covered,  with  good 
length  of  quarter,  although  a  trifle  narrow  at  the 
tailhead.  He  had  a  full  twist  but  his  thighs  ap- 
peared somewhat  light.  The  hind  legs  were  fairly 
straight.  He  was  distinguished  above  everything 
else  for  a  wealth  of  mellow  flesh,  smoothly  spread. 
He  had  no  white  "mane" — the  absence  of  which 
some  have  erroneously  thought  indicates  impure 
breeding  in  a  Hereford — and  weighed  at  full  ma- 
turity about  2,250  pounds. 

After  the  lapse  of  thirty  years  Mr.  Powell's*  com- 
ment on  Anxiety's  conformation  is  as  follows: 

"He  had  a  splendid  Hereford  head — wide  between 
the  horns,  and  set  on  a  short  neck,  with  hardly  any 
white  on  top.  He  was  wide  between  the  fore  legs, 
with  a  good  brisket,  no  loose  leather.  His  weak- 
ness, if  any,  was  in  his  heartgirth.  He  was  good 
over  the  crops  with  a  perfect  back  and  loin.  He 
had  a  well  sprung  rib  and  a  perfectly-set-on  tail.  He 
also  had  good  straight  quarters  and  short  legs,  and 
was  a  remarkably  smooth  bull.  I  think  the  most 
he  weighed  was  about  2,200  pounds." 

Culbertson's  Importations  of  the  Early  "Eigh- 

*Powell  was  of  course  familiar  with  "Old  Dick,"  Sir  Richard 
2d,  and  gives  this  description  of  him  : 

"I  remember  him  as  a  remarkably  smooth  bull,  rather  light 
in  color  and  not  weighing-  more  than  2,000  pounds  when  fat.  I 
consider  him  one  of  the  best  sires  of  the  breed.  I  fed  out  several 
of  his  calves,  both  for  T.  L.  Miller  and  for  C.  M.  Culbertson,  and 
thev  were  always  easily  recognized  by  their  smooth  quarters  and 
splendid  coats  of  hair.  I  believe  he  was  the  sire  of  more  good 
heifers  than  bulls.  However,  in  either  case  he  was  hard  to  beat. 

The  old  bull  did  not  have  the  best  of  dispositions.  While  at 
Beecher  he  one  day  nearly  "got"  his  man.  One  of  the  helpers 
had  undertaken  to  punish  him  for  "bawling"  in  his  box,  and 
"Dick"  paid  him  for  it. 


HEAVY  BUYING  IN  ENGLAND  BEGINS  433 

ties. "— In  1880  Mr.  Culbertson  brought  out  thirty 
head,  including  the  Royal  prize-winning  cows 
Downton  Rose  4486,  bred  by  Fenn  of  Stonebroke 
House,  and  Nannete  4511,  from  the  stock  of  T.  Myd- 
dleton.  In  1881  came  Prettyface  (already  men- 
tioned) and  Juliet,  both  by  Anxiety,  Perfection  3d, 
and  others.  In  1882  the  importation  totalled  26  head, 
and  included  the  Eoyal  prize-winning  yearling 
heifer  Princess  and  the  fine  Philip  Turner  cow  Sil- 
via 8649  by  Corsair  4581,  afterwards  sold  to  Mr. 
Parmelee. 

Miller  Importation  of  1880. — Mr.  Miller  went  to 
England  in  May,  1880,  and  bought  114  head,  his 
largest  purchase  being  from  Mr.  Samuel  Goode  of 
Ivingtonbury,  the  historic  place  where  Mr.  T.  Rob- 
erts had  bred,  in  1861,  Sir  Thomas,  the  grandsire 
of  old  Dolly  Varden.  Six  head  were  purchased  from 
Mrs.  Sarah  Edwards  of  Wintercott,  who  bred  the 
celebrated  cow  Leonora,  which  was  exhibited  at  all 
the  leading  fairs  in  England  and  had  been  pro- 
nounced by  many  competent  judges  the  best  cow 
of  any  breed  ever  exhibited  in  England.  Mr.  Miller 
bought  a  half-brother  and  a  half-sister  of  this  cow. 
Ten  head  were  purchased  from  John  Price  of  The 
Court  House,  Pembridge.  Twenty  head  were  pur- 
chased from  John  Hill  of  Felhampton  Court,  Church 
Stretton,  Shropshire.  Seven  head  were  purchased 
from  Mr.  Grassett,  formerly  of  Smythies  .&  Grasset. 
This  Mr.  Smythies  was  a  son  of  the  Rev.  Mr.  Smy- 
thies, one  of  the  famous  advocates  of  the  Hereford 
cattle  in  England  between  1840  and  1850  who 


434  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

challenged  the  Shorthorn  breeders  to  a  test  of  the 
feeding  qualities  of  the  two  breeds  in  several  ways 
and  at  different  times.  One  bull  was  bought  of  J. 
B.  &  G.  H.  Green  of  Marlow  Lodge.  This  was 
Dauphin  18th,  a  young  bull  of  great  scale.  Six  head 
were  purchased  of  Mr.  J.  H.  Arkwright  of  Hampton 
Court,  the  breeder  of  old  Sir  Richard  2d  (4984). 
Other  purchases  were  made  of  Mr.  Yeomans  of 
Stretton  Court,  near  Hereford,  Mr.  Thomas  Nott  of 
Buckton  Park,  Mr.  Halloway  of  Letton,  Mr.  Thomas 
Lewis  of  Woodhouse,  near  Pembridge,  and  others. 

Mr.  Miller  returned  to  the  United  States  on  July 
1,  1880,  and  finding  that  there  was  no  way  to  avoid 
a  quarantine  of  90  days  arranged  for  this  on  an  800- 
acre  farm  on  the  Baltimore  &  Ohio  E.  E.  near  Balti- 
more, Md.,  on  which  no  cattle  had  been  for  ten 
years.  He  then  went  back  to  England  and  shipped 
the  cattle  from  Bristol  by  the  Great  Western  Steam- 
ship Line,  on  the  steamer  Gallian,  Capt.  Moen,  mas- 
ter. They  arrived  safely,  although  they  had  to  ride 
out  a  severe  equinoctial  gale.  The  cattle  after  pass- 
ing quarantine  were  loaded  by  Mr.  Miller's  son,  T. 
E.  Miller,  on  Jan.  8,  1881,  and  ran  through  as  a 
" special' '  on  passenger  train  time  to  Beecher,  111., 
and  unloaded  there  on  the  evening  of  Jan.  10,  1881, 
every  animal  in  perfect  health.* 

*In  March,  1885,  Mr.  Miller  reported,  by  way  of  illustrating 
the  strong  vitality  of  the  Hereford  cows,  that  in  the  fall  of  1880 
before  the  arrival  of  this  large  importation  of  Herefords  he 
offered  the  old  cow  Baroness  3d,  then  over  15  years  old,  for  $250. 
She  was  not  sold.  On  April  6,  188,1,  she  dropped  a  heifer  calf. 
Baby  4029,  on  May  28,  1882,  she  dropped  Blink  Bonny  598,6,  and 
on  June  5,  1883,  she  dropped  Midget  6911.  On  Feb.  15,  1884,  Baby 
dropped  Banquo  by  Success.  On  Oct.  18,  1884,  Blink  Bonny 
dropped  Bonny  Boy  by  Success.  In  February,  1885,  Baby  had  a 
calf  by  Success.  Thus  the  fifteen-year-old  cow  in  little  more 


HEAVY  BUYING  IN  ENGLAND  BEGINS  435 

English  Testimonial  to  T.  L.  Miller. — In  the  sum- 
mer of  1883  Mr.  Miller  re-visited  England,  and  pur- 
chased 108  head  of  Herefords  which  were  shipped 
from  Liverpool  on  the  S.  S.  Mississippi,  Aug.  18. 
The  cattle  were  unloaded  at  Quebec,  and  after  being 
quarantined  there  were  shipped  to  Beecher.  In- 
cluded in  this  shipment  was  what  Mr.  Miller  called 
his  "testimonial  herd." 

During  this  visit  of  the  veteran  American  "  pro- 
moter" of  Hereford  interests,  the  English  breeders 
decided  to  honor  him  with  a  testimonial  of  their 
appreciation  of  his  persistent  efforts  at  extending 
the  market  for  their  cattle  in  the  United  States. 
The  fact  was  that  in  his  attempted  demonstration 
of  the  merits  of  the  cattle  he  had  paid  little  regard 
to  the  matter  of  personal  profit  to  himself.  Possibly 
he  did  not  manage  wisely  from  a  financial  stand- 
point; he  was  not  apt  to  stop  to  count  the  cost  when 
he  set  out  to  prove  something  to  the  public.  At  any 
rate,  it  was  generally  known  that  he  was  not  in  the 
best  of  circumstances  at  this  time,  and  as  Here- 
fordshire was  already  reaping  richly  where  he  had 
sown  it  was  agreed  that  the  proposed  testimonial 
might  best  take  the  form  of  a  subscription  fund. 

than  four  years  had  an  increase  of  six  head,  leaving  Blink  Bonny 
and  Midget  well  on  in  calf  again.  Old  Baroness  3d  bred  until  she 
was  nineteen  years  old  and  never  had  but  one  bull  calf. 

Mr.  Miller  also  reported  in  1885  that  in  February,  '1880,  he 
offered  the  two-year  heifer  Favorite  3808,  bred  by  Samuel  Goode 
of  Ivingtonbury,  for  $600,  but  she  was  not  sold.  On  Feb.  28,  1881. 
she  dropped  Frosty  4022;  on  Jan.  17,  1882,  she  dropped  Favorite 
Lad  6762  by  Success;  on  Jan.  20,  1883,  she  dropped  Francis  Edward 
6501  by  Winter  DeCote,  and  on  Dec.  13,  she  dropped  Fanny  Goode 
7400.  The  first  two,  Frosty  and  Favorite  Lad,  were  sold  for  $900; 
Francis  Edward  was  retained  and  in  March,  1885,  was  due  to 
calve  again  in  three  months,  while  Favorite  and  Fanny  Goode  had 
in  the  meantime  been  sold  for  $1,400. 


436  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Accordingly  a  banquet  was  held  at  the  Green 
Dragon  Hotel  in  Hereford,  and  after  the  usual  com- 
plimentary toasts  and  speeches  the  sum  of  200  sov- 
ereigns was  presented  to  the  guest  of  honor.  Sir 
Joseph  Baily,  M.  P.,  presided,  assisted  by  Messrs. 
Duckham  and  Stephen  Robinson  of  Lynhales. 
Among  those  present  were  Lord  Bateman  and  the 
Earl  of  Coventry.  With  this  fund  a  few  cattle  were 
bought  and  maintained  for  some  time  afterward  on 
the  farm  at  Beecher  under  the  name  of  "The  Testi- 
monial Herd." 

Upon  this  same  occasion  George  Morgan  was  pre- 
sented with  a  silver  cup,  as  an  expression  of  the  ap- 
preciation in  which  his  services,  also,  were  held  in 
Herefordshire.* 

Clark's  Anxiety  3d  Imported. — In  common  with 

*Morgan  was  naturally  a  very  prominent  figure  in  the  cattle 
trade  .during  the  days  when  he  was  busy  executing  orders  for  the 
purchase  and  importation  of  Herefords  for  leading  lights  in  the 
trade.  He  was  big,  brawny  and  bearded,  a  good  liver,  and  fond 
of  a  good  dinner  and  all  that  went  with  it.  Divers  and  sundry 
bottles  of  wine  are  said  to  have  been  cracked  when  the  Anxiety 
deal  was  closed  at  Stocktonbury.  He  was  nimble-witted  too,  and 
many  a  good  story  is  told  to  illustrate  his  fund  of  humor  and 
repartee — none  better  perhaps  than  his  come-back  at  William  R. 
Duncan,  one  of  the  famous  old-time  Illinois  breeders  and  exhib- 
itors of  Shorthorns. 

It  happened  at  Indianapolis.  Duncan  had  been  expatiating  on 
the  glorious  traditions  and  the  wondrous  history  of  the  Shorthorn 
breed.  He  told  of  the  Collings  and  of  Bates,  of  the  Booths,  of  the 
great  animals  sold  at  fabulous  prices,  and  of  the  just  pride  that 
every  owner  of  a  Shorthorn  must  feel  in  the  possession  of  some- 
thing that  had  such  an  illustrious  past.  The  Herefords  had  no 
such  proud  and  ancient  lineage,  etc.,  etc.,  etc. 

"When  he  had  finished  Morgan  was  called  upon  to  reply  to  this 
reflection  upon  the  "white  faces"  as  a  breed  lacking  the  charm  of 
historic  interest.  Getting  on  his  feet  and  hesitating  for  a  moment, 
he  said  in  his  usual  impulsive  manner: 

"I  am  not  so  sure  I  can  quote  ye  the  first  of  all  references 
to  the  Hereford  cattle,  but  I  know  this — that  when  Jacob  found 
out  that  his  old  father-in-law  Laban  was  giving  him  the  worst  of 
it  in  the  matter  of  wages,  and  when  the  old  man  finally  agreed 
to  turn  over  to  Jacob  all  the  calves  that  came  ring-streaked  or 
speckled  he  'nipped'  right  off,  and  bought  a  bunch  o  Ereford 
bulls." 

With  this  biblical  shot  he  sat  down  amidst  laughter  and  ap- 
plause that  fairly  shook  the  building. 


HEAVY  BUYING  IN  ENGLAND  BEGINS  437 

all  other  western  breeders  Thomas  Clark  had  been 
favorably  impressed  by  the  character  of  Mr.  Cul- 
bertson  's  Anxiety.  When  George  Morgan  went  back 
to  England  for  more  cattle  in  1880  Mr.  Clark  gave 
him  an  order  to  buy  a  son  of  Anxiety  if  possible. 

The  importation  was  quarantined  at  Quebec  and 
Clark  went  down  to  see  the  bull.  Morgan  told  him 
to  look  through  the  lot  and  see  if  he  could  find  one 
that  suited  him,  saying  that  there  was  one  bull  he 
could  not  have.  This  was  Hero  4874,  brought  out 
for  William  Constable;  he  was  a  show  bull  that  be- 
came a  familiar  figure  at  western  fairs.  Clark  had 
little  difficulty  in  locating  a  yearling  possessing  that 
same  smooth  flesh  that  had  been  so  admired  in 
Anxiety.  This  proved  to  be  Anxiety  3d  4466,  but 
Morgan  himself  claimed  a  half  interest  in  the  bull. 
Mr.  Clark  thought  that  he  had  given  orders  for  the 
purchase  of  such  a  bull  outright  for  his  own  indi- 
vidual account.  Morgan,  while  denying  this,  finally 
agreed  that  the  bull  should  remain  in  Clark's  pos- 
session and  that  he  should  not  leave  the  farm  unless 
Clark's  interest  were  sold.  Furthermore,  he  was  to 
give  Clark  first  option  on  purchase  of  the  other  half. 
In  a  subsequent  settlement  Morgan  transferred  his 
interest  to  Mr.  Culbertson.  Some  months  later  Cul- 
bertson  went  to  Clark's  to  ask  that  the  bull  be  sent 
down  to  the  Culbertson  farm  for  a  time.  Clark  re- 
monstrated that  this  was  not  the  understanding 
with  Morgan,  and  on  recalling  the  terms  Culbertson 
agreed  to  carry  out  Morgan's  bargain.  Culbertson 
finally  offered  to  give  Clark  $10  if  he  would  say 


438  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

whether  he  would  buy  or  sell  at  a  certain  price. 
Clark  replied,  "I  will  give  you  $20  if  you  will  de- 
clare yourself. "  Culbertson  finally  agreed  to  give 
or  take  $1,200  and  Clark  promptly  agreed  to  pay  it. 
The  bull  had  cost  £100  at  Carwardine's.  Thus  the 
dispute  was  settled,  and  the  bull  remained  in  Mr. 
Clark's  possession  until  his  death  at  sixteen  years 
of  age. 

Anxiety  3d  in  Mr.  Clark's  hands  proved  to  be  one 
of  the  greatest  heifer-getters  ever  maintained  in 
service  in  a  Hereford  herd  in  the  middle  west.  At 
an  early  date  Mr.  Culbertson  gave  George  F.  Baker, 
Goodenow,  111.,  $1,000  for  one  of  his  daughters,  the 
heifer  Sunshine.  Probably  the  best  of  the  Anxiety 
3d  females  were  Peerless  2d,  Peerless  3d  and  Eletta. 
Mr.  Clark  was  an  exhibitor  in  the  western  show- 
yards  for  more  than  thirty  years,  and  throughout 
almost  the  entire  period  his  show  herds  were  made 
up  of  cattle  of  his  own  production.  In  fact,  the  use 
of  Anxiety  3d  in  the  herd  was  followed  by  such 
gratifying  results  that  it  was  not  necessary  to  seek 
showyard  material  elsewhere.  Mr.  Clark's  record 
as  a  successful  exhibitor  of  cattle  of  his  own  breed- 
ing has  been  surpassed  by  few  breeders  on  either 
side  of  the  Atlantic,  continuity  of  appearance  in  the 
great  national  showyards  considered.  He  not  only 
bred  his  own  cattle,  but  personally  looked  after 
their  fitting  for  exhibition. 

As  a  three-year-old  Anxiety  3d  defeated  such  good 
bulls  as  Sir  Garnet,  Tregrehan,  Hero  (4874)  and 
other  celebrities  of  that  day.  He  was  not  shown 


440  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

after  four  years  of  age  on  account  of  breaking  down 
behind.  This,  while  bringing  his  showyard  career  to 
a  close,  did  not  affect  his  usefulness  as  a  stock  bull. 
The  prize  offered  at  the  Illinois  State  Fair  for  the 
best  four  animals,  get  of  one  sire,  was  won  four 
years  in  succession  by  daughters  of  Anxiety  3d. 
His  heifers  were  almost  universally  noted  for  their 
fine  size,  depth  of  flesh,  quality,  smoothness  and 
good  breed  character. 

Description  of  Anxiety  3d.— Anxiety  3d  weighed 
in  good  flesh  about  2,300  pounds.  His  most  valu- 
able and  distinguishing  characteristic  was  his  flesh- 
ing, the  depth  and  quality  of  which  greatly  resem- 
bled that  of  his  famous  sire.  His  head  was  not  just 
ideal,  although  strong  and  masculine.  His  face  was 
perhaps  a  trifle  long.  The  horn  was  rather  heavy, 
but  well  spread,  and  pitched  forward  and  down- 
ward with  a  slight  incurve.  He  stood  well  on  the 
ground,  and  possessed  more  style  than  his  sire.  He 
had  good  well  covered  shoulders,  excellent  neck 
veins,  full  crops,  richly  fleshed  back  and  loin,  ribs 
well  arched  and  well  let  down,  smooth  hips,  and 
level  quarters  which  were  well  filled  and  of  good 
length.  He  was  also  excellent  in  the  twist  and 
thighs. 

Anxiety  3d  was  first  shown  as  a  two-year-old, 
usually  standing  second  that  year  to  Hero  4352. 
Hero  was  a  very  low-legged,  deep-fleshed  bull  with 
a  splendid  head,  and  had  been  a  winner  in  Eng- 
land before  importation.  He  weighed  about  2,400 
pounds,  and  after  Anxiety  3d  broke  down  for  show 


HEAVY  BUYING  IN  ENGLAND  BEGINS  441 

purposes  Mr.  Clark  bought  Hero  from  his  importer, 
Mr.  Constable,  and  showed  him  for  two  years  suc- 
cessfully, afterwards  selling  him  to  go  to  Ohio  for 
$1,300.  Subsequently  Hero  was  taken  to  Kansas. 
He  was  clearly  one  of  the  best  bulls  of  his  day. 

The  Anxiety-Peerless  Nick. — Thomas  Clark  had 
been  showing  cattle  since  1870,  when  he  exhibited 
an  Ohio-bred  herd  at  the  Illinois  State  Fair  at  Free- 
port.  For  thirty-three  consecutive  years  he  was  "in 
the  running "  at  the  leading  western  shows.  The 
most  valuable  purchases  of  cows  and  heifers  made 
to  strengthen  the  foundations  of  his  herd  were  the 
eight  heifers  secured  out  of  the  Earl  &  Stuart  im- 
portation of  1881,  which  he  as  agent  had  selected 
in  Herefordshire.  By  arrangement  with  Earl  & 
Stuart  Mr.  Clark  obtained  out  of  this  importation 
the  Lord  Wilton  heifer  Peerless,  that  produced  to 
the  cover  of  Anxiety  3d  such  remarkable  animals 
as  Peerless  2d  and  Peerless  3d,  and  the  noted  show 
and  breeding  bull  Peerless  Wilton.  Another  valu- 
able heifer  out  of  this  importation  was  the  yearling 
Duchess  2d,  that  possessed  the  usual  scale  of  the 
stock  from  the  herd  of  Messrs.  Green  in  which  she 
was  bred;  in  Mr.  Clark's  herd  she  became  a  great 
cow,  possessing  wonderful  smoothness  as  well  as 
size.  Unfortunately  she  did  not  prove  altogether 
satisfactory  as  a  producer.  Another  of  Mr.  Clark's 
selections  from  the  importation  was  the  heifer 
Brown  Beauty,  by  Colorado,  from  the  herd  of 
George  Childs.  She  became  one  of  the  most  valu- 
able breeding  cows  Mr.  Clark  ever  owned,  her 


442  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

daughters  and  granddaughters  contributing  large- 
ly to  his  subsequent  wonderful  showyard  success. 
However,  none  of  these  selections  turned  out  quite 
so  valuable  as  Peerless.  She  grew  into  one  of  the 
greatest  cows  the  American  showyard  has  ever 
known,  and  the  first  time  she  was  brought  out  de- 
feated Earl  &  Stuart's  charming  Lord  Wilton  heifer 
Venus,  that  was  considered  the  star  of  the  entire 
importation  to  which  she  belonged.  Peerless  and 
her  daughters  won  innumerable  prizes  and  cham- 
pionships in  the  hottest  competitions  at  the  leading 
shows  of  the  middle  west  for  a  series  of  years. 

Adams  Earl  and  Charles  B.  Stuart. — Prominent 
among  those  most  active  in  promoting  the  interests 
of  Hereford  cattle  in  America  throughout  the  era 
of  their  great  rise  in  popularity  must  be  mentioned 
Mr.  Adams  Earl  and  his  son-in-law  Charles  B. 
Stuart.  Their  fine  farm  of  Shadeland  on  the  Wea 
(pronounced  "We-aw")  Plains  near  Lafayette, 
Ind.,  became  the  great  American  Hereford  show 
place  of  its  time. 

The  farm  comprised  about  1,400  acres  largely  set 
in  good  bluegrass  sod  and  with  perfect  drainage, 
lying  well  above  the  level  of  the  Wabash  bottoms. 
It  afforded  an  ample  supply  of  sweet  nutritious 
grass,  such  as  good  Herefords  so  well  know  how  to 
utilize.  While  the  farmhouse  was  unpretentious, 
expense  was  not  spared  in  equipping  the  place  well 
for  the  breeding  of  purebred  cattle.  Numerous 
small  pastures  admitted  of  effective  division  of  the 
herd  by  various  ages  and  sexes;  large  and  commo- 


ADAMS    EARL. 


444  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

dious  barns  were  provided,  and  provision  made  for 
many  roomy  boxes  for  the  breeding  bulls,  calving 
cows  or  animals  in  training  for  the  shows.  A 
27,000-gallon  reservoir,  with  pipes  to  pastures  and 
paddocks,  afforded  a  supply  of  good  water.  The 
sum  of  $6,000  was  expended  in  improving  the  road- 
way leading  to  the  farm.  Fences  and  buildings 
were  immaculate  with  whitewash.  The  lots  were 
graveled.  In  later  years,  when  the  herd  under  the 
management  of  " Uncle  John"  Lewis  was  the  best- 
groomed  and  best-advertised  collection  of  Here- 
fords  in  North  America,  Shadeland  was  indeed  the 
Mecca  for  all  lovers  of  good  white  faces. 

Mr.  Earl  was  a  wealthy  merchant  of  Lafayette 
owning  large  tracts  of  farming  land  and  Mr.  Stuart 
a  younger  man  of  fine  attainments,  a  successful 
lawyer  of  the  same  city.  Mr.  Earl  was  engaged  in 
farming  and  cattle-feeding  operations  at  Earl  Park 
in  association  with  Mr.  A.  D.  Eaub.  They  had  a 
good  lot  of  Shorthorns  at  one  time,  but  Mr.  Earl 
had  noted  that  his  friends  and  neighbors,  Messrs. 
Seabury  &  Sample,  were  topping  the  Chicago  mar- 
kets frequently  with  Hereford  steers.*  After  feed- 
ing out  a  few  on  his  own  place  he  became  satisfied 
that  the  " white  faces"  were  destined  to  succeed. 
He  had  seen  something  of  the  home-bred  cattle  of 
that  time,  but  knowing  that  they  were  as  yet  in  but 
limited  supply  he  opened  a  correspondence  with 

*Seabury  &  Sample  at  a  later  date  built  up  a  good  herd  of 
pedigree  Herefords.  Mr.  Seabury  lived  in  the  east,  Robert  Sam- 
ple, the  active  manager,  was  an  extensive  cattle  feeder  whose 
father  had  been  a  pork  packer  at  one  time  interested  in  the  busi- 
ness with  C.  M.  Culbertson. 


HEAVY  BUYING  IN  ENGLAND  BEGINS  445 

old-country  breeders  that  soon  led  up  to  direct  im- 
portations from  Herefordshire. 

Importation  of  1880. — Mr.  Earl  went  to  England 
in  company  with  Mr.  Stuart  during  the  summer  of 
1880.  With  the  assistance  of  Tom  Rogers,  a  well 
known  live  stock  auctioneer,  Mr.  Stuart  selected 
the  first  shipment  of  cattle  constituting  the  founda- 
tion of  the  Shadeland  herd.  Mr.  Earl  owned  the 
farm  and  throughout  the  cattle-breeding  operations 
conducted  on  it  had  personal  supervision  of  the 
land  and  crops;  Mr.  Stuart  held  an  interest  in  the 
herd  and  directed  the  breeding  and  showyard  oper- 
ations. 

This  importation  included  the  heifers  Bonny  Ar- 
row 5425,  Fancy  Arrow  5432,  and  Blossom  8th  5394 
from  the  herd  of  Rees  Keene,  Pencraig,  Monmouth- 
shire, and  Perfection  2750,  Perfection  4th  5474,  and 
Picnic  5428  from  the  stock  of  F.  W.  Morris,  Shuck- 
nell  Court,  Herefordshire.  However  it  soon  ap- 
peared that  " bigger  game"  was  wanted. 

An  Historic  Conference. — In  the  autumn  of  1881 
Tom  Clark  was  on  the  show  circuit,  as  usual,  with 
a  well  conditioned  lot  of  American-bred  cattle.  One 
of  his  first  shows  was  made  at  Lafayette,  which  was 
indeed  for  many  years  the  seat  of  one  of  the  most 
important  cattle  fairs  of  the  middle  west.  Mr.  Earl 
brought  in  a  few  imported  animals,  but  Clark  re- 
ceived the  ribbons.  He  was  at  that  time  an  entire 
stranger  to  both  Earl  and  Stuart  but  it  did  not  take 
them  long  to  get  acquainted  with  him,  nor  did  they 
waste  much  time  in  figuring  out  that  the  keen-wit- 


446  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD  CATTLE 

ted  young  English-American  probably  knew  a  thing 
or  two  about  Herefords  that  might  be  turned  at 
that  juncture  to  their  own  advantage.  Clark  was 
invited  to  dine  at  the  big  mansion  with  its  beau- 
tiful grounds  on  the  hill  in  the  environs  of  the  city. 
A  big  idea  was  in  Stuart's  mind,  and  Mr.  Earl  lent 
willing  ear.  James  H.  Sanders,  father  of  the  writer 
of  these  notes,  was  present  as  an  invited  guest.  His- 
tory was  in  the  making  that  day. 

After  the  Lord  Wiltons. — Lord  Wilton  and  his 
get  were  the  reigning  sensation  of  the  hour  in  Eng- 
land. Culbertson  had  got  possession  of  Anxiety 
and  his  wonderful  daughter,  Prettyface.  The 
"plainish"  old-style  American-bred  sorts,  descend- 
ed from  the  Stone,  Corning-Sotham,  Merryman, 
Aldrich  and  other  pioneer  stock,  no  longer  satisfied. 

The  brains  of  big  men,  backed  by  big  bank  bal- 
ances, were  becoming  fired  with  ambition  to  own 
the  best  that  the  old-world  pastures  and  showyards 
could  supply.  Shadeland  was  an  ideal  place  to  plant 
the  Hereford  standard  upon  a  height  that  would 
stamp  it  "  headquarters. "  The  time  was  ripe  for  a 
"  ten-strike. "  Such  was  the  dream  by  which 
Charles  B.  Stuart  was  obsessed  that  night,  and 
what  is  more  to  the  point,  in  due  course  of  time  the 
dream  came  true. 

Over  the  coffee  and  cigars  the  proposition  was 
developed.  Would  Clark  undertake  the  journey 
to  England  that  was  to  make  it  a  reality!  Would 
he,  for  a  consideration,  agree  to  go  abroad  at  once 
and  see  if  American  gold  would  tempt  Tom  Car- 


CHARLES  B.   STUART. 


448  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

wardine  to  let  go  the  best  of  the  Lord  Wilton  bulls 
and  heifers?  This  was  to  be  the  prime  objective, 
but  he  was  not  to  stop  at  that.  Incidentally,  any 
other  cream  he  might  be  permitted  to  skim  was  to 
be  taken.  Now  Clark  has  never  been  accused  of 
being  shy  of  mother-wit.  He  could  but  be  delighted 
to  learn  that  the  Hereford  cause  in  America  had 
gained  such  aggressive  converts.  He  could  not  be 
insensible  to  the  compliment  implied  in  being  asked 
to  serve  as  the  agent  in  such  an  important  matter, 
involving  as  it  did  the  responsibility  of  the  handling 
of  much  money  belonging  to  someone  else;  but  he 
had  irons  of  his  own  in  the  fire,  he  was  just  getting 
on  his  own  feet  financially,  his  relations  with  Cul- 
bertson  and  others  who  were  now  rapidly  supersed- 
ing Mr.  Miller  in  the  leadership  of  the  "party" 
were  of  the  best,  and  he  could  not  afford  to  make  any 
mistakes.  So  he*  listened  to  the  scheme  unfolded 
that  September  evening  in  the  long  ago.  He  would 
take  it  under  consideration.  He  would  give  an  an- 
swer later.  He  must  have  full  liberty  as  to  selec- 
tions and  values.  He  would  want  to  be  permitted 
to  select  after  his  return,  by  some  method  mutually 
satisfactory  to  both  parties,  a  half  dozen  heifers  for 
himself  from  the  lot  to  be  imported.  There  was 
much  talk,  but  with  no  conclusion  reached. 

Clark  Goes  to  England  As  Agent.— It  was  not  un- 
til the  prizes  were  being  placed  at  St.  Louis  a  few 
weeks  later  that  matters  came  to  a  head.  Mr.  Earl 
again  urged  the  proposition,  and  after  agreeing  to 
all  the  terms  the  plan  was  arranged  as  contem- 


HEAVY  BUYING  IN  ENGLAND  BEGINS  449 

plated.  The  fairs  being  over,  Mr.  Clark  took  pas- 
sage for  Liverpool  and  was  soon  in  the  garden-land 
of  his  fathers,  armed  with  the  biggest  commission 
of  its  kind  ever  fulfilled  in  Herefordshire  up  to  that 
time.  Indeed  it  has  been  claimed,  all  things  con- 
sidered, that  the  resultant  purchases  as  a  lot  had 
a  greater  influence  upon  American  Hereford  breed- 
ing than  any  other  one  shipment  ever  made  to  our 
shores  from  the  mother  country.  This,  however,  is 
doubtful.  It  was  rich  in  point  of  show  cattle  highly 
fitted,  but  not  all  of  these  proved  profitable. 

Sensational  Shipment  of  1882.— Mr.  Clark  took 
plenty  of  time  in  locating  what  he  desired,  and 
when  in  March,  1882,  he  assembled  his  purchases 
for  export  to  America  it  was  agreed  by  both  press 
and  public  that  no  such  lot  of  cattle  had  ever  before 
left  Herefordshire.  It  was  a  gaping  crowd  that 
watched  the  long  line  of  Royal  winners  and  other 
"top  notchers,"  125  in  number,  wend  its  way 
through  the  streets  on  the  first  stages  of  the  journey 
to  the  New  World.  Not  less  than  fifty  leading 
breeders  came  to  see  the  aggregation  headed  for 
America. 

It  required  capital  to  finance  such  buying,  but  Mr. 
Earl  had  full  faith  both  in  his  agent  and  in  the  re- 
ception such  cattle  would  receive  in  the  west;  his 
confidence  was  in  neither  particular  misplaced. 
Some  inkling  of  what  was  coming  preceded  the  ar- 
rival of  this  sensational  purchase,  and  expectancy 
was  everywhere  on  tip-toe  waiting  with  intense  in- 
terest to  see  the  great  importation  on  its  way  to 


450  A   HISTORY   OF    HEREFORD    CATTLE 

the  west,  with  Royal  ribbons  flying  and  the  Wiltons 
at  their  head.  The  importation  was  landed  at  Port- 
land and  quarantined  on  H.  C.  Burleigh's  farm. 

Sir  Bartle  Frere  and  Romeo. — First  in  the  list 
was  the  flash  yearling,  Sir  Bartle  Frere  6419,  first 
at  the  Royal  show  of  1881,  for  which  Carwardine 
was  paid  $3,000,  the  record  price  for  a  Hereford  bull 
in  England  up  to  that  date.  He  was  born  on  the 
Fourth  of  July,  1880,  possibly  predestined  from  the 
beginning  to  head  this  triumphal  array  of  Eng- 
land's best  to  "the  land  of  the  free."  By  another 
strange  freak  of  fortune  on  the  very  same  American 
national  holiday  another  of  Mr.  Carwardine 's  cows, 
Rosaline,  by  DeCote,  had  given  birth  to  the  bull 
Romeo  6420,  which  also  gained  great  honor  and  was 
bought  by  Mr.  Clark  to  stand  at  Sir  Bartle 's  side  in 
the  great  days  that  followed  at  Shadeland. 

4  *  Bartle, "  as  he  was  always  known  in  stable  par- 
lance, was  every  inch  the  show  bull,  having  had  the 
rare  distinction  before  importation  of  being  the 
"  runner-up "  to  his  own  sire  at  Tredegar  show  in  a 
class  open  to  all  breeds,  Lord  Wilton  being  nine 
years  old  at  the  time.  He  had  the  forward  finish 
and  grace  that  commonly  went  with  the  Wilton 
blood,  a  wide  loin,  long  quarters,  good  cover  of  flesh 
evenly  disposed,  neat  bone,  and  the  bearing  on  pa- 
rade that  ever  appeals  to  the  galleries.  If  he  was 
of  the  ' '  matinee  idol ' '  type,  Romeo,  his  half-brother 
and  companion  in  this  trans-Atlantic  pilgrimage, 
furnished  an  admirable  "foil,"  for  he  was  a  sure- 
enough  "feeder's  delight" — low  of  leg,  short  of 


HEAVY  BUYING  IN  ENGLAND  BEGINS  451 

neck,  round-barreled,  yellow-skinned  and  mellow- 
fleshed.  "Bartle"  never  left  Shadeland  except  at 
show  time,  but  Romeo  went  up  on  "Turkey  Foot," 
as  the  Earl  Park  place  was  locally  termed,  and  left 
a  progeny  invariably  furnished  with  mellow  hides 
and  the  best  of  hair.  One  of  his  sons,  Equity  2d 
12547,  out  of  imp.  Pansy  9th  by  Regulus,  was  sold 
at  eleven  months  to  go  to  Missouri  at  $1,000.  Sir 
Bartle  Frere  was  shown  repeatedly  and  success- 
fully, and  was  used  steadily  as  a  stock  bull  until 
his  death.  He  was  specially  noted  as  a  heifer-get- 
ter, his  daughters,  including  all  of  the  long  line 
designated  as  Lady  Wiltons,  maturing  into  beauti- 
ful cows  which  were  quite  the  pride  of  the  breeding 
herd  in  its  palmy  days.  Of  these  Lady  Wilton  26th 
and  Lady  Wilton  27th  were  perhaps  the  best. 

Prince  Edward  and  Royal  16th. — In  addition  to 
these  two  noted  bulls  there  came  Prince  Edward 
7001,  also  a  yearling  and  also  by  Lord  Wilton,  and 
out  of  Lilac  by  DeCote,  hence  an  own  brother  in 
blood  to  Romeo.  He  was  first  shown  at  Lafayette  in 
his  yearling  form,  defeating  Anxiety  4th  and  Anxi- 
ety 5th,  and  he  later  stood  at  the  head  of  the  first 
prize  young  herd  at  Chicago  in  1882.  He  after- 
wards acquired  a  wide  reputation  in  the  hands  of 
George  W.  Henry,  a  Chicago  lumber  merchant  who 
maintained  for  some  years  a  large  herd  at  Rossland 
Park,  Ashkum,  111.  Mr.  Henry  paid  Mr.  Earl  $1,500 
for  this  bull. 

While  at  Green's  (of  Mario w)  Mr.  Clark  found  a 
bull  nearly  two  years  old  put  aside  for  special  feed- 


452  A  HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ing.  He  was  a  big-framed  smooth  one  and  though 
in  very  ordinary  flesh  was  evidently  not  regarded 
as  anything  specially  good.  Asked  what  he  was 
doing  with  the  bull  Mr.  Green  replied,  *  *  To  tell  the 
truth,  if  not  sold  soon  we  shall  be  sending  him  to 
the  shambles. "  A  price  being  requested,  the  sum 
of  £75  was  named.  Clark  rescued  him  from  the 
butcher  and  fetched  him  to  Shadeland. 

This  was  Royal  16th  6459,  that  fed  up  to  2,010 
pounds  for  the  Lafayette  show  of  September,  1882, 
where  he  beat  both  Romeo  and  Tregrehan.  He 
headed  the  Earl  &  Stuart  aged  show  herd  until  Sir 
Bartle  Frere  grew  to  maturity,  and  was  used  as  a 
stock  bull  up  to  the  time  of  his  sale  in  November, 
1883,  to  Mr.  A.  A.  Crane,  Osco,  111.,  at  $1,020.  He 
was  got  by  Chieftain  4516  out  of  Lady  8th  by 
Zealous  1408,  he  by  Sir  Benjamin  36th  out  of  Gov- 
erness by  Sovereign  221.  One  of  his  sons,  Emperor 
3d  11227,*  out  of  imp.  Silver  Star  by  Spartan,  was 
sold  by  Mr.  Earl  to  W.  A.  Colt  of  Missouri  at  ten 
months  of  age  for  $1,000.  Another,  Emperor,  out 
of  the  famous  Venus,  was  sold  to  C.  D.  Hudson  of 
Missouri  for  $1,500. 

Venus  and  Henrietta  at  $2,500.— With  Sir  Bartle 
Frere,  Romeo  and  Prince  Edward  to  stand  for  the 
Wilton  blood  in  the  male  line,  there  came  the  beau- 


*The  Royal  16th  bulls  were  growthy  ones.  In  "The  Breeder's 
Gazette"  for  Oct.  25,  1883,  Mr.  Earl  reported  that  one  of  the 
Emperors,  by  Royal  16th,  the  second  of  that  name,  out  of  the 
imported  cow  Lofty  7th  by  John  Hill's  Merry  Monarch,  weighed 
at  eight  months  old  847  pounds,  running  with  other  calves  and 
with  no  nurse,  having  been  raised  with  his  own  mother.  While 
there  is  nothing  specially  remarkable  in  this  it  illustrates  again 
the  scale  that  commonly  went  with  the  Green  blood,  and  inci- 
dentally indicates  that  the  Merry  Monarch  mother  was  an  excel- 
lent milker. 


HEAVY  BUYING  IN  ENGLAND  BEGINS  453 

tiful  heifer  Venus,  which  had  been  first  at  the 
Royal.  With  her  bewitching  head,  her  light  in- 
curved drooping  horns,  her  phenomenally  compact 
conformation,  extraordinary  width,  depth  and 
shortness  of  leg,  Venus  was  a  strictly  sensational 
heifer  of  any  breed.  With  her  was  the  handsome 
Henrietta,  also  a  recipient  of  Royal  honors,  a  fit 
maid-of -honor  to  little  Venus.  Carwardine  received 
$2,500  of  Shadeland's  money  for  the  pair. 

Clark  Gets  Peerless. — As  if  this  were  not  suffi- 
cient to  start  a  Wilton  boom,  there  came  the  stun- 
ning sisters  Delight  2d  and  Peerless,  Venus  2d, 
Venus  3d,  Henrietta  2d,  Jessie  2d,  Gertrude  Wilton, 
Bramble  2d,  Ruth  Wilton,  Rosabella  Wilton,  Lady 
C,  and  Floss — all  daughters  of  Lord  Wilton. 

In  pursuance  of  his  agreement  to  allow  Mr.  Clark 
to  select  a  few  heifers  for  his  own  herd,  Mr.  Earl 
after  first  reserving  Venus  and  Henrietta  allowed 
his  agent  to  make  a  choice  of  all  the  rest.  Clark 
selected  Peerless  and  she  proved  one  of  the  pillars 
of  his  fortune  as  a  cattle  breeder,  as  will  appear 
later.  Choice  was  then  alternated  until  Clark  got 
eight  head,  all  taken  over  at  the  cost  price. 

In  this  historic  importation  was  also  included  the 
famous  Carwardine  breeding  cow  Tiny,  mother  of 
Sir  Bartle  Frere  and  Clark's  Anxiety  3d,  and  good 
cows  from  Philip  Turner's,  George  Childs',  T.  D. 
Burlton's,  and  other  leading  herds. 

Garfield. — While  the  object  of  the  purchase  and 
importation  of  so  many  Lord  Wiltons  was  to  take 
advantage  of  the  existing  popularity  of  that  blood, 


454  A  HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

there  was  also  bought  from  John  Price  at  600 
guineas  the  bull  calf  Garfield  7015,  by  Quickset 
6853,  he  by  Regulus  by  Sir  Roger  by  Sir  Thomas, 
out  of  Plum  7016  by  Challenge  1561.  He  had  been 
first  in  the  calf  class  at  the  Eoyal  show,  was  clearly 
the  best  of  his  year  in  England,  and  in  America  de- 
veloped pronounced  substance  and  prepotency,  be- 
coming widely  celebrated  as  a  bull-getter.  He  had 
not  the  finish  of  Sir  Bartle  Frere,  but  presented  all 
those  enduring  qualities  that  had  made  the  Here- 
fords  famous — good  bone,  deep  flesh,  a  rugged  mas- 
culinity, and  an  iron  constitution.  He  was  main- 
tained in  service  at  Shadeland  until  his  death,  and 
made  his  greatest  success  as  a  cross  upon  Sir  Bartle 
Frere  heifers.  The  famous  Earls  of  Shadeland  were 
all  sired  by  Garfield,  the  greatest  of  them  being 
Earl  of  Shadeland  22d  27147,  a  fine  show  bull  and  a 
good  sire  that  left  among  other  fine  daughters  in 
the  herd  Shadeland  Cora,  Sunflower  2d,  Sunflower 
3d,  and  Shadeland  Daisy. 

John  Lewis,  Herd  Manager.— In  June,  1883,  John 
Lewis  came  out  from  Herefordshire,  and  shortly 
after  entered  the  service  of  Earl  &  Stuart.  Born 
in  the  parish  of  Eaton  Bishop,  on  Nov.  6,  1833,  he 
had  for  some  years  been  farming  on  his  own  ac- 
count, breeding  a  few  good  cattle  and  occasionally 
competing  successfully  at  local  shows.  Charles  B. 
Stuart  and  Mr.  Lewis  made  a  good  combination. 
Stuart  possessed  one  of  the  keenest  minds  ever  at- 
tracted to  cattle-breeding  problems  in  the  United 
States.  Although  a  lawyer  by  profession,  he  be- 


456  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

came  an  enthusiast  upon  the  subject  of  high-class 
Herefords  and  soon  came  to  know  the  good  ones. 
Mr.  Lewis  was  an  ideal  selection  as  manager  of  the 
fine  herd  to  be  built  up  from  this  choice  importation 
of  1882.  A  lover  of  cattle,  a  rare  judge  and  skilful 
feeder,  learned  in  the  mysteries  of  stock-breeding, 
respected  and  loved  in  all  his  relations,  the  annals 
of  American  cattle-breeding  afford  few  instances  of 
greater  success  achieved  than  that  worked  out 
largely  by  Lewis  and  Mr.  Stuart  in  the  production 
and  development  of  the  Shadeland  Herefords. 

During  the  golden  days  of  the  business  that  fol- 
lowed this  Lord  Wilton-Garfield  importation,  the 
herd,  at  one  time  numbering  between  200  and  300 
head,  was  in  many  respects  the  most  attractive  of 
any  on  American  soil.  During  the  year  1883  the 
sales  at  private  treaty  from  the  herd  aggregated  43 
head  and  averaged  over  $500.  In  November  of  that 
year  37  head  were  sold  at  auction  at  Kansas  City 
for  an  average  of  $576.35,  including  the  cow  Perfec- 
tion 2d  to  C.  D.  Hudson,  Marshall,  Mo.,  at  $1,070, 
Brunette  to  Fowler  &  VanNatta  at  $1,000,  Chris- 
tabel  3d  to  Howard  Bros.,  Edgar,  Neb.,  at  $1,000, 
and  Eoyal  16th  to  Mr.  Crane  at  $1,020.  The  cattle 
were  always  " fit, "  the  calves  well ' '  done, ' '  the  young 
bulls  admirably  managed,  the  sappy  yearlings  and 
ripe  two-year-old  heifers  sorted  by  age  so  as  to  im- 
press by  a  massing  of  their  beauty,  the  breeding 
matrons  always  in  shape  to  admire,  and  the  herd 
bulls  the  magnet  that  drew  visitors  from  all  states. 

" Uncle  John"  Lewis  is  entitled  to  a  very  large 


HEAVY  BUYING  IN  ENGLAND  BEGINS  457 

share  of  the  credit  for  the  celebrity  attained  by  this 
splendidly  maintained  establishment.  At  no  other 
Hereford-breeding  farm  in  America  has  there  ever 
been  made  a  more  effective  standing  presentation 
of  the  breed.  It  mattered  not  when  one  went  to 
Shadeland.  It  was  a  show  place  any  day  of  the 
year.  Mr.  Lewis  was  ably  assisted  in  his  work  by 
Tom  Andrews,  an  Englishman  who  always  rendered 
efficient  help  in  connection  with  the  training  of  the 
show  cattle.  Tom  Waters,  a  brother  of  George 
Waters,  one  of  the  most  famous  of  the  old-time 
western  herdsmen,  also  worked  under  Mr.  Lewis, 
having  in  especial  charge  the  beautiful  herd  of 
breeding  cows  so  long,  the  admiration  of  Shadeland 
visitors.* 


*At  this  writing  (1914)  Mr.  Lewis,  long  since  retired,  still 
lives  near  Lafayette.  Although  in  feeble  health,  at  the  age  of 
four-score  years,  the  veteran  cattleman  looks  back  over  a  long 
life  well  spent  among  the  animals  to  which  he  was  so  ardently 
devoted,  and  dreams  of  the  days  when  his  pets  were  the  pride  of 
the  countryside. 


CHAPTER  X. 

OTHER  MAKERS  OF  WESTERN  CATTLE 
HISTORY. 

Another  of  the  partners  in  the  old  Chicago  Stock 
Yards  packing  firm  of  Culbertson,  Blair  &  Co.  be- 
came largely  interested  in  Herefords,  and  was  spe- 
cially fortunate  in  forming  a  connection  with  one 
of  the  best  cattlemen  America  has  yet  produced. 
The  one  was  Moses  Fowler,  banker  and  landowner 
of  Lafayette,  Ind.;  the  other 'was  the  late  William 
S.  VanNatta.  The  co-partnership  formed  between 
them  in  1876  lasted  for  more  than  a  quarter  of  a 
century,  and  had  a  far-reaching  and  in  every  way 
a  wholesome  influence  upon  the  development  of  the 
business  of  cattle  breeding  in  the  western  United 
States. 

Mr.  Fowler  had  a  large  body  of  undeveloped  land 
in  Benton  Co.,  Ind.,  some  25,000  acres  in  extent, 
which  he  wished  to  put  to  some  profitable  use.  No 
plow  had  ever  run  a  furrow  through  the  native 
sod.  The  grazing  of  cattle  was  of  course  the  logical 
solution  to  this  problem^  and  Mr.  VanNatta  was  the 
ideal  man  to  handle  the  practical  side  of  the  busi- 
ness. Neither  owned  any  Herefords  at  the  time. 

Mr.  VanNatta's  Early  Experiences. — Mr.  Van- 
Natta was  born  in  Tippecanoe  Co.,  Ind.,  in  1830. 

458 


MOSES  FOWLER. 


460  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

For  a  dozen  years  or  more  prior  to  the  formation 
of  the  partnership  with  Moses  Fowler,  he  had  been 
buying  and  shipping  cattle  to  the  eastern  markets, 
chiefly  to  Buffalo  and  New  York.  That  was  of  course 
a  wearisome  business  then,  compared  with  now. 
There  were  long  drives  to  loading  chutes,  and  once 
on  the  rails  the  service  was  not  always  of  the  ex- 
press sort.  "However,"  Mr.  VanNatta  once  said, 
"we  always  got  there  some  how  and  usually  found 
good  entertainment  and  comfortable  accommoda- 
tions while  the  business  of  selling  was  in  progress. 
The  methods  in  vogue  then  would  probably  seem 
somewhat  crude  nowadays,  but  we  nevertheless 
found  markets  that  enabled  us  to  turn  many  an 
Indiana  pasture  and  cornfield  into  cash  at  a  good 
profit,  via  the  live  stock  route." 

During  this  period  the  only  improved  cattle  of 
which  there  was  any  trace  throughout  the  country 
generally  were  the  Shorthorns  and  their  grades. 
These,  Mr.  VanNatta  testified,  "made  good  cattle 
when  matured,  but  they  were  at  that  time  inclined 
to  be  leggy  and  matured  slowly,  having  to  be  kept 
until  they  were  three  or  four  years  old  before  they 
were  in  a  condition  to  market." 

In  the  fall  of  1876  Mr.  VanNatta  went  to  New 
Mexico  and  bought  1,500  steers  to  place  in  the  big 
Benton  county  pastures,  and  in  the  spring  of  1877 
he  took  up  his  residence  in  the  town  of  Fowler.  His 
attention  was  directed  to  the  new  breed  of  "white 
faces"  and  they  struck  him  as  being  of  a  type  that 
would  be  inclined  to  make  more  beef  off  grass  and 


I 


WILLIAM   S.   VANNATTA. 


462  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

at  an  earlier  age  than  the  kind  of  Shorthorns  then 
available. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  up  to  this  date  land 
values  and  the  price  of  foodstuffs  had  been  com- 
paratively cheap.  The  cost  of  production  of  steers 
was  not  great,  but  prices  of  both  farms  and  food 
products  were  then  advancing,  as  indeed  they  still 
are,  so  that  it  was  imperative  that  the  feeder  seek 
an  early-maturing,  quick-feeding,  thick-fleshed  class 
of  cattle.  The  Herefords  seemed  to  meet  these  re- 
quirments,  and  it  was  decided  to  introduce  them  on 
the  Fowler  lands. 

First  of  the  Fowler  Herefords.— It  was  about  1878 
that  the  first  Hereford  bull  was  bought  from  Mr. 
Robert  Sample,  who  in  connection  with  Mr.  Seabury 
had  established  a  herd  in  that  vicinity.  During  the 
following  years  twenty-five  or  thirty  head,  mainly 
young  cows  and  heifers,  were  bought  from  T.  L. 
Miller,  they  being  Mr.  VanNatta's  choice  of  his  en- 
tire herd  at  that  time.  Among  these  was  the  heifer 
Princess  1990,  by  Seventy-six,  he  by  Sir  Richard  2d. 
Princess  was  out  of  Prairie  Flower,  one  of  Mr.  Mil- 
ler's best  daughters  of  old  Success,  and  afterwards 
produced  to  the  cover  of  Tregrehan  the  famous  bull 
Fowler.  Another  one  of  this  original  purchase  was 
Viola,  by  Sir  Richard  2d,  afterwards  shown  success- 
fully at  leading  fairs  against  females  of  all  breeds; 
mated  with  Star  Grove  1st  she  produced  Viola  4th, 
another  extra  show  cow. 

Tregrehan  Bought. — In  1880  a  few  cows  and  a 
bull  were  imported  from  England  with  the  first  lot 


464  A  HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

brought  out  by  Messrs.  Earl  &  Stuart.  Mr.  Van- 
Natta's  instructions  to  them  were  to  buy  for  his 
account  as  good  a  bull  as  they  could  find,  no  limit 
being  placed  on  the  price  to  be  paid.  Under  this 
commission  Tredegar  was  delivered,  but  he  was  a 
disappointment.  Speaking  of  the  incident  Mr.  Van- 
Natta  said :  ' i  When  he  arrived  I  did  not  care  much 
for  him  and  turned  him  over  to  my  son  Frank  to 
breed  grades  from,  whereupon  I  journeyed  down 
to  Maine,  where  Messrs.  Burleigh  &  Bodwell  had 
long  maintained  a  good  herd  of  home-bred  and  im- 
ported cattle,  and  from  them  I  bought  the  bull  Tre- 
grehan,  afterwards  so  celebrated  as  a  sire." 

Tregrehan,  the  real  founder  of  this  herd,  was  bred 
in  Cornwall,  England.  He  was  sired  by  Assurance, 
a  half-brother  to  old  Anxiety,  both  being  by  Long- 
horns,  He  was  dropped  in  1879  and  was  three  years 
old  when  he  came  to  Fowler.  Speaking  of  this  pur- 
chase Mr.  VanNatta  said:  "We  paid  a  pretty  good 
price,  for  that  time,  and  when  I  told  Mr.  Fowler 
what  he  had  cost  he  remarked,  'You  wanted  him 
pretty  badly,  did  you  not?'  Two  or  three  years 
afterwards,  when  I  priced  him  at  $3,000,  Mr.  Fowler 
said,  'I  would  not  be  willing  to  sell  him  for  that 
price,  or  any  other  price.'  I  then  got  back  at  him 
by  remarking,  'You  want  him  pretty  badly,  do  you 
not?'  " 

Tregrehan  was  not  a  big  bull,  probably  not  weigh- 
ing much  more  than  2,100  pounds,  but  he  was  un- 
usually low  on  the  leg  and  carried  his  beef  right 
down  to  his  hocks.  He  was  a  bull  of  extraordinary 


OTHER  MAKERS  OP  WESTERN  CATTLE  HISTORY  465 

constitution,  very  deep  through  the  heart,  with  full 
brisket;  he  was  straight  on  the  back  to  the  tailroot, 
with  the  exception  of  a  deep  cup  or  dimple  in  the 
middle  of  his  back  to  which  many  objected.  When- 
ever this  was  criticised,  however,  Mr.  VanNatta  al- 
ways remarked,  "Well,  if  the  bull  did  not  carry  a 
great  load  of  meat  on  his  back,  he  would  not  have 
any  dimple. "  His  underline  was  also  good,  his 
shoulders  smooth,  his  head  and  horns  masculine  and 
full  of  character,  and  his  body  a  mass  of  flesh.  He 
was  quick  and  active  in  his  movements,  and  a  sire 
of  valuable  show  and  breeding  stock. 

By  this  time  the  firm  was  carrying  from  500  to 
2,500  head  of  steers  in  the  big  pastures,  and  as  the 
Hereford  grades  began  to  be  available  it  was  found 
that  they  gave  splendid  satisfaction  as  grazers. 

Fowler  &  VanNatta  began  showing  Herefords  in 
the  early  '80  's,  in  a  small  way  at  first  at  the  Lafay- 
ette and  Crawfordsville  fairs  in  Indiana,  In  those 
days  all  breeds  competed  and  they  had  many  a  hard 
fight  with  their  Shorthorn  antagonists,  represented 
by  such  careful  fitters  as  J.  H.  Potts  &  Son,  "  Uncle M 
Harvey  Sodowsky,  and  their  contemporaries. 
Tregrehan  was  sent  out  at  the  head  of  the  first  herd, 
and  a  few  years  later  Fowler  &  VanNatta  began 
making  the  rounds  of  the  big  circuit  with  cattle 
largely  the  get  of  that  bull.  They  were  a  party  to 
the  famous  " invasion"  of  Kentucky  in  1886,  show- 
ing that  year  Fowler,  Viola,  Peeress,  Miss  Fowler 
and  Lassie — one  of  the  most  successful  herds  of 
that  day. 


466  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

Fowler. — Tregrehan's  son,  Fowler,  made  the  rep- 
utation of  the  Fowler  &  VanNatta  herd.  He 
weighed  in  matured  show  condition  near  2,800 
pounds,  was  very  smooth  and  symmetrical,  and  with 
his  freedom  of  movement  and  gaiety  of  carriage 
never  failed  to  present  a  very  imposing  front.  He 
was  a  remarkably  wrell  balanced  bull,  having  no 
special  faults.  He  was  not  only  a  show  bull,  but 
proved  a  wonderful  stock-getter.  One  of  his  daugh- 
ters, Fowler  Queen  2d,  owned  by  John  Steward, 
was  first  in  that  great  yearling  class  at  the  Chicago 
World's  Fair,  and  her  daughter  Queenly  in  her  turn 
afterwards  had  an  unbeaten  showyard  record.  As 
showing  how  the  blood  bred  on,  her  daughter, 
Prairie  Queen,  subsequently  won  first  in  her  class 
and  the  junior  championship  at  the  Chicago  Inter- 
national. 

Another  famous  daughter  of  Fowler  was  Jewel 
Fowler,  dam  of  the  great  steer  Jack,  which  was  the 
first  bullock  to  win  a  grand  championship  over  all 
ages  and  breeds  in  his  yearling  form.  This  honor 
came  to  him  at  the  hands  of  Mr.  Eichard  Gibson  in 
the  show  held  at  Madison  Square  Garden  in  New 
York  City.  Jack  repeated  his  championship,  win- 
ning at  the  Chicago  Fat  Stock  Show  in  his  two- 
year-old  form.  Jewel  Fowler  also  produced  the  bull 
Java,  whose  get  have  figured  prominently  in  prize- 
lists  at  leading  shows.  She  also  produced  the  fa- 
mous March  On  6th,  sold  to  Mr.  Funkhouser  when 
six  months  old  for  $1,000,  an  offer  of  $7,500  being 
afterwards  refused  for  him. 


OTHER  MAKERS  OF  WESTERN  CATTLE  HISTORY  467 

111  response  to  a  request  from  the  author  of  this 
volume  the  following  statement  relating  to  this  cele- 
brated bull  was  prepared  by  Mr.  VanNatta's  herd 
manager,  John  J.  Steward,  some  years  ago : 

"Fowler  was  a  calf  of  medium  size.  I  well  re- 
member taking  him  in  my  arms  time  and  again, 
carrying  him  from  the  calf  pen  to  his  dam's  stall  at 
suckling  time.  By  this  you  will  see  that  he  started 
out  in  life  a  pet.  His  dam  being  an  extra  good 
milker  the  calf  was  kept  up  in  the  barn  longer 
than  usual;  he  was  unable  to  take  all  his  mother's 
milk  until  between  two  and  three  months  old,  and 
consequently  got  more  handling  and  notice  than  the 
general  crop  of  calves  did  that  early.  My  old  friend 
George  Waters  at  that  time  had  charge  of  the  Hick- 
ory Grove  Herd,  and  many  a  time  together  we 
looked  at  this  calf  and  guessed  and  prophesied  as  to 
what  he  was  likely  to  make. 

"As  most  of  your  readers  know,  Fowler  was  bred 
by  Fowler  &  VanNatta,  although  Mr.  W.  S.  Van- 
Natta  was  always  the  actual  managing  partner.  One 
of  his  chief  ideas  often  expressed  to  me  in  those 
early  years  of  his  cattle-breeding  operations  was 
this:  'I  am  going  to  widen  out  and  improve  the 
hindquarters  of  these  cattle.'  So  when  this  calf 
was  dropped,  being  so  strong  in  that  respect  he  was 
soon  selected  for  future  use  in  the  herd.  It  almost 
seemed  as  though  he  came  on  purpose.  He  got  his 
name  Fowler  on  account  of  his  great  promise,  being 
considered  good  enough  to  be  named  after  the  senior 
partner  of  the  firm. 

'  *  Before  saying  more  about  Fowler  let  us  go  back 
a  little  further  and  mention  his  sire,  imp.  Tregre- 
han  6203,  quite  a  noted  bull  in  English  showrings 
and  several  times  a  sweepstakes  winner  after  his 
arrival  on  this  side.  He  was  a  very  low-down,  thick- 


468  A  HISTORY  OP  HEREFORD  CATTLE 

fleshed,  deep-bodied  bull,  with  a  wonderful  width 
of  front,  and  proved  to  be  a  very  impressive  sire. 
I  might  state  here  how  Mr.  VanNatta  came  to  buy 
Tregrehan.  He  was  on  a  visit  to  the  late  H.  C. 
Burleigh  in  Maine  (the  importer)  arid  at  once  on 
seeing  the  bull  determined  to  buy  him,  but  could 
not  get  a  price  on  him  until  he  agreed  to  purchase 
two  carloads  of  cows,  which  he  did;  he  brought  the 
bull  home  with  him.  Tregrehan  sired  quite  a  num- 
ber of  show  cattle  besides  Fowler  and  transmitted 
to  his  get  the  power  to  breed  on  and  give  to  his 
descendants,  even  to  the  third  and  fourth  genera- 
tion, his  wonderful  constitution,  early-maturing 
qualities,  smoothness  of  flesh  and  noted  showyard 
style. 

"As  will  be  seen  on  looking  over  a  tabulated  pedi- 
gree, Tregrehan  was  bred  right  to  be  a  right  sire; 
his  sire,  Assurance  4589,  was  almost  a  full  brother 
in  blood  to  imp.  Anxiety,  both  being  by  Longhorns 
out  of  DeCote  cows,  while  his  dam  traces  back  to  old 
Sir  Benjamin.  His  dam,  Princess  1990,  besides  be- 
ing a  heavy  milker  was  naturally  a  thick-fleshed 
cow  and  soon  got  fat  when  dry.  She  was  a'  long- 
bodied,  roomy  cow,  with  a  well  sprung  rib,  extra 
long  hindquarters,  a  beautiful  head  and  fine  droop- 
ing horns — just  the  kind  of  cow  one  would  expect 
to  be  a  good  producer.  An  examination  of  the  tabu- 
lated pedigree  of  Fowler  will  show  that  we  have 
close  up  not  only  the  Assurance  or  Anxiety  blood 
through  his  sire,  but  through  his  dam  the  blood  of 
Sir  Richard  2d  and  old  Success,  two  of  the  most 
noted  bulls  of  their  day  and  to  which  the  Hereford 
breed  owes  much  of  its  prominence  in  America  to- 
day by  their  use  in  the  herds  of  T.  L.  Miller,  0.  M. 
Culbertson  and  others  of  the  earlier  American 
breeders.  Tracing  back  further  we  find  the  blood  of 
old  Sir  Thomas  in  several  lines,  also  that  of  the 


OTHER  MAKERS  OP  WESTERN  CATTLE  HISTORY  469 

Hewer  Bros,  and  Messrs.  Arkwright  and  Philip 
Turner  stock,  thus  clearly  showing  that  Fowler 
owed  much  of  his  greatness  to  inheritance. 

i l  In  his  yearling  form  Fowler  was  such  a  growthy 
fellow  that  to  some  breeders  he  looked  a  bit  leggy, 
though  really  his  make-up  then  was  a  preparatory 
form  of  the  massive  bull  he  finally  made,  weighing 
in  his  five-year-old  form  2,800  pounds.  His  first 
appearance  in  the  showring  was  when  two  years 
old,  when  he  stood  at  the  head  of  the  grand  sweep- 
stakes herd  at  the  Illinois  State  Fair  in  1885,  which 
victory  he  repeated  in  the  following  year  besides 
winning  in  his  class  at  that  and  several  other  fairs 
and  defeating  such  noted  bulls  as  imp.  Hesiod,  Sir 
Bartle  Frere  and  others.  This  winning  of  grand 
sweepstakes  with  the  herd  he  headed  was  the  first 
time  the  Herefords  had  done  the  trick  at  a  state 
fair  up  to  that  time,  and  I  well  remember  how  hu- 
miliated the  noted  Shorthorn  showman,  Mr.  H.  So- 
dowsky,  was  when  ordered  to  follow  the  Herefords, 
headed  by  Fowler,  in  the  parade.  Still,  the  majority 
of  Shorthorn  breeders  admired  and  I  may  say  re- 
spected the  bull,  for  he  could  hold  his  own  in  the 
showring  among  his  opponents  better  than  any  bull 
of  his  breed  up  to  that  time,  and  some  of  our  battles 
of  the  breeds  in  those  days  were  rather  bitter 
affairs. 

"  Fowler  was  a  natural  show  bull,  always  full  of 
style,  his  fine  head  erect,  his  bright  full  eye  noticing 
everything  around  him.  I  used  to  think  he  under- 
stood the  art  of  posing,  for  no  sooner  was  he  led  out 
of  his  stall  for  inspection  when  he  would  square 
himself  up  and  be  at  the  '  attention '  mark,  showing 
to  advantage  every  good  point.  His  straight  top 
and  bottom  lines,  wonderful  heartgirth,  deep  wide 
chest,  strong  loin,  and  massive  hindquarters,  sup- 


470  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ported  on  clean  straight  legs,  never  failed  to  draw 
words  of  praise  from  the  examiner.  The  idea  which 
I  wish  to  give  of  him  can  be  easily  understood  by 
those  who  have  seen  the  engraving  after  Palmer  of 
the  i  Hickory  Grove  Herefords.' 

"  During  the  years  Fowler  was  fitted  and  shown 
he  was  used  heavily  in  service  most  of  the  time.  His 
feed  consisted  chiefly  of  ground  oats,  bran  and 
beets,  with  a  small  proportion  of  corn  and  oilcake. 
I  always  attributed  his  great  growth  to  a  generous 
amount  of  milk  and  muscle-making  food  during  the 
early  part  of  his  life.  As  to  his  worth  as  a  breeder 
we  have  a  long  list  of  animals  of  his  get  (many 
noted  in  the  showring)  which  need  little  eulogy 
from  my  pen.  Cherry  Boy  must  stand  first  and 
foremost;  to  speak  of  him  as  lie  deserves  would  call 
for  a  separate  chapter.  Other  bulls  of  note  from 
his  loins  were  Chicago,  Fowler  Prince,  Lord  Fowler 
and  Cherry  Lad.  Of  his  many  daughters  I  shall  con- 
fine myself  to  the  mention  of  only  a  few:  May 
Fowler,  herself  a  sweepstakes  winner  and  great  pro- 
ducer, was  the  dam  of  Mr.  Funkhouser's  May  Day 
and  grandam  of  Hesiod  29th.  Jewel  Fowler  was 
the  dam  of  Java,  which  sired  so  many  winners  for 
Mr.  John  Hooker  and  is  now  at  Sunny  Slope  in 
service ;  she  was  also  the  dam  of  the  champion  steer 
Jack,  and  her  last  calf  was  March  On  6th,  the  first 
prize  bull  calf  at  the  great  Kansas  City  Show, 
where  he  was  purchased  by  Mr.  Funkhouser.  Eosa 
Fowler  was  the  dam  of  Rosa  Grove  and  of  the  prize- 
winning  heifer  Miss  March  On.  Clarissa  was  also 
a  great  breeding  cow,  and  the  last  three  named  are 
still  at  Hickory  Grove.  Then  comes  Fowler  Queen 
2d,  winner  at  the  World 's  Fair,  and  again  at  Omaha, 
and  now  nursing  her  sixth  calf.  I  cannot  close  this 
list  without  mentioning  a  few  more,  such  as  Lassie 
(the  dam  of  Mr.  Sotham's  great  producing  cow 


OTHER  MAKERS  OF  WESTERN  CATTLE  HISTORY  471 

Grove  Lassie),  Mr.  George  Redhead's  Gussie  Fow- 
ler, and  Mr.  Curtice's  fine  breeding  cow  Cherry 
Girl.  The  foregoing  list  clearly  proves  what  I  said 
above  relating  to  the  Tregrehan-Fowler  blood  breed- 
ing on.  Many  others  of  merit  I  could  mention. 
While  on  a  recent  visit  to  Hickory  Grove  spending 
a  few  days  among  my  old  favorites  I  had  repeated 
opportunities  of  seeing  how  many  of  the  good  young 
things  now  in  the  herd  trace  their  descent  from 
Fowler. 

"In  his  thirteenth  year  Fowler  was  shipped  to 
the  Chicago  Stock  Yards,  though  still  potent.  From 
continued  heavy  service  and  his  great  weight  his 
hocks  became  spavined,  which  seriously  interfered 
with  his  usefulness;  having  a  big  surplus  of  cattle 
on  hand  at  the  time  and  the  cattle  trade  then  being 
at  its  lowest  ebb,  Mr.  VanNatta  decided  to  ship 
him  for  slaughter  along  with  a  trio  of  other  noted 
bulls— Anxiety  4th  2947,  Star  Grove  1st  and  Hen-. 
gler.  Determined  to  see  the  last  of  my  old  favorite, 
I  accompanied  these  bulls  to  the  stockyards.  Even 
then,  crippled  as  he  was,  old  Fowler  still  attracted 
all  onlookers  and  drew  plaudits  of  praise  from  the 
stockyards  men  by  his  proud  carriage.  He  weighed 
then  2,400  pounds,  his  loin  as  thick  and  smooth  as 
ever  and  his  back,  as  it  always  was,  as  straight  as  a 
yardarm. ' ' 

Looking  back  over  all  of  his  Hereford  breeding 
operations  in  his  later  years  Mr.  VanNatta  often 
spoke  of  Fowler  as  the  most  valuable  bull  he  ever 
owned.  He  was  wonderfully  prepotent  and  his 
blood  bred  on,  for  years  winning  prizes  in  the  hard- 
est contested  fights,  extra  finish  and  symmetry  be- 
ing nearly  always  present  in  his  descendants.  There 
was  about  Fowler  a  certain  strong  and  showy  char- 


472  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

acter,  an  individuality  peculiarly  his  own,  that 
stamped  him  as  one  of  the  best  of  the  breed  in  his 
day  and  generation. 

Burleigh  &  Bodwell.— Mr.  Hall  C.  Burleigh  of 
Maine  has  already  been  mentioned  as  one  of  the 
earliest  New  England  breeders.  He  bought  his  first 
purebred  bull  in  1865  and  was  so  pleased  with  the 
results  of  his  use  that  in  1868  he  purchased  eleven 
head,  then  the  entire  herd  of  Hon.  M.  H.  Cochrane 
of  Quebec,  including  the  young  bull  Compton  Lad 
1327.*  Mr.  Burleigh  at  once  began  exhibiting  his 
cattle  at  the  leading  eastern  fairs,  Compton  Lad 
proving  a  remarkably  successful  bull.  He  was  ex- 
hibited for  a  period  of  nearly  eight  years,  and  is 
reported  to  have  won  seventy-four  first  prizes  out 
of  seventy-five  shown  for,  seventeen  of  which  were 
in  competition  with  other  breeds.  This  is  the  bull 
that  was  exchanged  by  Mr.  Burleigh  at  the  Phila- 
delphia Centennial  of  1876  to  Mr.  John  Merryman 
for  the  famous  Sir  Eichard  2d,  which  as  has  been, 
already  stated,  sired  a  wonderful  lot  of  cattle  while 
in  use  in  New  England  and  in  1878  was  sold  along 
with  19  females  to  T.  L.  Miller. 

In  1879  Mr.  Burleigh  formed  a  partnership  with 
Hon.  J.  E.  Bodwell  and  began  importing  extensively 
from  England.  We  believe  he  brought  out  seven 
lots  in  all,  most  of  which  were  immediately  resold 
for  shipment  to  the  west.  Prominent  among  these 
were  the  bulls  Tregrehan  ^06  and  Anxiety  2d  4580. 

*It  has  been  stated  that  the  late  George  Shores  of  Wateryille, 
one  of  the  pioneer  Hereford  breeders  of  Maine,  was  financially 
interested  in  this  purchase  also 


OTHER  MAKERS  OF  WESTERN  CATTLE  HISTORY  473 

Tregrehan  became  the  great  foundation  sire  of  the 
VanNatta  herds.  Anxiety  2d  was  a  grand  bull  in 
every  way.  He  also  -was  taken  west  and  in  the 
hands  of  GL  S.  Burleigh  contributed  largely  to  the 
Hereford  advance  in  the  United  States. 

H.  C.  Burleigh  showed  Herefords  at  the  Indiana 
State  Fair  as  early  as  1881,  upon  which  occasion 
he  won  class  prizes  but  in  the  competition  against 
Shorthorns  received  nothing.  It  is  stated  that  on 
complaining  of  unfair  treatment  upon  this  occasion 
an  officer  of  the  society,  after  telling  him  that  all 
the  officials  of  the  show  were  Shorthorn  partisans, 
ended  by  saying :  ' i  I  tell  you  plainly,  the  Almighty 
never  created  a  Hereford  or  an  animal  of  any  breed 
that  can  beat  a  third-class  Shorthorn  on  this  show 
ground  in  the  sweepstakes  ring."  Two  years  later, 
however,  this  statement  found  complete  refutation, 
Mr.  Burleigh  winning  a  championship  in  a  ring  of 
thirty-six  females  with  the  cow  Truth  2d  6605. 

In  1883  the  Indiana  Blooded  Stock  Co.  was  or- 
ganized with  a  capital  stock  of  $200,000,  Mr.  Bur- 
leigh being  president.  Messrs.  Fletcher  and  Holt  of 
Indianapolis  were  largely  interested  and  were  in 
local  charge  6f  the  herd,  which  subsequently  ob- 
tained prominence  as  one  of  the  important  collec- 
tions of  the  breed  in  the  middle  west,  making  a 
number  of  successful  public  sales  at  Chicago  and 
Kansas  City.  In  1883  this  company  won  "The 
Breeder's  Gazette"  $250  gold  challenge  shield  at 
the  Fat  Stock  Show  with  the  beautiful  heifer  Bur- 
leigh 's  Pride,  a  Hereford- Angus  cross  weighing 


474  A  HISTORY   OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

1,820  pounds  at  two  years  old.  Mr.  Bureligh  bred 
the  steer  Fisherman,  that  was  successfully  shown  at 
Kansas  City,  Chicago  and  the  New  Orleans  exposi- 
tions. He  also  exhibited  the  good  bullocks  Tidy  Boy 
and  Rosy  Duke,  seen  at  the  Fat  Stock  Show  of  1884 
and  taken  back  east  to  form  a  part  of  a  great  col- 
lection of  steers  shown  there  in  1885.  Upon  the 
death  of  Gov.  Bodwell  in  1887  Mr.  Burleigh  pur- 
chased his  interest  in  the  partnership  herd.  He  died 
in  1895  and  was  succeeded  in  the  ownership  of  the 
cattle  by  his  son  Thomas  G.  Burleigh,  who  still  car- 
ries the  herd  upon  the  old  farm. 

Gudgell  &  Simpson. — We  come  now  to  perhaps 
the  most  important  story  of  all — a  story  that  really 
begins  with  the  departure  of  " Governor"  Simpson 
of  Missouri  for  Herefordshire  in  1881  and  which  is 
yet  to  be  concluded.  The  end  is  not  in  sight  at 
this  writing. 

The  foundation  of  the  Gudgell  &  Simpson  herd 
at  Independence,  Mo.,  was  laid  in  1877.  It  was  then 
that  Charles  Gudgell  purchased  for  himself  and  his 
brother  James  R.  Gudgell  three  cows,  four  two- 
year-old  heifers,  and  one  bull  from  the  herd  of  F. 
W.  Stone,  Guelph,  Ontario.  These  ahimals  were  a 
choice  selection  and  were  representative  of  the  best 
strains  from  the  herds  of  Lord  Bateman,  Lord 
Berwick,  and  Mr.  Williams.  This  constituted  the 
first  herd  of  the  breed  located  in  the  state  of  Mis- 
souri and  the  second  west  of  the  Missouri  River. 
A  second  purchase  was  made  from  the  same  source 
the  following  year.  In  this  lot  were  a  yearling 


CHARLES    GDDQBLL. 


476  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

heifer  and  the  imported  bull  Governor  4th  1293, 
which  had  been  in  use  in  the  Stone  herd  for  a  few 
years.  There  were  also  about  a  dozen  young  bulls 
which  were  sold  at  auction  in  May,  1879,  at  Kansas 
City— the  first  public  sale  of  registered  Herefords 
ever  held  west  of  the  Missouri  River.  The  average 
price  was  $256,  and  the  purchasers  were  men  who 
had  never  seen  a  Hereford  before  that  time.  Dur- 
ing 1879  a  few  females  were  added  to  the  herd  by 
purchases  from  breeders  in  northern  Ohio.* 

In  1880  a  business  arrangement  was  made  with  T. 
A.  Simpson  whereby  he  became  financially  inter- 
ested in  the  herd,  and  the  business  was  subsequently 
conducted  under  the  firm  name  of  Gudgell  &  Simp- 
son. Under  this  arrangement  operations  were  to  be 
conducted  upon  a  more  extensive  scale  and  an  im- 
portation of  Herefords  from  England  was  at  once 
undertaken.  This  importation  of  about  sixty  head 
included  a  yearling  bull  for  herd  use,  the  remainder 
being  heifers,  cows  and  calves. 

"A  Bull  With  An  End."— A  second  importation 
was  made  in  1881  of  something  over  100  head,  con- 
sisting in  the  main  of  females  for  the  breeding  herd 
and  about  twenty-five  head  of  young  bulls  for  use 
on  a  ranch  in  Colorado  in  which  the  junior  partners 
were  interested.  In  this  importation  came  the  two 
yearling  bulls  Anxiety  4th  9904  and  North  Pole 
8946,  destined  to  accomplish  a  very  great  improve- 

*  Among  other  early  owners  of  registered  Herefords  in  Mis- 
souri were  Mr.  Fielding  W.  Smith,  J.  M.  McKim,  F.  C.  McCutcheon 
and  J.  R.  Henderson.  Messrs.  Gudgell  &  Simpson  imported  and 
handled  Aberdeen-Angus  cattle  as  well  as  Herefords  for  a  time, 
but  after  a  few  years  limited  their  operations  to  the  breeding  of 
"white  faces," 


A.  SIMPSON. 


478  A   HISTORY   OF    HEREFORD    CATTLE 

ment  in  the  Gudgell  &  Simpson  herd  and  in  the 
Hereford  breed  of  cattle.  Anxiety  4th  came  from 
the  herd  of  T.  J.  Carwardine  and  North  Pole  from 
that  of  Aaron  Bogers,  both  herds  at  that  time  being 
very  conspicuous  in  the  English  showyards. 

When  Mr.  Simpson  was  leaving  home  for  his  sec- 
ond importation  and  was  bidding  good-bye  to  his 
partner,  the  senior  Gudgell,  he  asked,  "What  are 
your  parting  instructions  V '  Gudgell  answered, 
"If  you  find  a  bull  over  there  with  an  end  to  him, 
bring  him  with  you. ' '  Simpson  claimed  that  Anxi- 
ety 4th  was  bought  in  compliance  with  and  fulfil- 
ment of  this  injunction. 

A  third  importation  of  about  100  head  was  made 
in  1882  which  consisted  mainly  of  females  for  the 
breeding  herd.  These  were  taken  into  a  country 
that  had  for  years  been  strong  in  the  Shorthorn 
faith  and  the  following  statement  by  Mr.  Gudgell 
as  to  the  reception  met  with  by  the  "white  faces" 
is  therefore  of  interest : 

"At  the  time  of  our  introduction  of  the  Herefords 
this  locality  was  a  great  center  for  Shorthorns,  of 
which  breed  there  were  over  3,000  head  of  regis- 
tered animals  in  Jackson  county,  Mo.,  besides  a 
great  many  in  the  neighboring  counties.  As  may 
well  be  surmised,  we  had  a  lonesome  time  of  it  in 
presenting  the  merits  of  the  Herefords,  as  well  as 
a  lively  time  in  answering  the  criticisms  to  which 
they  were  freely  subjected.  While  some  of  the  com- 
petent critics  would  admit  the  good  features  of  the 
short  legs,  thick  flesh  and  good  middles  of  the  Here- 
fords, they  all  pounced  unmercifully  upon  their 
heavy  heads,  large  horns  and  thick  leathery  necks, 


480  A   HISTORY   OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

as  compared  with  these  features  in  the  Shorthorns, 
and  turned  away  in  apparent  disgust  at  sight  of 
what  they  termed  their  peaked  and  cat-hammed 
hindquarters.  Being  accustomed  ourselves  to  judge 
of  cattle  somewhat  from  the  Shorthorn  standard 
(we  at  that  time  owned  a  small  herd  of  this  breed), 
we  could  not  but  admit  to  ourselves  that  the  Here- 
fords  were  open  to  some  criticism  in  the  above  men- 
tioned features,  and  we  thereupon  resolved  to  make 
an  effort  to  correct  the  defects. 

11  After  seeing  the  imported  bull  Anxiety  2238  at 
Chicago  on  his  arrival  in  this  country,  and  being 
much  impressed  with  his  conformation,  we  were 
satisfied  that  the  features  so  severely  criticised  in 
the  Herefords  could  be  very  materially  improved. 
To  this  end  we  determined  to  see  for  ourselves  what 
manner  of  Herefords  they  had  on  the  other  side  of 
the  Atlantic.  In  pursuance  of  this  resolution  we 
visited  Herefordshire  in  the  following  summer  of 
1880  and  brought  over  a  shipment  of  nearly  sixty 
head.  This  importation  we  followed  up  the  next 
year  with  a  second  importation  of  over  100  head, 
and  again  in  1882  with  a  third  importation  of  a  like 
number.  With  the  exception  of  some  thirty  bulls 
that  we  brought  over  for  use  on  a  western  ranch 
in  which  we  were  interested  these  cattle  were  nearly 
all  females,  selected  for  breeding  and  not  for  specu- 
lative purposes." 

Anxiety  4th  and  North  Pole.— After  this  last  im- 
portation these  breeders  found  themselves  in  posses- 
sion of  a  large  herd  of  females  selected  from  some 
twenty  different  herds  and  representing  many 
strains  of  breeding  and  different  types.  They  also 
had  the  two  bulls  Anxiety  4th  9904  and  North  Pole 
8946,  which  they  retained  for  service  after  the  other 


OTHER  MAKERS  OF  WESTERN  CATTLE  HISTORY  481 

herd  bulls  previously  used  had  been  disposed  of. 
These  two  bulls  could  not  be  classed  as  of  the  same 
type,  although  they  were  similar  in  some  respects. 
They  were  both  straight  and  level  in  their  toplines, 
with  drooping  horns  (those  of  Anxiety  4th  the  more 
pronounced  in  this  respect),  smooth  and  round  over 
the  hips,  thick-fleshed,  and  they  had  good  coats  of 
hair.  North  Pole  was  the  larger  bull  and  was  some- 
what longer  in  his  legs;  he  was  a  bull  of  great  consti- 
tution. Anxiety  4th,  although  short  of  leg,  had 
heavier  bone,  a  feature  that  was  transmitted  to  his 
descendants  for  several  generations.  The  use  of 
these  two  bulls  in  this  herd  of  cows  developed  the 
fact  that  North  Pole  was  not  a  success  as  a  sire  of 
bulls,  his  bull  calves  showing  the  upstanding  feature 
to  an  unsatisfactory  degree.  On  the  other  hand  his 
heifer  calves  were  not  so  affected  but  were  of  much 
more  than  ordinary  merit.  Anxiety  4th  proved  a 
most  satisfactory  sire  of  both  bulls  and  heifers — 
probably  the  greatest  "all  around"  breeding  bull 
ever  imported. 

The  mingling  of  the  blood  of  these  two  bulls 
proved  one  of  the  happiest  nicks  known  in  Ameri- 
can Hereford  history.  It  has  been  suggested  ihat 
North  Pole  has  never  been  given  full  credit  in  con- 
nection with  the  extraordinary  success  that  followed 
the  crossing  of  Anxiety  4th  upon  his  heifers.  Cer- 
tain it  is  that  a  great  "  hit ' '  was  scored  in  the  blend- 
ing of  the  blood  of  these  two  bulls.  North  Pole 
had  not  so  pleasing  a  head  as  Anxiety  4th,  neither 
was  he  so  good  at  the  thighs,  but  he  was  strong 


482  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

around  the  heart,  a  point  where  Anxiety  4th  was 
faulted.  The  latter  was  so  good  in  his  head  and  so 
wonderful  in  his  quarters  that  he  corrected  any 
tendency  on  the  part  of  North  Pole's  daughters  to 
perpetuate  their  sire's  defects  in  those  particulars. 
It  was,  in  brief,  a  case  where  one  admirably  bal- 
anced the  other. 

The  breeding  of  Anxiety  4th  has  already  been  set 
forth.  North  Pole  was  sired  by  Mars  12th  4462,* 
bred  by  the  Greens  of  Marlow  from  Wrexham  2411 
and  Gem  8th  4440  by  Dauphin  3353.  The  Marlow 
cattle  were  always  noted  for  their  scale  and  consti- 
tution. Dauphin  was  got  by  Eenown  2854,  bred  by 
Lord  Berwick  of  Cronkhill. 

Simpson's  Discernment. — Along  with  this  second 
importation  there  came  a  young  cow,  Dowager  6th 
6932,  that  figures  extensively  in  the  pedigrees  of 
many  high-class  Herefords  of  the  present  day 
through  her  sons  Don  Carlos  33734  and  Don  Quixote 
37205  and  her  double  grandson  Beau  Donald  58996. 
When  Mr.  Simpson  and  James  E.  Gudgell,  who  ac- 
companied him  on  his  trip  to  England,  visited  the 
herd  of  Mr.  Thomas  Lewis  of  Woodhouse  they 
found  the  cattle  in  very  thin  condition  and  by  no 
means  attractive  in  appearance.  After  glancing 
over  the  herd  Mr.  Simpson  asked  the  price  of  one 
young  cow  that,  if  anything,  seemed  thinner  in  flesh 
than  any  others  of  the  herd.  The  price  was  given 
and  Mr.  Simpson  promptly  bought  her.  Gudgell 
asked  him  what  he  wanted  with  that  skeleton  and 
if  he  was  going  to  start  a  boneyard?  Simpson 


OTHER  MAKERS  OF  WESTERN  CATTLE  HISTORY  483 

laughed  and  said,  "That  cow  is  a  pretty  tough- 
looking  proposition,  but  she  will  be  all  right  when 
she  has  a  little  Missouri  corn  and  bluegrass. ' '  This 
statement  proved  to  be  true,  for  this  Dowager  6th 
made  one  of  the  finest  cows  of  all  their  importa- 
tions and  was  a  most  satisfactory  breeder.  In  this 
case  as  in  nearly  all  of  his  other  purchases,  seeing 
that  he  bought  for  these  importations  scarcely  any 
cattle  that  were  in  high  condition  or  had  been  fitted 
for  show,  the  knowledge  which  Gov.  Simpson  had 
acquired  of  animal  anatomy  in  his  earlier  vocation 
was  of  great  advantage  to  him.  He  had  formerly 
been  in  the  horse  and  mule  business,  in  which  he 
bought  up  young  and  thin  animals  and  fitted  them 
for  market,  thus  learning  to  make  due  allowance 
for  the  improvement  to  be  made  in  a  thin  animal 
by  the  addition  of  flesh.  The  fact  that  an  English 
breeder  thought  an  animal  especially  fine  when  in 
high  condition  did  not  have  any  weight  with  him  in 
making  his  selections. 

At  the  time  Mr.  Simpson  bought  Anxiety  4th 
some  friendly  English  breeders  disinterestedly  ad- 
vised him  to  take  another  bull  which  was  being 
fitted  for  show;  they  urged  him  so  strongly  that  Mr. 
Aaron  Eogers  became  impatient  with  their  impor- 
tunities and  told  them  to  "let  Simpson  alone, "  that 
he  knew  better  what  he  wanted  than  they  did.  Sub- 
sequent developments  made  very  plain  to  them  and 
others  the  wisdom  of  his  selection. 

North  Pole  was  used  in  the  herd  for  about  four 
years  and  was  then  sold  for  steer-getting  purposes 


484  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Anxiety  4th  served  out  his  period  of  usefulness  in 
the  herd  and  died  when  about  ten  years  old.  He 
was  never  shown  at  any  fair — not  but  that  he  would 
have  made  a  very  creditable  showing  with  reason- 
able fitting  but  because  there  was  too  much  work 
cut  out  for  him  to  perform.  His  owners  had  a  nat- 
ural aversion  to  the  show  policy  and  did  not  pro- 
pose to  shorten  his  period  of  usefulness.  Par- 
tially to  compensate  for  this  his  owners  castrated 
the  first  calf  from  his  service  and  named  him  Sus- 
pense, the  steer  alluded  to  in  a  previous  chapter, 
which  was  exhibited  for  several  years,  being  a  prize 
winner  at  the  Kansas  City  and  Chicago  fat  stock 
shows  and  at  the  New  Orleans  Exposition.  Sus- 
pense was  a  very  smooth  and  thick-fleshed  steer 
with  grand  loin,  extra  heavy  hindquarters  and  very 
drooping  horns,  but  he  was  looked  upon  then  from 
the  butcher's  standpoint  as  rather  strong  in  the 
bones  of  his  legs,  which  however  were  very  short, 
bringing  his  body  very  close  to  the  ground. 

Beau  Monde  and  Beau  Real. — The  first  bulls  by 
Anxiety  4th  to  attract  attention  by  their  records  in 
the  showring  were  Beau  Monde  9903  and  Beau  Real 
11055,  both  bought  and  exhibited  by  Shockey  & 
Gibb,  Lawrence,  Kans.  These  bulls  had  been  in- 
cluded in  a  sale  held  at  Kansas  City  in  September, 
1884.  Beau  Monde  was  then  a  two-year-old  and 
Beau  Real  but  twelve  months  old.  The  latter  was 
bought  by  Mr.  Shockey  for  $300,  and  matured  into 
one  of  the  greatest  bulls  ever  seen  in  the  west. 

Among  other  bulls,  sons  of  Anxiety  4th,  which 


OTHER  MAKERS  OF  WESTERN  CATTLE  HISTORY  485 

made  good  records  as  breeders  in  other  herds  may 
be  mentioned  Don  Juan  11069,  Sylvester  11123, 
Fanatic  27420,  Western  Eagle  28109,  Anxiety  Mon- 
arch 41216,  Brainard  41770  and  others. 

Best  Anxiety  Bulls  Go  To  The  Range.— With  but 
few  exceptions  the  bull  calves  by  Anxiety  4th  were 
sold  to  go  to  the  range.  There  was-  but  a  limited 
demand  for  herd  bulls  and  a  fairly  good  market  for 
range  bulls.  It  is  the  belief  of  these  breeders  and 
of  their  old  herdsman,  George  Shand,  that  the  best 
Anxiety  4th  bull  they  ever  bred,  a  full  brother  to 
Don  Carlos,  was  sold  to  a  ranchman  from  Texas.  In 
the  later  years  of  his  service,  when  he  apparently 
bred  best,  the  cattle  business  was  suffering  a  great 
depression  and  bulls  by  the  carload,  mainly  the  get 
of  Anxiety  4th,  were  sold  to  ranchmen  such  as 
Charles  Goodnight,  Towers  &  Gudgell,  and  others. 

In-breeding. — The  earlier  breeding  operations  in 
the  Gudgell  &  Simpson  herd  were  conducted  much 
upon  the  same  lines  as  pursued  by  various  Here- 
ford breeders,  who  were  religiously  abstaining  from 
breeding  to  close  affinities.  So  scrupulously  did  they 
adhere  to  this  policy  that  for  several  years  they 
bred  the  four  heifers  bought  of  Mr.  Carwardine  and 
sired  by  old  Anxiety  2238  to  North  Pole.  As  an  ex- 
periment one  of  these  heifers  was  bred  to  Anxiety 
4th  and  produced  a  very  fine  calf.  Under  the  the- 
ories that  prevailed  among  Hereford  breeders  at 
that  time  this  calf  should  have  been  lacking  in  some 
respect  as  compared  with  calves  free  from  the  taint 
of  incestuous  breeding.  But  such  was  not  the  case. 


486  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

On  the  contrary  it  was  so  markedly  superior  to  the 
others  from  the  same  cow  and  those  from  the  other 
cows  by  Anxiety  2238  that  the  eyes  of  these  breeders 
were  opened  to  the  possibilities  which  might  be 
accomplished  by  pursuing  another  course  in  their 
breeding  operations. 

They  had  already  noted  that  Anxiety  4th  himself 
was  the  product  of  a  mating  of  half-brother  and 
half-sister  and  their  investigations  of  Hereford 
pedigrees  showed  them  that  a  number  of  famous 
animals  of  the  breed  were  the  product  of  very  close 
affinities.  These  facts,  together  with  the  further 
general  information  which  they  had  that  breeding 
from  close  relations  in  other  lines  of  live  stock  had 
by  no  means  proved  unproductive  of  good  results, 
led  them  to  think  that  they  too  might  venture  cau- 
tiously within  the  field  of  close  breeding  and  there- 
by sooner  approach  their  ideal  in  the  breeding  of 
Herefords.  The  admonitions  which  they  had  from 
their  friends  among  Hereford  breeders  and  the  unr 
favorable  criticism  of  their  course  by  others  did  not 
deter  them  from  following  up  the  policy  which  they 
had  begun,  though  they  did  this  with  extreme  cau- 
tion and  with  some  experiments  in  outcrosses  from 
other  lines  of  breeding.  These  various  outcrosses 
through  bulls  from  other  herds  were  not  satisfac- 
tory, so  they  resorted  to  the  plan  of  getting  some 
new  blood  from  outcrosses  through  the  dams  in- 
stead of  through  the  sires  as  is  usually  done.  This 
they  were  able  to  do  because  they  had  in  their  foun- 
dation stock  so  many  different  strains  of  blood. 


OTHER  MAKERS  OF  WESTERN  CATTLE  HISTORY  487 

Don  Carlos. — As  already  stated,  the  policy  of  close 
breeding  in  this  herd  was  undertaken  with  caution 
and  with  much  experimenting  and  some  consider- 
able degree  of  misgiving.  However,  when  Don  Car- 
los 33734  grew  up  in  the  herd  and  began  to  be  used 
he  was  made  the  main  service  bull  for  concentrating 
the  blood  of  Anxiety  4th  and  was  freely  used  upon 
his  half-sisters  as  well  as  on  the  cows  by  North 
Pole  8946. 

Don  Carlos  was  shown  at  the  World's  Fair  at 
Chicago  in  1893  when  seven  years  old,  and  with 
over  250  calves  dropped  to  his  service  was  given 
second  place  in  the  aged  bull  class  and  reserve  for 
sweepstakes  bull,  as  will  appear  further  on.  It  was 
the  intention  to  show  Druid  46833,  a  son  of  Don 
Carlos,  in  the  aged  bull  class  at  Chicago,  but  he 
accidentally  got  greatly  frightened  at  some  noisy 
school  children  so  that  he  became  very  nervous  and 
developed  a  fighting  disposition.  Consequently 
Don  Carlos  was  taken  as  a  last  resort. 

An  Outcross  That  Failed. — In  the  meantime  an- 
other attempt  at  an  outcross  was  made  through  the 
bull  Earl  of  Shadeland  47th  36644,  wearing  the 
laurels  of  champion  two-year-old  bull  at  the  Illinois 
State  Fair  at  Chicago  and  combining  the  blood  of 
Garfield,  Lord  Wilton,  and  The  Grove  3rd.  This 
bull  was  used  for  two  years  on  some  of  the  best 
cows  of  the  Herd  but  did  not  prove  to  be  a  success 
as  a  breeder,  and  as  the  demand  for  mature  bulls 
was  slack  he  was  finally  sold  to  the  butcher.  From 
this  bull,  however,  Gudgell  &  Simpson  got  the  bull 


488  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

Roseland  51840,  which  they  used  in  the  herd  for  a 
couple  of  years.  He  was  a  good  bull  and  a  good 
breeder  but  his  calves  were  sometimes  lacking  in  the 
coat  of  hair  desired  in  this  herd,  although  his  sub- 
sequent owners  were  very  much  pleased  with  him. 

Sons  of  Don  Carlos. — Following  Don  Carlos  and 
his  full  brother  Don  Quixote  37205  came  Druid 
46833,  Beau  Brummel  51817,  and  Lamplighter 
51834,  all  sired  by  Don  Carlos  and  out  of  some  of 
the  best  daughters  of  North  Pole.  Lamplighter  was 
shown  as  a  yearling  at  the  Columbian  Exposition 
at  Chicago,  was  first  in  class  and  headed  the  first 
prize  young  herd.  Beau  Brummel,  although  in  poor 
show  condition,  was  fourth  in  the  two-year-old 
class.  Lamplighter  was  a  medium-sized  chunky 
bull  while  Beau  Brummel  was  large  and  somewhat 
rangy  with  good  head,  splendid  loin  and  very  heavy 
quarters.  These  bulls  were  used  with  much  satis- 
faction in  the  herd  and  their  descendants  have  fig- 
ured prominently  in  the  lists  of  prize  winners  for 
the  breed  in  recent  years. 

During  the  several  years  in  which  these  bulls  were 
in  use  in  the  herd  the  imported  bull  Chesterfield 
56697  was  also  in  service.  He  was  a  fine  individual 
and  had  the  best  of  pedigree,  but  for  some  reason 
did  not  nick  with  the  cows  of  the  herd  and  was  sold 
for  use  in  another  registered  herd. 

Dandy  Rex  and  Mischievous. — After  Beau  Brum- 
mel and  Lamplighter  came  several  bulls  of  their 
get  bred  in  the  herd,  the  chief  of  which  were 
Militant  71755  and  Dandy  Eex  71689.  The  reputa- 


OTHER  MAKERS  OF  WESTERN  CATTLE  HISTORY  489 

tion  of  Militant  rests  most  prominently  upon  the 
fact  that  he  was  the  sire  of  the  two  champion  show 
cows  Mischief  Maker  97907  and  Miss  Caprice 
109725.  Mischief  Maker  was  the  most  sensational 
animal  of  this  herd  when  as  a  yearling  she  was 
awarded  the  champion  prize  at  Kansas  City  and  at 
the  International  at  Chicago  in  1900.  Dandy  Rex, 
besides  winning  many  other  first  prizes  in  class  and 
in  groups,  was  awarded  the  championship  prize,  the 
Armour  trophy,  as  the  best  Hereford  bull  in  the 
show  at  Kansas  City  in  1901.  He  did  service  in 
the  herd  after  his  competitors  in  the  showring  upon 
that  occasion  had  passed  from  the  field  of  use- 
fulness. 

Possibly  the  most  remarkable  animal  bred  in  this 
herd  was  the  show  cow  Mischievous  71758,  in  the 
showring  every  year  from  the  time  she  was  a  year- 
ling until  she  was  a  six-year-old  cow.  She  dropped 
her  first  calf,  that  extraordinary  heifer  Mischief 
Maker,  when  two  years  old  and  her  second  calf 
when  three  years  old  and  she  produced  a  calf 
regularly  for  many  years  and  one  pair  of  twins.  In 
her  showing  she  was  either  at  the  top  or  close  to 
it;  at  the  close  of  her  showy ard  career  at  Chicago 
in  1901  she  weighed  2,000  pounds. 

These  two  animals,  Dandy  Rex  and  Mischievous, 
stable  and  showyard  companions,  might  be  taken 
as  living  refutations  of  some  of  the  claimed  evils 
of  close  breeding.  They  both  had  three  close-up 
crosses  of  Anxiety  4th  in  their  pedigrees,  'they  both 
successfully  ran  the  gauntlet  of  the  leading  shows 


490  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

for  several  years,  they  both  were  of  great  scale, 
and  they  both  lived  to  good  old  ages.  It  would 
certainly  appear  that  they  were  possessed  of  great 
constitutional  vigor. 

Another  Outcross  Failed. — Another  attempt  at  an 
outcross  through  the  sire  was  made  in  the  purchase 
of  Mark  Hanna  74230  at  the  close  of  his  show  career 
at  Chicago  in  1901.  This  bull  had  an  infusion  of 
the  blood  of  Anxiety  4th  and  it  was  hoped  that  he 
might  prove  a  satisfactory  sire  in  the  herd.  In 
this  the  buyers  were  sorely  disappointed  and  Mark 
Hanna  soon  went  the  way  of  others  to  the  butcher. 
This  was  the  last  attempt  to  get  an  outcross  in  the 
herd  through  the  sire.  Efforts  were  continually 
made  to  get  in  fresh  blood  through  cows  which  had 
been  purchased  from  other  herds,  but  in  the  main 
the  blood  of  Anxiety  4th  through  his  descendants 
has  been  steadily  concentrated,  with  no  perceptibly 
bad  results.* 

Parallel  Cases  of  Close  Breeding. — It  thus  appears 
that  we  see  repeated  in  this  case  the  experience  of 
the  greatest  of  modern  breeders  of  Shorthorns,  the 
late  Amos  Cruickshank  of  Sittyton,  Aberdeenshire, 
Scotland.  Those  who  are  familiar  with  the  story 
will  find  in  Champion  of  England  and  Anxiety  4th 
parallel  cases.  In  his  later  years  Mr.  Cruickshank 
had  the  same  experience  as  did  Messrs.  Gudgell  & 
Simpson  in  trying  to  find  a  way  to  successfully  in- 

*James  R.  Gudgell  of  this  firm  died  on  June  2,  1896,  and  T.  A. 
Simpson  on  Jan.  4,  1904.  The  herd  is  now  owned  and  operated 
by  Charles  Gudgell,  the  original  Hereford  man  of  the  firm,  as- 
sisted by  his  son  Frank  O.  Gudgell. 


OTHER  MAKERS  OF  WESTERN  CATTLE  HISTORY  491 

troduce  fresh  blood  after  a  long  course  of  close 
breeding,  finally  giving  it  up.  His  herd  continued 
to  produce  great  cattle,  in  spite  of  this  fact,  long 
after  the  supposed  need  of  fresh  blood  had  been  the 
subject  of  general  comment. 

The  fact  is,  that  the  history  of  beef  cattle  breed- 
ing seems  to  show  that  while  most  great  successes 
have  been  made  through  a  concentration  of  the 
blood  of  some  animal  or  animals  distinguished  for 
desirable  characteristics,  yet  after  the  policy  of 
breeding  in-and-in  has  progressed  to  a  certain  point 
it  becomes  difficult,  if  not  wholly  impossible,  to 
throw  in  fresh  blood  without  doing  more  harm  than 
good.  And  also,  if  great  care  and  judgment  are 
used  in  mating,  the  close  breeding  of  good  animals 
can  be  pursued  without  evil  results  for  a  much 
longer  period  than  has  commonly  been  deemed  pos- 
sible. On  the  contrary,  the  case  of  the  gradual  ex- 
tinction and  wretched  deterioration  shown  by  the 
last  of  the  so-called  "pure  Bates"  Shorthorns 
should  be  a  warning  for  all  time  against  the  breed- 
ing of  cattle  of  indifferent  merit  from  close  affinities, 
especially  in  inexperienced  hands. 


CHAPTER  XL 
PEEIOD  OF  BIG  IMPORTS  CONCLUDED. 

Due  to  the  great  demand  for  Herefords  in  the 
northwest,  and  growing  out  of  the  Swan  Land  &  Cat- 
tle Co.'s  operations,  there  came  a  subsidiary  corpo- 
ration, of  which  Alexander  Swan  was  president  and 
George  Morgan  general  manager.  It  was  known  as 
the  Wyoming  Hereford  Association.  This  company 
was  formed  to  import  and  breed  purebred  Here- 
fords,  and  in  March,  1883,  landed  for  quarantine  at 
Baltimore  an  importation  of  146  head  of  young  cat- 
tle ranging  from  six  months  to  three  years  of  age. 
The  cattle  were  selected  from  the  herds  of  J.  H.  Yeo- 
mans  of  Stretton  Court,  Samuel  Goode  of  Ivington- 
bury,  Green  of  Marlow,  Crawshay  of  Cyfartha  Cas- 
tle, Hughes  of  Wintercott,  Haywood  of  Blakemere, 
Smith  of  Gattertop  and  Powell  of  Shenmore. 

Rudolph  Bought  for  $3,500.— This  importation 
is  chiefly  notable  because  it  was  headed  by  The 
Grove  3d's  famous  son  Rudolph  13478,  bred  by 
Philip  Turner,  and  like  most  of  the  other  Grove  3d 
bulls  that  attained  fame  out  of  a  Spartan  dam — the 
cow  Primrose  2d,  afterwards  imported  to  America 
by  George  Leigh.*  Rudolph  was  beyond  doubt  the 

*Mr.  Leigh  bought  Primrose  2d  at  The  Leen  sale  in  September, 
1883.  She  was  then  due  to  calve  to  The  Grove  3d  and  was  knocked 
down  at  170  guineas.  As  she  was  near  to  her  calving  it  was  deemed 


PERIOD   OP   BIG  IMPORTS   CONCLUDED  493 

best  young  bull  of  the  breed  in  England  in  1882,  and 
various  American  buyers  had  their  eyes  on  him.  He 
was  owned  by  Allen  Hughes.  Tom  Clark  was  one  of 
the  American  breeders  who  had  in  vain  tried  to  buy 
the  bull  for  "the  States. "  Mr.  Hughes  was  for 
years  one  of  the  best  fitters  in  Herefordshire,  and 
had  Eudolph  in  training  for  Royal  honors  long  be- 
fore show  time.  Clark  saw  the  bull  prior  to  the  ex- 
hibition and  did  his  best  during  a  somewhat  memor- 
able night  session  at  the  Eoyal  Oak  in  Leominster 
to  get  a  price  upon  him,  delivered  after  the  show. 
He  had  Alfred  Edwards,  the  auctioneer,  and  others 
helping  to  put  the  trade  through,  but  Hughes  was 
not  to  be  managed  that  way,  nor  in  any  other  just 
then.  Mr.  Culbertson  was  at  this  time  trying  to  buy 
The  Grove  3d  from  Mr.  Turner  privately,  but  in 
that  was  not  successful.  George  Morgan,  some 
months  later,  offered  the  then  unheard  of  price  of 
700  guineas  ($3,500)  for  Rudolph  and  at  that  record 
figure  bought  him  for  the  American  company.  This 
was  100  guineas  more  than  Mr.  Earl  had  paid  for 
Sir  Bartle  Frere  and  Garfield. 

Rudolph — surnamed  "the  mighty  "— was  the 
reigning  sensation  of  the  west  at  the  shows  of  1883, 
making  a  greater  impression  than  any  bull  of  the 

inadvisable  to  ship  her  at  the  time.  Mr.  John  Price  then  owned  the 
noted  bull  Monarch,  by  Lord  Wilton,  for  which  he  is  said  to  have  re- 
fused $5,000,  and  as  a  favor  he  allowed  Mr.  Leigh  to  breed  Primrose 
2d  to  him.  She  was  then  brought  to  America  with  her  heifer  calf  at 
foot,  and  placed  in  a  combination  sale  at  Kansas  City  with  a  reserve 
bid  of  $1,500,  at  which  upset  price  she  was  bought  by  George  Morgan 
for  the  Wyoming  association.  She  produced  a  bull  calf  to  the  service 
by  Monarch  that  was  called  ,Rudolph  2d,  and  was  used  by  the  asso- 
ciation for  several  years.  He  was  said  to  have  been  an  extra  good 
one  and  a  great  breeder.  The  heifer  calf  which  Primrose  2d  had  by 
Grove  3d  was  reserved  by  Mr.  Leigh  and  grew  into  a  wonderful  cow, 
but  unfortunately  she  failed  to  breed. 


494  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

breed  since  Anxiety  first  appeared.  Offers  of  $5,000 
were  refused  for  him.  It  is  doubtful  if  a  more  at- 
tractive bull  of  any  beef  breed  had  ever  been  seen  in 
American  showyards.  Morgan  had  placed  him  in 
capable  hands  for  feeding  at  Camargo,  111.,  after 
release  from  quarantine,  and  when  the  bull  put 
in  his  appearance  in  September  at  the  Illinois 
and  Iowa  state  fairs  and  held  his  memorable 
court  at  "the  great  St.  Louis''  round-up  it  was  con- 
ceded that  any  breed  that  could  produce  Anxiety  and 
"repeat"  with  Eudolph  was  no  longer  to  be  held  in 
scorn.  While  the  whole  western  cattle-breeding 
world  was  still  resounding  with  his  praises  the  bull 
was  shipped  to  Cheyenne.  He  was  exhibited  at  Den- 
ver in  1884  at  a  weight  of  2,600  pounds.  The  range 
fell  at  his  feet  as  had  the  cornbelt  the  previous  fall, 
but  alas,  as  in  the  case  of  Anxiety,  the  plaudits  of 
the  people  were  gained  at  a  heavy  cost.  He  died  in 
May,  1885,  after  a  55-pound  tumor  had  been  removed 
from  his  breast.  He  had  not  proved  specially  suc- 
cessful as  a  sire.  His  opportunities  were  limited, 
but  he  lacked  somewhat  in  masculinity  about  the 
head. 

The  Grove  3d  Imported. — The  purchase  of  Eu- 
dolph at  a  record  price  and  his  presence  in  the  west 
during  the  summer  of  1883  stimulated  the  already 
keen  interest  in  Mr.  Turner's  famous  son  of  Horace, 
and  Mr.  Culbertson  decided  to  renew  his  effort  to 
secure  him  for  breeding  purposes  at  Hereford  Park. 
The  bill  was  included  in  the  sale  of  September,  1883, 
at  The  Leen,  as  referred  to  in  a  preceding  chapter. 


496  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Although  then  about  nine  years  old  he  was  in  thrifty 
condition  and  it  was  fair  to  assume  that  he  was  good 
for  some  years '  service,  especially  since  his  sire, 
which  he  so  greatly  resembled,  had  lived  to  be  use- 
ful up  to  his  sixteenth  year.  The  bidding  was 
started  by  George  Leigh  at  200  guineas,  and  went 
briskly  along  well  above  that  figure,  the  opposition 
being  exhausted  only  when  810  guineas  were  offered, 
at  which  new  record  price  the  rare  old  bull  became 
Mr.  Culbertson 's  property.  English  breeders  after- 
wards offered  to  take  him  over  at  the  American  bid, 
but  he  was  not  for  sale  at  any  price. 

Along  with  "Old  Grove, "  as  he  was  familiarly 
known,  came  six  of  his  daughters,  four  heifers  and 
one  bull  calf  by  Horace,  including  the  last  two  calves 
sired  by  that  bull,  and  a  pair  of  Merry  Monarch 
heifers.  The  importation  was  safely  landed  at  Que- 
bec in  care  of  Mr.  Charles  Culbertson,  Jr.,  late  in 
September,  and  after  the  usual  quarantine  the  cattle 
were  forwarded  to  their  new  home  in  Illinois. 

About  this  same  date  a  quartette  of  The  Grove  3d 
heifers  that  had  won  in  England  the  Hereford  Herd 
Book  Association  prize  for  best  four  calved  in  1881 
the  get  of  one  bull — Hawthorne,  Beatrice,  Rosina 
and  Ethel — -were  imported  by  George  Leigh,  sold  to 
Mr.  Culbertson,  and  by  him  resold  shortly  afterward 
to  Mr.  Parmelee. 

A  Rare  Feeder's  Type. — The  Grove.  3d  was  re- 
markable for  his  easy-keeping,  mellow-handling 
qualities,  and  seemed  to  combine  the  substance 
and  vigor  of  the  old-time  Hereford  with  the  quick- 


PERIOD   OP   BIG   IMPORTS   CONCLUDED  497 

feeding,  early-maturing  quality  so  essential  in  meet- 
ing the  demands  of  our  latter-day  beef-makers.  His 
get  were  noted  for  the  rapidity  with  which  they 
ripened  in  response  to  liberal  treatment.  Unfor- 
tunately he  did  not  leave  a  numerous  progeny  in 
America. 

The  Grove  3d  was  used  by  Mr.  Culbertson  for  a 
time  and  then  was  sold  to  Earl  &  Stuart.  Apparent- 
ly the  service  in  these  two  herds  did  not  meet  with 
that  extraordinary  degree  of  success  which  attended 
it  in  the  hands  of  Philip  Turner.  Possibly  this  is 
partially  accounted  for  by  the  fact  that  unlike  the 
conditions  attending  his  use  in  Herefordshire  the 
cows  with  which  he  was  mated  in  the  west  repre- 
sented many  and  various  blood  combinations. 

Advantages  in  Old-Established  Herds. — It  has 
already  been  noted  that  the  Stocktonbury  herd  up- 
on which  Lord  Wilton  (and  Anxiety,  with  a  much 
more  restricted  opportunity)  was  crossed  with  such 
phenomenal  results  was  quite  homogeneous  in  point 
of  constituent  blood  elements.  There  were  Longhorns 
or  Rodney,  DeCote,  and  Heart  of  Oak  for  the  top 
crosses  in  nearly  every  dam  of  a  great  son  or  daugh- 
ter of  Lord  Wilton.  At  The  Leen  there  were  the 
numerous  Spartan  dams  that  seemed  to  respond  al- 
most infallibly  to  the  blood  of  The  Grove  3d,  and  in 
their  back-breeding  the  Turner  cows  had  much  in 
common.  The  more  modern  instance  of  the  Gudgell 
&  Simpson  cattle  in  America  affords  further  cor- 
roboration  of  the  idea  that  most  of  the  great  suc- 
cesses in  beef  cattle  breeding  have  been  attained  af- 


498       ,  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ter  the  breeding  cows  have  been  brought  to  a  more 
or  less  common  standard  or  "  denomination "  by  a 
persistent  retention  of  the  best  females  produced  in 
the  herd  through  a  long  series  of  years,  until  all  ul- 
timately carry  a  large  percentage  of  the  same  blood. 

Benjamin  Hershey. — Prominent  in  the  trade  for 
a  number  of  years  was  Benjamin  Hershey,  a  wealthy 
lumberman  owning  a  large  farm  near  Muscatine,  la., 
and  a  ranch  in  Nebraska.  One  of  his  first  invest- 
ments was  the  purchase  of  30  young  bulls  from 
T.  L.  Miller  for  $10,000.  He  was  a  liberal  buyer 
from  Miller,  Culbertson  and  other  early  breeders 
and  importers,  and  subsequently  brought  out  cattle 
on  his  own  account  from  England  direct.  He  bought 
75  head  of  English-bred  cattle  on  one  order,  prob- 
ably the  best  of  these  being  the  cow  Lady,  of  John 
Price 's  breeding  and  by  Truro.  Mr.  Hershey  wa  s  an 
enthusiastic  supporter  of  the  claims  of  the  il  white 
faces,"  and  contributed  a  quartette  of  Herefords  to 
the  famous  showyard  ' '  syndicate ' '  of  1882  which 
were  bought  by  Mr.  C.  K.  Parmelee  during  the  La- 
fayette fair  for  over  $3,000.  He  died  in  Chicago  on 
Aug.  23,  1893,  and  his  herd  was  closed  out  the  fol- 
lowing October. 

Hon.  M.  H.  Cochrane. — The  late  Senator  Coch- 
rane,  of  Hillhurst,  Province  of  Quebec,  Canada,  at 
one  time  figured  largely  in  the  Shorthorn  importing 
and  exporting  trade,  his  operations  in  both  Bates 
and  Booth-bred  cattle  being  conducted  on  a  liberal 
scale  and  at  prices  attracting  the  attention  of  both 
continents. 


BENJAMIN  HERSHEY. 


500  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

About  1880  when  the  west  began  to  show  such 
keen  interest  in  the  Herefords,  and  a  little  later 
when  the  Aberdeen-Angus  began  their  campaign  for 
popular  favor  in  America,  Mr.  Cochrane  imported 
large  numbers  of  both  breeds.  While  the  date  above 
mentioned  marked  the  beginning  of  his  active  inter- 
est in  Herefords,  he  had  bought  a  few  "white  faces" 
from  Frederick  William  Stone  in  the  '60  's,  and  he 
was  the  breeder  of  the  cow  Necklace  4th  1519,  which 
was  sold  to  G.  E.  Shores  of  Waterville,  Me.,  and 
produced  in  the  latter 's  hands  the  cow  Empress 
2078.  Empress  was  sold  to  J.  S.  Hawes  and  became 
the  mother  of  the  great  show  bull  Fortune  2080, 
by  Sir  Eichard  2d.  The  Hillhurst  shipment  from 
England  in  1880  included  49  head  selected  from  the 
fine  old  Chadnor  Court  stock  and  from  the  herds  of 
Morris  of  Lulham,  Hill  of  Felhampton  Court, 
Arkwright  of  Hampton  Court,  and  Yeomans  of 
Stretton  Court.  Among  them  was  also  the  two- 
year-old  prize  bull  President  8140,  bred  by  Mrs. 
Edwards  at  Wintercott  and  sired  by  Eoyalist  2336 
out  of  Plum  3d  by  Commander  3209. 

In  1881  Mr.  Cochrane  personally  selected  a  second 
lot,  including  some  good  cows  and  heifers  of  the 
fine  old  Earity,  Delight  and  Lovely  strains  from  the 
Longner  Hall  sale  by  the  executors  of  the  estate  of 
E.  L.  Burton.  Mr.  John  Hill  of  Felhampton  Court 
writing  of  the  presence  of  Mr.  Cochrane  as  a  buyer 
in  Herefordshire  at  that  time  said : 

"Very  considerable  interest  has  centered  in  the 
sale  of  the  Longner  Herefords,  and  extensive  pur- 


Hon.  7f).  H.  Coch  rane- 


502  A   HISTORY   OF    HEREFORD    CATTLE 

chases  were  made  by  the  Earl  of  Coventry,  Mr. 
Cochrane,  and  for  the  Felhampton  Court  herd.  It 
is  not  too  much  to  say  that  on  the  morning  following 
the  sale  the  value  of  the  animals  had  doubled,  and 
breeders  became  alive  to  what  was  to  come.  Not 
only  does  this  statement  refer  to  the  Cronkhill  Here- 
fords,  but  through  them  to  the  breed  in  general.  It 
was  this  sale  which  fairly  set  the  ball  rolling  and  it 
was  recognized  that  Mr.  Cochrane,  the  famous 
breeder  of  Shorthorns,  would  not  have  come  to  Eng- 
land to  make  personal  selections  of  Herefords  unless 
there  was  something  in  the  minds  of  men  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Atlantic  which  had  convinced  them 
of  the  truth  of  what  Mr.  Miller  and  others  had  been 
for  several  years  previously  endeavoring  to  prove, 
viz.,  that  the  'white  faces'  of  Herefordshire  would 
increase  the  prosperity  of  the  cattlemen  of  Amer- 
ica. " 

It  was  about  this  date  (1881)  that  Mr.  Cochrane 
established  his  Bow  Kiver  ranch  in  the  Canadian 
northwest.  The  cattle  were  removed  in  1884  to  an- 
other and  more  southerly  range  in  the  Kootenay 
River  country,  where  a  herd  largely  of  Hereford 
breeding  was  maintained  for  some  twenty  years, 
the  impress  of  the  early  Hereford  importations  be- 
ing evident  throughout  the  entire  period. 

In  18§3  the  Senator's  son,  Mr.  James  A.  Coch- 
rane, who  was  closely  identified  with  his  father  in 
the  Hillhurst  management,  bought  40  head,  which 
were  shipped  from  Liverpool  on  Feb.  8,  arriving  at 
Halifax  the  first  week  in  March.  This  lot  included 
the  bull  Cassio  11353,  then  two  years  old,  bred  by 
Philip  Turner  and  got  by  The  Grove  3d  out  of 


504  A   HISTORY   OF    HEREFORD    CATTLE 

Duchess  2d  by  Spartan.  Ten  Lord  Wilton  heifers 
were  also  secured  from  Mr.  Carwardine.  Others 
were  by  The  Grove  3d,  Eegulus,  Mr.  Hill's  Merry 
Monarch,  Pirate,  Osman  Pasha,  Old  Court  and  Bred- 
wardine. 

Will  Hutcheon  and  Cassio. — William  Hutch- 
eon,  afterwards  with  William  S.  VanNatta  and  later 
in  partnership  with  John  Steward  in  breeding 
Heref  ords  in  Missouri,  was  at  Hillhurst  at  this  time 
and  fitted  Cassio  and  a  number  of  his  daughters  for 
exhibition  at  leading  Canadian  shows.  For  several 
seasons  they  were  features  of  the  great  Dominion 
cattle  competitions.  In  fact,  Cassio  was  for  some 
years  one  of  the  real  stars  of  the  breed  in  North 
America,  emphasizing  in  his  showyard  career  and  as 
a  stock-getter  the  early-ripening  quality  of  The 
Grove  3d  blood.  He  has  been  referred  to  as  "the 
best  bull  of  any  beef  breed  ever  shown  at  Toronto." 
That  of  course  is  drawing  rather  a  long  bow,  for 
the  Industrial  Exposition  has  staged  many  grand  ex- 
hibitions where  great  show  bulls  have  been  much  in 
evidence.  However,  viewed  in  the  light  of  Cassio 's 
get  in  Senator  Cochrane's  herd,  it  must  be  recorded 
that  he  was  one  of  the  most  valuable  bulls  of  his 
period  on  this  side  of  the  water. 

In  1891  Mr.  Francis  Green,  writing  of  Cassio  in 
the  "Canadian  Live  Stock  Journal"  after  a  visit  to 
Hillhurst,  said : 

"In  the  next  box  was  the  celebrated  Cassio 
(5849),  too  well  known  to  need  any  description.  It 
will  suffice  to  say  that  he  has  lost  none  of  his  won- 


PERIOD   OF   BIG   IMPORTS   CONCLUDED  505 

derful  smoothness,  and  time  apparently  passes  him 
by  with  a  light  hand.  The  wonderful  manner  in 
which  he  has  stood  the  strain  of  repeated  show  prep- 
aration speaks  volumes  for  his  constitution,  and  he 
appears  none  the  worse  for  it,  but  is  still  active  on 
his  legs.  He  commenced  his  showyard  career  when  a 
yearling  at  Leominster,  England,  where  he  was  suc- 
cessful in  gaining  first  in  1882.  After  coming  to 
this  country  he  won  first  and  sweepstakes  at  the 
Eastern  Townships'  Exhibition,  and  the  gold  medal 
for  the  best  bull  of  any  age  and  breed.  In  1886  he 
was  awarded  the  same  honors,  and  in  1887  he  was 
brought  to  the  Industrial  and  Ottawa,  at  both  of 
which  places  he  was  again  first  and  sweepstakes  bull 
of  any  age,  and  from  that  time  forth  he  has  occu- 
pied the  same  position  wherever  exhibited.  But  this 
is  not  all,  for  in  1885  he  headed  the  herd  that  won 
the  Lieutenant-Governor's  medal  for  the  best  herd 
of  any  breed  at  the  Eastern  Townships'  Show,  and 
from  that  time  Cassio  and  the  ladies  of  his  seraglio 
have  had  an  unbroken  chain  of  victories  when  com- 
peting for  the  herd  prize  at  all  our  principal  shows. 
We  often  find  that  a  show  bull  is  not  always  a  suc- 
cess as  a  sire,  but  such  is  not  the  case  with  Cassio, 
facile  princeps  in  either  capacity";  his  scions  con- 
stantly keep  coming  to  the  front,  and  are  remarkable 
for  their  quality  and  the  neat  heads  and  horns  which 
are  now  so  fancied  in  the  showring.  His  merit  as  a 
sire  was  sufficiently  conspicuous  during  the  last  show 
season,  when  he  and  his  daughters  walked  away  with 
the  herd  prizes  at  the  Industrial  and  all  other 
shows." 

Mr.  Cochrane's  Dominion  market  was  limited,  so 
he  adopted  the  plan  of  selling  at  auction  in  the  United 
States.  In  November,  1882,  at  Chicago  he  disposed 
of  31  head  at  an  average  of  $357,  not  considered  a 


506  A   HISTORY   OP    HEREFORD    CATTLE 

particularly  successful  sale  for  imported  animals. 
Seabury  &  Sample  bought  the  Wilton  bull  Sir  Harry 
at  $540.  In  1883  nineteen  head  were  sold  at  the 
Exposition  Building,  Chicago,  during  the  Fat  Stock 
Show,  for  an  average  of  $580,  Benjamin  Hershey 
paying  $1,000  for  Tulip  3d  and  $1,200  for  Lily  2d. 
At  the  Chadnor  Court  sale  in  England  in  September, 
1883,  Mr.  Cochrane  paid  260  guineas  for  Eosebloom 
by  Sir  Isaac.  In  January,  1884,  another  lot,  bought 
by  Mr.  Urwick,  came  out  from  England.  Included 
among  these  was  Sir  Evelyn,  an  own  brother  to  Sir 
Bartle  Frere;  at  the  Hillhurst  sale  in  April  he  sold 
for  $825,  going  into  the  herd  of  J.  S.  Hawes.  An- 
other lot,  consisting  of  17  heifers,  was  brought  out 
in  1885. 

Mr.  Cochrane  had  three  breeds  of  cattle  at  Hill- 
hurst  at  one  time.  A  note  written  by  the  author 
after  a  visit  to  the  farm  during  this  period  reads  as 
follows : 

"A  day  in  the  saddle  at  Hillhurst,  Hon.  M.  H. 
Cochrane 's  famous  estate  near  Compton,  Canada,  is 
a  treat  which  will  rouse  the  enthusiasm  of  the  dull- 
est admirer  of  fine  cattle.  From  a  point  in  one  of 
the  pastures,  1,100  feet  above  sea  level,  a  landscape 
of  rare  beauty  unfolds  itself  to  the  eye  of  the  ob- 
server. The  Green  Mountains  on  the  southern  hori- 
zon, the  hills  about  Lake  Memphremagog  on  the 
west,  the  beautiful  valley  of  the  Coaticooke  at  one's 
feet,  and  the  undulating  fields  of  Hillhurst  with  their 
herds  of  white  faces,  blacks,  and  Shorthorns  round 
about,  will  impress  the  visitor  as  a  scene  most  fitting 
to  be  graced  by  the  presence  of  all  that  is  perfect  in 
the  way  of  bovine  beauty. ' ' 


PERIOD   OF   BIG  IMPORTS   CONCLUDED  507 

The  Hillhurst  importing  operations,  involving 
sales  in  the  States  in  competition  with  home  breed- 
ers and  importers,  naturally  did  not  arouse  much 
support  from  ' '  the  trade. ' '  In  fact,  many  of  the  best 
of  Mr.  Cochrane  's  cattle  were  permitted  to  sell  below 
their  real  value  because  it  was  obviously  not  the  pur- 
pose of  western  breeders  to  encourage  speculation 
in  Heref  ords  via  the  Canadian  route. 

The  Leigh  and  Curry  Importations. — Mr. 
George  Leigh,  of  Aurora,  111.,  partly  in  association 
with  Mr.  J.  0.  Curry  of  that  place,  imported  be- 
tween the  years  of  1881  and  1885,  250  head  of  Here- 
fords.  There  were  twelve  importations  in  all,  includ- 
ing many  animals  that  had  illustrious  careers  in  the 
west  and  from  which  many  valuable  cattle  descended. 

The  Grove  3d  Quartette. — In  Mr.  Leigh's  shipment 
ment  of  1882  were  the  four  The  Grove  3d  heifers, 
Beatrice,  Hawthorn,  Ethel,  and  Eosina,  winners  at 
Leominster  in  1881.  These  were  sold  in  quarantine 
at  Quebec  in  1882  to  Mr.  Culbertson  at  $600  each. 
They  were  placed  on  exhibition  at  the  old  Fat  Stock 
Show  that  fall  where  they  were  the  objects  of  uni- 
versal admiration.  Mr.  Parmelee,  who  was  at  that 
time  a  collector  of  rare  specimens  of  the  breed,  took 
them  from  Mr.  Culbertson  at  $1,000  each.  In  later 
years  Beatrice,  Hawthorn,  and  Ethel  drifted  back 
to  Aurora,  finally  becoming  the  property  of  T.  F.  B. 
Sotham.  Beatrice  and  Hawthorn  became  famous 
producers,  and  the  former  was  still  breeding  in 
1900  at  the  age  of  twenty  years,  among  her  progeny 
being  the  champion  bull  Sir  Bredwell,  by  Corrector, 


508  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

to  be  mentioned  again.  In  Sotham's  possession  an 
interesting  result  of  blood  concentration  was  devel- 
oped through  the  medium  of  Hawthorn.  Mated  to 
Dr.  Grove,  by  Eoyal  Grove,  she  became  the  dam  of 
2d  Beaubois  Purity  that  produced  to  the  cover  of 
Corrector  such  cattle  as  Protection,  Protector  and 
Lady  Plushcoat. 

About  the  same  time  that  these  four  The  Grove 
3d  heifers  were  sold  to  Mr.  Culbertson  Mr.  Leigh 
made  a  sale  to  Mr.  VanNatta  of  the  four  fine  im- 
ported heifers  Daisy,  Border  Queen,  Sunbeam,  and 
Country  Cousin,  all  bred  by  William  Tudge.  Speak- 
ing of  these  Mr.  Leigh  says:  "In  my  judgment  no- 
body ever  had,  from  a  breeding  point  of  view,  four 
better  ones.  They  had  immense  size,  were  full  of 
quality  and  had  beautiful  character. "  They  cost 
Mr.  VanNatta  $600  per  head,  and  contributed  a  val- 
uable element  to  his  herd. 

Carwardine  Cows. — In  1883  Mr.  Leigh  was  a 
liberal  buyer  at  Carwardine 's  dispersion,  securing 
20  head  at  a  cost  of  over  $10,000.  Most  of  these 
were  sold  shortly  after  importation.  Mr.  H.  H. 
Clough  of  Elyria,  0.,  who  was  engaged  in  founding 
a  herd  at  that  old-time  American  center  of  Here- 
ford activity  and  who  afterwards  became  promi- 
nent in  the  trade,  took  Henrietta  3d  and  Lady  Love 
that  had  cost  430  guineas  in  England.  Mr.  J.  C. 
Bertram  of  Aurora,  111.,  another  of  those  who  were 
now  becoming  interested  in  Hereford  breeding, 
bought  the  promising  young  Wilton  bull  Sir  Wil- 
fred, which  he  exhibited  successfully. 


GEORGE  LEIGH. 


510  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD  CATTLE 

Some  of  Mr.  Carwardine's  most  valuable  breed- 
ing cows  were  brought  over  by  Mr.  Leigh.  A  num- 
ber of  these  rare  old  matrons  went  into  J.  0.  Cur- 
ry 's  hands,  and  some  of  the  best  of  them  were  after- 
wards bought  by  Thomas  F.  B.  Sotham,  son  of  Wil- 
liam H.  Sotham,  who  was  then  laying  the  founda- 
tions of  the  Weavergrace  herd  at  Chillicothe,  Mo. 
Among  these  great  English  producing  dams 
brought  over  by  Mr.  Leigh  were  such  famous  cows 
as  the  following:  Delight,  the  dam  of  Peerless,  Au- 
rora Wilton  and  Delight  2d ;  Bertha,  the  dam  of  the 
valuable  Beau  Eeal  bull  Kansas  Lad;  Gwenny, 
champion  over  all  breeds  at  Minneapolis  in  1886; 
Gay  Lass  9905,  the  dam  of  Anxiety  4th ;  and  Stock- 
tonbury's  favorite  breeding  matron  Coral,  the  dam 
of  the  $5,000  bull  Franklin,  which  was  exported  to 
Argentina,  and  also  the  dam  of  Conqueror,  bought 
for  the  Ontario  Agricultural  Experiment  Station 
for  $2,500,  and  of  Corrector,  a  bull  that  Mr.  Sotham 
made  famous  in  the  west.  Judy  Wilton  by  Lord 
Wilton  and  Euffie  3d  by  Chancellor,  he  a  Eoyal  win- 
ner by  Horace,  also  came  out  in  1883. 

In  1883  Mr.  Leigh  brought  out  the  dam  of  Eu- 
dolph  and  an  own  sister  to  that  famous  show  bull; 
also  the  good  bull  Pirate  7161,  by  Corsair  of  Tur- 
ner's breeding,  that  had  won  numerous  prizes  in 
England  in  1880  and  1881.  He  was  sold  to  Mr. 
Curry. 

Archibald. — Mr.  Leigh  was  a  keen  buyer  of 
tops  at  this  time,  and  in  1884  brought  out  at  a  re- 
ported purchase  price  of  1,000  guineas  the  show  bull 


PERIOD   OF   BIG   IMPORTS   CONCLUDED  511 

Archibald  11129,  bred  by  Aaron  Eogers.  This  bull 
had  a  'long  list  of  prizes  won  at  leading  English 
shows  to  his  credit,  and  was  widely  heralded  as  a 
sensational  animal,  which  indeed  he  was.  It  was 
claimed,  in  fact,  that  he  was  the  winner  of  more 
first  and  championship  honors  than  any  other  bull 
of  his  age  living  at  that  time.  In  some  respects  he 
was  extraordinary.  He  had  been  highly  fed  for 
the  shows  as  a  two-year-old  and  he  developed  ab- 
normal depth  forward.  Indeed,  as  he  grew  to  ma- 
turity his  brisket  touched  the  ground.  He  was  not 
shown  in  this  country  and  was  sold  to  Mr.  Parmelee, 
in  whose  hands  he  died  of  a  cancerous  growth  in 
the  breast.  As  a  sire  Archibald  was  more  or  less 
disappointing.  He  did  not  leave  a  numerous  prog- 
eny and  while  some  of  these  fed  into  thick  car- 
casses and  were  successfully  shown,  as  a  rule  his 
get  were  wanting  in  quality  and  inclined  to  harsh- 
ness in  touch.  However,  in  the  second  generation 
they  made  some  remarkable  records.  There  was 
his  daughter  Brenda  15th,  for  example.  Mated  by 
Mr.  Sotham  with  Corrector  she  produced  Benita, 
mother  of  the  beautiful  show  heifer  Benison. 

Horace  5th. — An  exceptionally  valuable  pros- 
pect brought  to  America  by  Mr.  Leigh  was  Horace 
5th  12524,  bred  by  Frederick  Platt  and  sired  by  old 
Horace.  He  was  much  admired  by  that  experienced 
judge,  Mr.  William  S.  VanNatta,  who  leased  the 
bull  for  a  short  term  and  bred  about  twenty  cows 
to  him.  The  resulting  calves  were  a  useful  lot  and 
the  blood  thus  introduced  was  doubtless  something 


512  A  HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

of  a  factor  in  the  success  of  the  extensive  Fowler 
&  VanNatta  breeding  operations.  The  bull  was  then 
sold  for  $3,000  to  go  to  western  Kansas.  He  was 
loaded  for  shipment  on  a  bad  blustery  night  late  in 
the  fall  against  Mr.  Leigh 's  wishes,  and  caught  cold 
and  died  soon  after  reaching  his  destination. 

Royal  Grove. — Mr.  Curry  acquired  many  valu- 
able cattle  during  the  years  in  which  he  was  en- 
gaged in  breeding  and  exhibiting  Herefords.  Hav- 
ing sold  Archibald  and  having  lost  Pirate,  he  im- 
ported in  1886  the  grand  young  bull  Eoyal  Grove 
21500,  by  The  Grove  3d  and  out  of  a  Spartan  dam, 
one  of  the  most  promising  sons  of  his  great  sire,  an 
own  brother  to  Mr.  Cochrane's  Cassio  and  without 
doubt  one  of  the  best  young  bulls  ever  imported. 
He  was  considered  a  great  bargain  at  the  200 
guineas  paid  for  him  in  England  and  $3,000  were 
refused  for  him  after  his  landing  in  America.  He 
was  shown  at  the  fairs  of  1886  and  was  an  easy  win- 
ner, heading  the  championship  herd  over  all  beef 
breeds  at  Minneapolis.  His  death  shortly  after  im- 
portation was  a  serious  loss  to  Mr.  Curry  as  well 
as  to  the  breed  in  this  country,  and  added  still  an- 
other to  the  long  list  of  English-bred  show  bulls 
not  long  surviving  importation.  Bred  to  that  mar- 
velous old  mother  of  monarchs,  Gay  Lass,  Royal 
Grove  begot  Gaiety  Grove,  a  cow  that  produced  in 
Mr.  Sotham's  herds  successful  show  cattle  such  as 
Grace  and  Sir  Comewell,  both  by  Corrector. 

J.  R.  Price  &  Son. — Mr.  Price,  although  born 
in  the  state  of  Ohio  in  1835,  was  distantly  related 


\  e/.  K.  Price 


514  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

to  John  Price  of  Court  House,  Herefordshire.  In 
conjunction  with  his  son  "Ned"  he  engaged  in  the 
breeding,  importation  and  exhibition  of  Herefords 
and  in  the  early  '80 's  brought  out  from  England 
132  head  of  cattle  in  connection  with  the  firm  of 
Finch,  Lord  &  Nelson  of  Burlingame,  Kans.  Many 
of  these  bulls  were  taken  by  Charles  Goodnight  to 
the  Texas  Panhandle,  where  they  were  so  success- 
fully crossed  upon  the  JA  cows  as  to  attract  the  im- 
mediate attention  of  all  the  great  range  outfits  in 
that  region. 

During  the  years  1884  and  1885  the  Messrs.  Price 
won  upwards  of  100  prizes  at  leading  cornbelt  fairs 
and  fat  stock  shows.  One  of  their  best  breeding 
bulls  was  Eegulus  2d  (6089),  bred  by  John  Price 
and  imported  by  Mr.  Culbertson.  He  was  sired  by 
Eegulus  3849,  son  of  Sir  Eoger  by  Sir  Thomas. 
This  bull  sired  among  other  fine  cattle  the  steer 
Eegulus,  champion  of  the  Chicago  Fat  Stock  Show 
of  1885,  fed  and  shown  by  Mr.  VanNatta.  Eegulus 
2d  was  sold  to  Nathan  Hussey  for  $1,500.  Prob- 
ably the  most  noted  female  of  the  Price  herd  was 
Miss  Frere,  a  daughter  of  Sir  Bartle  Frere,  that 
was  bought  at  Carwardine's  dispersion  sale. 

The.  Iowa  Hereford  Cattle  Company. — This 
was  an  English  exporting  venture  capitalized  at 
£30,000.  An  Anglo-American  enterprise  of  which 
the  late  Henry  E.  Yeomans  was  manager  at  Indian- 
ola,  la.,  it  represented  an  effort  on  the  part  of  sev 
eral  Englishmen  to  engage  in  the  direct  shpiment 
and  sale  of  Herefordshire  cattle  to  the  western 


PERIOD   OF   BIG   IMPORTS   CONCLUDED  515 

United  States.  Mr.  John  H.  Yeomans  of  Stretton 
Court  was  the  home  representative  of  the  company, 
and  his  brother  "  Harry, "  as  above  stated,  handled 
the  American  end  of  the  business.  Mr.  A.  H.  Swan 
was  also  interested  in  the  venture. 

The  company  entered  the  trade  near  its  flood  tide 
and  sent  out  some  high-class  cattle,  including  the 
show  bulls  Washington  22615  and  Sergeant  Major 
22611,  both  bred  by  Allen  Hughes  of  Wintercott 
and  both  sired  by  Rudolph  13478.  These  bulls  were 
popular  winners  at  the  big  mid-west  shows  of  1885, 
the  great  contest  of  the  year  being  the  hard  battle 
between  the  two-year-olds  at  the  Illinois  State  Fair 
at  Chicago,  when  Sergeant  Major,  a  bull  of  fine 
promise,  met  and  defeated  Fowler,  Broadbreast  and 
Bowdoin.  Long  prices  were  refused  for  Sergeant 
Major,  but  he  died  in  1886.  Washington,  although 
a  great  winner  for  several  seasons  at  the  head  of 
the  company's  show  herds,  was  not  specially  suc- 
cessful as  a  sire.  He  was  out  of  Plum  3d,  the  cow 
that  produced  Mr.  Arkwright's  Iroquois  (6111)  and 
Mr.  Cochrane's  bull  President.  The  company  did 
not  meet  with  financial  success,  being  caught  in  the 
downward  swing  of  values  that  set  in  as  it  was  get- 
ting fairly  under  way. 

Cook  of  Odebolt.— Mr.  C.  W.  Cook,  a  large 
operator  in  real  estate  in  Chicago  and  owner  of  the 
great  7,000-acre  farm  of  Brookmont  near  Odebolt, 
la.,  imported  more  Herefords  into  the  United 
States  during  the  boom  period  of  the  '80 's  than  any 
of  his  contemporaries.  He  is  credited  with  bringing 


516  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

over  330  head.  He  did  not  undertake  as  a  rule, 
however,  the  purchase  of  show  cattle  or  those  in 
special  demand  by  reason  of  fashionable  breeding. 
In  fact,  in  some  cases  his  importations  included 
cattle  which,  while  doubtless  of  well  established 
Hereford  breeding,  did  not  measure  up  to  the  strict 
American  rules  governing  pedigree  registration  of 
English-bred  Herefords.  These  were  comparative- 
ly few  in  number,  however. 

In  1885  the  herd  numbered  500  head  and  was 
claimed  to  be  the  largest  collection  of  purebred 
Herefords  in  the  world  at  that  date.  While  these 
importations  did  not  figure  conspicuously  in  the 
American  sale  and  showyard  records  of  the  period 
under  review,  they  enjoyed  a  wide  distribution 
among  farmers  and  ranchmen.  Mr.  Cook,  Sr.,  was 
succeeded  in  the  ownership  of  this  great  Iowa  prop- 
erty by  his  son,  Mr.  A.  E.  Cook,  and  the  herd  was 
not  finally  closed  out  until  1914. 

The  Full  List  of  Importers  of  this  Period.— 
Space  admonishes  that  we  must  now  bring  this  por- 
tion of  our  story  to  a  close.  We  should  like  to  enter 
into  details  regarding  the  operations  of  a  number 
of  other  firms,  corporations  and  individuals  that 
figured  conspicuously  in  the  annals  of  the  period, 
but  there  is  so  much  "yet  ahead  that  we  shall,  for  the 
present,  conclude  these  notes  on  importations  by 
appending  some  interesting  statistics  now  present- 
ed for  the  first  time.  In  the  tabulation  the  full  list 
of  those  who  participated  in  these  shipments  is  set 
forth. 


PERIOD   OF   BIG   IMPORTS   CONCLUDED  517 

At  our  request  Mr.  E.  J.  Kinzer,  Secretary  of  the 
American  Hereford  Breeders'  Association,  Kansas 
City,  Mo.,  lias  compiled  a  list  of  all  the  Herefords 
imported  from  Great  Britain  into  the  United  States 
between  the  years  1848  and  1886  inclusive,  in  so  far 
as  is  shown  by  the  records  of  the  association.  It 
will  be  understood  that  these  figures  merely  repre- 
sent cattle  the  pedigrees  of  which  were  sent  for  reg- 
istry in  the  herd  book,  and  do  not  include  many  of 
those  imported  in  the  ante-herd  book  days.  Fur- 
thermore, it  is  probable  that  at  different  periods  ad- 
ditional cattle  were  brought  in  that  were  either 
ineligible  to  record  or  whose  pedigrees  were  lost  be- 
fore registration  in  this  country  was  commenced. 

Many  different  estimates  have  been  made  as  to 
the  number  of  cattle  transferred  from  Hereford- 
shire to  the  States  during  the  boom  days  of  the 
early  '80 's.  "Bell's  Messenger,"  one  of  the  lead- 
ing agricultural  papers  of  Great  Britain  at  that 
time,  estimated  in  1884  that  during  the  five  years 
preceding  that  date  there  had  been  exported  to  the 
United  States  between  3,900  and  4,000  head.  It  will 
be  observed  that  this  estimate  approximates  the 
total  number  recorded  on  this  side  the  water  as 
shown  by  the  subjoined  tabulation,  which  we  have 
arranged  in  the  order  of  the  number  of  animals  im- 
ported by  the  respective  firms,  corporations  and 
individuals  included.  It  will  be  observed  that  the 
heaviest  importations  centered  in  the  territory  west 
of  the  Mississippi  River,  the  headquarters  for  the 
two  largest  operators  being  in  the  state  of  Iowa. 


518  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Mr.  Cook,  the  Messrs.  Yeomans  and  their  colleagues 
and  Geo.  Morgan  led  the  trade  in  point  of  activity 
during  the  period  under  consideration. 

IMPORTATIONS     OP     HEREFORD     CATTLE     TO     THE     UNITED 
STATES    FROM    ENGLAND  BETWEEN  1848  AND  1886. 

Number 
Importer  Address  of  Cattle 

C.   W.    Cook  &   Son Odebolt,     la 330 

Iowa    Hereford    Cattle    Co Indianola,    la 253 

George    Leigh    £    Co Aurora,    111 250 

Wyoming    Hereford    Association Cheyenne,    Wyo 225 

Indiana    Blooded    Stock    Co Indianapolis,     Ind 208 

Earl    &    Stuart Lafayette,     Ind 190 

T.     L.     Miller    Co Beecher,    111 170 

.J.    R.    Price Williamsville,     111 132 

Gudgell    &     Simpson Independence,    Mo 130 

Fowler    &   VanNatta Fowler,    Ind 125 

C.    M.    Culbertson Newman,    111 100 

J.    O.    Curry Aurora,    111 100 

T.    J.     Lewis Beecher,    111 97 

Burleigh    &    Bodwell Vassalboro,    Me 95 

J.    C.    Bertram Bristol,    111 87 

Shockey    &    Gibb Lawrence,    Kans 80 

B.    Hershey    Muscatine,    la 73 

G.   A.   Fowler   &   Co St.    Marys,    Kans 60 

G.    W.    Henry Chicago,     111 50 

Thomas    Ponting    Moweaqua,    111 50 

F.  W.    Smith Columbia,     Mo 42 

Clough    Bros Elyria,     0 40 

Ford   &   Drimmie Earlham,    la 35 

G.  E.     Hunton Abilene,    Kans 31 

Merrill    &    Fifield Bay    City,    Mich 30 

Foster  &   Pearsall Flint,     Mich 28 

John   Borland    Stanton,    Nebr 27 

G.    N.    Blossom Kansas  City,   Mo 25 

F.  H.   Johnson  &  Co South    Bend,    Ind 25 

Fletcher,    Holt    &   Co Indianapolis,   Ind 23 

J.    G.    Lindon Clear    Lake,    la 23 

Henry   Horn    Du    Quoin,    111 22 

Berrow    Bros Sheldahl,    la 21 

A.    C.    Reed Chicago,    111 21 

Scott    &    Co Halleck,    Nev 21 

H.    E.    Yeomans Indianola,    la 20 

Seabury  &  Sample Lafayette,     Ind 20 

Estill    &    Elliott Estill,    Mo 20 

L.   B.   Harris Lyndon    Center,    Vt 17 

Downing   &    Greatrex Woodlandville,    Mo 17 

John    V.    Farwell Chicago,    111 16 

Swan     Bros Cheyenne,    Wyo 16 

Swan,   Bosley  Land   &  Cattle   Co Indianola,    la 16 

G.  W.    Probert Pittsfleld,     111 15 

William    Powell     Beecher,    111 15 

G.    N.    Bissell Milford,    N.    Y 15 

G.    N.    Sprague Berlin   Heights,    0 14 

P.   J.    Pauly  &    Son Estes  Park,   Colo 14 

Charles   Frith    Milan,    O 

Missouri  Land  &  Live  Stock  Co Neosho,    Mo 13 

L.   R.   Hastings Essex,   la 12 

J.    A.    Perry Wilmington,    111 12 

J.    M.    Studebaker South    Bend,    Ind 

J.    S.    Hawes Colony,    Kans 

Dr.    O.    Bush Sheldon,     111 10 

C.    H.    Clark. Eldora,    la 10 


PERIOD   OF   BIG   IMPORTS   CONCLUDED  519 

Number 

Importer  Address  of   Cattle 

Esson  Bros Peotone,    111 10 

A.  D.    Hudnall Las    Animas,    Colo 10 

Millikin   Bros Youngstown,    0 10 

C.  K.  Parmelee Des   Plaines,   111 10 

B.  Fowler    Chicago,    111 8 

Allen    Gregory    Chicago,    111 8 

E.  M.   Price Rocheport,    Mo 8 

W.   Richardson    Wauseon,    0 8 

George   F.    Baker Stonington,    111 7 

W.    E.    Campbell Caldwell,  Kans 7 

William  Constable    Beecher,   111 7 

William    Hamilton     Flint,    Mich 7 

J.   L.   Northrup Westfleld,    N.    Y 7 

C.  H.    Rollins Chicago,    111 7 

Chris    Wollenberg    Beecher,    111 6 

F.  D.    Pierce Wakeman,   0 6 

A.    D.    Gifford Loveland,   Colo 6 

William    &   Henry    Creed Youngstown,   O.    6 

W.    A.    Bright Columbia,    Mo 5 

A.    A.    Crane Osco,   111 ,  .  5 

Alexander  Moffit Mechanicsville,    la 5 

Joab    Mulvane     Topeka,   Kans 5 

Henry  Yeld    Stanton,  Nebr 5 

Thomas    Clark     Beecher,   111 5 

A.    N.    Cochrane   &   Bros Westfield,    N.    Y 3 

G.  A.  Lord Denver,   Colo 3 

W.    M.    Morgan   &   Son Irving,    Kans 3 


Total 

Commenting  upon  the  above  Secretary  Kinzer 
says:  "As  nearly  as  we  can  estimate,  there  were 
probably  not  to  exceed  200  head  of  cattle  imported 
into  the  States  before  1880.  Figuring  on  this  basis 
this  would  leave  something  like  3,550  head  imported 
between  1880  and  1889. " 

In  connection  with  a  subsequent  chapter  tire  fig- 
ures covering  the  importation  of  Herefords  into  the 
United  States  from  the  year  1893  up  to  date  will  be 
presented. 

Cattle  Imported  to  Canada. — Supplementary 
to  the  above  list  of  importations  into  the  United 
States  Mr.  Kinzer  has  also  kindly  compiled  for  us 
the  following  table  showing  the  number  of  Here- 
fords  imported  by  Canadian  breeders  from  the  ear- 
liest period  down  to  the  year  1904,  in  so  far  as  such 


520  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

importations  have  been  recorded  in  the  American 
Hereford  Eecord : 

Number 

Importer  Address  of  Cattle 

W.    T.    Benson Cardinal,    Ont.   Can 10 

C.  C.    Bridges Shanty  Bay,   Ont,   Can 12 

M.     H.     Cochrane Hillhurst,    Can 74 

A.    B.    Gushing Dix,    Can 14 

Dawes    &    Co Lacine,    Can 32 

S.    W.     Dearborn Oshawa,   Ont.,   Can 3 

L.    G.    Drew Oshawa,   Ont.,  Can 14 

P.    A.    Fleming Weston,   Ont.,   Can 37 

W.    B.    Ives Sherbrook,   Can 30 

E.    W.    Judah. Hillhurst,   Can.    .  .' 10 

R.    J.    Mackie Oshawa,   Ont.,   Can 20 

R.    H.    Pope Crookshire,    Can 15 

James  Sharman  &  Sons.  .  .  > Stratford,   Can 12 

D.  A.    Smith Silver  Heights,   Man.,   Can. .  .  8 

P.    W.    Stone Guelph,    Ont.,    Can 50 

W.    M.    Vernon Waterville,    Can 11 

W.  H.  &  H.  A.  Hunter   (in  1899) The  Maples,    Ont.,   Can 6 

Ontario  Agriculture  College  (in  1901)  Guelph,    Ont,    Can 2 

R.  J.  Penhall  (in  1902) Villa  Nova,   Ont,   Can 6 

Ontario  Agricultural  Col.  (in  1904) .  .  .  Guelph,    Ont,    Can 2 

Total 368 

The    Herd    Book    Bought    from    Mr.    Miller.- 

While  the  American  Hereford  Cattle  Breeders'  As- 
sociation was  organized  at  the  Grand  Pacific  Hotel, 
Chicago,  on  June  22,  1881,  with  Mr.  C.  M.  Culbert- 
son,  President,  Mr.  T.  E.  Miller  (son  of  T.  L.  Mil- 
ler), Secretary,  and  Mr.  Adams  Earl,  Treasurer,  it 
was  not  until  February,  1883,  that  arrangements 
were -made  for  taking  over  the  control  of  the  herd 
book  from  Mr.  Miller  and  his  associates.  The  orig- 
inal charter  was  taken  out  over  the  signatures  of  C. 
M.  Culbertson,  William  S.  VanNatta,  Charles  B. 
Stuart,  Oilman  S.  Burleigh  and  T.  L.  Miller.  Vol- 
umes 1  and  2  of  the  herd  book,  issued  respectively 
in  1881  and  1882,  were  practically  published  pri- 
vately by  Mr.  Miller,  although  nominally  issued 
from  the  press  of  the  "Breeders'  Live  Stock  Asso- 
ciation," Beecher,  111. 


PERIOD   OF   BIG   IMPORTS   CONCLUDED  521 

More  Stringent  Rules  Adopted. — At  a  special 
meeting  of  the  American  association  held  at  the 
Sherman  House  in  Chicago  on  Feb.  28,  1883,  at 
which  some  forty  members  were  present,  arrange- 
ments were  made  for  purchasing  the  book  for  the 
sum  of  $5,000.  At  this  meeting  the  rules  of  entry 
were  amended  in  important  particulars  to  insure 
future  greater  purity  of  blood.  By  this  time  the 
breed  was  in  such  demand,  and  at  such  strong 
prices,  that  there  was  temptation  to  put  upon  the 
market  animals  whose  lineage  could  not  be  traced  in 
all  lines  to  satisfactory  sources.  Attention  was 
called  to  the  fact  that  the  English  Herd  Book  So- 
ciety was  annually  admitting  to  registration  ani- 
mals whose  ancestors  in  the  female  line  had  not  pre- 
viously been  on  record.  In  order,  therefore,  to  pro- 
tect American  buyers  from  short-pedigreed  cattle  of 
either  English  or  American  origin  it  was  decided, 
first,  to  admit  all  animals  whose  sire  and  dam  were 
already  on  record  in  Volume  1  or  Volume  2  of  the 
American  Herd  Book,  or  in  the  first  thirteen  vol- 
umes of  the  English  Herd  Book,  and  that  "the  pedi- 
grees of  all  animals  not  entitled  to  record  in  either 
of  the  two  volumes  of  the  American  Hereford  Eec- 
ord,  or  in  the  first  thirteen  volumes  of  the  English 
Herd  Book,  under  the  above  rule,  shall,  before  en- 
try in  future  volumes  of  the  American  Hereford 
Eecord,  show  sire  of  recorded  pedigree  in  either  the 
English  Herd  Book  or  American  Hereford  Eecord; 
and  the  pedigree  of  the  dam  must  include  name, 
breeder,  date  of  birth,  owner,  sire  and  dam,  through 


522  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

four  crosses,  and  shall  end  in  the  herd  of  a  reputa- 
ble breeder  in  England,  whose  herd  is  of  undoubted 
purity. 9  J 

In  the  constitution  and  by-laws  adopted  for  the 
government  of  the  association  the  actual  control  of 
the  business  affairs  of  the  organization  was  placed 
in  the  hands  of  an  executive  committee  of  three,  of 
which  Mr.  Charles  B.  Stuart  was  chairman  for  a 
long  series  of  years.  Mr.  Charles  Gudgell  served 
for  many  years  with  Mr.  Stuart  upon  this  commit- 
tee. While  there  was  ultimately  strong  objection 
to  so  much  power  being  lodged  in  its  hands  all  ad- 
mitted that  the  affairs  of  the  organization  pros- 
pered amazingly  under  such  direction,  the  associa- 
tion finally  becoming  financially  one  of  the  strongest 
of  its  kind  in  the  United  States. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  association  held  at 
Chicago  in  November,  1883,  Mr.  William  S.  Van- 
Natta  was  elected  President,  and  a  special  commit- 
tee appointed  for  the  purpose  of  raising  money  for 
encouraging  Hereford  exhibits  at  the  Fat  Stock 
Show  reported  that  the  desired  amount  of  $2,000 
had  been  over-subscribed. 


CHAPTER  XII. 

THE  SHOCK  OF  SHOWYARD  WAR. 

The  very  highest  degree  of  excellence,  indeed  ap- 
proximate perfection,  is  required  to  win  blue  and 
purple  ribbons  in  great  open  competitions.  This  is 
the  reason  why  breeders  always  have  a  pride  in 
tracing  the  descent  of  their  cattle,  if  possible,  from 
ancestors  whose  titles  to  superiority  have  been  made 
clear  by  notable  showyard  victories.  It  may  there- 
fore serve  a  useful  purpose  to  take  up  in  some  detail 
the  roster  of  great  names  developed  by  some  of  the 
more  memorable  contests  that  occurred  during  the 
years  immediately  following  this  great  influx  of 
Herefordshire's  best  blood  into  the  western  states, 
for  out  of  this  flood  of  importations  emerged  the 
herds,  distributed  far  and  wide,  that  have  since 
made  the  blood  practically  available  to  all  parts  of 
the  country  upon  a  legitimate  commercial  basis. 

As  we  have  already  pointed  out,  Sir  Charles,  Suc- 
cess, Hero,  and  the  Anxieties  led  the  early  line  of 
Herefords  in  the  great  battle  of  the  breeds  that  con- 
stituted so  marked  a  feature  of  the  western  fairs 
from  1876  to  the  later  >80's.  They  were  followed 
by  many  British  showyard  stars  of  the  first  magni- 
tude; but  within  a  comparatively  short  space  of 
time  American  breeders  were  producing  by  a  judi- 
cious blending  of  the  various  bloods  now  in  their 

523 


524  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

possession  show  cattle  equaling,  if  not  indeed  ex- 
celling in  some  respects,  the  best  showyard  types 
evolved  in  England. 

The  Great  Fight  of  1882.— Let  us  start  with  a 
reference  to  certain  old-time  exhibitions  at  impor- 
tant fairs  of  the  cornbelt  states  which  gave  a  zest  to 
those  events  previously  unknown — those  foolish  old 
days  of  "picked-up"  committees  and  breed  com- 
petitions, when  the  shrewdest  "wire-puller"  or  the 
most  successful  "bull-dozer"  among  the  exhibitors 
stood  a  good  chance  of  obtaining  results  which  in 
these  later  times  would  be  impossible. 

There  was  a  time  when  the  real  battle  of  the 
breeds  began  at  two  important  district  shows  in 
the  state  of  Indiana,  one  at  Lafayette  and  the  other 
at  Crawfordsville.  Liberal  money  prizes  were  pro- 
vided for  open  classes  at  both  places,  and  this 
chance  to  line  up  alongside  the  Shorthorns  was 
eagerly  accepted  by  the  zealous  new  champions  of 
the  Hereford. 

At  that  date  no  American  newspaper  was  making 
any  effort  to  report  the  contests  at  these  events  in 
any  detail,  and  noting  the  necessity  for  such  a  serv- 
ice the  newly  established  "Breeder's  Gazette"  un- 
dertook the  task,  not  however  without  serious  mis- 
givings. The  story  of  the  Lafayette  show  of  1882, 
told  in  the  issue  of  that  paper  for  Sept.  14  of 
that  year,  would  probably  bring  a  broad  smile  to 
the  seasoned  reader  of  such  reviews  in  these  later 
days,  but  it  nevertheless  suffices  to  reflect  clearly  a 
decidedly  tense  situation. 


THE  SHOCK  OF  SHOWYARD  WAR  525 

The  Shorthorn  colors  were  borne  by  the  follow- 
ing: J.  H.  Potts  &  Son,  with  their  Duke  of  Richmond 
blood;  " Uncle  Harvey "  Sodowsky,  as  sly  an  old 
showman  as  ever  set  foot  in  a  showyard,  and  owner 
of  that  great  show  cow  Jessie  Hopewell;  Thomas 
Wilhoit,  one  of  the  best  breeders  and  feeders  in  In- 
diana, with  his  famous  Knight  of  Athelstane; 
Launcelot  Palmer  of  Missouri,  with  old  Loudon 
Duke  of  Greenwood;  besides  Stevenson  &  Son  and 
Croft  Bros.,  both  of  Illinois. 

The  Hereford  cause  now  no  longer  depended  upon 
Mr.  Miller,  for  Messrs.  Culbertson,  Earl  &  Stuart, 
Fowler  &  VanNatta,  Thomas  Clark,  William  Con- 
stable, C.  K.  Parmelee,  and  Benjamin  Hershey  had 
got  their  heads  together  during  the  summer  months 
and  resolved  to  go  after  the  enemy  en  masse.  Each 
of  these  fitted  and  sent  into  the  Lafayette,  Craw- 
fordsville,  Peoria  and  St.  Louis  shows  of  that  year 
the  best  of  their  top  cattle — some  70  head  in  all,  and 
a  mighty  phalanx  it  was. 

It  does  not  seem  to  matter  much  just  now. as  to 
what  happened  that  week  at  Lafayette,  but  it  cer- 
tainly had  meaning  enough  at  the  time,  not  only  to 
those  who  participated  as  exhibitors,  but  to  the 
thousands  of  farmers  and  cattle  growers  in  all  parts 
of  the  country  who  were  interested  in  the  warfare 
being  waged  at  these  exhibitions  of  breeding  ani- 
mals, as  well  as  at  the  Chicago  Fat  Stock  Show. 

The  class  judging  came  first.  Constable  won  with 
Hero  over  Clark's  Anxiety  3d  and  Culbertson 's  Sir 
Garnet  by  The  Grove  3d;  Earl  &  Stuart  had  first  on 


526  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

two-year-old  bull  with  the  massive  imported  Royal 
16th,  over  Borneo  and  Tregrehan ;  Shadeland  scored 
again  on  yearling  bulls  with  Prince  Edward,  against 
Anxiety  4th  and  Anxiety  5th  and  others.  Culbert- 
son  won  first  in  a  strong  class  for  cows  with  imp. 
Downton  Eose,  second  going  to  Shadeland 's  imp. 
Lady  3d* ;  Clark  won  in  the  two-year-old  heifers 
with  Peerless,  as  against  Venus ;  a  rare  lot  of  year- 
ling heifers  were  headed  by  Hershey's  Miss  Broad- 
gauge  2d  by  Horatius,  with  Earl  &  Stuart 's  Wilton 
heifer  Delight  2d  as  the  runner-up.  Prettymaid  and 
Duchess  2d  were  unplaced  in  this  extraordinary 
company.  It  will  be  noted  that  the  entire  outfit  of 
winners  was  imported. 

There  was  no  end  of  trouble  before  a  committee 
was  finally  secured  to  judge  the  open  classes.  With 
the  Hereford  men  it  was  "anything  to  beat  the 
Shorthorns. "  It  mattered  not  at  all  which  Here- 
ford bull,  cow  or  herd  might  be  chosen.  The  only 
question  was  how  to  prevent  the  "Shorthorn  crowd 
from. putting  up  a  job"  to  beat  them.  There  were 
nightly  councils  of  war  at  the  old  Hotel  Lahr. 
Scouts  were  appointed  to  give  warning  of  attempted 
unfair  tactics.  Culbertson  was  in  command  of  a 
coterie  of  comrades  under  perfect  discipline.  Man 
after  man  tendered  by  the  society  to  serve  as  a 
juror  was  challenged  and  rejected,  sometimes  be- 
cause he  was  a  cattle  feeder  instead  of  a  breeder, 
and  sometimes  vice  versa.  Worn  out  at  length  by 


*While  this  cow,  Lady  3d  by  Horace  2d,  had  been  shown  regularly 
since  a  calf,  she  had  dropped  three  calves  by  the  time  she  was  five 
years  old. 


THE  SHOCK  OF  SHOWYARD  WAR  527 

the  irreconcilable  differences  between  the  spokes- 
men for  the  rival  hosts,  the  superintendent  finally 
named  a  committee  without  reference  to  the  wishes 
of  either  side,  and  the  big  fight  was  then  waged 
with  the  following  result: 

In  the  graded  herd  competition  Potts  was  first, 
Culbertson  second  and  Sodowsky  third.  In  young 
herds  Fowler  &  VanNatta  were  first,  Potts  second 
and  Parmelee  third.  Constable  took  the  bull  cham- 
pionship with  Hero  and  Sodowsky  the  cow  cham- 
pionship with  Jessie  Hopewell. 

It  might  interest  some  of  the  younger  generation 
of  cattle  breeders  to  know  that  of  the  30  Shorthorns 
shown  in  these  championship  contests  there  were 
but  two  roans,  and  of  course  no  whites. 

"The  Breeder's  Gazette "  commented  on  the  es- 
prit du  corps  in  the  Hereford  camp  upon  this  memo- 
rable occasion,  and  stated  that  the  Hereford  aggre- 
gation, including  so  many  English  Royal  winners, 
would  be  seen  all  the  way  through  the  central  cir- 
cuit, with  their  campaign  practically  directed  by  one 
man,  working  not  for  himself  but  for  the  glory  and 
honor  of  the  breed.  This  drew  out  from  Hon.  J.  H. 
Pickrell,  the  old-time  Shorthorn  showman,  of  Baron 
Booth  of  Lancaster  fame,  the  following  comment : 

"Why  should  70  cattle  travel  in  one  body,  under 
one  major  general,  to  a  fair  that  gives  as  the  highest 
prize  (in  class)  but  $20,  unless  it  is  to  awe  the  whole 
country  with  its  grandeur?  It  must  be  a  weak  cause 
that  needs  such  bolstering.  Let  me  ask,  why  make 
such  a  war  at  all?  Time  settles  all  things  and  will 
in  the  end  tell  us  what  will  best  shorten  a  Texas 


528  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

horn,  what  breed  will  thrive  best  and  make   the 
greatest  improvement  generally." 

At  Crawfordsville  the  week  following  the  excite- 
ment was  again  intense,  and  when  the  gates  closed 
it  was  found  that  while  some  re-distribution  of  hon- 
ors had  been  made  the  break  was  so  even  as  to  dem- 
onstrate that  it  was  a  case  of  Greek  versus  Greek. 
Potts  had  first  in  the  big  herd  competition,  Sodow- 
sky  second  and  Culbertson  third.  In  young  herds 
Earl  &  Stuart  were  first,  Fowler  &  VanNatta  second 
and  Parmelee  third.  Tregrehan  was  champion  bull 
and  Jessie  Hopewell  champion  female. 

And  so  the  battle  raged  that  year — with  new  con- 
verts clearly  gained  for  the  " white  faces,"  and  with 
Shorthorn  breeders  turning  more  and  more  towards 
the  Scotch  blood  that  was  bearing  so  well  the  brunt 
of  this  unprecedented  attack  upon  their  position. 

" Rudolph's  Year. "— The  event  of  the  year  1883 
was  the  appearance  of  Eudolph,  probably  the  great- 
est son  of  The  Grove  3d,  flashed  upon  the  American 
public  at  Des  Moines.  G.  S.  Burleigh  had  his 
imp.  Anxiety  2d  on  the  western  circuit,  then  three 
years  old  and  shown  at  a  weight  of  2,535  pounds. 
Gudgell  &  Simpson  had  a  strong  herd'  of  Aberdeen- 
Angus  on  the  road,  headed  by  old  Knight  of  St.  Pat- 
rick, so  that  the  open  beef-herd  championship  was 
hotly  contested.  Potts  and  Eobert  Miller  won  first 
and  second  respectively,  and  the  Wyoming  Here- 
fords  were  third. 

W.  C.  McGavock,  who  had  started  in  with  Here- 


THE   SHOCK   OF  SHOWYARD  WAR  529 

fords  at  Franklin,  Mo.,  sent  a  show  herd  out  this 
year  headed  by  Gypsy  Boy,  a  1,900-pound  three- 
year-old  that  took  first  at  the  Minnesota  State  Fair 
and  at  other  shows. 

J.  S.  Hawes  of  Colony,  Kans.,  and  W.  E.  Camp- 
bell of  Caldwell,  Kans.,  were  conspicuous  exhibitors 
this  season  in  the  west ;  at  Topeka  the  latter  beat  his 
Shorthorn  opponents  in  the  bull  championship,  and 
the  former  gained  an  open  prize  for  bull  with  five 
of  his  calves.  It  was  here  that  Campbell  first  ex- 
hibited his  famous  yearling  grade  heifer,  Texas 
Jane.* 

In  Michigan,  Phelps  of  Pontiac,  William  Hamil- 
ton of  Flint,  and  Thomas  Foster  flew  the  Hereford 
flag.  Unfortunately  we  are  without  the  names  of 
their  prize-winners. 

The 'big  show  of  1883  was  at  the  Illinois  State 
Fair,  held  that  year  at  Chicago.  Eudolph,  Tregre- 
han,  Anxiety  2d,  Anxiety  3d,  and  Sir  Garnet  were 
there,  and  Mr.  Burleigh's  bull  had  the  honor  of 
standing  next  to  Eudolph.  Fowler  &  VanNatta 
gained  the  grand  beef  herd  championship  over  the 
Potts  Shorthorns  with  a  lot  that  included  Tre- 
grehan,  Ethel,  Viola,  Fancy,  and  Jewel  3d.  Tom 


*Over  Texas  Jane's  stall  was  this  placard : 

"I  was  born  on  W.  E.  Campbell's  ranch  Aug.   19,  1882,  and  was  at 
once  christened 

Texas  Jane. 
My  father  was  a  Hereford  thoroughbred ; 

My  mother  a  wild  Texas  scrub ; 
The  cross  makes  me  easily  fed, 
And  I  am  able  to  rustle  for  grub. 

Don't  stare  at  the  meat  on  my  back, 
Or  be  surprised  at  my  snowy- white  face; 

For  'tis  all  the  work  of  Pa  Pa 

That  gives  me  this  Hereford  grace." 


530  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

Clark  was  already  becoming  famous  for  the  quality 
of  his  heifers  and  drew  first  in  both  the  three-  and 
two-year-old  classes,  and  second  on  yearlings. 

At  St.  Louis  the  Wyoming  herd,  with  Rudolph  at 
the  head,  gained  the  lion's  share  of  the  honors,  op- 
position being  offered  by  J.  S.  Hawes  and  W.  C. 
McGavock. 

The  Scare  of  1884.— The  discovery  of  what  the 
official  veterinarians  called  contagious  pleuro-pneu- 
monia  among  certain  dairy  and  distillery-fed  cattle 
in  Illinois  frightened  most  of  those  who  had  fitted 
herds  for  show  in  1884  into  keeping  their  cattle  at 
home,  so  that  the  exhibits  were  more  or  less  meager 
all  around. 

Tom  Clark  and  George  Leigh  ventured  out,  how- 
ever, at  Chicago.  Clark  showed  Hero  this  year,  a 
bull  that  would  have  stood  a  lot  of  competition.  He 
had  first  in  his  class,  and  ribbons  decorated  the  hal- 
ters of  Peerless,  Duchess  12th,  Silver,  Jessie  2d,  and 
Flossie. 

While  the  show  season  was  practically  a  failure, 
there  was  a  big  trade  in  1884  in  Herefords  all  over 
the  west,  although  prices  had  begun  to  sag  off  under 
excessive  importations  which  were  somewhat  below 
the  levels  reached  a  few  years  previous.  At  a  com- 
bination sale  at  Kansas  City  in  September  Gudgell 
&  Simpson,  George  Leigh  &  Co.,  and  Frank  Crane 
sold  70  head  at  an  average  of  $514.57.  It  was  here 
that  E.  S.  Shockey  bought  the  Anxiety  bulls  Beau 
Monde,  at  $1,000,  and  Beau  Eeal,  as  a  calf,  at  $300. 


THE  SHOCK  OF  SHOWYARD  WAR  531 

George  W.  Henry  bought  imp.  Eoyal  16th  at  the 
$1,000  figure.  W.  E.  Campbell  paid  $1,230  for  imp. 
Miss  Archibald,  and  George  Morgan  gave  $1,500 
for  Primrose  2d. 

The  Shows  of  1885.— At  the  Iowa  State  Fair  the 
Iowa  Hereford  Cattle  Co.'s  Washington  was  the 
first-prize  aged  bull,  Sergeant  Major  heading  the 
two-year-old  class  and  the  famous  cow  Melody  10th 
gaining  first  among  the  aged  females. 

In  the  competition  for  the  grand  beef  herd  cham- 
pionship, however,  all  breeds  competing,  the  S.  S. 
Brown  Shorthorns  were  first,  T.  W.  Harvey's  Tur- 
lington Aberdeen-Angus  were  second,  and  the 
Herefords  third. 

At  Minnesota  J.  0.  Curry  and  J.  C.  Bertram  of 
Aurora,  111.,  made  exhibits,  Mr.  Bertram  showing 
his  stylish  yearling  Wilton  bull  Sir  Wilfred  and 
Curry  gaining  first  in  the  cow  class  with  Delight 
(the  dam  of  Peerless),  then  ten  years  old.  Mr.  Cul- 
bertson  was  also  an  exhibitor  and  had  second  prize 
here  on  Helen  by  Anxiety. 

At  the  old  Western  National  Show  at  Bismarck 
Grove,  Lawrence,  Kans.,  in  those  days  one  of  the 
leading  agricultural  fairs  of  the  west,  J.  H.  Hawes 
was  first  with  his  famous  Fortune,  son  of  Sir  Bich- 
ard  2d.  Other  exhibitors  were  Lucien  Scott,  G.  A. 
Fowler  of  Kansas  City,  and  Shockey  &  Gibb  of  Law- 
rence. 

At  the  Illinois  State  Fair,  held  in  Chicago,  the 
Herefords  were  unquestionably  the  strongest  class 


532  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

on  the  grounds.  Washington  was  the  first-prize 
aged  bull  and  Sergeant  Major  was  again  winner 
over  a  great  string  of  two-year-olds.  The  Iowa 
company's  Melody  was  adjudged  the  best  cow  and 
Fowler  &  VanNatta  were  second  with  Lark,  one  of 
the  most  notable  members  of  their  herd  at  that  time. 

At  St.  Louis  Hawes,  Crane,  and  F.  H.  Jackson  of 
South  Bend,  Ind.,  competed;  Fortune,  shown  at  a 
weight  of  2,550  pounds,  won  first,  and  Crane  had 
second  on  the  good  bull  Grimley  9443. 

The  Business  Overdone. — During  the  year  1885, 
notwithstanding  the  activity  on  the  surface,  signs 
began  to  multiply  which  indicated  that  the  market 
for  purebred  Heref ords  had  for  the  time  being  been 
overstocked.  Stimulated  by  the  widespread  display 
of  interest  in  the  " white  faces",  importation  had 
followed  importation  until  more  cattle  were  on  the 
market  than  could  be  taken  care  of  at  prices  ap- 
proaching those  prevailing  during  the  years  imme- 
diately preceding.  By  this  time  many  herds  had 
sprung  into  existence  in  nearly  all  the  leading  agri- 
cultural states,  and  various  speculators  were  bring- 
ing over  cattle  which  were  being  offered  both  at 
public  and  private  sale.  Those  who  had  borne  the 
heat  and  burden  of  the  day  in  introducing  the  breed 
in  the  west,  and  who  had  already  made  large  invest- 
ments in  the  very  best  of  the  British  show  and 
breeding  stock,  began  to  feel  the  desirability  of  in 
some  way  restricting  the  number  of  cattle  being  of- 
fered. 


THE  SHOCK  OF  SHOWYARD  WAR  533 

One  Hundred  Dollar  Tax  on  Imported  Cattle. 
— At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  American  Hereford 
Breeders'  Association  in  Chicago  on  Nov.  13, 
1885,  membership  in  the  association  was  restricted 
to  American  citizens,  and  a  new  rule  was  adopted 
providing  that  all  imported  cattle  thereafter  offered 
for  entry  in  the  American  herd  book  should  pay  a 
recording  fee  of  $100.  The  object  of  this  was  ob- 
vious— the  checking  of  free  importations  of  the  in- 
ferior or  low-grade  cattle  which  were  being  bought 
in  England  in  the  hope  of  reselling  in  America  at 
a  profit. 

At  this  same  meeting  a  rule  was  adopted  provid- 
ing that  every  animal  imported  before  Nov.  13, 

1885,  and  every  animal  calved  in  America  prior 
to  Jan.  1,  1886,   should  not  be  eligible  to  record 
in  the  American  herd  book  after  July  1,  1886 ;  that 
application   for   entry   must   be    made   within    six 
months ;  and  that  out  of  every  ten  bulls  dropped  as 
the  property  of  any  member  after  Jan.   1,   1886, 
only  nine  should  be  eligible  to  record,  the  object  of 
this  being  to  insure  the  discarding  of  10  per  cent  of 
the  bull  calf  crop.    A  resolution  was  also  adopted 
providing  that  cattle  imported  prior  to  March  1, 

1886,  by  breeders  unaware  of  these  new  rules  should 
be  admitted  on  submission  of  proper  evidence  to 
that  effect.    This  meeting  was  presided  over  by  Dr. 
0.  Bush  of  Sheldon,  111.,  at  that  time  president  of 
the  association.    Needless  to  say,  the  radical  action 
aroused  some  bitterness  and  provoked  acrimonious 
debate. 


534  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

The  results  of  the  trade  both  at  public  and  private 
sale  in  England  and  America  during  the  year  1885 
indicated  clearly  that  "the  bloom  was  off  the  rye," 
so  far  as  fancy  prices  for  anything  except  the  very 
best  cattle  were  concerned.  The  fact  is,  that  the 
pace  had  been  too  fast,  the  business  was  being  over- 
done. While  quite  a  number  of  importers  and  deal- 
ers were  financially  crippled  during  the  slump  in 
values  that  materialized  about  this  date,  there  was 
no  doubt  but  that  in  the  long  run  the  period  of  liq- 
uidation which  now  set  in  was  beneficial  so  far  as 
the  ultimate  best  interest  of  the  Herefords  in  the 
United  States  was  concerned.  Excellent  cattle  were 
now  being  produced  in  the  United  States  from  past 
importations,  and  it  was  no  longer  essential  that 
the  herds  of  Herefordshire  be  heavily  drawn  upon 
to  supply  home  demands. 

The  Famous  Invasion  of  Kentucky. — The  year 
1886  is  memorable  in  the  annals  of  American  beef 
cattle  breeding  for  the  vigorous  effort  made  by  the 
Illinois  and  Indiana  champions  of  the  Herefords  to 
storm  the  one  great  citadel  of  Shorthorn  power — 
the  blue  grass  region  of  Kentucky.  For  the  span  of 
two  generations  Kentucky  had  been  wedded  to  the 
"red,  white  and  roan."  Throughout  all  the  years 
that  the  "white  faces"  had  been  steadily  gaming 
ground  north  of  the  Ohio  River  they  had  received 
no  encouraging  word  from  "the  Blue  Grass."  The 
Alexanders,  Eenicks,  Vanmeters,  Cunninghams, 
Bedfords,  Goffs,  Clays,  Warfields,  Hamiltons,  and 
their  contemporaries  had  for  years  reigned  supreme 


THE  SHOCK  OF  SHOWYARD  WAR  535 

in  their  capacity  as  purveyors-in-chief  to  the  farm- 
ers of  the  Mississippi  Valley,  and  latterly  to  the 
ranchmen  of  Texas  and  the  southwest  in  general,  of 
all  that  was  deemed  best  in  the  way  of  good  cattle. 
Accustomed  for  two  generations  to  the  patronage  of 
the  leading  cattle  growers  of  the  west  they  scoffed 
at  the  pretensions  of  the  Herefords,  and  were  slow 
to  admit  what  their  colleagues  in  the  north  had  al- 
ready conceded — that  the  newcomers  from  Here- 
fordshire were  destined  henceforth  to  divide  the 
honors  with  their  favorites. 

The  two  leading  shows  of  1886  in  "the  Blue 
Grass "  were  scheduled  for  Shelbyville  and  Lexing- 
ton. At  these  two  points  the  charge  of  Pickett's 
heroes  at  Gettysburg  was  in  a  bovine  sense  dupli- 
cated, and  with  like  results.  At  the  risk  of  weary- 
ing somewhat  the  readers  of  this  volume,  the  author 
ventures  to  incorporate  at  this  point  liberal  ex- 
cerpts from  his  own  attempt  at  telling  the  story  of 
this  undertaking — practically  his  first  reportorial 
effort  in  the  way  of  a  detailed  account  of  an  event  of 
such  character.  We  quote  from  "The  Breeder's 
Gazette"  of  Sept.  2,  1886: 

"THE  HEREFORDS  IN  KENTUCKY. 


"  'And  darest  thou  then 
To  beard  the  lion  in  his  den,  the  Douglas  in  his  hall?' 

"The  sensation  of  the  showyard  season  just  in- 
augurated, so  far  as  the  beef  breeds  of  cattle  are 
concerned,  is  the  '  nervy '  attempt  of  leading  breed- 
ers of  Herefords  to  force  a  hearing  in  the  most 


536  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

1  solid '  of  all  American  Shorthorn  breeding  districts, 
the  Blue  Grass  country  of  Kentucky. 

"For  weeks  past  the  threatened  invasion  by  the 
*  white  faces'  has  been  the  one  theme  of  conversation 
among  the  Shorthorn  people  of  the  locality  named, 
and  as  the  clans  began  to  gather  for  the  fray  last 
week  the  good  citizens  of  Shelbyville  suddenly  found 
their  quiet  little  city  transformed  into  a  bustling 
camp  of  warring  factions  with  but  one  name  upon 
every  lip:  "The  Herefords!'  Verily  the  Shorthorn 
citadel  was  shaken  from  center  to  circumference, 
and  as  the  long  line  of  deep-fleshed  wanderers  from 
Herefordshire  wound  its  way  through  their  gates, 
with  Fowler,  Sir  Bartle  Frere,  Bowdoin,  Prince  Ed- 
ward, and  Caractacus  as  their  chiefs,  those  who  had 
been  born  and  raised  with  the  supremacy  of  the  'red, 
white  and  roan,7  undisputed  and  unchallenged  were 
treated  to  a  sight  such  as  the  eyes  of  many  who 
gazed  with  eager  interest  had  never  before  regaled 
themselves.  Hundreds  of  those  who  came  to  visit 
the  show  had  never  seen  a  Hereford,  and  it  is  but 
simple  justice  to  the  breed  to  state  that  some,  at 
least,  who  had  apparently  come  to  scoff  remained 
to  admire;  and  while  the  visitors  were  unable  to 
snatch  a  victory  from  out  the  jaws  of  what  they  had 
all  along  expected  would  prove  a  defeat,  they  feel 
that  a  missionary  work  has  been  accomplished  that 
will  some  day  return  a  reasonable  profit. 

' i  It  goes  without  saying  that  the  invading  column 
was  a  strong  one,  representing,  as  it  did,  the  first- 
class  herds  of  Messrs.  Adams  Earl,  of  Lafayette, 
Ind. ;  Fowler  &  VanNatta,  Fowler,  Ind. ;  C.  M.  Cul- 
bertson  and  G.  W.  Henry,  both  of  Chicago,  111.; 
and,  while  not  so  large  a  combination  as  the  memo- 
rable white-faced  array  of  1882,  and  while  by  no 
means  including  all  the  best  show  beasts  of  the 


THE  SHOCK  OP  SHOWYARD  WAR  537 

breed  in  the  north,  it  was  nevertheless  a  formidable 
force  for  any  one  breed  of  cattle  to  encounter  sin- 
gle-handed, even  upon  its  own  soil.  The  charge  was 
successfully,  and  we  might  say,  good-humoredly  re- 
pelled, however,  with  the  herds  of  Col.  T.  S.  Mober- 
ley,  of  Eichmond,  and  T.  S.  Grundy  &  Sons  of 
Springfield  (Ky.),  bearing  the  brunt  of  the  fight. 
Mr.  A.  J.  Alexander  sent  a  small  contingent  of 
young  things  under  the  lead  of  the  37th  Duke  of 
Airdrie  from  Woodburn,  and  Messrs.  J.  G.  Bobbins 
&  Sons  reinforced  the  army  of  defense  with  a  herd 
from  Horace,  Ind.,  while  Shelby  County  breeders 
contributed  their  mite  in  aid  of  the  general  cause. 

"The  story  of  the  placing  of  the  prizes  in  the 
Hereford  class  by  a  local  committee  follows: 

"Five  animals  eligible  to  the  ring  for  Hereford 
bulls  three  years  old  and  over  were  on  the  ground, 
three  of  which,  it  may  be  observed,  were  sons  of  the 
celebrated  Lord  Wilton,  but  one  of  their  number, 
Mr.  Henry's  well  known  Stocktonbury  bull  imp. 
Prince  Edward,  was  off  his  feed  and  was  not  led 
out.  The  quartette  that  did  enter  the  amphitheatre, 
however,  was  one  of  extraordinary  merit,  and  it 
would  have  been  no  easy  task  for  a  jury  even  of  ^ex- 
pert Hereford  breeders  to  pass  upon  the  bulls  with- 
out considerable  delay.  The  judges  were,  we  under- 
stand, none  of  them  familiar  with  the  kind  of  cattle 
upon  which  they  were  required  to  pass,  and  we  be- 
lieve we  are  correct  in  saying  that  they  did  not 
' handle'  a  single  entry  in  this  ring.  Mr.  Earl 
brought  forward  his  $3,000  English  Eoyal  winner 
Sir  Bartle  Frere  (6682),  by  Lord  Wilton  (4740),  out 
of  Tiny  (4467)  by  Longhorns  (4711),  with  a  weight 
of  nearly  2,500  pounds,  the  first  appearance  of  the 
bull,  we  believe,  in  any  American  showyard.  As 
stated  in  < The  Gazette'  for  Aug.  19,  this  bull  has 


538  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

achieved  a  national  reputation  as  the  sire  of  the 
first-,  second-  and  third-prize  grade  yearling  steers 
at  the  Chicago  Fat  Stock  Show,  and  in  his  present 
form,  with  his  lovely  yearling  daughters  by  his 
side,  must  be  a  source  of  the  highest  pride  to  his 
owner  as  he  is-  of  admiration  to  the  public.  He  has 
a  head  and  horn  of  unusual  beauty,  full  of  strong 
character,  and  yet  as  handsome  as  could  be  wished. 
His  ribs  spring  out  with  a  noble  arch,  showing  a 
back  and  loin  of  most  extraordinary  strength;  and 
on  this  account,  if  for  no  other  reason,  he  is  a  dan- 
gerous competitor  in  any  field.  The  flesh  carried 
by  this  bull  on  his  top  is  certainly  sufficient  to  jus- 
tify at  least  some  of  the  talk  of  our  Hereford  friends 
about  the  wealth  of  meat  carried  by  their  cattle  in 
the  most  valuable  parts,  for  if  abundance  of  choice 
broiling  and  roasting  beef  is  any  desideratum  Sir 
Bartle  Frere  is  a  type  of  beast  that  must  delight  the 
hand  and  eye  of  any  man  used  to  handling  beeves 
of  fine  quality.  He  carried  more  flesh  than  any  bull 
of  any  breed  on  exhibition,  and  carried  it  all  with 
such  smoothness  and  great  show  of  fine  breeding  as 
to  stamp  him  an  animal  of  rare  quality. 

"Next  to  this  son  of  Wilton  stood  Mr.  G.  W. 
Henry's  imp.  Caractacus  (7470),  showing  rather 
more  white  than  is  deemed  desirable  in  the  perfectly 
marked  Hereford,  but  a  bull  of  great  substance  and 
much  flesh  withal.  He  is  on  the  short,  compact  or- 
der, and  if  he  had  some  of  Eoyal  16th  's  great  length 
would  have  probably  pleased  Kentucky  cattlemen  as 
well  as  any  bull  in  the  ring.  He  was  bred  by  John 
W.  Smith,  Thinghill  Court,  Hereford,  and  was  got 
by  Eosarian  (6139)  (son  of  Marechal  Neil  4485), 
out  of  Curly  7th  12250  by  The  Emperor  12257,  he 
by  Mercury  (3967),  the  sire  of  Longhorns  (4711), 
Tredegar  (5077),  Thoughtful  (5063),  etc. 


THE  SHOCK  OF  SHOWYARD  WAR  539 

"Fowler  12099,  Messrs.  Fowler  &  VanNatta's  cel- 
ebrated son  of  old  Tregrehan  6203,  made  friends 
from  the  beginning;  and  the  encomiums  he  received 
at  the  hands  of  both  the  public  and  members  of  the 
awarding  committee  were  the  spontaneous  tribute 
paid  by  unbiased  men  to  an  animal  that  possesses 
merit  of  an  uncommon  kind.  Fowler  will  be  re- 
membered by  many  of  our  readers  as  one  of  the  sen- 
sational two-year-olds  of  the  Illinois  State  Fair  of 
1885,  and  at  that  time  was  regarded  by  some  good 
judges  as  the  best  Hereford  bull  of  his  age  in  the 
west.  He  carried  1,850  pounds  at  Chicago  last  Sep- 
tember, if  we  remember  aright,  and  while  a  slight 
indisposition  robbed  him  of  some  of  his  flesh  some 
weeks  ago,  he  has  been  on  the  up-grade  since,  and 
now  lifts  the  beam  at  about  2,300  pounds.  When  it 
is  remembered  that  he  is  but  a  trifle  past  three  years 
old,  and  is  not  in  the  highest  flesh,  it  will  be  seen 
that  he  is  of  great  scale.  He  has  good  length,  good 
rib,  good  back  and  loin,  covers  well  on  nearly  all  his 
points  and  carries  the  meat  low  down  on  his  car- 
cass. He  has  marvelous  width  in  front  (as  has  his 
famous  sire),  giving  great  room  for  heart  and  lungs, 
and  altogether  shows  much  genuine  Hereford  char- 
acter. His  dam,  Princess  1990,  was  by  Seventy-Six 
1093,  son  of  that  great  old  sire  imp.  Sir  Eichard  2d 
4984. 

"Mr.  C.  M.  Culbertson's  Bowdoin  8579  was  one  of 
Fowler 's  competitors  at  Chicago  last  year,  and 
stood  next  to  Sergeant  Major  in  that  interesting 
competition.  He  came  forward  at  Shelbyville  in  his 
three-year-old  form  as  showy  as  ever,  and  with 
twelve  months'  development  adding  to  the  charms 
that  rendered  him  a  successful  bull  in  1885.  He  has 
done  extremely  well  since  returned  to  Newman  from 
Michigan,  and  with  his  great  smoothness  and  style 


540  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

is  a  dangerous  antagonist.  Like  Sir  Bartle  Frere, 
he  might  fill  a  little  better  in  his  flank,  and  a 
little  more  flesh  to  round  him  out  a  trifle  behind 
the  shoulder  would  not  be  amiss,  but  he  is  so 
neatly  turned  and  so  pleasing  is  the  general  effect 
produced  upon  the  eye  as  one  beholds  him,  that 
he  leaves  a  most  favorable  impression.  He  is 
a  son  of  the  old  hero  of  Stocktonbury  (Lord  Wil- 
ton), out  of  a  Remus  cow,  and  was  bred  by  Mr.  S. 
Goode,  of  Ivingtonbury. 

"There  was  but  one  ribbon  to  be  awarded  and, 
by  a  vote  of  two  to  one,  it  was  given  to  Fowler, 
the  other  vote  being  cast  for  Mr.  Henry's  Caracta- 
cus. 

"No  two-year-olds  were  entered  and  but  a  few 
yearlings,  Mr.  VanNatta  securing  the  ribbon  in  the 
latter  ring  with  Randolph,  the  son  of  Tregrehan 
that  won  first  prize  at  the  Illinois  State  Fair  last 
fall  as  bull  calf.  In  bull  calves  Mr.  J.  A.  Pickett, 
of  Shelby  Co.,  Ky.,  who  is  quietly  testing  the  '  white 
faces'  in  the  *  penny-royal  country,'  came  to  the 
front  with  a  son  of  Brant  12314,  a  Canada-bred  sire, 
in  competition  with  seven  head  from  Fowler  &  Van- 
Natta, Adams  Earl  and  C.  M.  Culbertson. 

"Before  taking  up  the  cows  and  heifers  the  prize 
for  best  bull  of  any  age  was  awarded  and  developed 
quite  a  surprise  to  the  knowing  ones,  Fowler,  Bow- 
doin,  Sir  Bartle  Frere,  Caractacus  and  all  giving 
way  to  Mr.  Earl's  yearling  Earl  of  Shadeland  9th, 
a  worthy  youngster  unnoticed  by  the  committee  on 
yearling  bulls.  This  decision  seemed  to  rather 
4 paralyze'  our  Hereford  friends,  but  it  must  be 
admitted  that  the  recipient  of  the  ribbon  is  not  only 
a  choice  individual,  but  richly  bred.  He  is  a  son 
of  that  finely-fleshed  and  impressive  sire  Garfield 
(6975),  dam  Bramble  2d  (6948)  by  Lord  Wilton,  and 


THE  SHOCK  OF  SHOWYARD  WAR  541 

while  a  very  elegant  young  bull  the  wisdom  of  rat- 
ing him  higher  than  the  first-class  matured  animals 
pitted  against  him  may  be  called  in  question. 

"Hereford  cows  were  an  extra  show,  and  consider- 
able difficulty  was  experienced  in  arriving  at  a  deci- 
sion. With  such  animals  in  the  fight  as  Mr.  Earl's 
Ada  2d  7006  by  Lord  Wilton,  and  Duchess  21st  7551 
by  Commander  (4453),  Fowler  &  VanNatta's  Lark, 
Ethel,  Viola  2d,  Miss  Fawley,  and  Mr.  Henry's  Ed- 
wina  by  Prince  Edward,  it  is  not  strange  that  our 
Kentucky  friends  split  badly  on  first  ballot.  The 
first  prize  ultimately  fell  to  Mr.  Earl's  daughter  of 
Wilton,  the  second  going  to  Mr.  VanNatta's  Sir 
Richard  cow  Viola  2d.  We  should  rather  have  pre- 
ferred the  Commander  cow  to  Ada,  on  account  of 
her  superior  smoothness  and  quality,  and  in  the 
same  respect  Miss  Fawley,  Ethel  and  Edwina  would 
have  probably  beaten  Viola;  but  if  substance  and 
weight  were  the  objects  sought  the  decision  might 
have  been  worse.  Both  of  the  prize  cows  are  un- 
even in  their  flesh,  but  they  are  animals  of  great 
depth  and  constitution  and  most  worthy  specimens 
of  the  breed.  In  neatness  and  finish  Mr.  Henry's 
Edwina  surpassed  all  of  her  competitors,  and  if  we 
mistake  not  by  another  year  will  give  the  cows,  at 
our  northern  shows  at  least,  a  lively  race. 

"In  two-year-old  heifers  a  full  chorus  of  objec- 
tions attended  the  sending  of  the  blue  to  Mr.  Earl's 
Garfield  heifer  Erica  5th  (dam  the  Eodney  cow  Cam- 
milla  8478),  and  the  red  to  the  same  exhibitor's 
Sparkle  by  Tom  Clark's  Anxiety  3d.  Although  both 
are  good  heifers  there  were  certainly  several  to  be 
preferred  to  Erica  5th.  Mr.  VanNatta's  grand  Anx- 
iety heifer  Peeress  and  Tregrehan's  daughter  Miss 
Fowler  are  gems  in  their  way,  but  neither  was  for- 
tunate .in  getting  a  place.  The  decision  for  first 


542  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

place  at  least  was  palpably  wrong  and  was  so  re- 
garded by  the  successful  exhibitor. 

"  In  yearling  heifers  Fowler  &  VanNatta's  Violet 
(dam  Pretty  Maid),  an  animal  of  rare  ripeness  and 
carrying  a  grand  lot  of  flesh,  was  selected  to  wear 
the  only  ribbon  offered  in  this  ring.  She  is  another 
of  the  get  of  old  Tregrehan,  and  is  a  worthy  repre- 
sentative of  the  bull  that  has  done  so  much  for  the 
great  herd  at  Hickory  Grove.  Heifer  calves  were 
an  admirable  show,  and  while  probably  most  people 
would  have  preferred  Mr.  VanNatta's  wonderfully 
ripe  heifer  by  Fowler,  she  had  to  give  way  to  Mr. 
EarPs  Elena,  a  promising  daughter  of  Elton  1st 
11245,  the  young  Sir  Richard  bull  that  is  the  rising 
star  at  Shadeland.  Elena  is  out  of  the  Carwardine 
cow  Flirt  6985  by  Eodney,  and  will  improve,  but  Mr. 
VanNatta's  extraordinary  calf  is  so  wealthy  in  her 
flesh,  so  grand  in  her  crops,  so  deep  of  rib  and  short 
of  leg,  that  it  is  difficult  to  satisfactorily  get  by  her. 
We  can  account  for  it  in  no  other  way  than  that  the 
committee  feared  her  back  might  not  hold  up  to  the 
required  level. 

"The  best  female  in  the  Hereford  class  was  ad- 
judged to  be  Viola  2d,  the  Fowler  &  VanNatta  cow 
alluded  to  above  as  receiving  second  in  the  cow  ring. 
In  spite  of  some  unevenness  in  her  back,  she  is  yet 
a  grand  strong  animal,  abounding  in  flesh,  with 
great  show  of  substance,  and  being  a  daughter  of 
the  famous  "old  Dick"  must  be  admitted  to  be  a 
very  valuable  cow. ' ' 

These  prizes  placed,  the  herd  contest  followed : 

' i  The  work  in  the  classes  only  served  to  whet  the 
curiosity  of  the  great  throng  of  visitors  for  the  breed 
competition  to  follow,  and  as  the  ring  for  best  bull 
of  any  age  or  breed  was  called  excitement  reached 
fever  heat.  The  position  of  the  exhibitors  of  the 


THE  SHOCK  OF  SHOWYARD  WAR  543 

Hereford  was  peculiar.  They  were  strangers  in  a 
strange  land.  To  three  out  of  five  people  on  the 
fair  grounds  their  cattle  were  an  utter  novelty,  and, 
while  it  was  believed  that  honest  decision  would  be 
rendered,  it  was  scarcely  anticipated  that  people 
born  and  bred  to  another  ideal  in  cattle  would  dis- 
card at  first  sight  all  they  had  been  led  to  admire  in 
a  beef  animal  and  award  the  palm  to  beasts  differing 
so  widely  in  essential  characteristics  from  the  Blue 
Grass  Shorthorn.  One  man  would  object  that  cattle 
built  like  these  Heref ords  '  couldn  't  get  through  mud 
at  all, '  while  others  condemned  for  what  they  pleased 
to  term  their  'lack  of  style. '  The  *  white  face '  failed  to 
carry  his  head  high  enough  to  suit  the  average  spec- 
tator, while  the  fact  that  they  were  so  superior  in 
front,  heart,  crops,  rib,  back  and  loin,  and  so  well 
let  down  in  the  twist,  could  not  atone  apparently 
for  any  weakness  about  the  rump.  They  were  called 
small,  too,  by  many  who  had  never  seen  a  deep- 
fleshed,  short-legged  Hereford  weighed,  and,  while 
the  Shorthorn  section  abounded  in  animals  deficient 
in  more  vital  points  than  those  which  were  objected 
to  in  the  Herefords,  there  were  few  who  could  ad- 
mit that  the  latter  were  the  equal  of  the  old-time 
favorites.  There  were  some  notable  exceptions,  how- 
ever, and  more  than  one  farmer  was  heard  to  ex- 
press a  desire  to  try  the  Hereford  on  Kentucky  soil ; 
so  that,  while  it  cannot  be  said  that  the  visitors  did 
more  than  insert  an  entering  "wedge,  they  have 
i broken  the  ice'  in  such  a  manner  as  to  lead  them 
to  expect  a  more  encouraging  reception  another 
year. 

"A  dozen  animals  filed  into  the  arena  in  compe- 
tition for  the  male  championships  of  the  yard,  and 
as  they  fell  into  the  semi-circular  line  formed  by 
the  amphitheatre  with  a  Hereford  for  a  base  at 


544  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

either  end,  the  keystone  of  the  solid  arch  of  bulls 
ominously  enough  was  seen  to  be  a  Shorthorn  and 
he  the  champion  of  his  class.  Sir  Bartle  Frere  held 
the  right  and  the  Garfield  yearling  from  Shadeland 
the  left,  with  the  Shorthorns  massed  from  the  cen- 
tre to  the  right,  while  Bowdoin,  Fowler  and  Carac- 
tacus,  and  indeed  the  entire  Hereford  strength  ( save 
Bartle  Frere)  was  from  the  start  on  the  side  to 
which  the  verdict  ultimately  assigned  them — left. 
As  one  scanned  the  field  the  one  special  impression 
gathered  was  that  the  better  quality  and  the  deepest 
flesh  lay  with  the  Herefords,  the  heaviest  weights 
and  the  finer  style  with  their  adversaries.  The  one 
were  of  the  low-down,  thick-set,  kindly  feeding  sort, 
the  other  possessing  the  greater  scale  and  range 
with  their  flesh  carried  higher  from  the  ground. 
Col.  Grundy's  Eed  Chief  was  shown  with  consum- 
mate skill,  and  this  in  itself,  in  a  region  where  style 
and  animation  count  so  heavily  as  at  Kentucky 
shows,  was  half  the  battle.  The  level  top  and  neat 
well  turned  quarters  of  the  red  Bates-topped  Phyllis, 
coupled  with  airy  style,  proved  irresistible,  and  as 
he  donned  the  blue  the  great  crowd  broke  forth  with 
tumultuous  applause.  The  nervous  tension  of  weeks 
found  sudden  relaxation.  The  strain  was  over. 
Hannibal  had  been  thundering  at  their  gates  and  in 
the  first  pitched  battle  was  sent  reeling  back  upon 
his  base  in  discouragement  if  not  dismay.  The 
Hereford  exhibitors  had  prided  themselves  upon 
the  fine  quality  of  their  bulls  above  almost  all  other 
features  of  their  exhibit,  and  believed  their  oppo- 
nents to  be  weakest  in  their  males,  so  that  while 
not  specially  surprised  at  the  result  they  felt  that 
their  severest  attack  had  been  successfully  repelled. 
"For  best  herd  of  'thoroughbred'  cattle,  any 
breed,  for  beef  purposes,  to  consist  of  one  bull  and 


THE  SHOCK  OF  SHOWYARD  WAR  545 

four  females,  the  females  to  consist  of  one  cow  three 
years  old  and  over,  one  two  years  old  and  under 
three,  one  one  year  old  and  under  two,  and  one  under 
one  year  old,  the  following  imposing  array  com- 
peted: Col.  T.  S.  Moberley's  Wild  Eyes,  Prince, 
Eosalina,  Barrington  Blanche  (Roan  Duchess), 
Juanita  16th  (Desdemona),  and  Desdemona  calf; 
Col.  T.  S.  Grundy's  Bed  Chief,  Grundy's  Young 
Marys  52d,  63d,  84th,  and  Mary  calf;  J.  G.  Bobbins 
&  Son's  Royal  Best,  Kitty  Wells  (Amelia),  Nora 
(Adelaide),  Majesty  and  calf;  Mr.  Adams  Earl's 
(Herefords)  Sir  Bartle  Frere,  Ada  ,2d,  Sparkle 
(Anxiety  heifer),  Lady  Wilton  8th  (by  Bartle 
Frere),  and  Elena  by  Elton  1st;  Fowler  &  Van- 
Natta's  Fowler,  Viola  2d,  Peeress  (by  Anxiety  5th), 
Violet  (by  Tregrehan),  and  Lassie  by  Fowler.  These 
five  herds,  three  Shorthorns  and  two  Herefords, 
constituted  the  most  interesting  exhibit  of  the  day, 
and  the  strength  of  some  of  the  female  Shorthorns 
made  it  morally  certain  that  victpry  would  perch 
upon  Kentucky  banners.  The  main  contest  lay  be- 
tween Grundy  and  Moberley.  The  Springfield  ex- 
hibitor wisely  enough,  perhaps,  headed  his  herd 
with  the  two-year-old  that  had  become  so  popular 
with  the  committees,  and  again  left  the  ring  a  win- 
ner. Had  his  older 'bull  been  at  the  head  of  his  lot 
we  should  have  considered  it  a  stronger  herd,  but 
as  it  was  there  were  many  who  thought  the  Mober- 
ley cattle  entitled  to  the  prize.  Again  did  the  wel- 
kin ring  with  Shorthorn  exultations,  and  again  did 
the  Hereford  clans  retire  under  the  shadow  of 
defeat. 

"  Three  entries  came  forward  in  competition  for 
the  best  herd  of  '  thoroughbred '  cattle  of  any  breed, 
for  beef  purposes,  to  consist  of  one  bull  and  four 
females  one  year  old  and  under  two,  two  being 


546  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Shorthorns  and  one  Hereford,  Messrs.  Moberley 
and  Alexander  representing  the  former  and  Mr. 
Earl  the  latter.  The  visitors  again  thought  their 
chances  good,  as  their  string  was  of  extraordinary 
strength,  including  Earl  of  Shadeland  9th,  Lady 
Wiltons  6th,  8th  and  10th,  and  Elenora  9th.  Mr. 
Alexander  sent  37th  Duke  of  Airdrie,  30th  Duchess 
of  Airdrie,  28th  Duchess  of  Airdrie,  Wild  Eyes  Lady 
5th,  Eosewood  5th  and  Miss  Bates  20th,  while  Col. 
Moberley  entered  6th  Airdrie  of  Forest  Grove,  For- 
est Grove  Duchess,  one  Mary,  a  Harriet,  and  a  Des- 
demona.  A  committee  of  five  inspected  the  cattle, 
and  balloted  as  follows:  Moberley  two,  Earl  two, 
Alexander  one.  Before  the  sixth  man  could  be  found 
to  tie  the  ribbon  a  shower  set  in  that  allayed  both 
dust  and  interest  in  the  fight.  An  umpire  was  finally 
secured,  however,  and  casting  his  ballot  for  the  Rich- 
mond herd  sent  the  ribbon  to  adorn  the  already 
large  collection  of  trophies  won  by  Col.  Moberley 
with  stock  from  Forest  Grove.  There  were  many 
who  regretted  that  the  Herefords  had  not  been  al- 
lowed this  prize,  not  for  sweet  charity's  sake,  but 
because  it  was  held  by  a  large  number  of  people 
that  Mr.  Earl  had  the  best  of  it  on  the  merits  of 
his  stock.  But  it  was  not  a  Hereford  day,  and 
Lewis,  and  the  Woodburn  people  as  well,  had  to  put 
not  only  a  wetting  but  a  beating  in  their  pipes  and 
smoke  it. 

"The  only  remaining  prize  was  that  for  bull  with 
three  of  his  get,  and  as  the  only  Shorthorn  entry 
was  of  a  bull  in  breeding  condition  with  calves  right 
from  the  pasture,  Messrs.  Fowler  &  VanNatta  (the 
only  other  competitors)  carried  it  away  with 
Fowler. 

"  'Chewing  the  cud  of  sweet  and  bitter  fancy' 
the  plucky  breeders  from  Indiana  and  Illinois  made 


THE  SHOCK  OP  SHOWYARD  WAR  547 

the  best  of  their  Waterloo,  and  exercising  a  wise 
philosophy  parted  company  with  their  successful 
rivals  in  the  best  of  spirits.  A  miniature  Hereford 
bull  (intended  as  a  souvenir  watch  charm)  was 
presented  to  Mr.  Earl  as  the  representative  of  the 
visiting  Hereford  breeders  with  an  address  of 
thanks  for  their  attendance,  and  the  proprietor  of 
Shadeland  responded  in  a  fitting  manner,  setting 
forth  briefly  what  is  claimed  for  the  red-with-white- 
face  cattle.  And  so  the  show  ended." 

Royal  Grove  Excites  Admiration. — While  the 
main  fight  was  being  waged  in  Kentucky  J.  0.  Curry 
was  arousing  the  enthusiasm  of  all  good  cattlemen 
in  the  north  by  showing  his  imported  two-year-old 
The  Grove  3d  bull  Eoyal  Grove  21500.  At  the  Min- 
nesota State  Fair  this  richly-furnished,  furry-coated, 
low-legged  youngster  was  easily  the  best  animal  of 
the  beef  breeds  in  the  ring.  "Harry"  Yeomans' 
Washington  was  there,  but  had  begun  to  lose  his 
bloom.  His  flesh  had  always  been  rather  soft  to 
the  touch,  and  had  now  begun  to  slip ;  nevertheless, 
he  managed  to  defeat  the  good  breeding  bull  Wild 
Eyes  by  Lord  Wilton,  that  for  some  years  headed 
the  herd  maintained  by  the  Cosgrove  Live  Stock 
Co.,  LeSueur,  Minn.,  of  which  Mr.  C.  N.  Cosgrove, 
long  identified  with  the  Minnesota  State  Fair  man- 
agement, was  president. 

It  was  at  this  fair  that  Mr.  Curry  presented  the 
bull  calf  Archibald  A.,  by  imp.  Archibald  and  out 
of  the  celebrated  Coral.  This  calf  was  thick  and 
shapely  enough,  but  had  that  wiry  hair  and  thick 
hide  that  seemed  so  strangely  and  so  unfortunately 


548  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

persistent  in  Archibald's  progeny.  Yeomans  had 
old  Melody,  by  John  Hill's  Merry  Monarch,  out 
again,  and  although  now  seven  years  old  and  the 
mother  of  five  calves  she  was  placed  first.  She  was 
a  cow  of  great  scale,  weighing  1,900  pounds,  and  had 
wonderfully  arched  ribs.  In  the  herd  contest  Eoyal 
Grove's  superb  bloom  and  character  carried  the 
day  for  the  Curry  cattle. 

Beau  Real  Unfairly  Beaten.— At  Des  Moines 
manager  Yeomans  of  the  Iowa  Hereford  Cattle  Co. 
had  the  honor  of  meeting  and  beating  Shockey  & 
Gibb's  two-year-old  wonder,  Beau  Eeal  11055  by 
Anxiety  4th,  with  Washington.  This  was  in  the 
championships  open  to  all  breeds.  He  was  lucky  to 
do  it,  for  the  younger  bull  was  "  coming, "  and  the 
other  "going."  Harry  Loveland  was  feeding  for 
the  Early  Dawn  people  and  led  Beau  Real  into  the 
ring  this  fall  weighing  near  2,200  pounds  at  a  few 
days  short  of  three  years  old.  It  is  not  believed  that 
a  better  backed  bull  than  Beau  Eeal*  has  ever  been 


*Writing>  to  "The  Breeder's  Gazette"  for  Oct.  31,  1900,  E.  S. 
Shockey  referred  to  Beau  Real  in  the  following-  terms: 

"Beau  Real,  calved  Sept.  22,  1883,  was  rather  thin  in  flesh  when 
we  bought  him,  but  the  way  he  responded  to  good  treatment  was 
remarkable.  We  had  many  tempting  offers  for  him,  but  would 
not  part  with  him.  With  personal  care  and  feeding  we  intro- 
duced him  to  the  showring  at  Bismarck  Grove  in  1885  as  a  year- 
ling, where  he  took  first  in  class  and  sweepstakes  Hereford  bull 
any  age,  thus  beginnning  a  four-year  show  record  in  which  he  de- 
fied his  antagonists  to  the  end.  He  was  once  placed  second  by 
an  'expert'  judge  on  account  of  the  'tie'  in  his  back,  and  once  by 
another  'expert'  who  said  he  was  'too  fat  to  breed.'  He  was 
never  taken  out  of  service  to  fit  for  the  showring.  He  never  had 
any  special  preparation  because  he  always  insisted  on  carrying 
a  wealth  of  firm  flesh,  transmitting  the  same  feeding  and  thick- 
meated  quality  to  his  offspring.  He  was  both  a  bull  and  a  heifer 
getter  but  most  of  his  sons  went  west  to  do  duty  on  the  range. 
Those  few  that  had  an  opportunity,  such  as  Wild  Tom,  of  Sunny 
Slope  fame,  and  Kansas  Lad,  with  Mr.  Armour,  prove  the  breed- 
ing-on  quality  so  essential  in  a  sire.  Among  his  many  magnifi- 
cent daughters  I  will  mention  a  few  that  were  called  upon  to 


THE  SHOCK  OF  SHOWYARD  WAR  549 

seen  in  America.  In  expanse  of  loin  he  has  certainly 
never  been  excelled  by  any  bull  of  any  breed  ever 
seen  in  the  American  showyard,  and  he  was  smooth, 
but  for  a  dimple  in  his  back,  and  heavily  wrapped 
in  deep  mellow  flesh.  The  decision  which  sent  first 
at  this  Des  Moines  show  to  Yeomans '  Blenheim  over 
Beau  Real  in  the  class  for  two-year-old  Hereford 
bulls  was  not  generally  approved,  not  even  by  Mr. 
Yeomans  himself.  Melody  16th  again  was  female 
champion. 

At  Lawrence,  Kans.,  Shockey  &  Gibb  had  the 
senior  bull  prize  in  Beau  Real's  half-brother,  Beau 
Monde.  He  was  a  broad-backed  bull  full  of  good 
flesh  and  with  excellent  character  and  quality.  He 
represented  a  cross  of  Anxiety  4th  upon  The  Grove 
3d  blood,  his  dam  being  Beauty  2d  9901.  The  exhi- 
bition by  Shockey  &  Gibb  of  this  extraordinary  pair 
of  bulls  drew  marked  attention  to  the  great  Gudgell 
&  Simpson  sire. 

At  Lincoln,  Neb.,  C.  M.  Sears  of  Aurora  had  first 
in  aged  bulls  with  Prince  of  Wales  8912  over  Hawes ' 
Fortune  and  Sir  Evelyn.  Beau  Real  was  first  in 
two-year-olds  and  champion  male.  Two  very  grand 
heifers  destined  to  fame,  Lady  Wilton  and  Miss 
Beau  Real,  were  features  of  this  show.  The  Beau 
Real  herd  won  the  grand  championship  over  all 
breeds. 


sustain  their  sire's  showyard  reputation,  such  as  Miss  Beau  Real, 
Miss  Beau  Real  Lad  3d,  Curly  Lady  and  Beau  Real's  Maid. 

"If  I  were  to  criticise  Beau  Real  I  would  say  to  change  his  horn 
a  trifle,  remove  the  'dimple'  in  his  back  and  make  him  a  bit 
strais-hter  in  hind  legs.  I  never  saw  such  a  thick  broad  loin.  He 
was  well  flanked  fore  and  aft  and  his  quarters  were  well  filled 
and  beautifully  finished." 


550  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Sir  Bartle  Frere  Wins  Over  Washington.— One 

of  the  best  cattle  shows  of  1886  was  that  at  the  In- 
diana State  Fair.  This  was  the  first  meeting  be- 
tween Washington,  the  ranking  aged  bull  of  the 
western  circuit,  and  Sir  Bartle  Frere.  The  latter 
was  in  fresher  condition,  and  deservedly  won.  In 
two-year-olds  Blenheim  was  preferred  to  Tom 
Clark's  Peerless  Wilton. 

The  progeny  of  the  imported  cattle  were  by  this 
time  beginning  to  show  "class."  Mr.  Earl's  young 
bulls  by  Garfield,  the  daughters  of  Sir  Bartle  Frere, 
and  Clark's  Anxiety  3d  heifers  on  one  side  the  Mis- 
sissippi and  the  Anxiety  4th  bulls  on  the  other  were 
foreshadowing  a  bright  future  for  home  breeding. 
In  a  great  ring  of  cows  seen  upon  this  occasion 
Peerless,  and  Mr.  Earl's  Duchess  21st  and  Ada  2d, 
had  to  step  back  in  favor  of  Clark's  Flossie.  The 
yearling  heifers  were  also  a  wonderful  lot,  worthily 
headed  by  another  daughter  of  Anxiety  3d,  Peer- 
less 2d.  The  Shadeland  lot  won  the  grand  cham- 
pionship herd  prize  over  all  breeds  and  also  the 
young  herd  championship  with  Earl  of  Shadeland 
9th  by  Garfield,  three  Lady  Wiltons  by  Sir  Bartle 
Frere,  and  Edwina  4th  by  Prince  Edward.  Mr. 
Lewis  and  his  assistants  had  been  unusually  suc- 
cessful in  the  fitting  of  the  Shadeland  show  stock 
of  1886. 

The  Michigan  breeders  made  a  good  show  this 
year  at  Jackson.  Messrs.  Phelps  of  Pontiac,  Merrill 
&  Fifield  of  Bay  City,  Hamilton  of  Flint,  Hart  of 
Lapere,  Driggs  of  Palmyra  and  the  newly  organ- 


THE  SHOCK  OF  SHOWYARD  WAR  551 

ized  partnership  of  Sotham  &  Stickneys  participat- 
ing. Merrill  &  Fifield  's  Tom  Wilton,  an  own  brother 
to  Mr.  Bertram's  Sir  Wilfred,  headed  the  three- 
year-old  bulls  at  Jackson. 

Beau  Real  Defeats  Fowler. — Beau  Real  was 
first,  Blenheim  second  and  Fowler  third  in  the 
senior  bull  class  at  Des  Moines  in  September,  1887. 
Fowler  should  probably  have  been  second.  His 
half-brother  Ethelbert  16633,  out  of  the  Tudge-bred 
cow  Ethel,  drew  the  blue  in  two-year-olds,  while  in 
yearlings  his  own  son  Fowler  Prince  headed  the 
class.  Miss  Fowler  by  Tregrehan  won  by  superior 
bloom  over  the  matronly  Hebe  8th  and  old  Melody 
of  the  Early  Dawn  and  Indianola  herds.  The  Tre- 
grehans  won  again  in  two-year-old  heifers  with 
Violet  19441.  The  star  yearling  was  Miss  Beau 
Real,  whose  dam  was  Bertha  by  Rudolph,  and  in 
the  heifer  calves  Early  Dawn  drew  both  first  and 
second  with  Miss  Belle  Monde  4th,  also  out  of  Ber- 
tha, and  Miss  Belle  Monde  5th,  from  a  Grove  3d  dam, 
both  being  sired  by  Beau  Monde.  Beau  Real  was 
champion  bull,  and  Miss  Fowler  champion  female. 

At  the  Nebraska  show  Beau  Real  was  first  and 
champion  over  all  breeds,  and  in  the  bull-with-get 
class  defeated  the  Fortunes  and  Sir  Evelyns,  shown 
by  Hawes,  as  well  as  "Harry"  Yeld's  Gift  Wiltons. 
With  the  late  Senator  Harris  of  Kansas  as  referee 
Hawes  had  the  female  championship,  beating  Miss 
Beau  Real  with  Nutbrowne,  a  daughter  of  Anxiety 
4th.  This  was  a  big  good  show  participated  in  by 
a  number  of  local  breeders,  including  E.  E.  Day, 


552  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Milliken  Bros.,  A.  S.  Harrington,  C.  M.  Sears,  Wil- 
liam Baker  and  C.  M.  Leighton.  John  Gosling  was 
one  of  the  judges  and  was  thus  early  grounding 
an  opinion  of  the  Anxiety  blood  which  he  has  ever 
since  stoutly  maintained. 

At  Topeka  the  main  fight  was  again  between  Early 
Dawn  and  Mr.  Hawes,  Beau  Eeal  beating  Fortune, 
now  eight  years  old,  in  the  class,  but  losing  to  the 
latter  in  the  bull  championship  open  to  all  breeds. 
This  was  a  rare  victory  for  the  son  of  old  Sir  Eich- 
ard  2d,  as  the  opposition  included  such  Shorthorn 
bulls  as  Cupbearer  and  The  Baronet. 

These  old-time  breed  contests  created  a  lot  of 
excitement  and  aroused  keen  interest,  but  they  of 
course  settled  no  breed  difference  and  sometimes  de- 
veloped amusing  situations.  At  this  Kansas  show 
of  1887,  for  example,  after  a  preliminary  examina- 
tion Col.  True,  the  judge,  informed  the  superinten- 
dent that  he  did  not  care  to  assume  the  responsibility 
of  tying  the  ribbons  alone  in  the  herd  competition, 
and  asked  that  another  judge  be  added.  Prof.  Shel- 
ton  was  accordingly  called,  and  an  examination  and 
a  ballot  revealed  Col.  True's  vote  for  Clay  &  Winn's 
Shorthorns  and  Prof.  Shelton's  vote  for  the  Early 
Dawn  Herefords.  Consultation  did  not  result  in 
agreement,  and  ex-Governor  Glick,  a  Shorthorn 
breeder,  was  directed  to.  decide  the  tie.  As  his 
name  was  announced  as  referee,  "I've  got  it"  and 
"I've  lost  it"  came  simultaneously  from  "Newt" 
Winn  and  Harry  Loveland,  who  was  feeding  for 
Shockey  &  Gibb.  It  was  even  so,  for  the  Missouri 


THE  SHOCK  OF  SHOWYARD  WAR  553 

Shorthorns  were  given  premier  position  and  the 
Kansas  "white  faces"  were  placed  second. 

The  Illinois  show  of  1887  was  held  at  Olney.  The 
Herefords  were  fittingly  presented  by  the  two  vet- 
eran showmen  Clark  and  VanNatta,  J.  0.  Curry, 
George  W.  Henry,  Tom  Ponting  and  others.  John 
Imboden  was  judge,  and  in  aged  bulls  properly 
placed  Fowler  first.  At  full  maturity  he  was  a 
bull  of  the  real  old  sturdy  Herefordshire  stamp. 
Masculine,  massive,  rugged  and  active,  with  a  com- 
manding presence,  rare  depth  and  spread  of  rib, 
and  big  well  filled  quarters,  he  was  an  outstanding 
specimen  of  the  type  that  made  the  conquest  of  the 
range  by  the  Herefords  a  certainty.  Mr.  Henry 's 
Caractacus,  thick-fleshed  and  compactly  fashioned 
but  rather  light  in  color,  was  second.  Ponting 's 
Defiance,  by  Culbertson's  imp.  Lord  Wilton  out  of 
an  Anxiety  dam,  one  of  the  good  bulls  of  his  day, 
was  much  admired  upon  this  occasion.  Curry's 
Horace-Eegulus  bull  Harold  was  first  in  two-year- 
old,  and  the  same  owner's  Archibald  A.  was  first 
in  yearlings. 

The  cows  were  headed  by  Clark's  Flossie,  seen 
here  with  calf  at  foot  and  still  showing  the  tradi- 
tional Anxiety  smoothness  and  wealth  of  good  flesh. 
Fowler  &  VanNatta 's  eleven-year-old  Truth  2d  stood 
next,  and  Pon ting's  low-legged  broad-topped  "little 
one,"  Gertrude  2d,  granddaughter  of  Gay  Lass  and 
dam  of  Defiance  and  other  good  ones,  was  third.  The 
VanNatta  herd  had  both  first  and  second  in  three- 
year-olds  with  Miss  Fowler,  by  Fowler,  and  Peer- 


554  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ess,  by  Anxiety  5th.  In  two-year-olds  Clark  was 
handily  first  with  Peerless  2d  and  VanNatta  second 
on  Violet  by  Tregrehan.  Peerless  3d  drew  the  blue 
for  Clark  in  the  yearlings  with  Henry's  Countess 
of  Eossland  next.  Fowler  &  VanNatta  won  on  herd. 
A  new  committee  made  Caractacus  champion  bull 
and  Peerless  2d  champion  female  of  the  class.  Hark- 
ing back  to  J.  H.  Pickrell's  sarcastic  reference  to 
the  Hereford  "syndicate"  of  1882,  it  was  significant 
of  the  now  widespread  recognition  of  Hereford  ex- 
cellence that  a  member  of  this  famous  old-time 
Shorthorn  breeder 's  own  family,  Mr.  A.  A.  Pickrell, 
acting  as  referee  at  Olney,  sent  the  grand  beef  herd 
championship  to  Fowler  &  VanNatta. 

By  this  date  the  fame  of  St.  Louis  as  the  great 
agricultural  show  of  the  middle  west  had  sadly 
faded.  In  1886  there  had  not  been  a  Hereford  on 
the  grounds,  and  in  1887  but  three  were  seen,  those 
of  Tom  Clark,  G.  W.  Henry  and  Fielding  W.  Smith. 
Caractacus  was  first  and  champion,  and  Dictator  2d, 
son  of  the  famous  Dictator,  was  second.  Flossie 
won  as  usual  in  the  cow  class,  but  Peerless  2d  was 
made  champion  female.* 

At  a  show  held  at  Kansas  City  this  year  Dictator 

*Old  Peerless  died  in  the  fall  of  1887,  and  her  record  was  so  re- 
markable that  it  should  find  full  recognition.  We  quote  Mr.  Clark's 
statement  of  her  career  made  shortly  after  her  death,  as  follows: 

"Peerless  was  exhibited  in  England  at  Leominster  show  in  1881,  and 
was  one  of  four  yearling  heifers  winning  the  first  prize,  also  one  of 
a  pair  of  heifers  winning  first  prize  at  the  Lord  Tredegar  show  at  New- 
port the  same  year.  In  America,  in  1882,  Peerless  won  first  prize  as 
the  best  two-year-old  at  Hoopeston,  111.,  first  at  Lafayette,  Ind.,  sec- 
ond at  Springfield,  111.,  second  at  Illinois  State  Fair  at  Peoria,  and 
first  in  class  and  sweepstakes  female  of  any  age  at  St.  Louis.  In 
1883  she  was  first  at  Illinois  State  Fair  at  Chicago,  and  sweepstakes 
female  any  age.  She  was  then  withdrawn  from  the  showyard  until 


THE  SHOCK  OF  SHOWYARD  WAR  555 

2d  defeated  Fortune  and  Sir  Evelyn.  In  Minnesota 
Fowler  &  VanNatta  and  the  Cosgrove  Co.  were  the 
only  contestants,  Fowler  beating  Wild  Eyes  in  the 
bull  section  but  Cosgrove  taking  a  majority  of  the 
prizes  on  females,  including  first  in  the  cow  class 
with  Bonnyface,  a  1,975-pound  daughter  of  Rudolph. 
In  Michigan  Merrill  &  Fifield,  Sotham  &  Stick- 
neys  and  Hon.  James  M.  Turner  showed  under  F.  H. 
Johnson  of  South  Bend  as  judge.  Tom  Wilton  and 
Clarence  Grove,  both  owned  by  Merrill  &  Fifield, 
were  first  and  second  in  senior  bulls.  Sotham  & 
Stickneys  were  first  in  two-year-olds  with  Stock- 
field's  Wilton  by  Hall's  Hotspur.  Merrill  &  Fifield 
won  on  cows  with  Lovely  2d  and  Greenhorn  5th. 

1886,  when  she  was  first  at  the  Illinois  State  Fair  at  Chicago  over 
hot  competition. 

"The  following  is  a  list  of  her  produce  and  their  winnings:  Empress 
2d  12771  was  one  of  the  four  yearling  heifers  shown  by  me  at  the 
Illinois  State  Fair  in  1884  that  took  first  prize  in  young  herd  over  all 
breeds.  She  is  now  owned  by  H.  H.  Clough,  Elyria,  O.,  and  was 
shown  by  him  this  year  at  the  Loraine  County  Fair,  taking  first  prize 
as  cow  in  strong  competition ;  she  was  also  in  the  herd  that  took  the 
grand  sweepstakes  over  all  breeds.  Her  next  calf  was  Peerless  Wil- 
ton 12774,  which  I  am  now  using  in  my  herd  on  Anxiety  3d  4466 
heifers,  and  for  which  I  refused,  when  he  was  eleven  months  old, 
$1,500.  He  was  the  sire  of  that  remarkable  sixteen-mpnth-old  bull 
that  took  second  premium  for  yearlings  at  the  last  Illinois  State  Fair 
against  much  older  and  larger  animals.  Her  next  calf,  Peerless  2d 
16240,  took  first  prize  as  a  yearling  at  the  Illinois  State  Fair 
in  1886,  and  in  1887  at  the  Illinois  State  Fair  was  first  as  two-year- 
old,  sweepstakes  for  the  best  female  of  any  age,  and  sweepstakes  over 
all  breeds  in  the  two-year-old  competition;  at  St.  Louis  in  1887  she 
was  first  as  two-year-old  in  her  class  and  sweepstakes  for  best  female 
of  any  age,  also  one  of  five  in  sweepstakes  herd.  Her  next  calf, 
Peerless  3d  26664,  took  second  as  calf  at  the  Illinois  State  Fair  in 
1886,  first  as  yearling  at  the  Illinois  State  Fair  in  1887,  and  was  one 
of  sweepstakes  young  herd  at  St.  Louis  this  year.  Her  last  calf  (but 
not  least)  is  a  bull  named  Anxiety  Wilton,  which  bids  fair  to  equal 
any  of  her  other  produce. 

"At  the  time  of  her  death  Peerless  was  within  three  weeks  of  drop- 
ping a  heifer  calf,  which  would  have  made  her  sixth  calf.  She  was 
seven  years  old  last  May.  With  her  show  career  and  the  calves  she 
produced,  I  would  class  her  as  one  of  the  most  remarkable  cows  that 
ever  lived.  The  cause  of  her  death  was  an  abscess  on  her  kidney,  from 
which  she  had  been  suffering  most  of  the  summer;  although  she  suf- 
fered so  much,  she  retained  her  beautiful  form  until  the  day  of  her 
death." 


CHAPTER  XIII. 
SOME  BOUSING  DEMONSTRATIONS. 

The  state  of  Ohio  had  thus  far  been  somewhat 
neglected  by  the  leading  exhibitors  of  Herefords. 
Local  breeders  had  made  creditable  shows  each  year, 
and  new  herds  were  founding,  prominent  among 
them  being  that  of  H.  H.  Clough,  who  restored  in 
full  measure  the  reputation  which  Elyria  had  many 
years  before  enjoyed  as  a  Hereford  headquarters. 

The  Ohio  Show  of  1888.— The  "big  chiefs"  of 
the  trade  in  those  days  decided  to  let  the  Ohio 
farmers  see  their  best  cattle  at  the  state  fair  of 
September,  1888.  Adams  Earl,  Fowler  &  VanNatta, 
George  W.  Henry,  Tom  Clark  and  C.  M.  Culbertson 
entered  the  state,  coming,  indeed,  the  week  before 
and  showing  at  the  old  tri-state  fair  at  Toledo.  They 
were  reenforced  at  Columbus  by  the  herds  of  Mr. 
Clough  and  F.  C.  Sayles  of  Berlin  Heights. 

Fowler  at  five  years  old  came  in  at  a  weight  of 
2,800  pounds,  still  carrying  himself  like  a  two-year- 
old.  However,  he  was  side-tracked  by  the  committee 
in  the  senior  bull  class  in  favor  of  Tom  Clark's  well- 
brought-out  four-year-old,  Prince  Edward  2d  14117, 
by  Mr.  Henry's  Prince  Edward  and  out  of  Luna 
4th  by  Horatius.  This  was  a  thick-fleshed  bull  par- 
ticularly good  in  loin  and  twist.  His  sire,  Prince 

556 


5*   ~ 


558  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Edward,  with  his  attractive  Lord  Wilton  head  and 
his  level  quarters,  and  now  nearly  eight  years  old, 
was  in  this  ring,  but  was  unable  to  hold  back  the 
younger  generation.  Clough  was  showing  a  very 
good  four-year-old  bull  called  Sylvester  11123,  bred 
at  Gudgell  &  Simpson's  from  Anxiety  4th.  Sayles' 
Cedric  8933  was  also  seen — an  imported  Turner- 
bred  bull  with  the  traditional  Grove  3d-Spartan 
thickness  of  flesh,  but  lacking  the  scale  of  his  com- 
petitors. Fowler  was  placed  second,  with  Prince 
Edward  and  Cedric  next  in  line. 

Earl  of  Shadeland  22d.— Mr.  Earl's  Earl  of 
Shadeland  22d  27147,  by  Garfield  and  out  of  Elec- 
tra  2d  by  Sir  Bartle  Frere,  second  dam  being  that 
capital  cow  Anguilla  by  Sir  Richard  2d,  had  been 
made  champion  at  Toledo  over  bulls  of  all  ages.  He 
was  easily  enough  first  in  the  two-year-old  division 
at  Columbus  and  subsequently  was  declared  champ- 
ion male  of  the  breed.  A  bull  of  rare  balance  and 
quite  the  sensation  of  the  show  season  of  1888,  Ear] 
of  Shadeland  22d  had  an  illustrious  career  as  a  prize^ 
winner.  Fowler  &  VanNatta  also  were  proving  the 
merit  of  their  breeding  stock  in  convincing  fashion ; 
in  this  ring  they  supplied  Cherry  Boy  26495,  son  of 
Fowler  and  Cherry  Pie  2d  by  Horatius,  and  des- 
tined to  great  fame  later  on.  He  was  second  here  to 
Earl  of  Shadeland  22d.  Mr.  Culbertson's  Star 
Grove  bulls  by  The  Grove  3d  were  full  of  flesh,  but 
had  not  the  size  and  stretch  of  their  antagonists.  Mr. 
Earl  also  headed  the  yearling  class  with  another 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  559 

Garfield  bull,  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th  30725,  out  of 
Snowdrop  by  Colorado  4252.  It  may  be  said  in 
passing  that  the  Shadeland  herd  contained  several 
Colorado  cows  that  proved  most  excellent  produc- 
ers. This  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th  was  a  youngster 
of  fine  promise,  which  he  afterwards  quite  fulfilled. 

The  VanNatta  stalls  supplied^the  winner  in  the 
cow  class  in  the  nine-year-old  Miss  Mize  2015,  by  Sir 
Eichard  2d,  full  of  thick  natural  flesh  and  with  a 
beatiful  heifer  calf  at  foot  afterwards  known  to 
fame  as  May  Fowler.  Henry's  Edwina,  by  Prince 
Edward  and  with  her  sire's  loins  and  quarters,  was 
second.  Clark's  Peerless  2d,  suffering  from  a  lame 
foot,  was  down  in  third  place,  while  VanNatta's 
Flossie  and  Peeress  were  out  entirely,  a  fact  well 
illustrating  the  exceptional  strength  of  this  great 
show.  The  two-year-old  heifers  were  a  revelation  to 
many  of  the  spectators.  Peerless  3d  had  first,  Van- 
Natta's Polly  Pink  by  Fowler  was  second,  and  Cul- 
bertson  's  Grove  Maid  17th  was  third.  The  yearlings 
were  also  a  royal  lot  headed  by  EarPs  Lady  Wilton 
26th  by  Bartle  Frere,  with  Henry's  Lady  Pitt  2d 
next,  and  Lady  Wilton  28th  third.  In  heifer  calves 
May  Fowler  led.  In  the  bull-with-get  class  Fowler 
won.  Mr.  Earl's  fine  yearling,  Lady  Wilton  26th, 
was  female  champion. 

In  the  grand-beef-herd  contest,  open  to  all,  Mr. 
Henry's  Herefords  were  victorious.  Mr.  Earl  won 
the  young  herd  championship,  as  well  as  the  open 
bull  championship  with  Earl  of  Shadeland  22d  and 


560  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

the  open  female  championship  with  Lady  Wilton 
26th.  The  fruits  of  the  importation  of  1881  were 
being  gathered. 

The  Big  Show  Moves  West. — The  impressive 
display  made  at  Toledo  and  Columbus  was  practical- 
ly duplicated  at  Indianapolis.  Fowler's  ill  luck 
remained  with  him*  the  first  prize  in  the  older  bulls 
going  again  to  Prince  Edward  2d.  In  two-year-olds 
Earl  of  Shadeland  22d,  easily  the  sensation  of  the 
year,  was  quickly  slated  for  first,  and  in  yearlings 
Earl  of  Shadeland  30th  duplicated  his  Columbus 
winning. 

Among  the  cows  the  Columbus  awards  were 
shaken  up,  first  going  to  Peeress  by  Anxiety  5th, 
second  to  Edwina,  third  to  Miss  Mize,  and  fourth  to 
Flossie.  A  different  order  was  also  arranged  in 
the  two-year-old  heifers;  Polly  Pink  moved  up 
from  second  to  first  place,  Countess  of  Eossland 
stood  next,  and  Peerless  3d,  that  had  been  first  at 
Columbus,  was  turned  down  to  third.  Other  ar- 
rangements were  also  made  among  the  yearlings, 
Lady  Wilton  27th,  fourth  at  Columbus,  going  to 
the  front,  Peerless  2d  following  and  Mr.  Earl's 
Erica  16th  coming  third.  May  Fowler  duplicated 
her  Ohio  victory  in  heifer  calves.  In  tha  bull 
championship  open  to  all  breeds  Earl  of  Shadeland 
22d  carried  the  honor  by  direction  of  Mr.  Imboden. 
In  the  open  herd  competition  partisans  of  each  of 
the  three  leading  breeds  served  on  the  committee. 
By  agreement  of  the  Shorthorn  and  Aberdeen-An- 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  561 

gus  judges  the  first  and  second  prizes  went  to  the 
Shorthorns  and  the  "doddies,"  Dr.  Bush,  the  Here- 
ford representative,  voting  for  the  VanNatta  Here- 
fords  in  each  case.  In  young  herds  first  went  to 
the  Shorthorns  and  second  to  the  Shadeland  Here- 
fords. 

The  four  leading  herds  on  the  eastern  circuit  put 
in  an  appearance  at  the  Illinois  State  Fair  at  Olney, 
supplemented  by  a  good  lot  sent  by  Tom  Pouting. 
The  entire  Pouting  exhibit,  including  Defiance 
21849,  by  Lord  Wilton,  were  direct  descendants  of 
old  Gertrude  2d  by  Pouting 's  Anxiety  3d,  and  the 
old  matron  herself  was  there  on  view. 

Fowler  was  at  last  preferred  to  Prince  Edward 
2d  upon  this  occasion,  Defiance  tying  the  latter  for 
second  place.  Earl  of  Shadeland  22d  won  by  gen- 
eral consent  among  the  two-year-olds,  with  Cherry 
Boy  second  as  before.  In  the  yearlings  the  Earls 
of  Shadeland  30th  and  26th  won  in  the  order  named. 
The  Garfield  '  bulls  were  now  making  an  even 
greater  "hit"  than  the  Bartle  Frere  heifers. 

In  the  cow  class  Edwina  at  last  forged  to  the 
front,  and  Flossie  stood  next,  leaving  Miss  Mize, 
the  Columbus  winner,  and  Peeress  unplaced.  Peer- 
less 3d  was  made  best  two-year-old  with  Countess 
of  Eossland  second,  Polly  Pink  being  unplaced. 
Lady  Wilton  27th  continued  to  find  high  favor  and 
was  first  in  the  wonderful  yearling  class,  with  her 
stable  mate,  Lady  Wilton  26th,  second.  Mr.  Henry 
won  the  herd  prize,  and  Mr.  Earl  scored  in  the 


562  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

class  for  five  animals  the  get  of  one  sire,  with  his 
Bartle  Frere  group  after  a  hard  battle  with  Clark's 
Anxieties.  It  will  be  remembered  that  Sir  Bartle 
Frere  and  Anxiety  3d  were  half-brothers,  both  be- 
ing out  of  old  Tiny  4467.  On  the  following  week 
most  of  these  cattle  were  seen  at  St.  Louis,  meet- 
ing at  that  point  entries  from  the  herd  of  F.  W. 
Smith.  Fowler  had  first  prize  as  best  senior  bull, 
and  the  Earls  of  Shadeland  22d  and  30th  completed 
an  unbroken  string  of  victories.  It  is  worth  noting 
in  this  connection  that  in  the  yearling  class  an  Anx- 
iety 4th  bull,  Don  Carlos,  of  which  we  shall  hear 
more  later  on,  shown  by  Mr.  Smith,  stood  next  to 
the  great  son  of  "Bartle." 

Western  Shows  of  1888.— The  trans-Missis- 
sippi fairs  of  1888  did  not  develop  the  strength  ex- 
hibited elsewhere.  The  show  at  Des  Moines  was 
made  chiefly  by  George  Fowler,  Maple  Hill,  Kans., 
the  Kansas  Hereford  Cattle  Co.  of  Lawrence,  A.  A. 
Crane,  Osco,  111.,  and  Fielding  W.  Smith.  Mr. 
Smith  received  first  in  bulls  on  Dictator  2d;  The 
Grove  3d  bull  Plutarch  14410,  imported  by  George 
Leigh  and  shown  by  the  Kansas  company,  had 
second;  Mr.  Crane's  five-year-old  Sir  Cherry  7295, 
bred  by  Mr.  T.  L.  Miller's  son,  T.  E.  Miller,  and 
sired  by  Ivington  Wilton,  stood  third.  Murdock 
28545,  by  Beau  Monde,  was  the  only  two-year-old 
bull.  Smith's  future-great  Don  Carlos  at  twenty 
months  had  to  make  way  for  Fowler's  Beau  Eeal 
3d,  by  Beau  Eeal  and  out  of  Bertha  by  Eudolph. 
Another  Beau  Eeal  baby  was  first  in  bull  calves. 


"TOM"  PONTING. 


564  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

One  of  the  best  cows  ever  seen  in  America,  Lady 
Wilton  19498,  of  the  Fowler  herd,  an  imported 
daughter  of  Lord  Wilton,  was  easily  first  among  the 
matrons.  The  Kansas  company's  Nutbrowne  5th 
17243,  by  Anxiety  4th  and  an  own  sister  to  Hawes' 
famous  Nutbrowne  4th,  was  second.  Mr.  Fowler 
succeeded  in  beating  Miss  Beau  Real  in  two-year- 
olds  with  Curly  17th,  daughter  of  the  Merry  Mon- 
arch cow  Curly  16th.  Dictator  2d  was  champion 
bull,  and  Lady  Wilton  the  best  female  any  age. 
The  Fowler  entries  won  the  young  herd  champion- 
ship, open  to  all  breeds. 

Lady  Wilton  vs.  Princess  Alice. — At  Lincoln 
the  judge,  John  Gosling,  gave  Plutarch  first  over  a 
Garfield  bull  shown  by  Howard  Bros.,  Edgar,  Neb. 
Murdock  and  Beau  Eeal  3d  were  first  in  the  two- 
year-old  and  yearling  rings.  The  cows  were  placed 
as  at  Des  Moines,  as  were  also  Curly  17th  and  Miss 
Beau  Real.  Murdock  was  made  champion  bull, 
Lady  Wilton  preserving  her  Des  Moines  honor 
among  the  females. 

In  the  annual  breed  contest  at  Lincoln  the  Short- 
horn herd  of  Luther  Adams  of  Storm  Lake,  la.,  was 
given  championship  honors,  with  the  famous  Cup- 
bearer at  its  head.  Included  in  this  herd  was  the 
beautiful  heifer  Princess  Alice,  later  to  acquire 
celebrity  in  the  Linwood  herd  of  Senator  Harris. 
In  the  open  class  for  females  of  all  ages  she  was 
preferred  to  Lady  Wilton.  "Newt"  Winn,  a  Mis- 
souri Shorthorn  breeder,  Alexander  Legge,  and 
John  Gosling  constituted  the  awarding  committee; 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  565 

the  decision  went  to  the  Shorthorns  over  Mr. 
Gosling's  protest.  George  Morgan,  who  was  pres- 
ent, became  particularly  wrathy  over  the  ver- 
dict, claiming  that  Lady  Wilton's  equal  had 
never  appeared  in  a  western  showyard.  "  Uncle 
Willie"  Watson,  then  with  Mr.  Harvey  at  Turling- 
ton, said  to  that  rare  old  "brither  Scot,"  William 
Miller,  manager  for  Mr.  Adams,  the  owner  of 
Princess  Alice,  "Weel  noo,  yeVe  just  beaten  the 
best  coo  on  the  grounds." 

Beau  Real  came  forward  at  Topeka.  An  accident 
had  cost  him  loss  of  flesh  and  bloom,  but  Beau  Real 
out  of  form  was  better  than  the  good  Plutarch,  and 
the  ribbons  were  placed  accordingly.  Murdock  won 
again  by  default.  Beau  Real  3d  beat  his  Beau  Real 
brother,  Shockey's  Nimrod,  in  yearlings.  Lady 
Wilton  was  first  in  cows  by  everybody's  consent. 
Makin  Bros,  of  Florence,  Kans.,  most  capable  men, 
who  had  by  this  time  become  established  in  Here- 
fords,  contributed  good  cattle  to  this  show.  They 
did  not  win,  but  there  came  a  day  later  on  when 
they  had  to  be  reckoned  with.  Miss  Beau  Real  was 
ordered  by  the  judge,  Capt.  Huber,  ahead  of  Curly 
17th  in  the  two-year-olds. 

The  open  bull-and-get  championship  at  Topeka 
was  awarded  by  Col.  J.  F.  True  and  the  late  John 
McDiarmid  to  the  Beau  Real  contingent,  over  the 
Shorthorn  Scotland's  Heros  and  Col.  Harris'  Baron 
Victors.  The  Shorthorn  Cupbearer  was  made  cham- 
pion bull  over  all,  whereupon  the  Hereford  breeders 
rebelled  and  sought  their  tents,  Princess  Alice  be- 


566  A  HISTORY  OP  HEREFORD  CATTLE 

coming  female  champion  and  the  Shorthorn  group 
of  which  she  was  a  member  receiving  first  honors  in 
a  one-sided  herd  contest. 

New  Alignment  in  1889.— Mr.  Earl's  whirlwind 
campaign  of  1888  had  certainly  sufficed  to  advertise 
sufficiently  the  claims  of  Shadeland  as  a  nursery  of 
prize-winning  Herefords.  Fowler  &  VanNatta,  too, 
had  won  such  stores  of  ribbons  that  it  seemed  as  if 
they  could  well  afford  to  remain  under  cover  for  a 
time,  so  far  as  showing  was  concerned.  Neither  of 
these  herds  was  on  the  circuit  of  1889.  Some  new 
blood  came  forward,  however,  more  especially  west 
of  the  river.  The  recession  of  the  tide  following 
the  "hurrah  days"  of  the  big  importations  had 
forced  a  number  of  concerns  to  ' '  shorten  sail, ' '  and 
others  to  go  out  of  business  entirely.  The  Iowa 
Hereford  Cattle  Co.  had  over-extended  itself,  and 
the  show  herd  was  sold  to  go  to  California  where 
it  was  successfully  exhibited.  The  Early  Dawn  peo- 
ple had  transferred  their  interests  to  others.  New 
men  were  taking  up  the  cudgels ;  conspicuous  among 
them  at  this  date  in  the  west  was  C.  H.  Elmendorf 
of  Kearney,  Neb.  The  Makin  Bros.,  Florence, 
Kans.,  were  also  now  coming  to  the  front.  E.  E. 
Day  of  Weeping  Water,  Neb.,  also  moved  up  into 
the  limelight. 

At  Des  Moines  Elmendorf,  Day,  the  Makins,  the 
Cosgrove  Co.  of  Minnesota,  and  Alex.  Moffitt  &  Son 
of  Mechanicsville,  la.,  made  the  Hereford  presenta- 
tion before  William  Stocking  of  Rochelle,  111.,  as 
judge.  In  the  aged  bulls  it  was  easy  to  send  Makin 's 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  567 

Vincent  16691  to  the  fore.  He  was  a  four-year-old 
son  of  Sir  Evelyn  out  of  imp.  Princess  of  Wales 
12073 — a  wide,  compactly  built,  evenly  turned  bull, 
with  good  quarters  and  a  nice  touch.  Day's  Prov- 
ince, another  son  of  Sir  Evelyn,  was  second. 

Earl  of  Shadeland  30th.— Elmendorf  had  bought 
Earl  of  Shadeland  30th  from  Mr.  Earl  and  in  his 
two-year-old  form  he  was  a  show  bull  of  the  first 
rank,  albeit  without  competition  at  this  particular 
show.  Speaking  of  this  bull  at  that  time  "The 
Breeder's  Gazette"  said: 

"Hereford  breeders  will  not  need  to  have  this 
bull  recalled  to  mind,  as  he  is  well  known  as  the 
yearling  which  was  counted  a  i coming  youngster' 
in  Adams  Earl's  herd  through  the  eastern  circuit 
last  year.  Well,  he  has  'come.'  He  had  started  to 
'come'  when  he  tied  his  companion,  the  phenomenal 
Earl  of  Shadeland  22d,  for  sweepstakes  bull  at  St. 
Louis  at  the  close  of  the  1888  campaign,  and  since 
that  time  he  has  moved  along  evenly  until  today  he 
must  be  pronounced  one  of  the  most  charming  bulls 
ever  seen  in  an  American  showyard.  There  have 
been  bulls  stronger  in  this  or  the  other  point,  but 
all  in  all  he  is  beyond  question  one  of  the  most  uni- 
formly good  bulls  of  the  breed.  He  is  absolutely 
smooth,  with  shoulder  beautifully  laid,  neck-vein 
nicely  filled,  ribs  well  arched  and  deep,  quarters 
long,  level  and  well  filled,  top  and  bottom  lines  per- 
fect, while  back  and  loin  are  packed  deeply  and 
smoothly  with  mellow  flesh." 

Besides  buying  this  bull  Mr.  Elmendorf  had 
secured  from  Tom  Clark  Flossie,  from  Mr.  Henry 
Edwina,  and  from  Fowler  &  VanNatta  Polly  Pink, 
all  familiar  showyard  favorites.  All  three  were 


568  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

thrown  into  the  cow  class  at  Des  Moines.  However, 
they  had  already  passed  their  zenith;  Flossie  was 
heavy  in  calf  and  Polly  was  growing  somewhat 
rough  in  her  flesh.  On  the  other  hand  the  Makin 
entry,  Mayflower  4th  by  Fortune,  was  shown  in  fine 
form,  and  as  she  was  broad,  deep,  full  through  the 
girth  and  even  in  her  lines,  she  drew  premier  place. 
Day  got  second  on  another  daughter  of  Hawes' 
Fortune  named  Cressie,  richly  furnished,  broad- 
topped  and  low-legged.  Day  supplied  the  winner 
among  the  two-year-old  heifers  in  Bright  Lass  3d, 
by  Anxiety  4th,  the  smoothness  and  quality  of  the 
Gudgell  &  Simpson  bull's  get  being  in  evidence. 
Elmendorf's  Elena  10th  from  Shadeland  was  sec- 
ond. The  Day  herd  drew  the  blue  in  yearlings  with 
Mable  by  Sir  Evelyn  2d;  Elmendorf's  May  Fowler 
(from  the  VanNatta  string)  was  in  this  class,  but 
Mr.  Stocking  did  not  seem  to  appreciate  her  fully. 
Earl  of  Shadeland  30th  was  champion  bull  and 
Bright  Lass  3d  was  sweepstakes  female. 

Gosling  Upsets  Stocking's  Work.— At  Lincoln 
there  was  a  notable  upsetting  of  the  Des  Moines 
ratings.  John  Gosling  as  judge  had  by  this  time 
become  a  fixed  habit  with  the  Nebraska  State  Fair 
management  and  exhibitors,  and  in  overturning  a 
number  of  Mr.  Stocking's  decisions  of  the  week  be- 
fore he  undoubtedly  reflected  the  best  judgment  of 
unprejudiced  men.* 

*Mr.  John  Gosling  was  born  in  Staffordshire,  England,  in 
1844.  He  came  to  the  United  States  in  June,  1870,  after  having 
had  practical  experience  in  the  buying,  feeding  and  slaughter- 
ing of  meat  animals.  His  first  work  in  this  country  was  in  John 
Taylor's  packing  house  in  Trenton,  N.  J.  This  employment  he 


JOHN  GOSLING. 


570  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

The  exhibits  of  Messrs.  Day,  Elmendorf  and 
Makin  were  supplemented  by  entries  from  the  local 
herds  of  Howard  Bros.,  Milliken  Bros.,  Leighton, 
Harrington,  Moon  and  the  Havens  Farm;  owned  by 
Mr.  Arthur  Havens,  a  son-in-law  of  Mr.  C.  M.  Cul- 
bertson.  It  was  the  largest  turn-out  of  Herefords 
seen  in  the  state  up  to  this  date. 

No  less  than  eight  aged  bulls  awaited  judgment, 
but  Vincent  proved  invincible.  Nevertheless,  he 
was  pressed  for  the  place  by  Mr.  Havens'  Star  Wil- 
ton 4th,  by  imp.  Lord  Wilton  out  of  a  Grove  3d 

was  obliged  to  discontinue  on  account  of  illness,  and  in  the 
summer  of  1871  he  made  a  trip  back  to  England,  returning  with 
a  few  Shropshire  sheep,  paying  $25  per  head  as  ocean  freight 
upon  them.  These  he  exhibited  at  the  New  Jersey  State  Fair,  and 
then  took  them  to  the  St.  Louis  show,  but  at  that  time  there  was 
no  class  for  such  animals.  A  few  years  later  he  brought  over  68 
Shropshires  to  Lexington,  Ky.,  and  exhibited  a  part  of  them  at 
various  state  fairs  for  their  owner,  Mr.  George  Allen,  now  de- 
ceased. From  1872  to  1880  he  was  engaged  in  the  butchering 
business  at  Rockford,  111.,  although  during  that  time  he  had 
some  connection  with  both  T.  L.  Miller  and  George  Morgan  in 
the  way  of  assisting  in  the  introduction  of  Hereford  cattle 
throughout  the  west.  When  Mr.  Culbertson  began  importing  he 
made  use  of  Mr.  Gosling's  services  in  various  ways  during  Mor- 
gan's absences  in  quest  of  cattle  in  England.  It  was  then  that 
Mr.  Alexander  H.  Swan  hirfed  Mr.  Gosling  to  take  charge  of  a 
herd  of  Herefords  which  he  had  established  at  Indianola,  la. 
It  was  from  this  establishment  that  the  famous  Fat  Stock  Show 
heifer  Grace  was  developed,  becoming  the  champion  Hereford 
heifer  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair  and  tying  Mr.  Culbertson's  cross- 
bred bullock  Dysart  for  champion  honors  at  the  Chicago  Fat 
Stock  Show. 

From  October,  1881,  to  September,  1884,  Mr.  Gosling  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Omaha  distillery  barns,  and  while  there  fed  6,000 
head  of  cattle,  for  some  of  which  record  prices  were  obtained  and 
remarkable  dressings  reached,  as  high  as  64  to  65  percent  being 
obtained  on  grade  range-bred  "white  faces."  From  Omaha  Mr. 
Gosling  was  sent  back  by  Mr.  Swan  to  Indianola,  where  he  de- 
veloped the  bull  calf  Storm  King,  afterwards  sold  for  $1,000  to  go 
to  Wyoming.  From  this  source  also  came  the  famous  champion 
carcass  winner  Plush,  referred  to  elsewhere  in  this  volume  in 
connection  with  the  early  Fat  Stock  Shows. 

About  1887  the  failure  of  the  Swan  Bros,  caused  Mr.  Gosling 
to  return  to  Rockford,  where  he  got  together  a  few  Hereford 
cattle,  and  fed  that  splendid  steer  Sensation  for  the  carcass 
competition  at  the  Fat  Stock  Show.  Although  failing  of  recogni- 
tion on  the  block  at  the  hands  of  the  judges,  Mr.  Gosling's 
friends  among  the  Hereford  breeders  evinced  their  appreciation 
of  his  skill  in  producing  such  a  carcass,  by  raising  a  purse 
of  $237.50  which  was  turned  over  to  the  exhibitor  by  way  of 
consolation.  This  carcass  was  the  subject  of  much  discussion 
at  the  time,  and  was  purchased  by  A.  C.  Terry  who  for  many 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  571 

dam.    Earl  of  Shadeland  30th  had  things  all  his  own 
was  among  the  two-year-olds. 

There  were  sixteen  aged  cows  forward.  Polly 
Pink  drew  the  blue.  She  might  have  been  smoother 
in  her  flesh,  but  it  was  exceptionally  thick  in  the 
right  spots,  and  she  also  had  plenty  of  scale  with  a 
marked  show  of  substance.  Another  cow 'that  had 
been  unnoticed  at  Des  Moines,  Day's  Aurora,  was 
drawn  for  second.  She  was  of  a  good  Hereford 
type,  level  and  near  to  the  ground.  In  two-year- 
olds  there  was  another  shake-up.  Bright  Lass  3d, 
the  Iowa  champion,  was  passed  over  for  Elena  10th 


years  maintained  one  of  Chicago's  best  retail  meat  markets  on 
the  corner  of  what  is  now  Jackson  Blvd.  and  Dearborn  St.  The 
chef  of  the  Richelieu  Hotel  had  the  handling  of  the  beef  for 
the  table,  and  pronounced  it  the  best  he  had  ever  served  up 
to  that  date.  This  steer  was  fed  oats  and  barley  meal,  and  did 
not  consume  five  bushels  of  corn  in  all  his  life. 

In  1892  Mr.  Gosling  associated  himself  with  the  Chicago, 
Burlington  &  Quincy  R.  R.  at  St.  Joseph,  Mo.,  in  which  capacity 
he  served  until  1896,  when  he  removed  to  Kansas  City,  Mo., 
and  engaged  in  the  buying  of  bulls  for  the  western  ranges. 
He  did  much  of  the  buying  at  one  time  for  the  LS  range  at 
Tascosa,  Tex.,  the  calf  product  of  which  herd  was  afterwards 
so  successful  at  the  Kansas  City  Royal  shows.  He  also  bought 
bulls  for  Mrs.  Adair's  JJ  herd  at  Paloduro,  from  which  stock 
Mr.  Dan  W.  Black  of  Ohio  acquired  calves  and  fed  them  to 
championship  honors  at  the  International  Exposition  at  Chicago. 
Mr.  Gosling  also  bought  bulls  for  the  Fowler  &  Tod  outfit  from 
1897  to  1909  when  the  herd  was  dispersed.  He  also  acted  as 
buying  agent  for  the  SMS,  Spur,  Bell  and  other  prominent  range 
companies.  His  services  were  also  utilized  by  Mr.  Murdo 
Mackenzie  for  the  buying  of  the  northern-bred  contingent  of 
bulls  shipped  a  'few  years  since  to  Brazil. 

John  Gosling's  great  hobby  during  all  these  years  has  been 
the  beef  carcass,  and  he  has  made  himself  one  of  the  recognized 
authorities  of  his  day  and  generation  upon  this  subject.  During 
the  past  ten  years  the  instructors  at  many  of  the  leading  Ameri- 
can and  Canadian  agricultural  colleges  have  taken  advantage  of 
his  intimate  knowledge  and  felicity  of  expression  in  this  regard, 
and  his  lectures  to  students  and  various  gatherings  of  farmers 
and  stockmen,  discussing  the  relation  of  breed  and  feed  to  flesh 
and  fat,  have  been  regarded  as  among  the  most  valuable  practi- 
cal contributions  of  recent  years  to  the  available  fund  of  infor- 
mation upon  that  question. 

Some  years  ago  at  Fargo,  N.  D.,  he  was  giving  a  meat 
demonstration,  and  was  called  upon  to  answer  some  questions, 
among  others:  "What  kind  of  a  beef  bull  should  one  select?"  His 
answer  was,  "One  with  a  Napoleonic  expression.  Cloudy!  'Bully'! 
A  Duke  of  Wellington  physiognomy  indicating  character!  To  this 
join  a  King  Solomon  disposition,  and  you  have  the  bull  you 
are  looking  for."  This  sally  was  followed  by  applause  and 


572  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

by  Elton  1st  11245.  Mr.  Earl  had  given  the  Elton 
name  at  Shadeland  to  a  line  of  bulls  owning  Sir 
Eichard  2d  as  their  sire,  and  Elena  10th  had  surely 
inherited  from  "old  Dick"  some  of  his  deep  natural 
flesh.  Her  ribs  were  beautifully  sprung,  and  her 
loin  wide.  The  Anxiety  heifer  that  had  beaten  her 
before  was  second.  Again,  in  the  yearling  heifers 
the  previous  judgment  was  disapproved.  May 
Fowler,  although  set  below  Mabel  at  Des  Moines, 

laughter,  and  in  recalling-  it  Mr.  Gosling  remarked  to  the  author 
of  this  volume.  "Such  bulls  were  Don  Carlos  and  Beau  Brummel." 
Mr.  Gosling  always  insisted  that  these  and  other  Anxiety  bulls 
strengthened  the  Hereford  type  in  respect  to  the  deep  back- 
thigh,  "a  formation,"  according  'to  his  view,  "which  insures  the 
legs  getting  into  the  beef  quick."  This  merit,  Mr.  Gosling  in- 
sists, was  lacking  in  many  of  the  Herefords  prior  to  the  exten- 
sive use  of  the  Anxiety  blood  throughout  the  west.  He  urges 
at  all  time  that  what  is  needed  is  an  increased  supply  of  inner 
muscle  or  flesh,  as  contrasted  with  carcasses  carrying  too  much 
outside  fat. 

One  of  the  most  notable  tributes  ever  paid  to  the  subject 
of  this  note  was  that  written  some  years  ago  by  Mr.  Cecil 
Palmer,  at  one  time  a  leading  live-stock  artist,  making  a  special 
study  of  Hereford  form  and  character.  Mr.  Palmer  said; 

"Mr.  Gosling's  relation  to  the  Hereford  cause  has  been  that 
of  an  expounder  and  defender  of  'the  faith.'  Born  in  Stafford- 
shire, England,  the  son  of  an  artist,  he  brought  to  his  mission 
the  eye  of  an  artist,  the  inclination  and  capacity  of  mind  for 
thorough  investigation  and  complete  knowledge  of  his  subject 
in  all  its  relations,  the  boundless  and  untiring  enthusiasm  of  a 
crusader  of  old  and  the  gift  of  speech.  He  has  been  an  advance 
agent  of  the  Hereford  man's  present  prosperity.  Like  another 
John  of  old,  he  has  been  a  voice  crying  in  the  wilderness,  'prepare 
ye  the  way'.  He  has  not  only  been  priest  and  prophet  of  the 
Hereford  religion,  but  he  has  been  an  educator  as  well,  and  has 
helped  to  improve  the  Hereford  by  helping  to  educate  the 
breeder. 

"He  could  see  the  faults  of  the  Hereford,  if  he  had  any,  and 
he  always  admitted  them.  He  could  see  the  faults  of  the 
Shorthorn  or  Polled  Angus  with  certainty,  and  he  sometimes 
mentioned  them  too.  Mr.  Gosling  is  a  judge  of  the  beef  animal, 
whether  on  the  farm  or  in  the  showring.  He  knows  when  to 
feed  and  how  to  feed  and  what  to  feed  and  how  much — and  he 
has  always  been  an  advocate  of  the  liberal  and  discriminating 
use  of  the  knife.  .  He  knows  how  to  breed,  feed  and  butcher; 
and  also  how  to  cook  a  beef  steak  or  roast,  and  when  it  is  on 
the  table  he  is  an  epicure. 

"Years  ago  he  advocated  the  idea  that  two  years  was  long 
enough  for  a  steer  to  live.  Years  ago  he  advised  in  a  letter 
addressed  to  the  Illinois  State  Board  of  Agriculture  the  aban- 
donment in  the  Fat  Stock  Show  of  all  classes  over  two  years, 
and  the  following  year,  in  proof  of  his  theory,  fed  and  exhibited 
at  that  show  the  two-year-old  crossbred  steer  Plush  that  won 
not  only  the  two-year-old  prize,  but  sweepstakes  on  the  block." 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  .  573 

had  been  made  champion  female  in  the  Hereford 
association  specials  at  the  Iowa  show  under  the 
judgment  of  "Willie"  Watson;  Gosling  now  dec-' 
orated  her  with  the  blue  badge  of  superiority  in  an 
exceptionally  fine  class  of  heifers.  Mabel  was  sec- 
ond. There  were  onlookers,  however,  who  would 
have  preferred  her  for  first,  among  these  being  Mr. 
Culbertson,  who  insisted  that  she  was  the  best  Here- 
ford female  of  any  age  on  exhibition. 

Col.  W.  A.  Harris,  whose  great  herd  of  Scotch- 
bred  Shorthorns  at  Linwood,  Kans.,  had  by  this 
time  come  to  rank  as  the  best  of  that  breed  in 
America,  was  recognized  on  all  hands  as  one  of  the 
soundest  judges  of  beef  cattle  in  the  west,  and  it 
was  under  his  examination  at  Lincoln  that  Earl  of 
Shadeland  30th  was  made  champion  Hereford  bull, 
and  Polly  Pink  champion  over  all  females.  Messrs. 
Harris  and  Gosling  tied  the  ribbons  in  the  open 
championships,  the  first  herd  prize  going  to  Wil- 
liams &  Householder's  Shorthorns  and  the  second 
to  the  Elmendorf  Herefords.  Vincent  was  made 
champion  bull  and  the  famous  Shorthorn  show  cow 
Fall  Creek  Eose  was  preferred  to  Polly  Pink  for  the 
female  championship  of  the  yard. 

At  the  Topeka  fair  Elmendorf,  Makin  and  Day 
had  it  out  again.  Vincent  and  Earl  of  Shadeland 
30th  won  their  ribbons  as  usual.  Mayflower  4th  was 
restored  to  her  Des  Moines  position  as  head  of  the 
cow  class.  Elena  10th  won  again  in  her  division,  as 
did  May  Fowler  among  the  yearlings. 

East    of   the    Mississippi    River    Clark,    Henry, 


574  •        A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Clongh  and  George  0.  Holcomb  &  Son  of  Troy,  Pa., 
shipped  show  cattle  to  a  special  event  at  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.,  where  they  were  joined  by  J.  S.  Northrup  of 
Westfield,  N.  Y.  The  latter  beat  Cedric  in  the  aged 
bull  class  with  Valiant  25071,  bred  by  Clough  and 
sired  by  his  imported  The  Grove  3d  bull  Alexander 
9821.  Holcomb  was  second  in  two-year-olds  with 
the  Garfield  bull  Earl  of  Shadeland  24th  30721,  de- 
feating Clark's  Anxiety  Wilton  30272.  Peerless  3d 
headed  the  cows  and  her  stable  companion,  Horatia 
3d,  was  best  two-year-old  heifer.  Clark  won  the 
herd  prize,  and  that  for  get  of  bull. 

There  was  also  a  good  show  at  Detroit  this  same 
year,  where  Mr.  Clough  and  R.  G.  Hart  of  LaPeer, 
Mich.,  submitted  Hereford  entries  to  Mr.  Van- 
Natta's  judgment.  Clough 's  herd  was  in  best  form, 
and  with  Sylvester  at  the  head  gained  most  of  the 
honors.  On  account  of  these  new  shows  the  Indiana 
State  Fair  of  1889  had  neither  Hereford  nor  Aber- 
deen-Angus entries. 

Clark's  " Clean-Up"  at  Peoria.— The  Illinois 
State  Fair  of  1889  was  held  at  Peoria.  The  Here- 
ford show  was  not  large,  consisting  of  but  36  head, 
entered  by  Clark,  Elmendorf,  Henry,  Ponting,  W.  J. 
Lewis  and  Frank  Crane.  Ponting 's  Defiance  won  in 
the  first  class  shown,  Lewis  receiving  second  on 
Quantrille  10774,  son  of  Clark's  Anxiety  3d.  Earl 
of  Shadeland  30th  beat  Anxiety  Wilton  (son  of 
Peerless)  and  Crane's  Emerson,  the  latter  by  that 
very  excellent  stock  bull  Grimley.  In  two-year-olds 
Henry  was  first  with  Caractacus  Wilton,  son  of  his 


G.  AC  Cos  o rove 


576  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

old  show  bull  Caractacus  that  had  meantime  been 
sold  for  export  to  South  America. 

In  aged  cows  Elmendorf 's  Etiquette,  by  Anxiety 
6th  out  of  Flirt  by  Kodney,  wore  the  blue.  In 
three-year-olds  Peerless  3d  beat  Polly  Pink,  and  in 
two-year-olds  Clark  won  again,  this  time  with  Hor- 
atia  3d  by  Anxiety  3d.  There  was  no  denying  the 
blue  among  the  yearlings  to  the  same  exhibitor,  the 
prize  falling  to  Cora  Belle,  a  heifer  that  had  been 
bred  by  Mr.  Clark's  neighbor,  McEldowney,  from 
Peerless  Wilton  and  Crystal  Belle  by  Cedric.  Just 
by  way  of  "rubbing  in"  his  skill  at  the  game  Clark 
walked  off  with  the  second  prize  on  Lottie  by 
Anxiety  3d.  May  Fowler  was  unplaced.  When  on 
top  of  all  this  Clark's  Horatia  4th  headed  the  heifer 
calves,  his  cup  was  full  and  running  over.  The 
Hereford  association  specials  for  best  bull  and  best 
female  were  sent  by  the  judgment  of  Mr.  Gosling 
to  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th  and  Peerless  3d. 

Cherry  Boy  Champion. — The  persistency  with 
which  Fowler  &  VanNatta,  Adams  Earl  and  Thomas- 
Clark  followed  the  great  shows  of  the  period  under 
review  was  one  of  the  most  interesting  phases  of 
this  era  in  Hereford  progress  in  the  United  States. 
Fowler  &  VanNatta  banked  specially  on  the  prac- 
tical every-day  character  of  the  descendants  of  Treg- 
rehan.  With  ample  bone,  massive  girth,  heavy  quar- 
ters and  general  show  of  constitution,  the  VanNatta 
cattle  appealed  always  to  those  who  had  in  mind 
the  exacting  requirements  of  the  farm,  feedlot  and 
the  open  ranges  of  the  west,  The  Shadeland  stock 


SOME  BOUSING  DEMONSTRATIONS  577 

undoubtedly  displayed  superior  refinement.  Neat 
heads  and  horns,  fore-and-aft  finish,  quality  and 
Wilton  character  distinguished  most  of  Mr.  Earl's 
well  kept  cattle.  Mr.  Clark,  with  less  capital  to 
back  his  work,  applied  his  practical  knowledge  with 
extraordinary  success  to  his  Anxiety-Peerless  com- 
bination, and  year  in  and  year  out  he  held  his  own 
with  marked  success  against  all  competition  with 
thick  smooth-fleshed  cattle  of  his  own  breeding  and 
feeding,  coming  back  with  unfailing  regularity  to 
challenge  all  America. 

The  first  tilts  of  the  interesting  campaign  of  1890 
developed  the  fact  that  the  Clark  and  Van- 
Natta  herds,  contrary  to  their  usual  custom,  had 
journeyed  westward  to  try  conclusions  with  the 
trans-Mississippi  country.  These  were  days  of  in- 
tense interest  to  all  who  were  following  the  fortunes 
of  the  " white  faces' ';  the  excitement  attaching  to 
the  annual  competitions  attained  unusual  heights  in 
the  autumn  of  1890  because  the  giants  of  the  eastern 
circuit  went  out  of  their  way  to  cross  swords  with 
their  brethren  of  the  west.  Nothing  could  better 
illustrate  this  than  the  painstaking  character  of  the 
reports  made  by  the  press  at  the  time.  It  all  seems 
like  a  dream  at  this  distance,  but  as  the  author  re- 
calls the  subjoined  notes  on  the  Hereford  class  at 
Des  Moines,  written  from  personal  observation  at 
the  time,  it  is  but  yesterday.  John  Gr.  Imboden  was 
the  judge. 

"The  ring  for  aged  bulls  brought  out  Mr.  Van- 
Natta's  Cherry  Boy  26495,  Mr.  Yeoman's  Beau  Real 


578  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

3d  30769,  Makin  Bros.'  Vincent  16691,  and  Elmen- 
dorf  s  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th  30725.  The  Indiana 
bull  possesses  much  of  the  same  character  that  has 
carried  his  famous  sire  Fowler  12899  to  victory  in 
many  a  hard-fought  field — great  show  of  constitu- 
tion, a  wide  deep  chest,  broad  chine,  well  sprung 
rib,  and  an  abundance  of  firm  flesh,  standing  square- 
ly on  his  pins,  moving  with  remarkable  freedom  of 
action,  and  showing  a  head  and  horn  of  most  attrac- 
tive character.  He  scarcely  has  the  scale  of  his  sire, 
but  has  size  sufficient  and  is  of  that  commanding 
presence  which  never  fails  to  impress.  He  was 
selected  by  the  judge,  after  an  examination  of  un- 
usual thoroughness,  to  head  the  class.  He  has  for 
dam  Cherry  Pie  2d  17849  by  Horatius  7163.  A 
second  was  found  in  the  first-prize  winner  of  this 
same  ring  a  year  ago — Makin  Bros/  Vincent,  by 
Sir  Evelyn  9650,  as  wide,  thick  and  low  as  ever,  his 
quarters  of  exceptional  weight,  but  lacking  of  course 
the  exceeding  freshness  of  Mr.  VanNatta's  active, 
yet  heavy,  bull.  Mr.  Yeomans  had  hoped  to  get 
much  further  forward  with  his  great  son  of  Beau 
Eeal  than  third,  and  with  a  breeder  instead  of  a 
butcher  upon  the  bench  his  chances  for  preferment 
would  certainly  have  been  exceedingly  bright;  but 
the  bull  was  finally  relegated  to  a  lower  rank  on 
account  of  a  lack  of  firmness  in  his  flesh — an  unpar- 
donable fault  of  course  under  the  hand  of  the  ex- 
perienced buyer  for  the  block.  As  to  his  depth 
and  even  disposition  of  meat  throughout  the  carcass 
there  can  be  no  exceptions  taken,  and  he  shows  a 
loin  and  covering  over  the  hips  that  reveal  clearly 
the  impress  of  his  wonderful  sire.  He  comes  of  the 
same  family  of  cows  as  did  Sergeant  Major  and  his 
dam  was  a  daughter  of  'the  mighty  Budolph.'  Three 
years  ago  upon  the  same  spot  in  a  close  contest 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  579 

Beau  Eeal  himself  had  met  and  vanquished  Fowler, 
and  the  revenge  wreaked  last  week  by  the  son  of  the 
defeated  bull  over  the  progeny  of  the  victor  upon 
the  former  occasion  will  be  cited  as  affording  fresh 
proof  of  the  proposition  that  'all  things  come  to 
those  who  wait/ 

"In  two-year-olds  Day  scored  with  Cameo,  a  son 
of  Beau  Real,  remarkably  mellow  and  deep  in  his 
covering.  The  VanNatta  herd  supplied  the  yearling 
winner,  Rare  Boy  by  Cherry  Boy  out  of  Rarity  by 
Assurance,  a  sturdily  built,  well  grown  and  level- 
fleshed  young  bull  and,  like  all  the  Tregrehans,  ac- 
tive as  a  cat. 

"The  aged  cow  class  was  a  strong  one,  and  was 
deservedly  headed  by  Harry  Yeomans'  Flora,  by 
Godolphin,  a  grand  big  yellow  quality  cow,  with  a 
top  of  the  rarest  sort,  and  a  fine  cow  calf  at  foot  by 
Bellman.  The  purchase  of  this  great-backed  cow 
at  Mr.  Fowler's  Nebraska  sale,  in  thin  condition  at 
an  absurdly  low  price,  and  the  honors  reaped  by 
her  at  this  show,  afford  striking  illustration  of  the 
opportunities  often  presented  by  these  dull  times  in 
cattle  for  good  judges  to  make  capital  investments. 
Bought  for  a  song  because  not  sold  in  show  fix,  she 
has  easily  developed,  under  the  skillful  hand  of  Mr. 
Yeomans,  into  the  best  Hereford  cow  seen  at  this 
exhibition.  The  same  owner  had  forward  the  Pont- 
ing-bred  Moweaqua  Lass,  by  Defiance,  a  gem  of  a 
cow  with  a  world  of  flesh  carried  near  to  the  ground. 
Mr.  Elmendorf  was  represented  by  the  well  known 
Anxiety  cows  Flossie  and  Horatia  3d,  but  the  former 
should  have  been  left  in  pasture.  It  is  unfortunate 
that  a  cow  that  had  been  almost  invincible  in  her 
bloom  should  be  forced  into  the  fighting  after  all 
her  prospects  of  winning  have  long  since  'gone 
glimmering.'  Flossie  had  served  her  time. 


580  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

"In  two-year-old  heifers  Elmendorf  was  placed 
first  with  Lily  by  Autocrat,  VanNatta  second  with 
Jessie  by  Fowler,  and  Day  third  with  Mabel  by  Sir 
Evelyn  2d.  No  decision  of  the  week  created  more 
discussion  than  this,  and  it  is  not  likely  that  any 
large  number  of  people  could  agree  as  to  how  the 
heifers  should  be  ranked.  Many  thought  Mabel  en- 
titled to  head  the  class  on  account  of  her  great  sub- 
stance, evenness  and  quantity  of  flesh,  and  superior 
quarters,  but  Mr.  Imboden  faulted  her  forward  as 
being  too  open  at  the  top  of  the  shoulder-blades. 
Lily  was  certainly  more  thoroughly  feminine  in  her 
forequarters,  her  blades  being  nicely  laid.  Though 
not  so  strong  behind  as  Mabel,  she  was  rather  neater 
in  her  bone,  and  while  perhaps  a  bit  hollow  in  her 
loin,  showed  neither  the  dimple  of  Jessie  in  her 
back  nor  the  slight,  very  slight,  disposition  to  droop 
in  the  middle  seen  in  Mabel.  After  selecting  Lily, 
for  the  reasons  named,  for  first,  Mr.  Imboden  hesi- 
tated long  between  Jessie  and  Mabel  for  second. 
He  recognized  the  strength  of  Mr.  Day's  fine  heifer 
and  evidently  disliked  to  set  her  so  low  in  the  list, 
but  he  regarded  the  open  crops  as  sufficient  in  the 
case  of  a  breeding  female  to  warrant  him  in  scaling 
her  down  to  third.  The  VanNatta  heifer  that 
stepped  into  second  has  the  same  broad  chine  and 
good  rib  seen  in  all  the  members  of  the  Indiana  herd. 

1 1  In  the  yearling  ring  six  of  the  twelve  head  shown 
were  superlatively  good,  viz. :  Elmendorf 's  Dazzle 
and  Tottie,  VanNatta 's  Gipsy  Girl,  Makins'  Geneve, 
Yeomans'  Melody  19th,  and  Cosgrove's  Wilton  Le 
Sueuress  43d.  Mr.  Yeomans'  Washington  twins, 
Fair  Maid  and  Maiden  Fair,  were  also  heifers  of 
fine  promise,  but  the  company  was  'fast.'  Mr.  Im- 
boden worked  faithfully  upon  the  shapely  six  and 
finally  drew  the  Elmendorf  entries  for  first  and 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  581 

second  and  Makin  Bros. '  Geneve  for  third.  Dazzle, 
the  blue  ribbon  heifer,  is  a  granddaughter  of  Mr. 
Parmelee's  Sir  Garnet,  and  is  well  grown,  good 
backed,  and  level-quartered.  Tottie  by  Saracen,  the 
second-prize  winner,  is  a  remarkably  thick-loined 
low-leg-ged  heifer  with  a  fine  coat.  She  might  be  a 
little  nicer  in  her  touch,  however,  and  is  a  bit  rough 
at  the  tailhead.  Geneve  (the  unbeaten  calf  of  1889), 
by  Duke  of  Hesse,  a  son  of  Caractacus,  has  made  a 
decidedly  meaty  yearling,  but  has  a  trace  of  un- 
evenness  in  her  flesh.  Mr.  VanNatta's  Gipsy  Girl 
is  by  Blondin,  a  son  of  Sidney  (he  by  Sir  Bartle 
Frere  out  of  the  great  cow  Lark  and  now  at  the 
head  of  Hon.  James  M.  Turner's  herd),  and  is  an 
elegant  heifer,  though  lacking  the  age  of  some  of  her 
rivals. 

"One  of  the  prettiest  shows  of  the  week  was  the 
line  of  twelve  snappy  white-faced  heifer  calves. 
Early  maturity  was  written  all  over  them,  from 
their  broad  heads  and  protruding  neck-veins  to  their 
well  covered  rumps,  but  VanNatta's  big  level 
Nancy,  by  Lord  Fowler,  was  scarcely  to  be  denied 
premier  place.  She  is  a  good  bodied  calf  with  fine 
back  and  full  lines  all  around.  The  Iowa  Hereford 
Cattle  Company's  Maiden  Fair  2d  by  Washington,  a 
smoothly  covered  seven-months  calf,  made  a  good 
second,  and  Cosgrove's  Wiltona  15th,  by  Wild  Eyes, 
a  tidy  level  lassie,  claimed  the  third.  Makin  Bros.' 
Minerva  2d,  by  Don  Carlos  from  an  Anxiety  4th 
dam,  a  good  fleshed,  yellow  red,  was  ' blanked.'  " 

The  male  championship  of  the  class  developed  an 
interesting  duel  between  Cherry  Boy,  the  first-prize 
aged  bull,  on  the  one  side  and  Mr.  Day 's  blue  ribbon 
two-year-old  Cameo  on  the  other.  It  certainly  is  a 
high  tribute  to  old  Beau  Eeal  to  record  that  with' 


582  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

but  two  of  his  get  on  exhibition  at  this  fair  each  in 
turn  was  found  richly  enough  furnished  to  give  the 
showy  son  of  Fowler  a  hard  wrestle  for  his  honors. 
In  females  there  was  delay  in  adjusting  the  rela- 
tive claims  of  the  Yeomans  cow  and  the  Day  and 
Elmendorf  heifers,  but  the  matured  animal  showed 
too  much  spread  of  top  for  her  younger  adversaries 
and  received  the  ballot  for  best  Hereford  female. 

At  Lincoln,  with  Mr.  Gosling  on  the  bench,  Vin- 
cent was  the  winner  over  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th, 
Beau  Real  3d,  and  Star  Wilton  4th,  second  place 
being  assigned  to  the  son  of  Beau  Real.  Mr.  Gosling 
had  never  altogether  shared  in  the  popular  esti- 
mate of  the  Elmendorf  entry.  Cameo  was  the  only 
two-year-old  on  exhibition.  Makings  Good  Luck  was 
first  in  the  yearlings,  and  Mr.  Havens  drew  the  blue 
in  the  bull  calf  class  with  a  son  of  Star  Wilton  4th 
out  of  a  The  Grove  3d  mother,  shown  at  nine 
months  and  after  this  victory  sold  to  Mr.  Sears. 

Flora  was  again  first  in  the  aged  cow  class,  and 
Elmendorf  was  second  with  Horatia  3d.  In  two- 
year-olds  Mabel  was  chosen,  being  preferred  upon 
this  ocasion  to  Lily.  Mr.  Havens  won  a  prize  at 
this  show  for  get  of  sire  on  four  richly  furnished 
calves  by  Star  Wilton  4th. 

At  Topeka  on  the  following  week  Vincent  was 
again  preferred  to  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th.  Elmen- 
dorf had  both  prizes  in  the  cow  class,  and  Lily  was 
given  the  premier  place  among  the  two-year-olds, 
although  later,  in  the  competition  for  a  Hereford 
association  special,  Horatia  3d  was  placed  above  her. 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  583 

Messrs.  Clark  and  Fowler  &  YanNatta  had 
snipped  their  herds  from  Des  Moines  to  Hamline, 
where  they  met  local  Minnesota  competition,  fur- 
nished mainly  by  the  Cosgrove  Co.  Cherry  Boy  de- 
feated Peerless  Wilton,  no  two-year-olds  were  shown, 
and  in  yearlings  Mr.  VanNatta  had  first  on  Rare 
Boy.  In  the  cow  class  Peerless  3d  received  first, 
with  YanNatta 's  Celandine  second.  Peerless  3d 
was  shown  this  year  at  a  weight  of  1,750  pounds. 
Celandine  was  the  dam  of  Chicago,  a  promising  bull 
calf  even  then  in  training  for  the  forthcoming 
World's  Columbian  Exposition.  In  two-year-old 
heifers  Mr.  VanNatta 's  Jessie,  by  Fowler,  was  the 
victor,  and  among  the  yearlings  Clark  was  first  with 
Horatia  4th,  own  sister  to  Horatia  3d. 

The  Eastern  Circuit  of  1890.— The  shows  east 
of  the  Mississippi  commenced  this  year  at  Detroit, 
where  Merrill  &  Fifield,  Sotham  &  Stickneys,  James 
M.  Turner  and  R.  G.  Hart  put  up  an  interesting 
fight.  In  aged  bulls  Mr.  Turner's  Sidney  16574,  by 
Sir  Bartle  Frere  out  of  Mr.  YanNatta 's  show  cow 
Lark  by  Rodney,  was  sent  to  the  front,  the  second 
ribbon  being  placed  on  Sotham  &  Stickneys'  Per- 
fection 30079,  a  deep-fleshed  and  attractive  son  of 
Sir  Wilfred  out  of  Lemon  2d  by  The  Grove  3d.  His 
owners  exhibited  at  this  same  show  the  more  highly 
fitted  bull  Harold  21141,  that  had  been  shown  so 
successfully  since  a  yearling  as  a  member  of  the 
Curry  herd,  and  expected  to  win  with  him.  This 
was  in  fact  his  first  defeat. 

In  the  cow  class  Merrill  &  Fifield  had  a  popular 


584  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

first  in  their  beautiful  Lovely  2d  21977,  as  yet  un- 
beaten. In  a  class  of  nine  two-year-old  heifers  Soth- 
am  &  Stickneys  were  first  with  Miss  Archibald  A  2d, 
daughter  of  the  young  bull  Archibald  A,  previously 
alluded  to  in  these  notes,  that  had  in  the  meantime 
been  exported  to  South  America.  In  yearling  heif- 
ers Sotham  &  Stickneys  had  first  on  Purity,  second 
on  Mystic  and  third  on  Gay  Lady.  The  herd  prize 
and  the  bull-with-two-of-his-get  ribbon  both  went  to 
Merrill  &  Fifield.  These  same  herds  came  together 
again  at  the  Michigan  State  Fair  on  the  following 
week  with  somewhat  varying  results,  the  herd  prize 
falling  to  Sotham  &  Stickneys. 

At  Columbus  there  was  a  very  light  show  in  1890, 
Sotham  &  Stickneys  and  Elijah  Field,  Camden,  0., 
being  the  only  exhibitors.  While  the  Sotham  & 
Stickneys  cattle  were  not  seen  further  in  this  sea- 
son's circuit,  this  year  marked  the  beginning  of  a 
long  series  of  exhibits  on  both  eastern  and  western 
circuits  by  Mr.  Sotham,  who  set  out  to  devote  his 
energies  largely  to  the  refinement  of  the  Hereford 
type,  more  particularly  in  respect  to  head  and  horn. 
We  shall  meet  him  again. 

At  the  Wisconsin  State  Fair  in  Milwaukee  Thomas 
Clark  and  the  Cosgrove  herd  came  down  from  Ham- 
line,  and  were  met  by  the  herd  of  J.  J.  Williams,  the 
Clark  cattle  receiving  most  of  the  first  and  champ- 
ionship awards. 

There  was  little  doing  at  the  Indiana  State  Fair 
of  1890  in  the  Hereford  class,  exhibits  being  made 
only  by  two  local  firms  with  no  special  pretensions 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  585 

so  far  as  showy ard  fitting  was  concerned.  These 
were  the  herds  of  Parkhurst  &  Son  and  G.  W.  Har- 
ness &  Son.  Messrs.  Harness  had  first  in  the  aged 
bull  class  with  Oregon,  sired  by  Careful  out  of  a 
Prince  Edward  2d  cow.  This  bull  had  formerly  been 
in  service  in  the  herd  of  Seabury  &  Sample.  The 
Parkhursts  showed  the  Garfield  bull,  Earl  of 
Shadeland  20th,  in  breeding  condition,  receiving  sec- 
ond prize.  The  Messrs.  Harness  had  first  in  the 
two-year-olds  on  Earl  of  Shadeland  41st.  Park- 
hursts  had  first  in  aged  cows  with  Elzina,  and 
Messrs.  Harness  second  with  Perfection,  a  daughter 
of  old  Borneo. 

At  the  Illinois  State  Fair  Cherry  Boy  had  a  walk- 
over again,  defeating  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th  and 
Peerless  Wilton.  Mr.  Earl  received  first  in  two- 
year-olds  on  Earl  of  Shadeland  47th,  by  Garfield  out 
of  a  Sir  Bartle  Frere  dam,  broad  at  the  chine,  with 
a  good  head  and  well  sprung  in  the  rib.  VanNatta 
had  second  on  a  low-legged  bull  of  good  scale  called 
Armour  36916,  by  Blondin  out  of  Fancy  Arrow  2d. 
Eare  Boy  was  first  in  yearlings,  and  Earl  Wilton 
36th  was  second.  Mr.  Earl's  Captain  Grove  by 
Earl  Grove  4th  out  of  Cordelia  by  Colorado,  a  rich, 
low-bodied,  strong-backed,  wide-headed  calf,  was 
first  among  bull  calves;  he  was  then  sold  to  Capt. 
Scarlett,  who  had  some  time  before  succeeded  Mr. 
Yeomans  in  charge  of  the  herd  of  the  Iowa  Here- 
ford Cattle  Co.  and  was  now  managing  a  new  Iowa 
enterprise. 

Mr.  J.  B.  Camp,  of  Harristown,  was  the  judge 


586  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

upon  this  occasion,  and  in  the  Hereford  .cow  class 
created  some  consternation  by  sending  the  blue  to 
Elmendorf  's  Etiquette  11247,  an  extra  good  cow  by 
Anxiety  6th,  but  now  wanting  in  bloom.  Peerless  3d, 
that  stood  second,  was  the  almost  unanimous  choice 
of  the  spectators  for  the  head  of  the  line.  She  was 
at  this  time  a  show  cow  of  the  best  type,  with  nobly 
arched  ribs  thrown  well  down,  thick  fore-roasts,  and 
full  loins.  Elmendorf 's  Lily  headed  the  two-year- 
olds,  Mr.  Clark's  Bess  standing  second. 

Nothing  more  attractive  than  a  line  of  well  fitted 
Hereford  heifers  is  ever  seen  in  our  western  show- 
yards,  and  the  15  yearlings  at  Peoria  this  year  ex- 
cited universal  admiration.  Mr.  EarPs  Shadeland 
Cora,  by  Earl  of  Shadeland  22d  out  of  a  Colorado 
dam,  drew  the  blue,  with  Elmendorf 's  Tottie  slated 
for  the  red.  Next  came  nine  beautiful  calves,  the 
honor  falling  again  to  Shadeland,  this  time  on  Shade- 
land  Fairy,  also  by  Earl  of  Shadeland  22d— a  calf 
with  exceptional  rib,  full  of  flesh  and  hair,  decidedly 
superior  along  back  and  loin.  Her  weak  point  was 
her  quarters.  Clark  was  second  on  Plum,  one  of  the 
best  calves  of  any  breed  out  this  season,  a  daughter 
of  Peerless  Wilton  out  of  Peerless  3d.  Senator 
Harris  was  called  in  to  award  the  group  and  champ- 
ionship prizes.  He  ranked  VanNatta's  herd  first 
and  made  Cherry  Boy  champion  bull.  The  class 
decision  on  cows  was  reversed,  Peerless  3d  being 
adjudged  best  Hereford  female  in  the  showyard. 
The  prize  for  best  four  animals  under  four  years 
the  get  of  one  sire  drew  out  a  strong  display,  rep- 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  587 

resenting  the  progeny  of  Peerless  Wilton,  Earl  of 
Shadeland  22d,  Defiance  and  Grimley,  the  Peerless 
Wiltons  winning  out,  with  the  Ponting  cattle  second. 
The  Shows  of  1891. — On  the  western  circuit  a 
new  Richmond  now  entered  the  field — Thomas 
Higgins  of  Council  Grove,  Kans.,  who  had  collected 
a  valuable  lot  of  both  breeding  and  show  cattle, 
purchasing  among  other  celebrities  Cherry  Boy.* 

"John  Steward  prepared  for  the  author  about  this  date  the 
appended  sketch  of  Cherry  Boy  which  is  deemed  worthy  of  per- 
manent preservation  in  these  pages: 

"Cherry  Boy  was  calved  April  5,  1886,  so  is  now  in  his  four- 
teenth year.  His  dam  was  imported  Cherry  Pie  2d  17849,  bred 
by  Mr.  Stephen  Robinson,  sired  by  Horatius,  one  of  old  Horace's 
best  sons,  second  dam  Cherry  Pie,  by  Docklow,  by  Above  All,  bred 
by  Mr.  J.  Hewer  and  tracing-  back  through  this  Cherry  Pie  fam- 
ily to  Sir  Thomas  and  Sir  Benjamin.  Cherry  Pie  2d  was  a  me- 
dium-sized cow  with  an  extra  fine  head,  a  splendid  coat  of  hair, 
and  altogether  showed  much  breed  character.  She  was  a  good 
breeder,  having  produced  to  the  service  of  Fowler  not  only 
Cherry  Boy,  but  Cherry  Lad,  many  years  used  by  Mr.  Ohl,  Iowa 
City,  la.,  and  Cherry  Girl,  Mr.  J.  M.  Curtice's  fine  breeding  cow. 
I  mention  these  last  two  animals  to  show  Cherry  Boy  was  no 
freak,  but  the  result  of  mating  two  good  individuals  backed  up 
by  a  long  line  of  well  bred  prize-winning  ancestors  on  both 
sides.  While  here  I  will  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  Cherry 
Boy  and  Fowler  were  both  spring  and  early  summer  calves;  this 
is  worth  noticing,  for  while  most  breeders  mate  their  animals 
to  have  them  produce  calves  in  late  fall  and  early  winter,  and 
so  have  long  ages  for  the  show  calves,  I  could  mention  many 
instances  where  the  best  calf  of  a  season's  crop  was  dropped  in 
the  spring  or  summer. 

"Cherry  Boy  did  not  have  special  care  or  handling  until  over  a 
year  old,  which  proved  to  be  a  mistake.  As  he  was  a  high- 
strung  nervy  fellow,  it  took  considerable  time  and  patience  to 
get  him  used  to  handling  for  the  showring.  He  was  from  the 
start  a  great  feeder  and  had  a  good  milking  mother,  which  very 
essential  trait  has  been  transmitted  to  the  majority  of  his  daugh- 
ters. Any  one  who  has  seen  him  after  studying  the  make-up  of 
a  beef  animal,  noticing  the  masculine  head,  strong  jaw  and 
extra  wide  muzzle,  could  tell  he  was  a  feeder.  Add  to  this  his 
graceful  drooping  horn  and  large  full  eye,  his  round,  well  bal- 
anced body,  on  straight  short  legs,  wide  deep  chest,  extra  full- 
ness through  crops  and  heartgirth,  an  oval  padded  loin,  smoothly 
laid-in  hips,  full  thigh,  bulging  twist,  deep  rich  dark-red-colored 
coat  of  curly  hair,  and  lordly  carriage,  and  the  majority  of  breed- 
ers would  esteem  him  as  an  impressive  sire.  He  was  a  bull  all 
over,  proud  as  a  peacock,  active  as  a  kitten;  he  needed  neither 
whip  nor  prod  to  shape  himself  for  inspection.  I  saw  him  in  the 
paddocks  a  few  weeks  since,  and  while  four  years  had  passed 
since  I  cared  for  and  fed  him,  he  recognized  my  voice  and  was  on 
dress  parade  immediately.  Although  of  course  only  the  shadow 
of  his  former  self,  there  was  still  the  same  proud  bearing,  or 
what  we  used  to  call  Cherry  Boy  'get-up,'  which  he  always  had 
and  which  marked  attractive  showy  appearance  he  has  trans- 
mitted to  all  his  offspring.  In  a  recent  conversation  with  his 


588  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

With  this  son  of  Fowler  at  the  head  of  his  line  Mr. 
Higgins  made  his  initial  show  at  Des  Moines. 
Cherry  Boy  had  beaten  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th 
twelve  months  previous,  but  now  the  tables  were 
turned.  The  son  of  Garfield  in  the  capable  hands 
of  George  Mason  had  put  on  a  lot  of  flesh  which 
was  still  smoothly  carried,  whereas  Cherry  Boy 
came  back  after  a  heavy  season's  service  with  some 
loss  of  bloom.  The  mellow-fleshed  Cameo  came 
along  third,  and  as  usual  delighted  the  hands  and 
eyes  of  good  feeders.  Cosgrove  pulled  the  blue  in 
two-year-olds  with  Wildy  15th,  by  Wild  Eyes  out  of 
the  big  cow  Bonnyface  by  Rudolph.  He  was  shown 
at  a  weight  of  1,665  pounds.  John  Gosling  ex- 
hibited a  few  good  cattle  this  season,  from  his  place 
at  Eockford,  111.,  and  contested  with  "Ned"  Scar- 


owner  I  was  told  it  is  the  same  now  as  it  used  to  be  when  I  had 
charge  of  the  herd — the  visitor  or  prospective  buyer,  nine  times 
out  of  ten,  selects  a  Cherry  Boy  whether  it  be  in  stall  or  pasture. 
"Of  his  many  showyard  victories  I  shall  only  mention  the 
championship  at  the  Iowa  State  Fair  in  1890,  and  at  the  Illinois 
State  Fair  at  Peoria,  where  he  was  champion  of  his  breed  and 
tied  the  Shorthorn  champion  Young  Abbotsburn  for  sweepstakes. 
While  fitted  for  the  showring  several  years  in  succession,  he  was 
always  a  very  sure  breeder,  and  I  believe  has  as  many  calves 
recorded  to  his  credit  in  the  Hereford  record  as  any  bull  of  the 
breed.  Nearly,  if  not  quite,  300,  with  still  some  more  to  register, 
makes  his  record  as  a  breeder  remarkable.  Not  all  of  these 
calves  were  bred  at  Hickory  Grove,  as  in  the  spring  of  '91  Mr. 
Thomas  Higgins,  of  Council  Grove,  Kans.,  fell  in  love  with 
Cherry  Boy  (then  in  his  very  best  form)  and  after  considerable 
parleying,  purchasing  a  carload  of  females  and  paying  $1,200  for 
him,  took  him  down  to  Kansas,  where  for  two  years  he  did  very 
heavy  service. 

"In  the  spring  of  1893,  while  preparing  an  exhibit  for  the 
World's  Fair,  the  bull  we  intended  heading  the  show  herd  met 
with  an  accident  which  knocked  him  out,  and  as  Mr.  Higgins,  on 
account  of  ill  health,  had  by  this  time  disposed  of  his  entire 
herd  to  Mr.  Anthony,  Mr.  VanNatta  started  me  on  a  trip  to  Coun- 
cil Grove,  with  the  result  that  when  I  returned  to  Hickory  Grove 
Cherry  Boy  came  back  with  me.  At  that  time  he  was  seven  years 
old  and  owing  to  long  continued  heavy  service  and  climatic 
changes  we  failed  to  have  him  in  his  old-time  form  and  place  at 
the  Columbian;  he  stood  at  the  head  of  the  second-prize  herd 
there,  his  yearling  daughter  Cherry  Lass  being  one  of  the  group. 

"Of  a  few  of  the  great  number  of  his  prize-winning  sons  and 
daughters  I  shall  make  brief  mention:  Cherry  Boy  2d,  sweep- 


SOME  ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  589 

lett  for  the  red  ribbon  in  this  class.  Mr.  Stocking 
sent  that  trophy,  however,  to  Scarlett's  Mountain 
Dew  by  Washington.  The  same  exhibitor  had  an 
easy  first  in  the  yearling  ring  in  Captain  Grove, 
first-prize  calf  at  Peoria  a  year  before,  now  devel- 
oping into  a  well  grown,  level  bull.  Elmendorf's 
Crusader,  by  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th,  was  second. 
Cosgrove  was  strong  in  bull  calves,  winning  with 
Wildy  37th  over  Elmendorf  's  St.  Louis,  son  of  the 
famous  Lily. 

In  cows  it  was  Lily  vs.  Mabel  again.  As  three- 
year-olds  they  were  about  as  evenly  balanced  as  they 
were  in  their  two-year-old  form.  It  will  be  remem- 
bered that  Mr.  Imboden  preferred  Lily  and  John 
Gosling  went  to  Mabel  at  the  Des  Moines  and  Lin- 
coln shows  of  1890.  The  result  of  Mr.  Stocking's 
examination  this  year  confirmed  the  Imboden  rat- 
stakes  in  calf  and  yearling  form  at  Illinois  and  Iowa  state  fairs; 
Cherry  Lass  (full  sister  of  last  named,)  and  Wallflower  with 
Cherry  Duchess,  winners  at  Des  Moines  in  1892,  as  all  were  the 
following  year  at  the  Columbian,  Cherry  Lass  afterward  being 
purchased  and  exhibited  by  Mr.  Sotham;  Wallflower  and  Cherry 
Duchess,  purchased  by  Mr.  George  Redhead,  the  last  named  being 
a  winner  in  cow  class  for  him  several  successive  years;  Erma, 
exhibited  by  Mr.  Punkhouser;  Rare  Boy,  Elvira  3d  and  Minnie's 
Cherry,  of  Sunny  Slope  fame;  Columbus,  used  several  years  by 
Mr.  Tom  Ponting  ;  then,  as  recently  as  the  late  Kansas  City  Here- 
ford show,  Lincoln  2d,  Clodia  and  Miss  Betsy  2d  were  all  win- 
ners. To  go  ,on  with  this  list  would  make  too  long  a  story,  or  to 
mention  the  many  valuable  breeding  cows  of  his  get  scattered 
through  most  of  the  prominent  herds  of  the  country,  there  being 
very  few  herds  which  have  not  some  of  the  descendants  of  this 
famed  sire  and  are  proud  of  the  ownership. 

"I  cannot  close  this  article  without  some  brief  mention  of  two 
of  Cherry  Boy's  greatest  sons,  the  steers  Kodack  and  Cherry 
Brandy.  The  former  was  first  in  his  class,  in  the  first  prize 
Hereford  herd,  and  also  a  grand  sweepstakes  herd  at  the  Chicago 
Fat  Stock  Show  in  '91.  Cherry  Brandy  was  sweepstakes  of  the 
breed  at  the  World's  Fair  Fat  Stock  Show  and  also  at  Chicago 
the  following  year,  and  was  conceded  by  all  good  judges  to  have 
been  one  of  the  most  perfect  steers  ever  exhibited.  When  the 
history  of  the  noted  Herefords  of  this  decade  is  written,  who 
will  deny  one  of  the  most  prominent  pages  for  this  grand  old 
bull?  Well  may  any  breeder  be  proud  to  breed  and  bring  out 
two  such  animals  as  old  Fowler  and  his  greatest  son." 


590  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ing,  and  in  the  subsequent  showing  for  the  Here- 
ford specials  Col.  Harris  of  Linwood  passed  a  like 
judgment.  However,  it  was  practically  a  toss-up 
between  the  two.  They  were  a  pair  of  grand  good 
cows  in  any  company.  Lily  showed  rather  more 
finish  and  feminine  character  forward  than  did  Ma- 
bel, and  upon  this  one  point  the  decisions  rested. 
Lily  still  showed  that  trace  of  hollowness  in  her 
loins,  but  her  competitor  was  a  bit  uneven  in  her 
top,  and  did  not  stand  so  well  behind.  Mabel  was  a 
thick  massive  cow,  carrying  a  great  wealth  of  flesh. 
A  good  third  was  found  in  Mr.  Higgins'  Maid  of 
Orleton,  not  large,  but  nicely  covered  and  neat.  The 
same  exhibitor's  Ashton  Beauty,  a  cow  of  marked 
substance,  and  Gosling's  yellow-red  Fantasma,  not 
large,  but  meaty  and  full  of  quality,  were  good  beasts 
unplaced. 

Cosgrove  again  came  to  the  front  in  a  ring  of  six 
two-year-olds,  capturing  first  with  Wiltona  15th  and 
second  with  Wiltona  22d.  Wiltona  15th  was  an  ex- 
ceptionally well  furnished  heifer,  wide,  low  and 
smooth,  although  she  might  have  been  more  re- 
fined about  the  head.  She  was  round  and  well  cov- 
ered, carrying  her  meat  well  down  on  the  rib,  and 
was  an  entirely  satisfactory  first.  Wiltona  22d  was 
a  larger  heifer  but  not  so  evenly  filled,  her  size 
and  weight  bringing  her  the  red.  Elmendorf's 
Tottie,  with  her  nice  head,  good  neck-vein,  and  twist 
well  filled,  drew  third  position.  In  selecting  Mr. 
Day's  growthy  daughter  of  Sir  Evelyn  2d,  May- 
flower, for  premier  honors  among  the  yearlings  a 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  591 

choice  which  many  failed  to  approve  was  made. 
Mr.  Higgins'  Miss  Wilton,  a  rare  thick  Beau  Real 
heifer  out  of  the  celebrated  Lady  Wilton,  named 
for  second  place,  would  have  made  a  more  popular 
winnner.  Elmendorf 's  Hypatia,  by  Peerless  Wil- 
ton, and  a  March  calf,  was  third.  Critics  thought 
that  the  ignoring  of  Scarlett's  good  Washington 
heifer,  Fair  Maiden  2d,  ripe,  tidy,  and  smooth,  but 
at  some  disadvantage  as  to  age,  was  a  palpable 
error.  She  let  down  a  trifle  in  her  back,  but  was  all 
quality.  In  heifer  calves  the  Cosgrove  people  du- 
plicated their  remarkable  record  in  two-year-olds, 
drawing  the  blue  on  Wiltona  31st  and  the  red  on  Wil- 
tona  33d,  Elmendorf  following  with  a  daughter  of 
Earl  of  Shadeland  30th. 

For  the  best  bull  in  the  class  Earl  of  Shadeland 
30th  and  the  yearling  Captain  Grove  were  the  chief 
competitors,  and  the  big  bull  won.  Lily  was  champ- 
ion cow. 

At  the  Lincoln  state  fair  of  1891  James  A.  Funk- 
houser,  Plattsburg,  Mo.,  who  was  soon  to  become 
prominent  as  a  breeder  and  exhibitor  and  who  had 
already  been  elected  President  of  the  Hereford  as- 
sociation, was  called  as  judge.  The  herds  of  Hig- 
gins,  Day  and  Elmendorf  were  before  him,  rein- 
forced by  an  exhibit  made  by  John  S.  Carlyle  of 
Chicago. 

John  S.  Carlyle. — It  is  not  often  that  Scotchmen 
become  enamored  of  the  " white  faces,"  but  Car- 
lyle was  for  years  one  of  their  greatest  admirers. 
He  was  a  grocer  by  trade,  but  made  the  acquaint- 


592  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD  CATTLE 

ance  of  the  early  exhibitors  at  the  Chicago  shows. 
During  the  fairs  and  fat  stock  competition  we  fear 
his  customers  often  wondered  what  had  become  of 
"the  boss".  Mr.  Carlyle  was  a  keen  witted,  close 
student  of  Hereford  character,  and  was  never  hap- 
pier than  when  arguing  with  owners  or  herdsmen 
as  to  the  relative  merits  of  the  cattle  he  so  enthusi- 
astically supported.  At  length  his  ambition  to  be- 
come an  owner,  breeder  and  exhibitor  was  gratified. 
While  still  retaining  his  Chicago  business  he  bought 
a  farm  near  Vesta,  Neb.,  and  made  selections  of 
foundation  stock,  largely  from  Shadeland  and  from 
the  herds  near  Beecher.  While  his  venture  prob- 
ably did  not  prosper  financially,  it  is  doubtful  if  any 
man  ever  lived  who  found  greater  pleasure  than 
John  S.  Carlyle  in  the  companionship  of  good  cat- 
tle. This  much  is  said  concerning  him  because  he 
was  really  one  of  the  characters  developed  by  the 
era  of  which  we  now  speak.  Carlyle  made  a  brave 
fight  at  Lincoln,  and  later  at  the  Illinois  State  Fair, 
against  veteran  showmen,  and  carried  home  prizes 
that  served  him  as  themes  of  conversation  for 
months  afterwards.* 


*Mr.  Carlyle's  Earl  of  Shadeland  12th  was  a  son  of  Garfield  and 
Tiny,  a  low-down,  deep  bodied,  thick  flesh-carrier,  with  good 
head,  good  back  and  loin,  well  filled  at  heart  and  girth,  and  of 
altogether  very  taking  character.  He  was  presented  in  every- 
day breeding  condition  only,  and  consequently  was  "not  in  it" 
with  his  better-fitted  rivals.  His  cow  Crystal  Belle  was  of  the 
same  stamp,  low  to  the  ground,  deep  and  wide,  thick  in  her  flesh 
and  sweet  in  her  general  appearance.  She  was  a  seven-year-old 
daughter  of  Cedric  by  The  Grove  3d,  and  was  the  dam  of  Clara 
Belle,  the  blue-ribbon  winner  at  Peoria  in  1889.  For  two-year- 
olds  Mr.  Carlyle  showed  Eletta  2d,  by  Peerless  Wilton  out  of  an 
Anxiety  cow,  and  Princess  Louise  5th,  by  Cedric  out  of  a  daugh- 
ter of  Lord  Wilton.  This  latter  heifer  was  nicely  conditioned, 
with  a  pretty  head  and  neck,  extra  back  and  well  filled  loin,  with 
ribs  richly  and  evenly  covered,  and  an  extra  good  hindquarter. 
The  plums  of  this  string  of  cattle,  however,  were  the  yearlings 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  593 

Cherry  Boy  was  preferred  by  Mr.  Funkhouser  to 
Earl  of  Shadeland  30th,  and  Cameo  came  third. 
Crusader  was  first  in  yearlings  and  Carlyle  had 
first  on  his  bull  calf  Bobbie  Burns  over  St.  Louis. 
Lily  was  moved  up  above  Mabel  in  cows.  Carly]e 
had  first  and  fourth  in  two-year-olds  on  Princess 
Louise  5th  by  Cedric  and  Eletta  2d  by  Peerless 
Wilton.  Tottie  was  second.  In  yearlings  Carlyle 
had  the  great  satisfaction  of  winning  with  Favor- 
ite by  Anxiety  3d,  one  of  the  most  charming  heifers 
of  the  old  bull's  get.  In  calves  Elmendorf  had 
first  on  Blue  Belle  and  Carlyle  second  on  Annie 
Laurie.  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th  had  the  bull-with- 
get  prize.  Carlyle 's  Crystal  Belle  won  in  the  cow- 
with-produce  class.  Day  took  the  herd  prize.  Lily 
was  champion  female  and  Cherry  Boy  champion 
bull. 

Claude  Makin  judged  the  Higgins,  Day  and  Elm- 
endorf herds  at  Topeka  in  the  fall  of  1891,  revers- 
ing Funkhouser  on  aged  bulls  and  yearlings.  Lily 
beat  Mabel  again,  for  the  fourth  time  that  season. 

Favorite  and  Bonnie  Sadie.  In  general  appearance  Favorite  was 
one  of  the  most  attractive  heifers  we  have  ever  seen,  and  if  early 
maturity  was  sought  it  could  be  found  in  this  almost  perfectly 
formed  daughter  of  Anxiety  3d.  Her  head  and  neck,  smoothly 
covered  shoulder  perfectly  laid,  her  broad  chest  and  beautiful 
brisket,  combined  to  make  her  particularly  charming  as  she  met 
you,  and  if  faulted  somewhat  back  of  her  hips,  one  could  still 
apply  to  the  balance  of  her  well  developed  form  a  description  of 
a  perfectly  formed  little  cow  and  in  no  way  overestimate  her. 
She  was  refined  in  character,  and  no  term  so  fitly  describes  her 
as  "sweet."  Bonny  Sadie  was  a  granddaughter  of  Lady  Godiva. 
She  was  not  so  fully  matured  as  Favorite,  but  had  a  beautiful 
coat,  was  very  straight  in  her  lines  and  as  smooth  as  an  egg. 
Four  calves  completed  the  lot — two  heifers  and  two  young  bulls. 
Of  the  former  Annie  Laurie  was  the  better  fleshed,  but  Mr.  Car- 
lyle thought  much  of  Heather  Belle.  The  bull  calves  Bobbie 
Burns  and  What  Care  I  were  sons  of  Fanny  and  Crystal  Belle 
respectively.  Bobbie  was  a  thick-bodied  calf  with  good  back  and 
loin  and  full  in  the  crops.  His  companion  was  not  so  meaty,  but 
was  exceptionally  neat  and  clean-cut  in  his  make-up,  and  could 
easily  be  put  in  extra  form. 


594  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Eastern  Circuit  of  1891.— H.  H.  Clough,  Eu- 
gene Fifield,  and  the  Sotham  Co.,  all  of  Michi- 
gan, and  Elijah  Field  of  Camden,  0.,  met  at  De- 
troit. Mr.  Fifield  beat  Harold  and  Peerless  of  Bock- 
land  with  Alger.  Sotham  took  the  two-year-old 
bull  ribbon  with  Harold  2d,  and  had  first  in  cows 
with  Miss  Archibald  A,  besides  first  in  two-year-old 
heifers  on  Mystic.  At  the  Michigan  State  Fair  Al- 
ger and  Harold  2d  again  won.  Fifield 's  Accacia 
was  first  in  senior  cows  and  Sotham 's  Miss  Archi- 
bald A  was  second  in  three-year-olds.  Mystic  re- 
peated her  Detroit  victory. 

At  the  Ohio  State  Fair  of  1891  Clough,  Sotham, 
Elijah  Field,  Harness  of  Indiana,  and  John  Savage 
of  Elyria,  0.,  went  before  Mr.  R.  Baker  of  Elyria  as 
judge. 

As  both  the  Clough  and  Sotham  herds  were  now 
about  to  come  into  national  prominence  we  repro- 
duce below  "The  Breeder's  Gazette "  comment  on 
this  important  show.  It  will  be  observed  that  we 
here  meet  for  the  first  time,  in  the  bull  calf  class, 
Mr.  Sotham 's  afterwards  famous  sire  Corrector: 

"Mr.  Clough 's  Peerless  of  Eockland,  by  Peerless 
Wilton  out  of  Jessie  by  Anxiety  3d,  led  the  ring 
for  aged  bulls.  He  is  a  bull  of  considerable  scale, 
with  a  head  full  of  Hereford  character,  a  grand 
loin,  very  heavy  quarters  and  a  good  hide.  Mr. 
John  Savage,  Elyria,  had  second  ticket  with  his 
Peerless  Wilton  bull,  somewhat  smaller,  but  truly 
fashioned  and  full  of  quality.  Messrs.  Harness  had 
brought  forward  Earl  of  Shadeland  41st,  and  Mr. 
Field  was  represented  by  Hero  2d.  In  the  two-year- 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  595 

old  Harold  2d  Mr.  Sotham  has  something  which  ap- 
proximates his  ideal  of  a  'white  face'  bull.  He  has 
a  beautiful  head  and  horn,  refined  and  yet  mascu- 
line, he  is  much  neater  at  the  throat  than  the  gen- 
erality of  bulls  of  the  breed.  He  has  a  well  ribbed 
back  which  is  deeply  fleshed,  and  his  quarters  are*  of 
the  improved  sort.  He  was  the  only  entry  of  his 
age.  Yearlings  were  headed  by  the  same  exhibitor 's 
Harilton,  by  Harold  out  of  Gaybird,  a  daughter  of 
the  famous  old  Gaylass.  He  is  a  little  shorter  in  the 
rib  than  Mr.  dough's  Kodax,  in  fact  there  is  a  lit- 
tle less  of  him,  but  he  has  the  advantage  of  the 
Eockland  bull  in  quality  and  especially  in  the  char- 
acter of  the  his  head  and  horn.  Kodax  is  a  bull  of 
depth  and  substance,  with  fine  loin  and  level -quar- 
ters. He  had  second  honors  in  this  ring. 

"Corrector,  the  latest  calf  from  old  Coral,  drop- 
ped by  the  service  of  Harold,  carried  the  winning 
ribbon  among  the  calves  for  Mr.  Sotham,  and  was 
followed  by  Mr.  Clough's  Florida,  by  Peerless  of 
Rockland.  Corrector  is  a  very  neat,  smooth,  evenly 
fleshed  calf,  well  finished  about  his  head  and  neck 
and  holding  a  well  sprung  rib  and  good  loin. 

"Miss  Archibald  A  is  a  good  cow  not  to  show 
against.  Probably  this  negative  putting  of  the  case 
will  obviate  the  necessity  of  a  detailed  description. 
It  is  enough  to  say  that  she  is  one  of  the  great 
young  cows  of  the  breed.  She  is  a  'big  little  one'  of 
the  stamp  which  every  feeder  knows  is  the  most 
profitable  to  handle  and  is  full  of  flesh  of  prime 
quality  disposed  with  rare  smoothness.  She  easily 
stepped  to  the  front  in  this  competition  and  Mr. 
Clough's  Millie  of  Eockland,  by  Borneo,  a  cow  with 
beautiful  head,  grand  loin  and  table-back,  stood  sec- 
ond. There  were  in  this  ring  Mr.  Sotham 's  Lemon 
3d,  Mr.  Clough's  Jessie,  Mr.  Field's  Ida  Wilton, 


596  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

and  Messrs.  Harness '  Perfection  and  Jessie,  the  lat- 
ter big  useful  cows  but  not  conditioned  for  this  com- 
petition. Of  Mr.  Sotham's  two-year-old  heifers- 
Mystic  by  Royal  Grove  Jr.,  and  Purity  by  Archi- 
bald— we  rather  prefer  the  first-named,  and  such 
was  the  rating  they  received  at  Detroit,  but  Mr. 
Baker  reversed  positions  on  this  occasion,  which 
more  nearly  squares  with  their  owner's  estimate 
of  their  merits.  It  is  questionable  whether  the 
Michigan  exhibitor  was  entitled  to  both  ribbons  in 
this  ring,  for  Mr.  dough's  Jewel  3d,  by  Sylvester, 
is  a  heifer  of  much  substance,  thicker  and  wider 
than  either  of  the  others  but  lacking  a  little  of  their 
quality  and  scarcely  so  refined  in  head  and  horn. 
Messrs.  Harness  had  in  Pet  a  heifer  with  a  very 
handsome  head  and  horn  got  by  Earl  of  Shadeland 
41st,  and  Mr.  Field  showed  Duchess  2d,  a  growthy 
heifer  of  Wilton  blood. 

"From  Mr.  Clough's  trio  of  yearlings — Cocoa- 
nut  by  Emperor  of  Rockland,  New  Years  of  Rock- 
land  by  Sylvester,  and  Lady  Frances  by  Washing- 
ton— the  first  named  was  selected  to  wear  the  red, 
which  here  indicates  first  prize,  and  this  was  an- 
other overturning  of  a  Detroit  decision.  Mr.  Soth- 
am's  Beaubois  Beauty,  a  handsome  little  yellow- 
red,  had  second  place.  From  the  six  calves  Mr. 
Clough  drew  both  ribbons  with  a  pretty  pair — 
Actress  and  Jewel  5th. 

"Mr.  Sotham's  herd,  headed  by  Harold  2d  and 
including  Miss  Archibald  A,  Purity,  Mystic  and 
Beaubois  Purity,  was  so  strong  in  each  member 
and  so  uniform  in  nearly  all  respects  that  it  proved 
a  little  too  heavy  metal  for  the  excellent  collection 
from  Rockland  which  was  headed  by  Peerless  of 
Rockland.  Messrs.  Harness  had  the  ticket  for  three 
cows  each  with  her  own  calf,  with  Perfection,  Jes- 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  597 

sie  and  Pet,  the  calves  being  by  Earl  of  Shadeland 
41st.  The  award  for  the  get  of  a  bull  fell  to  Mr. 
Field  on  the  progeny  of  Hero  2d,  which  is  a  son  of 
Constable's  Hero,  the  Keguhis  bull  once  owned  at 
Beecher.  It  was  rather  questionable  as  between 
this  exhibit  and  that  made  by  the  Earl  of  Shade- 
land  41st.  Mr.  Clough  had  the  ribbon  for  cow  with 
two  of  her  calves  on  Jessie  5th,  with  her  massive 
son  Peerless  of  Rockland  by  her  side,  together  with 
her  young  heifer  by  Sylvester. ' ' 

At  Indianapolis  on  the  following  week  the  Clough 
and  Sotham  herds  met  again,  this  time  with  Col.  T. 
S.  Moberly  of  Eichmond,  Ky.,  a  leading  Shorthorn 
exhibitor  of  the  day,  as  the  arbiter  of  Hereford 
fashion.  Eightly  or  wrongly,  as  one  pleases  to  take 
it,  he  reversed  the  Columbus  awards  in  every  class 
in  which  there  was  competition,  save  only  that 
for  aged  cows. 

In  a  notable  breed  contest  here  Sotham 's  Harold 
2d  gained  the  two-year-old  ribbon — the  only  one 
saved  to  the  Herefords  out  of  a  nerve-racking  con- 
test all  along  the  line  with  a  great  lot  of  Shorthorns 
and  Aberdeen- Angus. 

At  the  Illinois  show  of  1891  John  Imboden  had 
one  of  the  hard  days  of  his  long  career  in  the  jury 
box — especially  when  the  cows  and  heifers  came  in 
view.  Clark,  Elmendorf,  Sotham,  Carlyle,  John 
Steward,  "Ned"  Scarlett  and  Fowler  &  Bassett, 
Long  Point,  111.,  supplied  the  trouble.  Fowler  & 
Bassett  were  showing  Armour  36968,  exhibited 
twelve  months  before  by  VanNatta.  He  was  a  bull 
showing  more  quality  than  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th, 


598  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

but  the  old  hero  of  so  many  contests  was  still  im- 
pressive enough  to  win.  Probably  no  greater  con- 
trast could  readily  be  imagined  than  that  presented 
by  these  two  antagonists  in  the  matter  of  color. 
Garfield's  son  was  a  very  dark  red,  too  dark  in  fact, 
while  Armour  was  a  real  golden  yellow.  In  two- 
year-olds  Sotham's  Harold  2d  forged  to  the  front 
over  Clark's  Phil  Armour  by  Anxiety  3d.  Scar- 
lett's square-ended  mellow-handling  low-flanked 
Captain  Grove  was  the  winner  among  the  year- 
lings. In  bull  calves  John  Steward  (Fowler  &  Van- 
Natta  's  former  herd  manager  of  whom  we  shall  hear 
more  as  our  story  progresses)  took  first  with  a 
youngster,  his  own  personal  property,  by  Cherry 
Boy  out  of  a  Star  Grove  dam,  that  proved  too  much 
for  Sotham's  Corrector  to  handle. 

The  cow  class,  a  memorable  one,  was  headed  by 
Lily,  her  chief  rivals  being  Peerless  2d  and  her 
six-year-old  daughter  Peerless  3d  and  Sotham's 
"big  little  one,"  Miss  Archibald  A.  Peerless  3d 
was  placed  second.  The  heifer  classes  were  excep- 
tionally fine,  and  as  indicating  the  type  and  quality 
being  produced  at  that  date  by  home  breeders  we 
quote  again  from  "The  Breeder's  Gazette": 

"In  two-year-olds  Imboden  rather  crossed  the 
judgment  of  a  majority  of  the  Hereford-breeding 
contingent  present  by  sending  Fowler  &  Bassett's 
big  Victoria  Belle  to  the  head  of  the  list.  She  is  a 
grand-topped  heifer  of  tremendous  scale,  but  plain 
at  both  ends.  John  S.  Carlyle's  Princess  Louise 
was  slated  for  second  money,  leaving  Clark's  Hora- 
tia  4th,  Carlyle's  Eletta,  -and  Elmendorf's  Tottie 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  599 

unrecognized.  The  first-prize  heifer,  while  lack- 
ing in  refinement,  is  richly  furnished  all  along 
her  back  from  fore-roasts  to  loin  and  is  besides  big 
and  deep  through  her  heart.  Princess  Louise  and 
Horatia  4th  are  not  cast  in  so  big  a  mold.  They 
are  of  a  neater,  better-finished  type  and  full  of  flesh 
as  well.  Horatia,  with  her  pretty  incurving  down- 
turned  horns  and  sweet  countenance,  meets  you 
more  effectively  than  either  of  her  rivals,  is  shown 
with  a  great  coat,  has  nicely  arched  ribs  and  excep- 
tionally neat  bone,  but  in  her  quarters  is  not  so 
good  as  the  Princess.  The  latter  is  carrying  plenty 
of  flesh,  but  shows  that  inclination  to  roll  on  the 
rib  that  is  so  apt  to  be  developed  by  quick-feeding 
cattle.  She  is  of  a  meaty  type,  near  to  the  ground, 
with  good  width,  and  deserved  all  she  won,  if  not, 
more.  Those  who  thought  that  a  richly  meated 
table-back  should  not  carry  a  roughish  head  and  un- 
satisfactory rumps  to  the  post  of  honor  would  have 
set  Horatia  second. 

"It  was  a  charming  array  of  yearlings  (eleven  in 
number)  that  were  moved  into  position,  and  when 
it  is  said  that  Carlyle  had  an  outstanding  winner  in 
his  beautifully  brought  out  Favorite  little  more 
need  be  added.  This  splendid  daughter  of  Anxiety 
3d  was  shown  in  the  very  height  of  showyard  form. 
To  the  bloom  that  always  attaches  to  a  well  fed  and 
finely  modeled  yearling  is  added  the  catchy  embon- 
point of  the  heifer  six  months  gone  with  her  first 
calf.  Nothing  is  lacking  to  complete  the  picture 
save  a  little  lightness  of  thigh  and  a  trace  of  un- 
evenness  about  the  loin.  Generally  speaking,  how- 
ever, she  is  a  wonderfully  furnished,  smooth,  thick- 
fleshed  heifer  of  much  breadth  and  depth,  and  re- 
markably developed  for  age.  Indeed,  as  a  speci- 
men of  early  maturity  she  is  one  of  the  sensations 


600  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

of  the  year — practically  a  finished  cow  in  her  year- 
ling form.  After  she  had  been  set  aside  to  head 
the  class  there  was  a  spirited  contest  for  second 
place  between  Clark's  Plum  (dam  Peerless '2d)  and 
Scarlett's  Fair  Maiden  2d,  by  Washington,  the  po- 
sition finally  being  held  by  the  latter.  The  former 
wore  one  of  those  shaggy  coats  which  Clark  suc- 
ceeds so  well  in  growing.  Moreover,  she  begins 
well  and  ends  well,  her  pretty  face  and  wide  fore- 
head attracting  one  from  the  front  and  her  good 
thighs  satisfying  the  eye  as  she  goes  away. 

"The  decision  which  made  Carlyle 's  Annie  Lau- 
rie first  in  heifer  calves,  and  Elmendorf  's  Bluebelle 
second,  with  Clark's  Annie  (by  Anxiety)  and  Fow- 
ler &  Bassett's  thick  Bonnie  (by  Orphan  Boy)  un- 
placed was  not  altogether  satisfactory.  Bluebelle 
is  a  furry-haired,  mellow-handling,  well  grown  calf 
with  typical  head  and  should  have  been  first,  with 
Clark  or  Carlyle  second.  Carlyle  and  Clark  both 
have  good  calves  and  richly  bred  (the  former  by 
Earl  of  Shadeland  12th  from  the  famous  Felicia), 
but  we  cannot  grant  the  license  of  either  of  them 
to  win  in  the  presence  of  the  Elmendorf  entry." 

Elmendorf  received  the  herd  prize  at  the  capable 
hands  of  David  Fyffe,  Sotham  receiving  second. 
E.  C.  Auld  made  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th  champion 
male  and  Miss  Archibald  A  champion  female. 

Death  of  C.  M.  Culbertson.^While  the  "white 
faces"  were  carrying  all  before  them  at  the  Fat 
Stock  Show  held  at  the  Chicago  Stock  Yards  during 
the  first  week  in  December,  1891,  Mr.  C.  M.  Culbert- 
son,  the  man  who  had  done  so  much  towards  the 
successful  introduction  of  the  breed,  passed  away  at 
Arkansas  Hot  Springs,  whither  he  had  journeyed  in 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  601 

the  hope  of  securing  relief  from  a  complication  of 
disorders  incident  to  advanced  age.  He  had  passed 
the  four-score  milestone. 

Hereford  Constitutions  in  Evidence. — The  fact 
that  Vincent  and  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th  were 
able  to  come  back  again  at  the  shows  of  1892  af- 
forded fresh  proof  of  the  staying  qualities,  the  con- 
stitution, and  the  vigor  of  the  Hereford.  Ability  to 
stand  up  under  the  pressure  of  long-continued  high 
feeding  for  show  demonstrates  the  reverse  side  of 
the  claim  made  for  the  " white  faces"  as  the  hardi- 
est of  all  the  improved  breeds  of  cattle  of  the  beef 
type.  Second  only  in  point  of  practical  interest 
for  cattle-growers  to  the  demonstration  of  constitu- 
tion being  made  during  this  same  period  by  the 
Hereford  bulls  on  the  open  ranges  of  the  far  west 
was  the  record  of  such  bulls  as  Fowler,  Vincent, 
and  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th  at  the  shows  of  the 
cornbelt  states.  Animals  lacking  in  real  virility 
would  deteriorate  quite  as  rapidly  under  the  ad- 
verse influences  of  over-feeding  as  under  the  ef- 
fects of  hardships  suffered  under  the  conditions 
prevailing  in  the  arid  storm-swept  areas  of  the  tree- 
less plains  and  intermountain  grazing  grounds  that 
supported  the  cattle  industry  beyond  the  100th 
meridian. 

At  Des  Moines,  in  September,  1892,  the  sturdy 
son  of  Garfield,  the  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th,  so 
often  mentioned  hitherto  in  these  notes,  was  again 
awarded  pride  of  place  as  best  aged  Hereford  bull, 
but  the  perennially  popular  Vincent,  now  in  his 


602  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

seventh  year,  pushed  him  for  the  honor.  One  of 
Iowa's  most  practical  stockmen,  Peter  Mouw  of 
Orange  City,  who  had  espoused  the  cause  of  the 
Herefords,  won  third  in  this  competition  with  Cas- 
tello,  by  Dromio,  at  six  years.  As  good  a  bull  as 
Cameo  had  to  fail  of  recognition.  The  spectacle  of 
these  bulls  presenting  such  form  at  such  ages,  after 
extended  periods  of  high  feeding  and  active  serv- 
ice, recalls  those  early  days  in  Herefordshire  when 
their  prototypes  were  hurling  their  weight  into  the 
yoke  and  were  in  the  very  prime  of  their  useful- 
ness at  from  six  to  ten  years  of  age. 

Meantime,  new  recruits  were  constantly  joining 
the  Hereford  forces.  Redhead  Bros.,  of  Des 
Moines,  had  been  convinced  of  the  merit  of  the 
breed  and  had  established  a  good  herd  with  the 
prize-winning  Shadeland-bred  Captain  Grove,  pur- 
chased from  Mr.  Scarlett,  at  its  head.  He  was  sent 
into  this  competition  somewhat  out  of  form,  but  still 
good  enough  to  win.  Cosgrove  captured  the  red 
with  Wildy  29th,  and  VanNatta  was  third  with  Chi- 
cago. In  yearlings  Cherry  Boy  2d  came  to  the 
front,  a  well  developed  young  bull  with  rather 
prominent  hips,  and  Makin  Bros,  were  second  on 
Anxiety  Boy.  In  bull  calves  the  Makins  were  first 
with  Vincent  9th,  a  level  short-legged  son  of  their 
rare  old  bull  of  that  name. 

Speaking  of  the  power  of  the  senior  bulls  to  hold 
their  own,  we  have  now  to  record  that  Lily  once 
again  led  the  aged  cows,  Cosgrove  following  with 
the  dark-colored  massive  Wilton  Le  Sueuress  43d, 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  603 

and  our  old  friend  Mabel  coming  third.  Makin 
Bros,  had  bought  Mr.  Henry's  Countess  of  Koss- 
land,  by  Prince  Edward,  and  they  sent  her  into  this 
class  along  witli  Julia  Wilton  and  Stately  10th,  all 
of  good  Hereford  type  and  quality,  but  here  un 
placed.  Day  got  first  in  the  two-year-old  heifers 
on  Hypatia  by  Peerless  Wilton,  Redhead  Bros, 
were  second  on  Lulu,  by  Ponting's  Anxiety  3d  from 
a  Blenheim  dam,  very  thick  but  rather  over-done. 
The  Makins '  Stately  13th  by  Washington,  unplaced, 
would  have  been  preferred  by  many.  VanNatta  had 
both  blue  and  red  on  a  remarkable  pair  of  yearling 
heifers — Cherry  Duchess  by  Cherry  Boy  and  Anna- 
bel by  Star  Grove  1st,  the  latter  destined  to  rare 
honors  in  1893.  John  Letham  was  at  this  date 
working  with  his  good  friend  Steward  on  the  Van- 
Natta show  cattle,  and  handled  here  the  blue  ribbon 
heifer  calf  Cherry  Lass,  own  sister  to  the  first-prize 
yearling  bull  Cherry  Boy  2d  and  a  heifer  with  a 
lot  of  hair  and  flesh,  extra  in  her  spring  of  rib. 

Earl  of  Shadeland  30th  and  Lily  had  the  class 
championships,  and  we  shall  see  the  old  bull  yet 
another  year  in  the  biggest  battle  of  his  career. 

At  Lincoln  in  1892  Mr.  Funkhouser  again  offi- 
ciated as  judge,  the  show  being  made  up  of  the  en- 
tries of  Messrs.  Day,  Elmendorf,  Carlyle,  and  Makin 
Bros.  Earl  of  Shadeland  bested  Vincent;  no  two- 
year-olds  were  shown.  Carlyle  won  in  yearlings  on 
Bobbie  Burns,  and  Vincent  9th  was  calf  winner.  In 
cows  it  was  Lily  once  again,  with  the  Makins '  State- 
ly second,  and  Mabel  third.  Carlyle  had  both  first 


604  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

and  second  in  two-year-old  heifers  on  Bonnie  Sadie 
and  Favorite ;  the  Scotchman  was  first  also  in  year- 
lings on  Fanny  Mack,  while  Elmendorf  drew  the 
blue  in  calves  on  Lady  Daylight.  The  champion- 
ships were  as  at  Des  Moines. 

The  Kansas  show  of  1892  was  not  up  to  the  usual 
mark.  Makin  Bros,  and  Elmendorf  divided  the  rib- 
bons, with  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th  and  Lily  again 
in  the  stellar  positions. 

Tom  Clark  and  Harry  Fluck,  the  latter  a  high- 
class  English  herdsman  now  starting  into  Hereford 
breeding  on  his  own  account,  exhibited  at  the  Min- 
nesota State  Fair  in  competition  with  Cosgrove.  It 
was  rather  a  light  show,  reflecting  the  slackness  of 
the  trade  which  had  now  been  in  evidence  for  some 
time.  Clark's  Sanhedrim  46180,  an  in-bred  The 
Grove  3d  two-year-old  of  Culbertson's  breeding, 
got  by  Star  Grove  10th  out  of  Grove  Maid  18th, 
was  champion  male  and  Cosgrove 's  wonderfully 
deep-fleshed  cow  Wilton  Le  Sueuress  was  adjudged 
best  female.  These  same  herds  were  seen  at  Mil- 
waukee the  following  week,  Sanhedrim  again  head- 
ing the  bulls,  and  Clark's  two-year-old  heifer  Plum 
was  set  above  the  Cosgrove  cow. 

Death  of  Anxiety  3d. — During  the  first  week 
in  September,  1892,  Anxiety  3d,  whose  daughters 
had  been  so  phenomenally  successful  at  the  great 
shows  for  a  number  of  years,  was  humanely  killed 
to  end  his  suffering  from  rheumatic  afflictions  that 
had  for  some  months  rendered  the  old  veteran's  life 
a  burden  to  himself.  He  was  in  his  twelfth  year. 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  605 

The  Eastern  Circuit  of  1892. — As  usual  in 
those  days  the  ball  started  rolling  east  of  the  river 
with  the  annual  battle  between  the  Michigan  and 
Ohio  herds  at  Detroit.  Clough,  Fifield,  Sotham  and 
Turner  were  still  in  the  running.  Alger  beat  Har- 
old 2d,  while  Turner's  Peerless  Wilton  13th  out- 
ranked Clough 's  Kodax.  At  the  New  York  State 
Fair  George  N.  Bissell  of  Milford,  N.  Y.,  and 
George  0.  Holcomb  of  Troy,  Pa.,  presented  excel- 
lent herds,  the  ribbons  being  tied  by  John  Vander- 
bilt,  manager  for  Erastus  Corning. 

In  Ohio  it  was  Clough  vs.  Sotham,  with  John 
Hooker  of  New  London  as  ' i  runner-up. "  L.  P. 
Sisson,  a  West  Virginia  breeder  of  Devons,  allotted 
the  prizes.  Harold  2d  was  sent  to  the  front  as 
senior  bull  over  Hooker's  Grover  Morton.  Kodax 
had  no  competition  in  two-year-olds  and  Corrector 
scored  among  the  yearlings.  Miss  Archibald  A  2d 
headed  the  cows;  Clough 's  Cocoanut,  a  Wilton- Anx- 
iety combination,  with  handsome  front  and  splen- 
did loin,  was  best  two-year-old,  and  the  same  own- 
er's Actress  was  the  blue  ribbon  yearling. 

The  Clough  and  Sotham  herds,  supplemented  by 
entries  of  West  &  Duncan,  Windsor,  111.,  made  up 
the  Hereford  show  the  following  week  at  Indianapo- 
lis. Harold  2d,  Kodax  and  Miss  Archibald  A  2d 
were  again  honored. 

Funkhouser  Enters  the  Lists.  —  A  Missouri 
breeder  who  now  came  rapidly  to  the  fore  in  Here- 
ford cattle  breeding  circles  put  in  his  first  appear- 
ance as  an  exhibitor  on  the  big  circuits  at  the  II- 


606  A  HISTORY  OP  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

linois  State  Fair  of  1892  at  Peoria.  This  was  James 
A.  Funkhouser  of  Plattsburg,  whose  cattle  will  come 
in  for  frequent  mention  before  our  narrative  ends. 
It  was  a  large  and  good  class  that  Harry  Yeomans 
was  here  called  upon  to  judge. 

First  of  all  there  was  the  inevitable  Earl  of 
Shadeland  30th,  accompanied  by  his  old  traveling 
companion  Vincent;  also  Harold  2d — all  familiar 
"white  faces."  Their  right  of  way  was  challenged, 
however,  and,  as  is  turned  out,  successfully  blocked 
by  new  antagonists.  Mr.  VanNatta  had  always  put 
his  money  on  the  Tregrehan  blood.  He  knew  its 
prepotency  and  the  stamina  that  went  with  it.  But 
he  was  wise  enough  also  to  know  that  in  the  get  of 
Anxiety  5th  he  possessed  another  valuable  blood 
element.  His  imported  cow  White  Spark  2d,  of 
Stephen  Bobinson's  breeding,  got  by  Horatius  7163, 
he  by  old  Horace,  had  produced  to  the  cover  of 
Anxiety  5th  in  1885  the  bull  Saracen  23188,  that  was 
used  in  the  herd  quite  freely.  He  sired  among  other 
good  calves  the  bull  Hengler  37003,  dropped  in  1888 
by  the  imported  cow  Lady  Hartington,  by  Harting- 
ton  4010,  son  of  The  Grove  3d.  This  calf  had,  there- 
fore, a  double  cross  of  Horace,  besides  carrying  the 
old  Anxiety  blood,  and  he  developed  into  a  bull  good 
enough  to  win  the  blue  ribbon  in  this  Peoria  compe- 
tition— not  a  sensational  show  bull,  but  with  good 
Hereford  character,  broad  ribs,  and  well  fleshed, 
although  not  just  as  even  along  his  back  as  might 
be  wished.  Mr.  Funkhouser  had  come  into  posses- 
sion by  purchase  from  Tom  Clark,  of  one  of  the 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  607 

Hereford  treasures  of  his  time — Hesoid  2d  40679, 
bred  by  George  W.  Henry  from  imp.  Hesoid  (he  of 
the  guy  ropes  referred  to  in  our  notes  on  one  of 
the  early  Chicago  shows)  and  of  Curry's  Anita  by 
Harold.  We  have  already  spoken  of  his  sire  Hesoid 
as  one  of  the  richest  of  The  Grove  3d  bulls.  Har- 
old we  recognize  as  Mr.  Curry's  good  show  bull, 
and  sire  of  Sotham's  Corrector.  Harold's  sire  was 
Highland  Laird,  son  of  Horatius,  so  we  observe  that 
Hesiod  2d,  as  well  as  Hengler,  had  two  lines  to  Hor- 
ace, the  sire  of  The  Grove  3d.  Like  most  bulls  of 
this  blood  Hesoid  2d  seemed  to  lack  stretch  and 
scale,  but  at  three  years  old  he  here  tipped  the* 
beam  at  1,950  pounds,  being  compactly  fashioned. 
He  was  drawn  for  second  place,  and  in  after  years 
made  the  reputation  of  the  Funkhouser  herd  as  a 
sire  of  good  Herefords.*  The  old  Earl  of  Shade- 
land  30th  fell  back  to  third. 

This  was  something  of  a  Grove  3d  day,  for  in 
two-year-olds  Clark's  Sanhedrim,  with  two  lines  to 
the  old  bull,  went  to  the  top  of  the  two-year-olds. 
Clough's  Kodax  was  second.  Captain  Grove  and 
Chicago  were  passed  over.  In  yearlings  Cherry 
Boy  2d  came  first,  but  the  second  prize  winner,  Mr. 
Tod  Benjamin's  Wilton  Grove,  by  Sir  Wilfred  out 
of  Lemon  2d  by  The  Grove  3d,  was  greatly  ad- 
mired and  might  have  been  first  instead  of  second. 

*Speaking  of  Hesiod  2d,  Thomas  Clark  tells  this  interesting 
story: 

"I  bought  his  mother  Anita  at  one  of  G.  W.  Henry's  sales. 
She  was  carrying  the  calf  which  I  called  Hesiod  2d.  He  was 
dropped  an  immatured  calf  at  seven  months,  not  larger  than  a 
jackrabbit.  We  had  to  hold  him  up  to  guck  for  three  weeks.  I 
sold  him  with  two  other  bulls  to  Funkhouser  at  eight  months 
old — $1,000  for  the  three." 


608  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Vincent  9th  was  best  bull  calf,  with  Clough's  Actor 
second.  Clark's  Lars,  a  youngster  with  a  future, 
was  one  of  the  "also  rans"  in  this  company. 

Few  better  cow  classes  had  been  seen  in  the  west 
than  that  which  was  finally  led  by  old  Lily,  with 
Peerless  3d  in  second  place.  As  flesh  carriers  they 
were  certainly  great  Heref ords ;  but  for  quality  one 
could  not  but  go  in  raptures  over  Funkhouser's 
Petunia  3d  or  dough's  Jewel  3d..  Clark's  great  two- 
yoar-old  Plum  was  preferred  in  the  next  class  to 
Clough's  Cocoanut.  In  yearlings  VanNatta's  beau- 
ties, Cherry  Duchess  and  Annabel,  were  again  first 
and  second.  In  calves  the  same  herd  won  with  Wall- 
flower. Mr.  Funkhouser  gained  the  herd  prize. 

At  the  Illinois  shows  of  those  days  there  was  a 
"sweepstakes  by  ages"  open  to  all  beef  breeds.  At 
this  exhibition  of  '92  Moberley's  celebrated  Short- 
horn Young  Abbotsburn  won  in  the  aged  bulls, 
Clark's  Sanhedrim  in  the  two-year-olds,  VanNatta's 
Cherry  Boy  2d  in  yearlings,  and  the  Makins'  Vin- 
cent 9th  the  bull  calf  championship,  all  at  the  hands 
of  that  sterling  Shorthorn  breeder  Charles  B.  Dus- 
tin.  In  an  open  class  for  best  cow  with  calf  at  foot 
Funkhouser's  Petunia  3d,  by  Anxiety  4th,  was 
chosen. 

By  this  time  all  interest  was  beginning  to  cen- 
ter upon  the  World's  Columbian  Exposition  at  Chi- 
cago, to  be  held  in  1893.  With  that  event  the  cur- 
tain fell  upon  a  decade  that  had  witnessed  a  won- 
derful development  of  interest  in  the  white-faced 
breed. 


SOME   ROUSING    DEMONSTRATIONS  609 

World's  Columbian  Exposition. — This  exhibi- 
tion still  unmatched  in  the  field  of  international 
events  of  like  character  was  held  at  Jackson 
Park,  Chicago,  in  1893.  As  a  great  live  stock 
department  had  been  provided  by  Chief  Buchanan 
of  the  agricultural  division  practically  no  attempt 
was  made  to  hold  the  usual  fairs  that  autumn  in  the 
middle  western  states. 

The  Hereford  association  and  the  leading  exhi- 
bitors of  that  period  planned  a  presentation  of  the 
4 'white  faces"  that  should  fittingly  commemorate 
the  success  the  breed  had  now  achieved.  The  display 
was  particularly  notable  for  the  fact  that  the  champ- 
ion bull  was,  for  the  first  time  in  some  years  at  west- 
ern shows,  of  English  breeding.  This  was  Ancient 
Briton,  from  the  herd  of  the  late  William  Tudge  of 
Leinthall.  Likewise  noteworthy  was  the  fact  that 
-Messrs.  Gudgell  &  Simpson  for  the  first  time  par- 
ticipated in  the  big  battles  of  the  ring.  We  deem 
this  competition  of  sufficient  importance  as  an  inci- 
dent in  American  Hereford  history  to  warrant  pre- 
senting substantially  in  full  an  account  written  at 
the  time  for  "The  Breeder's  Gazette. "  We  quote : 

Ancient  Briton. — "  'It  is  the  general  opinion  that 
Ancient  Briton  (15034)  is  the  best  Hereford  bull 
that  has  gone  out  of  the  country  for  a  good  many 
years.'  Such  was  the  report  which  came  to  America 
last  spring  along  with  H.  H.  Clough's  importation 
of  '  white  faces '  selected  and  shipped  from  Hereford- 
shire by  W.  E.  Britten,  at  the  head  of  which  stood 
the  bull  just  named.  American  breeders  are  fully 
prepared  to  concede  that  Mr.  dough  has  in  Ancient 


610  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Briton  the  best  bull  of  the  breed  now  on  this  side 
the  pond,  for  they  have  run  afoul  of  him  in  the  Co- 
lumbian showyard  and  struck  their  colors  on  sight. 
The  decision  which  placed  this  admirably  fleshed 
and  richly  bred  three-year-old  first  in  the  ring  for 
bulls  three  years  old  or  over  met  with  unanimous 
approval.  Most  of  his  competitors  were  bulls  of  ma- 
turer  years,  stock  sires  of  repute  and  ex-champions, 
all  lacking  the  freshness  and  bloom  of  the  imported 
bull.  He  was  bought  of  Tudge  of  Leinthall,  com- 
bines the  blood  of  the  two  celebrated  Adforton 
Eoyal  winners  Lord  Wilton  and  Eegulator  (4898), 
being  by  a  son  of  one  and  out  of  a  half-sister  to  the 
other,  and  is  a  bull  of  fine  scale  and  quality,  with 
his  flesh  smoothly  carried.  Next  to  him  was  ranked 
Gudgell  &  Simpson's  well  known  Anxiety  4th  six- 
year-old  breeding  bull  Don  Carlos  33734,  a  trifle  de- 
ficient perhaps  behind  his  shoulders,  but  with  the 
real  Anxiety  rib  and  loin  and  of  better  quality  and 
character  than  the  third-prize  winner,  Elmendorf  's 
massive  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th.  The  latter  has 
'come  again '  in  surprising  form,  heavier  than  ever 
before,  and  with  substance  unsurpassed.  Fourth 
honors  fell  to  Makin  Bros. '  good  three-year-old  Vin- 
cent 2d  42942,  by  their  famous  old  Vincent  out  of 
Berrington  2d  28255,  with  Cosgrove's  young  Wildy 
29th,  by  old  Wild  Eyes  out  of  Bonny  Face,  fifth,  and 
Fleming's  Commodore  sixth.  Mr.  VanNatta  sent 
two  valuable  bulls  into  this  ring — one  the  famous 
Cherry  Boy  26495,  by  old  Fowler,  and  Hengler,  by 
Saracen.  The  former  was  once  a  rival  of  Young  Ab- 
botsburn  for  championship  honors  at  Peoria,  but 
while  in  service  in  Kansas  was  necessarily  let  down 
considerably,  and  after  passing  out  of  Mr.  Higgins' 
possession  little  effort  was  made  to  keep  him  up. 
Mr.  VanNatta  bought  him  back  some  months  ago, 
but  the  time  was  too  short  to  restore  his  wonted 


SOME  ROUSING  DEMONSTRATIONS  611 

condition.  His  sturdy  old  sire,  the  veteran  Fowler 
himself,  might  better  have  been  sent  into  this  'hor- 
net's nest'  than  his  honored  son  with  such  a  handi- 
cap. Hengler  is  a  bull  of  strong  parts  but  Colum- 
bian winners  had  to  be  cast  in  even  a  more  heroic 
mold." 

Sitting  Bull.— "Two-year-old  bulls  were  a  small 
class  of  six,  at  the  head  of  which  the  judge  placed 
Mr.  Fluck's  heavy-fleshed  Sitting  Bull,  not  of  ex- 
tra quality  but  an  exceedingly  deep  level  bull  with 
good  ribs,  extra  flanks,  and  heavy  quarters.  He  is 
not  a  bull  of  as  nice  character  as  Mr.  Todd  Benja- 
min's second-prize  winner,  Wilton  Grove,  seen  at 
Peoria  last  fall  as  a  yearling.  While  not  so  heavily 
fleshed  as  Sitting  Bull,  Wilton  Grove  is  much  nicer 
in  his  head  and  more  satisfactory  to  the  touch.  Third 
prize  fell  to  Makin  Bros. '  Anxiety  Boy  47708,  a  son 
of  Juryman  30279  from  Ellen  Wilton  12710,  a  low 
fleshy  bull  of  good  scale,  exceptionally  full  in  his 
twist.  Fourth  honors  went  to  C.  H.  Elmendorf's 
Eureka  and  fifth  to  Gudgell  &  Simpson's  Beau 
Brummel  by  Don  Carlos." 

Lamplighter. — "The  yearling  bulls  were  headed 
by  Gudgell  &  Simpson's  Lamplighter  51834,  by  Don 
Carlos  out  of  Lady  Bird  3d.  He  is  of  a  very  low 
meaty  type,  with  good  head,  well  rounded  chine, 
nicely  fleshed  loins  and  ribs,  covering  nicely  over 
the  hips  on  to  good  quarters.  Tom  Clark  was  sec- 
ond with  Lars  50734,  whose  dam  was  the  famous 
show  cow  Peerless  3d.  Lars  is  only  a  February  calf, 
and  consequently  lacked  the  scale  of  some  of  his 
competitors,  but  he  is  of  a  nice  tidy  type  with  level 
well  filled  quarters.  Makin  Bros,  were  third  with 
Vincent  9th  52705,  got  by  old  Vincent  out  of  Bar- 
belle.  He  is  wide  and  low,  with  a  very  deep  body,  but 
sags  a  bit  in  his  top.  H.  H.  Clough's  Actor  was 
fourth  and  VanNatta  's  Chicago  Lad  fifth. ' ' 


612  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Anxiety-Peerless  Again. — "In  bull  calves  Mr. 
Fluck  again  scored  with  Monitor  F.,  the  last  fruit 
of  the  loins  of  old  Anxiety  3d,  and  as  his  dam  was 
a  Peerless  Wilton  cow  this  youngster  represents  a 
doubling  up  of  the  blood  of  Clark's  celebrated  sire 
of  prize  stock.  He  is  a  good  fleshy  deep-ribbed  calf, 
with  wide  head,  well  covered  shoulders,  and  plenty 
of  substance.  Mr.  Cosgrove  was  a  strong  second, 
however,  with  the  Wild  Eyes  calf  Minnesota  2d,  a 
beautiful  little  bull  with  almost  perfect  top  and 
bottom  lines,  strong  in  his  flanks  and  quarters  and 
excelling  the  first-prize  calf  in  the  twist.  Mr. 
Clough  was  third  with  De  Forrest,  a  very  sweet  De- 
cember calf  by  Kodax  of  Kockland,  showing  per- 
haps the  most  perfect  head  in  the  ring,  but  too  young 
to  go  further  forward  in  the  winning.  The  same 
herd  also  supplied  the  fourth-prize  winner,  Col. 
Davis.  Fleming  was  fifth  with  Barman  and  Elmen- 
dorf  next  with  St.  Tristram." 

Miss  Beau  Real  3d. — "It  was  a  great  lot  of 
eighteen  cows  that  were  subject  to  inspection  and  in 
some  unaccountable  manner  the  judge  made  his  first 
leet  without  including  one  of  the  best  Hereford  fe- 
males in  the  yard,  namely,  Lady  Tushingham  3d, 
property  of  H.  D.  Smith  of  Compton,  Quebec,  Can- 
ada. Before  making  his  final  ratings,  however,  he 
discovered  that  he  had  omitted  that  great  three- 
year-old  and  finally  sent  her  into  the  prizelist,  al- 
though many  would  have  ordered  her  further  for- 
ward than  fourth  place,  the  position  ultimately  as- 
signed to  her.  Mr.  VanNatta's  wide-ribbed,  com- 
pact, short-legged  Miss  Beau  Eeal  3d  had  the  blue 
ticket.  In  her  foreribs  and  loins  she  is  certainly  an 
altogether  remarkable  cow.  She  is  full  of  substance 
and  quality,  although  soft  in  her  handling  and  not 
standing  well  on  her  hind  legs.  A  fair  idea  of  her 
conformation  can  be  gained  from  Mr.  Morris '  sketch 


SOME   BOUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  613 

appearing  in  the  frontispiece  illustration  to  this 
week's  Gazette.  Mr.  Funkhouser's  next  choice  was 
Tom  Clark's  famous  Plum,  by  Peerless  Wilton  out 
of  the  great  Peerless  2d.  Her  fine  middlepiece  suf- 
ficed to  carry  her  thus  far  forward  in  competition 
with  cows  that  are  rather  better  in  their  shoulders. 
Third  place  was  assigned  to  Mr.  Clough's  rich  but 
rather  roughly  fleshed  Cocoanut  40726,  and  fourth 
as  above  stated  to  the  big  Canadian  three-year-old. 
Some  would  have  placed  Lady  Tushingham  3d  at 
the  head  of  the  class,  but  when  one  considers  the 
fact  that  Miss  Beau  Eeal  3d  is  six  years  old  and  is 
now  well  along  in  calf  it  must  be  conceded  that  she 
has  strong  claims  to  the  position  assigned  her  upon 
this  occasion.  A  cow  that  some  would  have  liked 
to  have  seen  recognized  was  Elmendorf 's  Miss  Wil- 
ton that  was  ranked  fifth  in  the  line.  She  is  a  daugh- 
ter of  the  great  Beau  Eeal  out  of  the  magnificent 
and  very  famous  Lady  Wilton  and  is  a  cow  of  most 
beautiful  character  and  quality.  Gudgell  &  Simp- 
son furnished  the  sixth-best  cow  in  Myrtis  16180, 
now  in  her  eighth  year.  Next  below  her  came  Cos- 
grove  's  short-legged,  thick  Wilton  Le  Sueuress  43rd. 
The  fact  is,  this  was  about  as  hard  a  ring  to  judge 
as  was  the  Shorthorn  cow  class,  and,  as  was  the  case 
in  that  competition,  there  were  unplaced  cows  in  the 
lot  which  in  the  opinion  of  some  good  judges  were 
the  equals  of  the  more  successful  animals.  They 
were  a  grand  good  class  and  an  animal  had  to  be  a 
very  '  tip-topper'  to  secure  any  position  in  the  leet." 
Annabel. — ' '  The  richness  of  the  Hereford  ex- 
hibit, so  strikingly  foreshadowed  in  the  preceding 
ring,  developed  itself  fully  in  the  class  for  two-year- 
old  heifers,  where  two  of  the  best  beasts  in  the  en- 
tire beef  cattle  section  contended  for  pride  of  place. 
We  refer  to  Clough's  imp.  New  Year's  Gift  and  Van- 
Natta's  Annabel.  The  former,  a  winner  as  a  year- 


614  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ling  at  last  year's  Warwick  Royal,  was  brought  out 
in  better  bloom  than  the  writer  hereof  had  regarded 
as  possible.  She  seemed  ripe  as  a  peach  in  England 
a  year  ago,  and  she  is  of  such  a  refined  type  that  it 
is  surprising  that  she  came  out  last  week  so  fresh 
and  good  in  her  flesh.  Forward  she  is  as  sweet  as 
heart  could  wish.  Her  lovely  countenance,  full 
bosom,  perfectly  laid  shoulders,  smooth  well 
rounded  chine,  deep  ribs,  and  short  neat  legs  com- 
bine to  stamp  her  a  heifer  of  altogether  extraordi- 
nary quality.  Annabel  is  not  quite  so  ' ladylike'  in 
her  general  make-up,  but  as  a  specimen  of  the  sturdy 
buxom  white-faced  lassie,  she  is,  to  use  the  current 
phrase,  simply  'out  of  sight.'  We  have  seen  heif- 
ers wider-spread  than  she,  but  when  one  considers 
her  uniform  depth  and  thickness  of  flesh,  her  sub- 
stance and  almost  perfect  balancing  of  parts,  she 
has  to  be  written  down  as  near  a  model  of  her  kind 
as  American  showyards  have  ever  seen.  She  is  fur- 
nished at  every  point,  and,  while  a  heifer  of  stouter 
build  than  New  Year's  Gift,  has  yet  no  suspicion  of 
grossness  in  her  marvelous  make-up.  She  shares 
with  the  Angus  Abbess  of  Turlington,  the  roan  two- 
year-old  Shorthorn  heifer  from  Canada,  and  a  year- 
ling Hereford  heifer  soon  to  be  named,  the  honor 
of  being  one  of  the  three  or  four  real  sensational 
animals  of  the  show.  Star  Grove  1st  has  to  be  cred- 
ited with  having  sired  this  predestined  champion 
of  her  class.  With  Annabel  first  and  the  imported 
heifer  second,  the  Cosgrove  's  excellent  Wiltonie  33d 
fit  snugly  into  third  place,  and  Clark's  Jingle  was 
fourth.  Fifth  and  sixth  positions  in  the  line  were 
held  respectively  by  Gudgell  &  Simpson's  Donna 
Anna  7th  and  Makin  Bros.'  Lady  Maud  Vincent." 

Lady  Daylight. — "  Second  only  in  outstanding 
merit  to  the  great  Annabel  of  the  preceding  class 
came  Elmendorf's  superb  Lady  Daylight,  an  easy 


SOME   BOUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  615 

winner  among  the  yearlings.  This  exceptionally 
grand  heifer,  a  daughter  of  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th, 
is  from  a  cow  by  Beau  Eeal,  and  she  from  a  daugh- 
ter of  Beau  Monde,  the  dam  thus  being  an  inbred 
Anxiety  4th.  She  is  laid  out  on  a  little  lengthier 
scale  than  Annabel,  so  that  she  will  never  impress 
one  as  being  quite  so  blocky  as  VanNatta's  heifer, 
but  she  is  modeled  on  such  low  level  lines  and 
rounds  out  so  beautifully  in  her  barrel  and  flanks, 
fleshes  down  so  wonderfully  fore  and  aft,  that  she 
is  simply  a  'flash'  heifer  in  any  company.  John  J. 
Steward  brought  up  from  Hickory  Grove,  along 
with  VanNatta's  string,  a  sweet  little  bundle  of 
Hereford  femininity  known  as  Fowler  Queen  2d, 
got  by  old  Fowler  out  of  Wilton  Queen.  She  is  a 
charming  little  witch  with  her  famous  '  daddy  V 
thighs,  and  landed  herself  in  second  place  among 
these  Columbian  yearlings.  Elmendorf  had  another 
string  to  his  bow  this  time — Lady  Laurel,  by  Earl 
of  Shadeland  out  of  his  champion  show  cow  Lily, 
and  she  was  no  'tail-ender'  either.  She  was  easily 
third  and  Mr.  dough's  growthy  imported  Merlin 
heifer  Dorcas  had  to  stand  scaling  down  to  fourth. 
Mr.  VanNatta's  Cherry  Lass  was  pegged  at  the  fifth 
notch,  same  owner's  Fairy  Browny  sixth,  Gudgell 
&  Simpson's  Normette  seventh,  dough's  Autumn 
Leaf  eighth,  and  Eedhead's  Wallflower  ninth — four 
out  of  the  nine  being  of  Mr.  VanNatta's  breeding." 
Bright  Duchess  15th.— "  The  calves  were  as 
pretty  a  show  as  seen  on  the  tanfiark  during  the 
week.  They  were  about  fifteen  in  number  and  so 
evenly  good  that  some  of  those  that  were  left  out 
of  the  prizelist  might  safely  be  substituted  for  the 
quartette  of  winners  without  falling  below  a 
World's  Fair  standard.  Messrs.  Gudgell  &  Simp- 
son were  first  with  Bright  Duchess  15th,  by  Earl  of 
Shadeland  47th — good  on  her  back  and  carrying  her 


616     .  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

flesh  well  down.  Makin  Bros,  were  second  with  the 
ripe  Eoberta,  by  Beau  Eeal  out  of  Bertha ;  Clough 
was  third  with  the  pretty  Primrose,  a  December 
calf  by  Kodax  of  Eockland,  and  Fleming  came 
fourth  with  Lady  Fenn  2d.  Mr.  VanNatta's  Grove 
Lassie  set  down  to  fifth,  was  of  winning  shapes,  and 
Makins'  Prairie  Flower,  listed  sixth,  was  remark- 
ably full  of  flesh  and  near  to  the  ground.  They  were 
a  sweet  lot  throughout  and  the  rear  guard  was  bet- 
ter than  the  winners  at  some  shows  heretofore  seen 
in  the  west." 

The  Championships. — "The  male  championship 
of  the  class  was  conceded  to  Mr.  dough's  imp.  An- 
cient Briton  and  the  female  championship  went  to 
Mr.  VanNatta's  great  two-year-old  Annabel  with  as 
little  discussion.  It  may  be  interesting  to  note  in 
this  latter  connection  that  the  next  best  females  of 
the  class  were  rated  in  the  following  order:  Miss 
Beau  Eeal  3d,  Lady  Daylight  and  Lady  Tushingham 
3d. 

' '  The  herd  prize  fell  to  H.  H.  Clough  on  the  fol- 
lowing lot:  Ancient  Briton,  Cocoa-nut,  New  Year's 
Gift,  Dorcas  and  Princess;  second  prize  to  W.  S. 
VanNatta  on  Cherry  Boy,  Miss  Beau  Eeal  3d,  An- 
nabel, Cherry  Lass  and  Grove  Lassie ;  third  prize  to 
Gudgell  &  Simpson  on  Don  Carlos,  Myrtis,  Nor- 
mette,  Bright  Duchess  15th  and  Donna  Anna  9th; 
fourth  prize  to  C.  H.  Elmendorf  on  Earl  of  Shade- 
land  30th,  Lily,  Belle  Mode,  Lady  Daylight  and  Fair 
Nell.  Eelative  Fank  beyond  this  point  was  assigned 
to  the  various  herds  in  the  following  order:  Cos- 
grove,  Clark,  Makin  Bros.,  Fleming,  Eedhead  and 
Day. 

"The  young-herd  prize  fell  to  Messrs.  Gudgell  & 
Simpson  with  the  following  animals :  the  bull  Lamp 
lighter  and  heifers  Normette,  Bonnnie  Lulu  13th, 
Welcome  10th  and  Gertrude  5th.  Second  went  to  W. 


618  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

S.  VanNatta  on  Venture,  Cherry  Lass,  Fairy 
Brownie,  Grove  Lassie  and  Alberta;  third  to  H.  H. 
Clough  on  Actor,  Chestnut  Leaf,  Autumn  Leaf, 
Jewel  6th  and  Nutty ;  fourth  to  Makin  Bros,  on  Vin- 
cent 9th,  Lady  Wiltona  Vincent,  Lady  Geneve  Vin- 
cent, Stately  14th  and  Stately  10th ;  and  fifth  and 
sixh  rank  were  assigned  to  Cosgrove  and  Elmen- 
dorf  respectively. 

"In  the  class  for  four  animals  of  either  sex  under 
four  years  the  get  of  one  sire,  Elmendorf  was  first 
with  the  progeny  of  his  well  known  Garfield  bull 
Earl  of  Shadeland  30th,  the  winning  animals  con- 
sisting of  Eureka,  Lady  Daylight,  Lady  Lavender 
and  Lady  Laurel.  Second  went  to  the  progeny  of 
Don  Carlos,  shown  by  Gudgell  &  Simpson,  including 
the  two  bulls  Beau  Brummel  and  Lamplighter  and 
the  heifers  Donna  Anna  7th  and  Normette ;  third  to 
the  Cosgrove  Company  on  the  get  of  Wild  Eyes,  in- 
cluding the  bull  Wildy  29th  and  three  Wilton  heif- 
ers ;  fourth  to  Clough  on  the  progeny  of  Nutcracker. 

"The  first  prize  for  best  two  animals  of  either 
sex,  the  get  of  one  cow,  went  to  Makin  Bros,  on  bull 
Vincent  2d  and  heifer  Lady  Maud  Vincent;  second 
to  Cosgrove  on  bull  Bert  C.  and  cow  Wilton  Le 
Sueuress  43d;  third  to  F.  A.  Fleming  of  Canada; 
fourth  to  Elmendorf. " 

Dark  Days. — The  year  1893  will  not  soon  be  for- 
gotten by  those  who  were  in  debt  or  lacked  working 
capital.  A  financial  panic  swept  the  United  States 
from  end  to  end.  Money  went  in  hiding.  Banks 
failed.  Credits  were  destroyed.  Cash  could  not 
be  had  at  one  time  even  with  Government  bonds  as 
security.  The  cattle  business  suffered  its  full  share 
as  a  result  of  this  catastrophe.  Failures  were  nu- 
merous in  all  lines  of  business.  Confidence  was 


SOME   ROUSING   DEMONSTRATIONS  619 

temporarily  destroyed,  and  the  recovery  from  the. 
shock  was  a  long  and  tedious  process.  Owners  of 
pedigree  stock  did  not  escape  the  general  gloom. 
Values  fell  rapidly.  High-class  registered  animals 
sold  in  many  cases  at  their  mere  value  for  slaugh- 
ter at  the  yards — a  state  of  affairs  which  put  some 
people  out  of  business,  but  which  at  the  same  time 
put  others  in  at  a  bargain-counter  basis.  Those 
who  had  a  little  money  and  plenty  of  nerve  took  ad- 
vantage of  such  a  situation  to  stock  up.  What  was 
one  man's  misfortune  was  another's  opportunity. 

It  came  to  pass,  therefore,  that  the  great  Chicago 
show  marked  the  zenith  of  achievement  in  Here- 
ford cattle  breeding  circles  during  the  period  of 
their  first  great  enjoyment  of  popularity  in  the  west. 
With  this  description  of  that  event  we  enter  the 
shadows  of  an  era  of  profound  depression  in  all 
branches  of  pedigree  cattle  breeding  in  the  United 
States — a  period  which  brought  many  enforced 
changes  in  the  personnel  of  those  engaged  in  the  in- 
dustry, but  an  era  during  which  the  foundation  for 
a  more  enduring  prosperity  was  laboriously  but 
successfully  laid. 

A  Desperate  Depression. — Ten  years  had  now 
elapsed  since  the  great  importing  movement  had 
been  at  its  flood.  The  reaction  from  the  boom  had 
set  in  around  1885.  Although  at  first  a  slow  or 
creeping  decline,  it  had  been  expensive  to  some  of 
those  who  had  allowed  their  enthusiasm  or  their  cu- 
pidity to  run  away  with  good  judgment.  Prices  had 
fallen  steadily,  beginning  with  that  date  except  in 


620  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

the  case  of  top  cattle.  This,  however,  was  not  with- 
out its  redeeming  feature.  It  gave  the  western 
ranchmen  just  the  opportunity  needed  to  extend 
rapidly  the  sphere  of  Hereford  influence  on  the  open 
range,  and  this  was  taken  advantage  of  to  the  full- 
est possible  extent.  Many  speculators  and  "  but- 
terfly breeders, "  as  someone  happily  termed  those 
who  are  active  only  when  prosperity's  sun  is  shin- 
ing brightly,  already  had  disappeared  from  the 
ranks  when  the  great  panic  of  1893  fell  upon  the 
country  practically  without  warning, 


CHAPTER  XIV. 
DEFENDERS  OF  THE  FAITH. 

It  is  easy  to  swim  with  a  tide  that  is  flowing  free. 
Working  up-stream  is  quite  another  story.  Yet  this 
was  the  task  now  before  those  who  fought  to  main- 
tain the  herds  they  had  developed  at  such  cost  dur- 
ing the  golden  days  that  had  preceded.  We  are  un- 
fortunately prone,  in  this  western  country,  to  run 
to  extremes.  The  atmosphere  of  the  prairies,  the 
mountains  and  the  plains  breeds  optimism.  Else 
we  would  not  have  done  and  dared  those  deeds  of 
might  that  have  characterized  our  wondrous  growth. 
We  had  a  little  too  much  steam  on  in  our  western 
cattle  breeding.  The  crash  of  '93  brought  us  up 
to  an  era  of  liquidation  in  breeding  stock  which 
had  to  be  got  through  with  sooner  or  later,  and 
while  it  left  wrecks  in  its  pathway  it  was  the  real 
starting  point  of  the  great  constructive  era  upon 
which  we  now  enter. 

Men  of  faith,  men  of  strength,  men  of  dogged 
persistence  were  still  behind  the  Hereford.  The 
names  of  the  more  prominent  ones  weathering  the 
financial  gale  of  1893  will  still  figure  in  our  narra- 
tive, and  we  wish  in  passing  to  pay  tribute  to  that 
patient,  but  for  the  most  part  inconspicuous,  body 
of  farmer-breeders  who  from  Maine  to  California 

621 


622  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD  CATTLE 

held  fast  to  that  which  they  knew  to  be  good  through 
all  these  evil  days,  keeping  alive  the  fires  of  Here- 
ford patriotism  through  this  time  of  storm  and 
stress.  It  is  obviously  impractical,  however,  for  us 
to  go  up  and  down  all  the  by-ways  that  led  to  the 
firesides  of  these  steadfast  but  modest  keepers  of 
the  faith.  Their  names  are  in  the  records  of  their 
national  association,  and  the  work  they  did  during 
the  dark  days  of  which  we  write  still  lives. 

The  main  thread  of  our  story  is  still  best  fol- 
lowed along  the  trail  of  the  leading  shows. 

At  the  Fairs  of  '94. — Ancient  Briton  had 
been  bought  at  Mr.  Clough's  'dispersion  sale  of  1894 
at  $1,025  by  Redhead  Bros.,  of  Des  Moines,  and  was 
the  first-prize  and  champion  bull  of  the  year.  Mr. 
Sotham  had  by  this  time  established  himself  at 
Weavergrace  Farm,  Chillicothe,  Mo.,  where  he  had 
collected  a  valuable  lot  of  richly  bred  cattle  from  va- 
rious sources.  He  had  bought  the  bull  Alger,  that 
had  been  a  frequent  prize-winner  in  Michigan,  and 
at  Des  Moines  and  Lincoln  he  was  ranked  next  to 
Ancient  Briton.  He  was  sired  by  the  Grove  3d-Spar- 
tan  bull  Clarence  out  of  the  Tudge-bred  cow  Green- 
horn 5th.  Funkhouser  exhibited  this  year  as  a 
yearling  a  very  remarkable  young  bull  called  Free 
Lance,  sired  by  Beau  Eeal  out  of  the  famous  Lady 
Wilton,  that  only  lacked  stronger  condition  to  take 
highest  rank.  He  was  second  at  the  Iowa  show  to 
Sotham 's  Cordial  by  Harold  2d,  out  of  a  daughter 
of  Coral.  Sotham  had  pinned  his  faith  to  Correc- 
tor as  a  great  sire,  and  was  rewarded  at  Des  Moines 


DEFENDERS   OF    THE   FAITH  623 

by  receiving  first  in  bull  calves  on  one  of  his  sons, 
Chillicothe  out  of  Cherry  24th  by  Cedric.  The  Co- 
lumbian champion  female,  Mr.  VanNatta's  Annabel, 
had  now  become  Sotham's  property,  and  headed  the 
cows  at  Des  Moines,  defeating  that  other  noted  Van- 
Natta  product  Cherry  Duchess,  now  owned  by  the 
Messrs.  Bedhead.  Elmendorf's  Lady  Daylight, 
commonly  called  "Baby,"  was  easily  the  best  two- 
year-old  and  beat  Annabel  for  the  female  champion- 
ship. The  yearling  heifers  by  Hesiod  2d  shown  by 
Mr.  Funkhouser  were  up  to  the  best  standards  ever 
set  in  western  shows. 

At  the  Illinois  State  Fair,  held  at  Springfield, 
where  it  had  now  been  permanently  located,  Clark, 
Sotham,  Elmendorf  and  Funkhouser  fought  for 
place  under  Imboden's  judgment,  Ancient  Briton 
leading  the  senior  bulls.  Clark's  Lars,  son  of  Peer- 
less 3d,  as  a  two-year-old  weighed  near  2,000  pounds 
and  was  generally  allowed  to  be  the  best  bull  Mr. 
Clark  had  ever  bred.  He  had  an  Anxiety  loin,  a 
Peerless  head  and  a  Grove  3d  shortness  of  leg.  Cor- 
dial again  beat  Free  Lance,  and  Chillicothe  was  first 
among  bull  calves.  Annabel  led  the  cows,  and  Miss 
Wilton,  own-sister  to  Free  Lance,  was  drawn  for 
second.  Lady  Daylight  continued  her  victorious  ca- 
reer in  the  two-year-old  ring,  and  her  stablemate 
Lady  Laurel,  daughter  of  old  Lily,  was  second.  Bed- 
head's  Bright  Duchess  won  the  blue  in  the  yearlings, 
and  Clark  was  first  in  a  strong  class  of  calves  with 
Jessamine,  by  Peerless  Wilton. 

Some  Notable   Transactions.— In  the   spring  of 


624  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE  ' 

V 

1895  William  S.  VanNatta  bought  the  entire  herd 
of  S.  W.  Anderson  of  Asbury,  W.  Va.,  consisting  of 
40  females  and  10  bulls,  with  Earl  Wilton  31st  at 
the  head.  The  herd  of  John  S.  Carlyle,  deceased, 
was  closed  out  at  Vesta,  Neb.  Thomas  Clark  sold 
Sanhedrim  46180  to  W.  S.  Ikard  of  Henrietta,  Tex., 
and  T.  F.  B.  Sotham  acquired  the  herd  of  Samuel 
Weaver  of  Forsythe,  111. 

Charles  S.  Cross  Begins  Showing. — In  1895 
at  Des  Moines,  the  scene  of  so  many  notable  con- 
tests, a  new  name  appeared  in  the  entry  list,  that  of 
Charles  S.  Cross  of  Sunny  Slope  Farm,  Emporia, 
Kans.  Taking  advantage  of  the  ruinous  prices  that 
had  been  prevailing  he  began  accumulating  breeding 
cattle  of  a  superior  stamp,  including  the  great  Anx- 
iety bull  Beau  Real  and  several  of  his  daughters 
obtained  from  Mr.  Fowler  of  Maple  Hill,  who  had 
purchased  most  of  the  Shockey  &  Gibb  cattle.  Beau 
Eeal  died  soon  after,  however,  and  one  of  his  sons, 
Wild  Tom,  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  herd, 
which  a  few  years  later  came  into  national  promi- 
nence. At  two  years  old  the  badly  named  Wild  Tom 
was  sent  to  Des  Moines  accompanied  by  a  string  of 
heifer  calves.  The  Messrs.  Bedhead  had  divided 
their  show  material,  sending  Ancient  Briton  and  fe- 
males to  the  Wisconsin  State  Fair.  This  left  the 
Iowa  show  lamentably  weak.  Harry  Yeld  was  feed- 
ing the  Redhead  cattle  at  this  time,  and  he  certainly 
made  the  most  of  his  opportunities  in  their  behalf. 
Wild  Tom  was  a  wide-ribbed,  short-legged  bull  of 
good  substance  and  was  made  champion,  and  Eed- 


626  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

head's  Venus  6th,  by  Sir  Wilfred,  was  female 
champion. 

Lars  and  Free  Lance. — Illinois  undoubtedly  had 
the  best  show  of  Herefords  in  1895,  well  fitted  en- 
tries being  contributed  by  Clark,  Sotham,  Funk- 
houser,  Bedhead,  Todd  Benjamin,  Fluck  and  Elmen- 
dorf. 

Clark 's  Lars,  now  three-year-old,  came  into  the 
ring  weighing  2,400  pounds,  deep,  round  and  level, 
after  having  beaten  Ancient  Briton  at  Minneapolis, 
and  was  ranked  above  Wilton  Grove.  Alger,  now 
beginning  to  age,  had  third.  Ancient  Briton  was 
not  shown.  Next  to  Lars  the  best  Hereford  bull  on 
the  road  in  1895  was  clearly  Free  Lance.  Mr.  Funk- 
houser's  manager,  Will  Willis,  had  handled  this  bull 
with  consummate  skill  from  a  feeder's  standpoint, 
and  sent  him  into  the  ring  a  fit  pattern  of  a  high- 
class  show  bull.  He  had  style,  flesh  and  finish,  and 
gave  Lars  a  good  fight  for  the  championship  of  the 
class.  Sotham 's  yearling  Protection,  by  Corrector 
out  of  Coral,  a  bull  of  exceptional  promise,  made  a 
satisfactory  leader  in  the  yearlings.  Hesiod  20th 
was  best  calf. 

The  great  Lady  Laurel  was  the  blue  ribbon  cow, 
now  even  a  finer  type  than  her  illustrious  dam  had 
been.  Lady  Daylight  stood  second.  Both  had  calves 
at  foot.  Funkhouser's  Lorena  here  turned  the  ta- 
bles on  Bright  Duchess.  Both  were  extraordinary 
two-year-olds.  The  yearling  contest  was  between 
Clark's  Jessamine  and  Sotham 's  Grace,  the  former 
gaming  the  judicial  favor.  Funkhouser's  Dewdrop, 


DEFENDERS   OF    THE   FAITH  627 

by  Hesiod  2d,  topped  the  heifer  calves.  Clark  won  on 
herd,  with  Funkhouser  second.  Sotham  captured 
the  young  herd  prize,  with  Protection,  Benita, 
Grace,  Lady  Chloe  and  Lady  Plushcoat,  all  Correc- 
tors but  one,  and  a  finely  finished  group  they  were. 
Clark 's  Peerless  Wiltons  had  the  get-of-sire  ribbon, 
the  Correctors  coming  second  and  the  Hesiods  third. 
Lars  was  senior,  and  Free  Lance  junior  champion, 
bull.  Lady  Laurel  and  Jessamine  were  the  female 
champions. 

Trade  Slowly  Revives  in  1896. — Prices  were 
still  unsatisfactory.  Sotham  sold  in  April  at  Weaver- 
grace  19  bulls  at  auction  at  an  average  of  $200,  the 
highest  price  being  $500  for  Exemplar  to  Mr.  Tug- 
gle.  Twenty-nine  females  sold  at  an  average  of 
$145.  In  October  Gudgell  &  Simpson  and  Mr.  Funk- 
houser sold  73  head  at  Kansas  City  for  an  average 
of  $168.75,  24  bulls  averaging  $196  and  the  tops  be- 
ing $665  for  Hesiod  30th  to  N.  W.  Leonard  and  $425 
for  Hesiod  29th  to  Scott  &  March. 

On  the  western  fair  circuit  Sotham,  Bedhead,  El- 
mendorf  and  Funkhouser  were  the  leading  exhibi- 
tors. In  Minnesota  Sotham 's  Protection  and  Grace 
were  champions.  In  Nebraska  Elmendorf  led  the 
aged  bulls  with  St.  Louis  and  Funkhouser  the  young- 
sters with  Hesiod  29th.  Lady  Laurel  was  champion 
cow  and  Funkhouser 's  Dewdrop  best  heifer.  These 
same  cattle  were  in  stellar  roles  at  Des  Moines. 

Clark's  Lars  was  champion  bull  at  Springfield, 
and  was  thus  described : 

"Lars  is  one  of  the  outstanding  animals.     His 


628  A   HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

shoulders  are  too  prominent,  he  needs  a  little  filling 
about  the  tail  and  his  hair  is  perhaps  inclined  to  be 
harsh,  but  when  that  is  said  the  bag  of  the  stone- 
throwing  critic  is  empty  of  missiles.  Such  massive- 
ness  on  such  short  'pegs'  has  rarely  if  ever  been 
seen  in  an  American  showyard.  The  bull  is  shaped 
like  a  barrel,  *  rotund '  is  the  word ;  barring  his  shoul- 
ders and  his  bit  of  a  dip  at  the  tail  he  is  round  and 
smooth  as  an  apple.  As  a  flesh-carrier  he  presents 
one  of  the  most  striking  illustrations  of  the  deep- 
fleshing  qualities  of  this  great  breed.  It  need  hardly 
be  recalled  that  he  is  a  son  of  Capt.  Kidd  (of  Grove 
3d  blood)  and  Clark's  great  show  cow  Peerless  3d." 

VanNatta's  Actor,  with  his  Anxiety  blood  clearly 
revealed  in  his  great  loin,  was  second.  Sotham  had 
no  competition  on  Protection  in  two-year-olds,  and 
in  yearlings  Clark  scored  with  Littleton,  son  of  Lars. 
Cherry  Duchess  by  Cherry  Boy  headed  the  cows, 
and  Clark's  Jessamine  ranked  the  two-year-olds, 
with  Sotham 's  Grace  second.  Clark  won  both  herd 
prizes,  and  Funkhouser  had  the  get-of-sire  prize  on 
his  Hesiods. 

Ancient  Briton  Goes  To  Texas. — In  the 
spring  of  1897  values  and  public  interest  in  Here- 
fords  began  to  expand  throughout  the  entire  west. 
There  had  been  four  lean  years  sure  enough.  Those 
who  had  held  on  and  those  who  had  accumulated 
good  breeding  stock  at  the  low  prices  prevailing  now 
began  to  reap  the  benefit. 

Col.  C.  C.  Slaughter  of  Dallas,  Tex.,  owner  of  one 
of  the  leading  southwestern  herds,  bought  a  big  lot 
of  good  bulls,  including  Ancient  Briton  at  $2,500. 
After  this  sale  $1,000  each  was  refused  for  three 


DEFENDERS   OF    THE   FAITH  629 

of  Ancient  Briton's  sons — Christmas  Gift,  Country 
Gentleman  and  Little  Briton. 

Kirk  B.  Armour,  whose  herd  at  Excelsior  Springs, 
Mo.,  included  a  lot  of  fine  old  Culbertson  cows  bought 
the  bull  St.  Louis  at  $800,  Lady  Laurel  at  $1,000 
and  Dimple,  a  daughter  of  Lady  Daylight,  at  $700.  - 

F.  A.  Nave  of  Attica,  Ind.,  shortly  to  become  very 
prominent  in  the  trade,  bought  the  bull  Dale  for 
$1,000  at  Harness  &  Graves '  Chicago  sale,  where  24 
head  sold  at  an  average  of  $226. 

Sotliam  sold  56  head  at  an  average  of  $214,  in- 
cluding Sir  Comewell  to  Mr.  Hornaday  of  Ft.  Scott, 
Kans.,  for  $840,  Col.  Slaughter  securing  Protection, 
then  four  years  old,  at  the  comparatively  low  price 
of  $450.  Scott  &  March  sold  72  calves,  from  eleven 
to  fourteen  months  old,  in  the  spring  of  1897  for 
$11,400,  for  range  use. 

The  Shows  of  1897.— The  Hereford  classes  at 
the  leading  fairs  of  1897  were  well  filled.  New  ex- 
hibitors entered  the  lists  and  the  average  quality  of 
the  entries  was  exceptional.  In  the  west  Mr.  Cross 
contributed  largely  to  the  success  of  the  Hereford 
presentation.  Mr.  Funkhouser's  entries  were  of 
outstanding  excellence  and  the  newly  organized  firm 
of  Steward  &  Hutcheon  came  forward  for  the  first 
time  with  well  fitted  cattle  of  an  admirable  type. 
John  Steward  had  been  for  many  years  Mr.  VanNat- 
ta's  trusty  manager.  Will  Hutcheon  had  been  with 
Hon.  M.  H.  Cochrane  at  Hillhurst,  and  latterly  had 
assisted  Steward  at  VanNatta's.  They  had  now 
formed  a  co-partnership,  and  engaged  in  the  breed- 


630  A  HISTORY  OP  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ing  of  Herefords  on  their  own  account  at  Green- 
wood, Mo.  What  they  may  have  lacked  in  capital 
they  made  up  in  sound  judgment  and  practical 
knowledge  of  all  the  "ins  and  outs"  of  the  fitter's 
art.  Another  real  artist  in  the  business  of  selecting 
and  fitting  showyard  material,  Mr.  Ed.  Taylor,  was 
in  charge  of  Mr.  Sotham  's  cattle,  and  his  entries 
were  always  presented  in  the  best  of  bloom. 

The  trouble  began  at  the  Minnesota  show  when 
Mr.  Cross,  Mr.  Sotham,  and  Steward  &  Hutcheon 
first  crossed  swords.  Sunny  Slope's  sturdy  son  of 
Beau  Real,  Wild  Tom,  ran  away  with  senior  bull 
honors,  and  Sotham  was  second  in  two-year-olds  and 
yearlings  with  the  Corrector  bulls,  Sir  Bredwell  and 
Thickset.  The  former  weighed  1,900  pounds,  was 
from  a  Grove  3d-Spartan  dam,  and  joined  fine  breed 
character  to  rare  scale.  Thickset  was  a  grand  type, 
rich  in  his  flesh,  evenly  fashioned  throughout,  with 
faultless  head  and  horn,  gay  carriage  and  shown  at 
a  weight  of  1,600  pounds  at  eighteen  months.  He 
was  out  of  Grove  Lassie  by  Star  Grove  1st,  and  his 
grandam  was  Lassie  by  Mr.  VanNatta's  Fowler. 
Sotham  scored  again  in  bull  calves  with  the  double 
Corrector  Excellent,  by  Exemplar  out  of  the  famous 
Grace. 

A  Memorable  Minnesota  Contest.— The  females 
at  this  show  were  of  extraordinary  merit.  In 
fact,  the  female  classes  were  strong  throughout. 
Public  interest  in  the  judging  was  at  fever  heat  with 
Prof.  C.  F.  Curtiss  on  the  bench.  The  writer  hereof 
witnessed  most  of  the  contests  of  this  period,  and 


THOS.  F.  B.  SOTHAM, 


632  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

the  subjoined  description  written  at  the  time  will 
not  only  serve  to  reflect  the  character  of  the  ani- 
mals shown,  but  will  indicate  the  efforts  made  by 
"The  Breeder's  Gazette,"  then  as  now,  to  keep  the 
public  fully  advised  as  to  what  was  transpiring  at 
the  great  shows  of  the  period.  We  quote : 

"Six  superb  cows  started  an  argument  which  was 
still  going  on  at  last  accounts,  and  made  the  strong- 
est show  of  mature  females  of  the  beef  breeds  seen 
in  the  yard  during  the  entire  week.  Messrs.  Stew- 
ard &  Hutcheon  drew  forward  a  pair  of  Anxieties 
that  would  ornament  any  pasture  in  England  or 
America — the  six-year-old  Maud  of  Mr.  Wm.  S.  Van- 
Natta's  breeding,  by  Anxiety  5th  from  a  cow  of  C. 
K.  Parmelee's,  and  Pretty  Lady  by  Don  Juan,  from 
the  great  Gudgell  &  Simpson  herd.  Mr.  Sotham 
rested  his  case  upon  the  beautiful  three-year-old 
Benita,  by  Corrector  from  an  Archibald  dam,  and 
Mr.  Cross  complicated  matters  by  offering  Annette, 
by  Eureka,  Eobertha,  by  Beau  Real  of  World's  Fair 
fame  and  Makin  Bros.'  breeding,  and  the  massive 
Mary  Benjamina,  by  Richard  Grove.  Director  Cur- 
tiss  said:  i First  to  Benita,  Annette  second,  and 
Maude  commended.'  Equally  good  authority  re- 
vised this  to  read:  ' Maude  first,  Benita  second,  An- 
nette commended,'  but  the  ribbons  of  course  fol- 
lowed the  fiat  of  the  awarding  judge.  Eobertha 's 
peerless  head  and  beautiful  forward  finish  is  mar- 
ried by  lack; of  levelness  behind  the  hips.  Mary's 
\tonderful  scale  and  great  quarters  could  scarcely 
prevail  against  the  superior  smoothness  and  refine- 
ment of  the  three  favorites  named.  Benita  is  a  cow 
ojf  splendid  quality,  with  fine  head,  neck  and  shoul- 
ders, and  a  table-back.  She  is  a  bit  upstanding  as 
compared  with  such  as  Annette,  Robertha  and  Maud, 
but  is  in  nice  bloom,  handles  well,  and  has  an  ele- 


DEFENDERS   OF    THE   FAITH  633 

gant  heifer  calf  at  foot  by  Protection.  Annette  is 
scarcely  as  breedy  a  type  as  Benita  or  Maude,  but 
on  the  beef  proposition  she  is  a  hard  nut  to  crack. 
Just  a  little  inclined  to  roll,  she  is  yet  compactly 
fashioned  and  so  full  of  flesh  that  she  cannot  be  de- 
nied position.  Maude  is  a  Hereford  cow  such  as 
breeders  often  dream  about  and  now  and  then  pro- 
duce. She  is  rather  soft  in  her  handling  and  some- 
what gaudy  about  the  tail-root,  but  is  marvelous  in 
her  smoothness  everywhere  else,  extraordinary  in 
her  shoulders  and  heart,  strong  in  her  back,  has  fine 
width,  great  depth,  good  length,  low  short  neat  legs, 
and  a  good  head  carried  on  a  thin  breeding-cow's 
neck.  She  has  also  been  a  prolific  breeder. 

4 'Beau  Real's  Maid  did  what  it  has  been  thought 
she  was  capable  of  accomplishing  all  summer.  In 
fact  she  did  more.  She  was  not  only  the  blue  ribbon 
two-year-old,  but  later  on  was  crowned  queen  of  the 
white-faced  females  two  years  old  or  over  in  compe- 
tition with  the  grand  cows  just  described.  Such  rec- 
ognition is  sufficient  to  give  Sunny  Slope  place  at 
once  high  in  the  list  of  nurseries  of  top-notch  Here- 
fords.  A  sweeter  or  more  symmetrical  white-faced 
maiden  has  not  been  thrown  by  America's  breeding 
herds  in  recent  years.  Evenly  good  from  horns  to 
hoofs,  criticism  becomes  virtually  disarmed  as  her 
rare  character  develops  under  close  examination. 
Neat  in  her  head  and  horn  and  beautifully  filled  in  her 
bosom,  she  shows  a  pair  of  elegantly  modeled  shoul- 
ders, a  well  rounded  chine,  wide  thick-meated  ribs, 
captivating  wealth  of  loin,  and  good  quarters.  In 
making  up  her  showyard  raiment  the  feeder  did  not 
forget  his  Shakespeare.  At  any  rate  the  advice  of 
Polonius  to  Laertes  had  been  heeded.  'Rich  not 
gaudy,'  in  her  covering,  she  brings  to  the  Hereford 
camp  this  fall  as  handsome  a  body  of  beef  as  con- 
noisseur could  covet.  Mr.  Sotham's  good  Lady 


634  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Plushcoat,  by  Corrector  out  of  a  daughter  of  Dr. 
Grove,  made  a  strong  second.  She  carries  a  world 
of  flesh  along  her  rib  and  across  her  loin,  although 
not  quite  true  behind.  The  same  stable  supplied  the 
third-prize  heifer  Lady  Chloe  by  old  Alger,  that 
went  to  Texas  two  years  ago  to  show  the  Southrons 
how  big  and  massive  a  Hereford  may  be  made. 
Chloe 's  dam  is  a  daughter  of  the  celebrated  Coral 
and  she  is  worthy  of  her  high-class  ancestry.  She 
has  a  refined  front  and  is  deep  in  her  flesh,  but  a  bit 
uneven  in  her  back. 

"A  month  ago  Sunny  Slope's  buxom  Wild  Tom 
heifer  Miranda  would  probably  have  topped  the 
yearlings  seen  at  this  fair,  but  she  was  not  herself 
last  week  and  failed  to  put  up  her  customary  show. 
A  good  substitute  was  found,  however,  in  her  half- 
sister  (by  same  sire)  Pretty  Maid,  chosen  by  Prof. 
Curtiss  to  wear  the  blue.  Not  so  blocky  as  Miranda, 
she  is  yet  a  strong,  well  grown,  firmly  fleshed  heifer. 
Sotham's  Lady  Coral  (own  sister  to  Lady  Chloe), 
that  has  inherited  a  grand  loin  from  her  sire  Alger, 
was  drawn  for  second  and  Steward  &  Hutcheon 
were  relegated  to  third  with  Salina  (bred  by  Mr. 
VanNatta,  and  shown  by  him  as  a  calf  last  fall),  a 
daughter  of  the  Sotham-bred  Eureka.  She  is  of  a 
very  wide-ribbed,  tidy,  low-down  type  and  was  slated 
by  some  of  'the  boys'  to  top  the  class.  She  is  indeed 
a  beefy  one,  but  somewhat  uneven  in  her  back  and  at 
setting  on  of  tail.  Seven  heifer  calves  were  quite 
as  hard  to  judge  as  were  the  cows.  Three  of  these 
were  genuine  Klondyke  nuggets — rich,  yellow,  and 
good  as  gold  in  the  present  state  of  Hereford  trade. 
There  was  Sotham's  Georgina  (own  sister  to  Grace 
and  Sir  Comewell),  same  owner's  Benison  (by  Cor- 
rector from  the  first-prize  cow  Benita),  and  Sunny 
Slope's  Diana,  by  Archibald  5th.  The  Gazette  passes 


DEFENDERS  OF   THE  FAITH  635 

up  the  task  of  determining  the  relative  merit  of 
these  three  ripe,  sappy,  low-legged  beauties.  It  is 
probable  that  the  judge  had  a  majority  of  the  on- 
lookers with  him,  however,  when  he  drew  Georgina 
for  first.  At  seven  months  she  is  probably  the  best- 
developed  calf  seen  at  leading  fairs  in  many  years. 
Mr.Sotham  and  herdsman  Taylor  are  indeed  entitled 
to  warmest  congratulations  upon  the  production  of 
such  a  grand  specimen  of  early  maturity.  Benison, 
by  the  famous  Protection,  has  a  truly  wonderful 
back  and  is  also  a  great  triumph  for  Weavergrace 
principles.  Such  a  pair  are  rarely  produced  in  any 
one  herd  in  one  season.  Diana  is  a  fully  developed 
cow  in  miniature,  a  little  wonder  in  her  way.  This 
trio'  were  of  a  type  and  had  the  ribbons  gone  to  them 
it  would  have  made  little  difference,  so  far  as  the 
equities  were  concerned,  as  to  relative  ratings.  Prof. 
Curtiss  realized  this,  but  found  such  a  lot  of  good 
flesh  on  the  growthier  Wild  Tom  calf  Dorcas  that 
he  braved  criticism  long  enough  to  pull  her  in  be- 
tween Georgina  and  Benison  for  second,  leaving  Di- 
ana hunting  for  honors  elsewhere,  which,  by  the  way, 
she  found  in  good  shape  a  little  later  in  the  contest 
for  champion  calf  of  any  beef  breed,  as  appears  be- 
low. 

"Wild  Tom  was  declared  champion  bull  two  years 
old  or  over  and  Thickset  was  made  junior  champion. 
Beau  Real's  Maid  and  Georgina  were  given  the  sen- 
ior and  junior  female  championships  respectively. 
Sotham  won  the  young  herd  prize  with  Thickset, 
Lady  Coral,  Lady  Brenda,  Georgina  and  Benison, 
and  also  the  get-of-bull  contest  with  a  company  of 
Correctors. " 

A  Typical  Breed  Battle.— These  were  still  the 
foolish  old  days  of  breed  competitions,  now  hap- 
pily a  thing  of  the  past.  It  may  be  interesting, 


636  A   HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

therefore,  as  illustrating  what  happened  under  the 
system  then  in  vogue  to  reproduce  our  account  of 
the  " grand  sweepstakes — open  to  all  beef  breeds" 
at  this  Minnesota  State  Fair  of  1897 : 

4  *  Profs,  Curtiss  and  Shaw  and  Charles  Kerr  pre- 
sided at  the  drawing  in  this  important  distribution 
of  cash,  and  after  the  revolutions  of  the  wheel  had 
ceased  it  appeared  that  on  the  whole  a  fairly  even 
divide  was  secured. 

"Sweepstakes  by  ages  came  first  and  Mr.  H,  F. 
Brown's  Cruickshank  Shorthorn  Victor  of  Brown- 
dale  pulled  down  the  first  plum — that  for  best  bull 
of  any  beef  breed  three  years  old  or  over.  Goodwin 
&  Judy's  Blackcap  King  was  declared  best  two-year- 
old,  and  Mr.  Sotham  's  Thickset  claimed  the  yearling 
bull  championship  of  the  yard.  Honors  were  there- 
fore easy  up  to  this  point,  but  Sotham  closed  up 
the  bull  classes  with  a  calf  victory  on  Grace's  sappy 
son  Excellent.  The  first  round  therefore  ended 
rather  to  the  advantage  of  the  *  white  faces.' 

"In  the  cow  class  the  problem  was  about  like  this : 
'Here  is  a  peach,  a  pear  and  a  plum,  all  luscious 
specimens;  which  is  the  best  fruit?'  A  nice  query 
for  a  state  fair  association  to  propound,  isn't  it?  Re- 
minds us  of  our  school-boy  debates  upon  such 
weighty  questions  as,  ' Which  is  the  most  destruc- 
tive agent,  fire  or  water?'  or,  ' Which  is  the  most 
dangerous  calling,  that  of  a  soldier  or  sailor?'  The 
jury  said  they  preferred  plums.  That  is  they 
awarded  the  palm  to  that  model  of  'doddie'  neatness 
and  compactness — Goodwin  &  Judy's  round  ripe  Za- 
ra  5th.  The  best  two-year-old  heifer  in  the  yard  was 
found  in  the  comely  Shorthorn  Browndale's  Ella 
Kennedy.  The  best  vearling  turned  up  in  Mc- 
Henry's  Pride  7th  and  the  crack  calf  was  declared 
to  be  Mr.  Cross'  Diana,  which  as  mentioned  in  our 


DEFENDERS  OF   THE  FAITH  637 

• 

review  of  the  Hereford  class  above,  failed  of  recog- 
nition the  day  previous.  It  thus  appears  that  the 
Heref ords  and  Angus  had  the  best  of  the  fight  up  to 
this  point,  winning  six  (three  each)  out  of  the  eight 
rounds.  Mr.  Brown  had  two  falls  to  the  credit  of 
the  Shorthorns,  however,  and  bided  his  time. 

"In  the  class  for  best  herd  under  two  years,  to 
consist  of  one  bull  and  four  females  (latter  to  be 
bred  by  exhibitor),  the  'bonnie  blacks'  repeated 
their  remarkable  performance  of  last  year,  drawing 
both  first  and  second ;  Mr.  McHenry  .had  the  honor 
of  holding  the  right  of  the  line  with  his  Blackbird 
bull  and  blooming  bevy  of  rich-backed  heifers,  Good- 
win &  Judy  receiving  second  and  Mr.  Sotham  third 
for  the  Heref  ords — more  'soup'  for  the  Shorthorns. 

"When  Goodwin  &  Judy  plucked  the  prize  for 
best  four  (or  more)  cattle  of  any  age  or  either  sex 
the  get  of  one  bull  with  Blackcap  King,  Zaras  5th 
and  9th  and  Blackcap  13th  (own  sister  to  the  King), 
all  by  Black  Monk,  it  looked  still  blacker  for  the  ri- 
val breeds,  and  to  add  to  the  gloom  that  seemed 
settling  down  over  the  Shorthorn  camp  Sotham 
found  second  on  his  Correctors  (Sir  Bredwell, 
Thickset,  Benita,  Lady  Plushcoat  and  Georgina). 
The  Browndale  Golden  Eules  (Spicey  4th,  Ella  Ken- 
nedy, Golden  Princess  and  a  Waterloo  heifer)  were 
third. 

"When  the  grand  finale  was  reached,  however,  the 
$650  capital  prize,  the  sun  rose  bright  and  clear 
over  the  Shorthorn  host  and  equilibrium  was  re- 
stored by  a  decision  which  sent  the  grand  prize 
of  all  to  Mr.  Brown's  Victor  of  Browndale,  Spicey 
of  Browndale  4th,  Ella  Kennedy,  Waterloo  of 
Browndale  7th,  and  Golden  Minnie.  The  blacks  were 
close  in  at  the  death,  Goodwin  &  Judy  claiming  the 
red  with  Blackcap  King,  Zaras  5th  and  9th,  Rose- 


638  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE. 

• 

bud  Eho,  and  Blackbird  heifer  calf.  Third  honors 
rested  upon  the  Sunny  Slope  Herefords,  consisting 
of  Wild  Tom,  Annette,  Beau  Keal's  Maid,  Pretty 
Maid  and  Diana,  with  Sotham 's  Thickset,  Benita, 
Lady  Plushcoat,  Lady  Coral  and  Georgina  fourth. " 

"The  Gory  Hill  of  Hamline. "— It  was  at  this 
same  show  that  a  famous  fight  over  a  "breeder's 
stake "  occurred,  calling  out  the  following  comment, 
made  at  the  time  by  the  author : 

"This  association  has  in  its  prize-list  another  big 
bone  of  contention  known  as  a  breeder's  stake :  'For 
the  best  beef  herd  of  cattle,  six  in  number,  any  age, 
of  any  breed  or  sex,  owned  and  bred  by  the  exhibi- 
tor. Conditions :  One  hundred  dollars  entrance  fee 
and  $100  added  by  the  society.  The  whole  amount 
of  the  stake  to  be  divided  as  follows :  To  the  best  lot, 
50  per  cent  of  the  stake;  to  the  second  best  lot,  25 
per  cent  of  the  stake;  to  the  third  best  lot,  15  per 
cent  of  the  stake ;  to  the  fourth  best  lot,  10  per  cent 
of  the  stake.'  Four  exhibitors  concluded  to  go  out 
after  this  Friday  morning,  making  the  value  of  the 
stake  $500.  Prof.  Shaw  and  Mr.  Kerr  were  called 
and  sent  the  $250  to  Mr.  Sotham 's  Herefords — Sir 
Bredwell,  Thickset,  Excellent,  Benita,  Lady  Chloe 
and  Benison — three  bulls  and  three  females,  placing 
the  Browndale  Shorthorns  second,  Goodwin  & 
Judy's  Angus  third,  and  Mr.  Westrope's  Shorthorns 
fourth,  so  that  each  participant  had  a  place.  The 
judges  acknowledged  the  great  merit  of  Mr.  Brown's 
Shorthorns  as  individuals,  but  awarded  the  first 
place  to  Sotham  because,  as  they  expressed  it,  'of 
their  uniformity  in  the  ideal  type  of  a  beef  animal ' ; 
adding  that  as  'representing  the  skill  of  the  breeder 
in  molding  refinement,  type  and  finish  the  winning 
herd  proves  Mr.  Sotham  unequaled  in  results. '  The 
even  division  of  the  sexes  was  another  point  in  fa- 


DEFENDERS  OF   THE  FAITH  639 

vor  of  the  Sotham  entry,  showing  good  work  in 
breeding  both  bulls  and  heifers.  There  was  but  one 
bull  in  each  of  the  other  herds.  The  jury  further  re- 
ported: 'In  a  breeder's  exhibit  uniformity  of  ideal 
type  should  and  did  outweigh  a  collection  of  prime 
animals  of  different  types/  In  this  respect  the 
Judy  Angus  entry  was  backed  for  second  place. 

"And  so  the  battle  of  the  breeds  was  ended.  Each 
interest  had  received  i distinguished  consideration,' 
and,  while  all  were  not  entirely  happy,  white-winged 
peace  brooded  that  night  over  the  beef  cattle  barns 
on  the  erstwhile  gory  hill  of  Hamline. ' ' 

At  Des  Moines  Funkhouser  appeared  with  a  great 
string  of  show  cattle  headed  by  Free  Lance,  and 
Scott  &  March  of  Belton,  Mo.,  added  to  the  fame  of 
the  Plattsburg  establishment  by  exhibiting  in  capital 
form  the  splendid  yearling  bull  Hesiod  29th.  Free 
Lance  was  the  product  of  the  union  of  two  excep- 
tional animals,  Beau  Eeal  and  Lady  Wilton.  The 
latter  had  been  bought  by  Mr.  Funkhouser  at  the 
Fowler  dispersion  sale  at  Kansas  City  in  February, 
1893,  at  a  low  price.  It  was  not  certain  that  she  was 
still  a  useful  breeding  proposition,  but  as  these  were 
dolorous  days,  dollar-wise  in  the  cattle  trade,  one 
could  afford  to  take  a  chance  upon  almost  anything 
at  the  prices  current.  Steward  &  Hutcheon, 
George  Bedhead,  Z.  T.  Kinsell  and  others  rounded 
out  a  strong  white-faced  entry.  Funkhouser  had  the 
male  and  female  championships  with  Free  Lance 
and  Cherry,  by  Cherry  Boy,  both  herd  prizes,  get- 
of-sire  and  produce-of-cow.  Will  Willis '  cup  was 
truly  overflowing. 

First  Appearance  of  Dale. — In  the  east  a  new 


640  A   HISTORY   OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

sensation  was  sprung  by  Harness  &  Graves  of  Indi- 
ana. At  New  York  State  Fair  they  had  the  bull 
championship  on  Columbus,  by  Earl  of  Shadeland 
41st,  and  at  Indianapolis  Mr.  I.  M.  Forbes,  the  well 
known  Shorthorn  breeder  of  Henry,  111.,  acting  as 
judge  under  the  Governor  of  the  state,  Hon.  Claude 
Matthews,  as  superintendent,  had  placed  this  mas- 
sive bull  ahead  of  Wild  Tom.  In  the  yearling  ring 
these  same  exhibitors  presented  a  son  of  Columbus 
named  Dale  that  not  only  won  first  in  his  class,  but 
the  male  championship  as  well.  He  was  the  phe- 
nomenal youngster  of  the  year,  and  only  at  the  com- 
mencement of  a  career  equalled  by  few  American- 
bred  cattle  of  his  day  and  generation. 

Tom  Clark's  Jessamine  easily  led  the  cows  at  this 
Hoosier  show,  but  in  two-year-olds  his  grand  heifer 
Juno  gave  way  by  Mr.  Forbes'  direction  to  Mr. 
Cross'  l)ig,  smooth,  broadtopped  Beau  Eeal's  Maid. 
Jessamine  won  the  female  championship  and  Mr. 
Clark's  brave  array  of  the  get  of  Peerless  Wilton 
drew  the  much  coveted  get-of-sire  award. 

John  Lewis  and  His  Troubles  at  Spring- 
field—At the  Illinois  State  Fair  of  1897  "  Uncle 
John"  Lewis,  Shadeland 's  " grand  old  man"  tied 
the  ribbons  on  one  of  the  best  Hereford  shows  of  the 
period  of  which  we  write.  Clark,  Cross,  Funk- 
houser,  and  Sotham  furnished  competition  that  sup- 
plied the  "thrills."  Here  is  our  comment  on  Free 
Lance  and  Wild  Tom,  the  aged  bull  antagonists, 
as  written  at  the  time : 

"In  the  senior  bull  class  it  was  Free  Lance  51626 


JOHN   LEWIS. 


642  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

vs.  Wild  Tom  51592,  a  little  family  affair  as  it  were, 
both  animals  being  sons  of  the  celebrated  Anxiety 
bull  Beau  Seal,  and  both  having  been  bred  on  the 
same  farm — the  Fowler  ranch  at  Maple  Hill,  Kans. 
The  Funkhouser  bull  is  possessed  of  such  an  over- 
powering bulk  that  Wild  Tom  with  all  his  weight 
looked  a  veritable  David  alongside  the  Missouri 
Goliath  of  bulls;  but  the  giant  in  this  case  won. 
They  are  animals  of  such  a  materially  different  type 
that  it  is  difficult  to  rate  them.  Tom  is  short-legged 
and  thoroughly  masculine.  Free  Lance  is  projected 
on  a  bolder  scale  and  his  head  and  horns  have  even 
more  refinement  than  usually  characterizes  the  Wil- 
ton family,  to  which  his  famous  dam  belongs.  Tom 
is  six  months  older  than  his  half-brother  and  has 
done  heavier  work  as  a  stock  bull.  He  rests  his 
claims  for  recognition  rather  upon  his  business  ca- 
pacity than  showyard  finish.  Free  Lance  had  one 
of  the  best  mothers  ever  seen  in  a  Hereford  herd — 
imp.  Lady  Wilton.  He  had  a  back  like  an  English 
billiard  table  and  a  heart  girth  such  as  is  not  seen 
more  than  once  in  a  decade.  Tom  is  also  possessed 
of  all  necessary  substance,  shows  breadth  of  rib  and 
loin  proportioned  to  his  inches  and  had  for  dam  a 
daughter  of  Bredwardine  by  old  Horace.  The  same 
breeder  who  would  feel  compelled  to  give  Mr.  Funk- 
houser's  remarkable  bull  a  prize  over  Tom  might 
prefer  the  latter  for  breeding  purposes,  but  as  to 
Free  Lance's  showyard  strength  there  can  be  no 
dispute." 

Sotham's  Sir  Bredwell  was  easily  first  in  two- 
year-olds,  but  in  yearlings  there  was  battle  royal. 
Let  us  quote  again  from  ' t  our  favorite  author ' ' : 

"In  yearlings  two  compact  thick-fleshed  bulls  of 
outstanding  merit  had  to  be  reckoned  with — Hesiod 
29th  66304  and  Thickset— the  former  of  Mr.  Funk- 


DEFENDERS  OF  THE  FAITH  643 

houser's  breeding  and  now  the  property  of  Messrs 
Scott  &  March  of  Belton,  Mo.,  and  the  latter  bred 
and  owned  by  Mr.  Sotham  of  Weavergrace.  Thickset 
is  the  stronger-backed  bull,  but  Hesiod  has  the 
greater  depth  of  body.  The  Corrector  has  the  usual 
good  head  and  horn  of  the  Sotham  stock,  but  the  He- 
siod is  also  faultless  in  the  same  particulars.  Thick- 
set has  a  grand  chine  and  rib,  but  is  fairly  matched 
by  Hesiod 's  well  covered  shoulders  and  strong  heart- 
girth.  They  are  indeed  a  royal  pair,  and  no  show- 
yard  decision  can  add  to  or  detract  from  the  fair 
fame  of  either.  Hesiod  29th  was  given  first  and 
Mr.  Sotham 's  bull  second. " 

Beau  Real's  Maid,  Juno,  and  Dewdrop.— 
In  the  cow  class  Clark's  Peerless  Wilton- Anxiety 
3d  marvel  Jessamine,  with  her  furry  coat,  wonder- 
ful substance,  flesh  and  finish,  was  unapproached, 
but  in  two-year-olds  there  was  approximate  perfec- 
tion in  several  quarters.  This  ring  witnessed  the 
meeting  of  Beau  KeaPs  Maid,  Juno  and  Dewdrop — 
three  of  the  best  white-faced  females  bred  in  this 
country  during  the  period  under  review.  Sotham 's 
Lady  Chloe  was  in  the  fight  also,  but  was  scarcely 
thought  equal  to  the  job  of  turning  down  either  of 
the  three  first-named.  The  glorious  uncertainty  of 
the  showyard,  however,  here  found  fresh  exemplifi- 
cation. Sunny  Slope's  daughter  of  Beau  Real  had 
met  and  defeated  Lady  Chloe  at  Hamline.  Juno  had 
been  seen  at  Indianapolis  and  Milwaukee  and  in 
each  case  judgment  was  rendered  for  Beau  Real's 
Maid.  Dewdrop  had  met  neither  of  these  heifers  at 
Des  Moines.  Our  comment  at  the  ringside  follows : 

"Mr.  Lewis  began  by  throwing  Mr.  Funkhouser's 


644  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

broad  deep  daughter  of  Hesiod  2d  entirely  out  of  the 
running.  She  has  not  held  just  level  in  her  mar- 
velous back.  That  must  be  admitted;  but  to  cast 
Dewdrop  altogether  for  that  fault  was  a  piece  of 
judicial  severity  such  as  is  rarely  seen  in  a  great 
showyard.  This  being  decided  upon,  Lady  Chloe 
was  listed  for  third  and  the  question  was  narrowed 
down  to  Beau  Real's  Maid  and  Juno  for  the  blue  and 
red.  If  some  little  lack  of  bloom  cost  Dewdrop  all 
her  chances  then  by  that  same  token  the  freshness 
and  finish  of  Beau  Real's  Maid  should  have  landed 
her  where  she  had  been  placed  twice  before  this  sea- 
son, in  advance  of  Juno ;  but  the  air  seemed  full  of 
cobwebs  about  this  time  all  the  way  down  the  long 
line  of  two-year-old  Hereford  and  Shorthorn  heif- 
ers being  judged  simultaneously  in  front  of  the 
grand  stand,  for  while  Brother  Boyden  was  mixing 
up  the  'red,  white  and  roans'  in  a  way  that  startled 
the  assembled  company  Mr.  Lewis  upset  things 
among  the  *  white  faces'  by  sending  first  to  Juno, 
second  to  the  Maid,  and  third  to  Chloe!  Juno  is  a 
heifer  such  as  any  man  might  well  be  proud  to  have 
produced,  and  there  is  of  course  ample  room  for 
honest  difference  of  opinion  as  between  her  and 
Dewdrop  and  Beau  Real's  Maid.  The  fine  scale  and 
beautiful  finish  and  refinement  of  the  Cross  heifer 
have  seldom  had  a  counterpart  in  western  show- 
rings,  and  much  as  we  appreciate  Juno  and  Dewdrop 
we  can  but  defend  the  right  of  Beau  Real's  Maid 
to  head  these  ' crack'  two-year-olds  of  1897.  They 
were  a  great  lot  and  we  congratulate  Mr.  Clark  upon 
his  good  fortune  here  in  beating  probably  the  hand- 
somest heifer  he  has  ever  shown  against.  When  his 
list  of  winnings  for  the  past  twenty  years  upon  cat- 
tle of  his  own  breeding  comes  to  be  made  up  what  a 
story  of  showyard  success  will  be  unfolded!'' 


DEFENDERS  OP   THE  FAITH  645 

Sir  Bredwell,  Benita,  Lady  Chloe,  Lady  Brenda 
and  Georgina,  drew  the  blue  for  Sotham  as  best 
graded  herd,  uniformity  of  type  being  the  rock  upon 
which  Lewis  took  his  stand.  Free  Lance  was  champ- 
ion bull  and  Jessamine  best  female. 

Death  of  Adams  Earl.— The  founder  of  the 
Shadeland  herd  died  in  January,  1898.  The  part  he 
had  played  in  the  introduction  and  successful  dis- 
semination of  the  Hereford  blood  has  been  outlined 
in  preceding  chapters,  but  the  influence  of  his  work 
with  the  "  white  faces"  was  so  far-reaching  that  he  is 
by  common  consent  accorded  a  permanent  place  in 
the  American  Hereford  gallery  of  fame.* 

*Mr.  Earl  was  born  in  Fairfield  Co.,  O.,  in  1819,  and  came 
of  New  England  stock.  His  parents  removed  to  Indiana  in  1836 
and  settled  upon  the  fertile  Wea  Plains,  upon  the  borders  of 
which  the  famous  farm  of  Shadeland  .is  located.  Arriving  at 
his  majority  he  undertook  about  1844  the  marketing  of  farm 
products  at  New  Orleans  by  means  of  flat-boats  floated  upon  the 
Wabash,  Ohio  and  Mississippi  rivers.  He  subsequently  engaged 
in  merchandizing  upon  quite  an  extensive  scale  at  Lafayette  and 
ultimately  became  associated  with  the  late  Moses  Fowler  in 
various  important  enterprises,  such  as  wholesaling  groceries, 
banking,  etc.  In  1860  he  engaged  in  pork  and  beef  packing  and 
a  few  years  later  became  a  partner  in  the  Chicago  house  of  Cul- 
bertson,  Blair  &  Co.  About  1870  he  became  the  moving  spirit 
in  the  building  of  a  railway  from  Lafayette  to  Kankakee,  which 
is  now  a  part  of  the  Big  Four  System,  Mr.  Earl  being  the  presi- 
dent, general  manager,  and  builder.  Meantime,  in  connection  with 
Mr.  Fowler  and  A.  D.  Raub,  he  had  purchased  36,000  acres  of 
land  in  Benton  county  and  spent  large  sums  of  money  in  tiling, 
fencing,  building,  etc.,  and  so  important  were  the  operations  of 
this  syndicate  that  on  their  tender  of  $40,000  to  build  a  court- 
house at  the  new  town  of  Fowler  the  county  voted  to  move  the 
seat  of  local  government  to  that  point. 


CHAPTER  XV. 
CLEARING  SKIES. 

Early  in  the  year  1896  it  became  apparent  that 
values  were  rapidly  recovering  from  the  low  levels 
established  after  the  financial  panic  of  1893.  Mr. 
C.  S.  Cross  of  Sunny  Slope  Farm,  Emporia,  Kans., 
sensing  the  advent  of  better  days  in  the  cattle  trade, 
had  sent  John  Steward  to  England  in  the  autumn  of 
1897  to  select  a  high-class  lot  of  cattle  for  importa- 
tion and  sale.  Needless  to  add,  the  purchases  were 
made  with  strict  regard  for  quality;  Steward  was 
commonly  recognized  as  one  of  the  best  judges  of 
Herefords  of  that  period.  Not  only  that,  but  he  had 
a  reputation  for  integrity  that  insured  a  faithful 
execution  of  his  trust.  Moreover,  Harry  Yeld,  who 
had  in  the  meantime  gone  back  to  his  native  land 
and  who  was  in  close  touch  with  the  best  breeding 
establishments  in  Herefordshire,  had  been  advised 
in  advance  of  Steward's  mission  and  requested  to 
co-operate  in '  locating  and  securing  options  upon 
some  of  the  best  young  cattle  on  the  market  at  that 
time. 

The  Cross  Importation. — The  importation,  con- 
sisting of  26  bulls  and  15  heifers,  was  brought  out  in 
Mr.  Yeld's  charge  and  passing  through  quarantine 
at  Garfield,  N.  J.,  arrived  in  time  to  be  put  on  the 

646 


CLEARING   SKIES  647 

market,  along  with  a  lot  of  well  fitted  home-bred 
stock,  at  Sunny  Slope  in  March,  1898.  The  event 
aroused  intense  interest  in  American  Hereford  cattle 
breeding  circles.  It  had  been  many  years  since  any 
importations  of  consequence  had  been  made.  Prices 
had  not  only  been  so  low  as  to  discourage  enterprise 
in  that  line,  but  the  $100  fee  for  the  registration  of 
imported  cattle  was  still  in  force,  and  the  owners  of 
large  herds  descended  from  the  earlier  importations 
were  not  slow  to  deny  the  necessity  for  any  further 
recourse  to  the  old-country  stock.  It  was  strenuously 
insisted  that  there  was  little  if  any  occasion  for  any 
such  extensive  patronage  of  the  English  herds.  It 
was  claimed  that  better  cattle  were  being  bred  and 
shown  in  the  States  than  were  being  produced  on  the 
other  side  of  the  Atlantic.  The  extraordinary  ex- 
cellence of  the  " white  faces"  being  produced  in  the 
herds  of  such  pioneer  breeders  as  Gudgell  &  Simp- 
son, Clark  and  VanNatta  and  by  the  owners  of  valu- 
able cattle  bred  from  the  Culbertson,  Earl  &  Stuart 
and  later  importations,  as  evidenced  by  the  leading 
shows  of  that  time,  certainly  gave  color  to  the  con- 
tention that  America  had  really  passed  the  mother- 
land in  the  matter  of  level-quartered,  finely  finished 
Herefords. 

Notwithstanding  this  natural  opposition  to  the  im- 
portation and  sale  of  cattle  brought  out  with  specu- 
lative intent,  there  was  now  such  a  widespread  wave 
of  enthusiasm  in  behalf  of  good  Herefords,  and  so 
insistent  was  the  demand  of  the  western  range  for 
white-faced  bulls,  that  on  the  2nd  and  3rd  of  March, 


648  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

1898,  when  Mr.  Cross  exposed  his  150  head  of  im- 
ported and  home-bred  cattle  for  sale  at  auction,  a 
crowd  estimated  as  high  as  3,000  people  faced  the 
auctioneers,  Col.  James  W.  Judy,  Col.  Fred  M. 
Woods  and  Col.  J.  W.  Sparks,  when  the  selling  be- 
gan. Mr.  Cross  reserved  for  his  own  use  the  im- 
ported bull  Keep  On. 

$3,000  for  Salisbury. — The  highest  price  paid 
was  $3,000  for  the  imported  two-year-old  bull  Salis- 
bury, bred  by  John  Price.  He  was  taken  by  Mr. 
Murray  Boocock  of  Keswick,  Va.,  who  was  at  that 
time  engaged  in  the  formation  of  a  Hereford  herd, 
after  a  sharp  contest  with  George  W.  Henry  of 
Chicago  and  C.  N.  Whitman,  the  latter  representing 
the  owners  of  the  Lucien  Scott  herd.  W.  S.  VanNatta 
&  Son  secured  the  imported  yearling  March  On, 
bred  by  Ed  Yeld  and  sired  by  Lead  On,  a  famous 
English  stock  bull  that  was  unfortunately  lost  by 
accident  just  as  he  seemed  to  be  entering  upon  a 
great  career  as  a  sire  in  the  old  country.  This 
proved  a  fortunate  purchase,  and  more  will  be  heard 
of  the  bull  and  his  get  later  on.  One  of  the  promising 
young  bulls  of  the  importation  was  the  Turner-bred 
Saxon,  that  was  sent  into  the  ring  with  a  reserve 
bid  of  $1,000.  Others  would  have  offered  more 
money,  but  it  was  generally  known  that  Mr.  Cross 
really  desired  to  retain  the  bull  for  his  own  use,  and 
with  the  consent  of  the  company  he  was  therefore 
withdrawn. 

Good  Buying  by  George  H.  Adams.— Bidding 
on  the  best  females  was  active  at  strong  prices, 


CLEARING   SKIES  649 

the  best  price  being  $1,500,  paid  by  George  H.  Adams 
of  Crestone,  Colo.,  owner  of  a  100,000-acre  range  in 
the  San  Luis  Valley.  This  top  figure  was  given  for 
the  two-year-old  imported  heifer  Luminous,  sired  by 
Post  Obit  (11542).  Mr.  Adams  was  a  persistent  and 
liberal  bidder  throughout  the  entire  sale,  among 
his  other  selections  being  the  three-year-old  im- 
ported cow  Leominster  Daisy  2d  by  Lead  On,  taken 
out  at  $1,205.  He  also  bought  the  good  cow  Miranda, 
by  Wild  Tom,  and  of  Mr.  Cross '  own  breeding  at 
$905,  his  total  purchases  at  the  sale  including  20 
head  at  an  average  of  over  $500  each.  Mr.  Adams 
was  an  enthusiastic  advocate  of  the  Herefords  for 
use  on  western  ranges,  and  maintained  a  fine  herd 
of  purebred  cattle  in  addition  to  some  5,000  head  of 
high-class  grade  " white  faces."  He  had  bought 
some  50  head  of  good  breeding  cattle  when  the  large 
and  superior  herd  of  Thomas  J.  Higgins  had  been 
dispersed  in  Kansas. 

Over  $400  Average  for  144  Cattle. — This  sale 
injected  new  life  into  the  American  Hereford  cattle 
business.  The  144  head  sold  for  $58,585,  an  average 
of  $407,  in  many  respects  one  of  the  most  extraordi- 
nary results  ever  attained  on  either  side  the  water. 
Higher  averages  had  been  made,  but  not  upon  such 
a  large  number  of  animals.  The  23  imported  bulls 
brought  an  average  of  $616,  the  14  imported  females 
an  average  of  $563,  and  the  107  home-bred  lots 
fetched  an  average  of  $341.  After  the  sale  a  num- 
ber of  the  lots  changed  hands  at  advanced  prices. 
Mr.  Whitman,  who  had  bought  the  imported  bull 


650  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Randolph,  of  John  Tudge's  breeding,  on  the  first 
day  for  $600,  refused  an  offer  of  $1,000  for  him  on 
the  following  day. 

Mr.  Cross  was  a  prominent  figure  in  the  trade  at 
this  time.  He  was  President  of  the  First  National 
Bank  of  Emporia,  and  a  man  of  great  enterprise, 
deeply  interested  in  good  cattle.  He  had  first  en- 
gaged in  the  business  of  breeding  pedigree  Here- 
fords  at  a  time  when  he  secured  valuable  foundation 
stock  at  beef  prices.  His  relations  with  leading 
breeders  of  the  cornbelt,  as  well  as  with  the  owners 
of  the  largest  outfits  on  the  western  range,  were  inti- 
mate, and  he  did  a  large  business  at  private  treaty 
as  well  as  at  public  auction.  Shortly  before  his 
phenomenal  sale  of  1898  he  had  sold  one  lot  of 
$3,500  worth  of  bulls,  headed  by  the  show  bull 
Climax,  to  go  to  Texas.  Unfortunately,  as  was 
afterwards  developed,  Mr.  Cross  had  inherited  cer- 
tain burdens  and  responsibilities  in  connection  with 
the  business  of  his  bank  which  ultimately  involved 
him  in  such  loss  and  humiliation  that  in  a  moment 
of  desperation  in  November,  1898,  he  took  his  own 
life  at  Sunny  Slope  Farm,  his  death  being  deeply 
mourned  by  the  entire  Hereford  cattle  breeding  fra- 
ternity. Fortunately  Mrs.  Cross  had  participated 
in  an  active  personal  way  in  nearly  all  of  his  Here- 
ford cattle  transactions,  having  a  herd  drawn  main- 
ly from  Sunny  Slope  sources.  Mr.  C.  A.  Stannard 
succeeded  to  the  ownership  of  Sunny  Slope  Farm 
and  became  for  many  years  a  prominent  figure  in 
the  trade. 


Geo.H.  Adams          |»= 


652  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Other  Sales  in  the  Spring  of  '98.— Business 
was  now  brisk  all  along  the  line.  K.  B.  Armour  sold  a 
good  lot  of  bulls  to  go  in  service  in  the  herd  of  the 
Matador  Co.  in  west  Texas.  Sotham  sold  50  head 
at  auction  on  April  13  at  an  average  of  $342,  upon 
which  occasion  Wayne  Ponting  paid  $1,575  for  Ex- 
cellent, a  two-year-old  bull  by  Corrector.  On  April 
15  Scott  &  March  of  Belton,  Mo.,  sold  93  head  at  an 
average  of  $215.  In  May  William  Humphrey  of  Ash- 
land, Neb.,  bought  $9,000  worth  of  cattle  of  0.  H. 
Nelson,  including  34  cows,  at  $200  each.  H.  M.  Hill 
sold  34  head  at  Kansas  City  for  an  average  of  $393, 
and  Gudgell  &  Simpson  made  an  average  on  60  head 
of  $479. 

Beau  Donald  Shown. — The  event  of  the  year 
1898  in  showyard  circles  was  the  Trans-Mississippi 
Exposition  at  Omaha.  Exhibits  at  the  earlier  state 
fairs  were  light,  owners  preferring  to  hold  back  for 
the  more  important  event.  Still  there  were  some 
interesting  developments  elsewhere.  Sotham  was 
without  competition  in  Minnesota,  but  east  of  the 
river  few  ribbons  were  won  by  default.  Frank  Nave 
and  John  Hooker  appeared  at  the  York  State  Fair. 
Dale  had  gone  on  famously  and  backed  up  his  New 
York  championship  by  beating  down  all  opposition 
later  at  Indianapolis,  where  the  herds  of  Tom  Clark, 
Clem  Graves,  Hooker  and  W.  H.  Curtice  of  Ken- 
tucky were  entered.  Curtice  was  showing  the  mas- 
sive, heavy-quartered,  five-year-old  in-bred  Anxiety 
bull,  Beau  Donald  58996,  by  Beau  Brummel  51817, 
and  in  the  senior  bull  class  won  over  Graves '  Cherry 


CLEARING   SKIES  653 

Ben.  Dale  had  a  walk-over  in  two-year-olds,  and 
was  subsequently  made  champion  bull.  Clark  was 
strong  this  year,  as  always,  in  heifers  of  his  own 
production,  and  gained  the  female  championship  of 
the  Hoosier  state  with  the  great  yearling  Everest, 
daughter  of  Lars.  At  the  Ohio  State  Fair  Murray 
Boocock  of  Virginia  came  forward  with  a  herd 
headed  by  his  $3,000  purchase  at  the  Cross  sale, 
imp.  Salisbury,  and  won  most  of  the  prizes. 

Dale  vs.  Sir  Bredwell.— At  the  Illinois  State 
Fair  of  '98  Mr.  Nave 's  deep-fleshed  Dale  had  gradu- 
ated into  the  three-year-old  class,  and  met  Sotham's 
Sir  Bredwell,  with  Imboden  on  the  bench.  These 
bulls  were  of  totally  different  types.  Dale  was  broad, 
short-necked,  thick  and  deep — as  compact  a  block 
of  beef  as  any  breed  ever  throws — quite  lacking  in 
style  and  gayety  of  carriage.  With  a  butcher-feeder 
as  arbitrator  it  was  no  surprise  that  he  here  found 
favor.  Sir  Bredwell  had  scale,  stretch,  imposing 
presence  and  quality.  As  a  breeding  proposition 
most  critics  would  have  preferred  Sir  Bredwell  at 
the  time,  but  Dale  certainly  lived  to  vindicate  his 
own  prepotency  and  to  confound  all  critics. 

Two  In-bred  Toppers:  Everest  and  Benison. — 
The  feature  of  the  female  classes  was  the  struggle 
between  Everest  and  Benison.  This  is  the  story  as 
it  was  written  at  the  time : 

' '  Tom  Clark  never  bred  a  better  one  than  Everest, 
and  those  who  have  followed  our  western  shows  for 
the  past  twenty  years  will  understand  what  such  a 
statement  means.  But  Sotham  never  produced  a 


654  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

more  perfect  heifer  than  Benison;  so  here  was  a 
repetition  of  that  memorable  day  when  Grace  and 
Jessamine  met  as  yearlings  in  1895 — with  the  tables 
turned.  In  that  great  trial  of  strength  Mr.  Clark 
won;  in  this  instance  the  tide  of  battle  turned  in 
Sotham's  favor.  Little  things  sometimes  decide 
such  contests.  The  Clark  heifer  was  bulling  the  day 
of  this  showing.  Benison  might  be  bigger  but  not 
better.  She  is  a  heifer  of  exquisite  finish  shown  in 
great  bloom.  She  has  a  back  and  loin  of  marvelous 
perfection,  capital  quarters,  a  twist  filled  to  a  finish, 
model  shoulders,  and  sho'rt  neat  legs.  Everest  is 
bigger  and  thicker,  with  handsome  head,  nobly 
arched  ribs  deeply  covered,  and  carries  her  burly 
body  on  well  set  'pegs.'  She  is  wonderful  in  her 
wealth  of  flesh,  and  barring  a  little  inclination  to 
bunch  at  the  tail-root,  is  smooth  and  true  in  all  her 
lines/' 

The  fact  that  these  top  heifers  were  products 
of  blood  concentration  is  of  interest.  Everest  had 
double  lines  to  both  Anxiety  3d  and  to  the  great 
cow  Peerless.  Her  sire,  Lars,  was  the  result  of  the 
coupling  of  those  animals,  and  her  dam,  Eletta  2d, 
was  by  Peerless  Wilton,  a  son  of  old  Peerless,  out  of 
a  daughter  of  Anxiety  3d.  Benita  was  a  double 
Corrector,  her  sire,  Protection,  and  her  dam,  Benita, 
both  being  by  old  "Dad" — Sotham's  pet  name  for 
the  bull  that  made  Weavergrace  famous. 

The  Omaha  Exposition. — The  Herefords  were 
the  outstanding  feature  of  the  live  stock  department 
of  the  great  exposition  held  at  Omaha  in  1898,  and 
we  feel  warranted  in  again  quoting  from  our  own 
notes  on  certain  phases  of  this  big  show : 

"The  American  Hereford  Cattle  Breeders'  Asso- 


CLEARING  SKIES  655 

elation  added  $3,000  to  the  exposition  company's 
rather  meager  prizes.  This  bonus,  together  with  the 
prevailing  activity  in  the  west  in  white-faced  cattle, 
drew  out  an  incomparable  display  in  this  section — 
the  largest  and  best  of  its  kind  ever  seen  in  the 
United  States  and  eclipsing  the  average  exhibit  of 
the  breed  seen  at  the  annual  meetings  of  the  Royal 
Agricultural  Society  of  England.  The  size  and 
quality  of  the  classes  throughout — excepting  only 
that  for  aged  bulls — aroused  the  enthusiasm  of 
visitors  to  the  highest  pitch.  The  great  amphi- 
theater was  packed  while  the  Hereford  judging  was 
in  progress,  the  spectators  evincing  keen  interest  in 
the  work.  The  difficult  proposition  of  passing  upon 
this  record-breaking  exhibit  was  assumed  by  Mr. 
Claude  Makin  of  Florence,  Kans.,  and  it  is  a  pleas- 
ure to  be  able  to  state  that  this  trying  task  was  dis- 
charged with  singular  accuracy  and  impartiality. 
A  more  satisfactory  piece  of  work  of  this  character 
has  rarely  been  seen  in  American  showyards. 
Awards  were  given  by  wire  in  our  last,  except  the 
group  and  championship  prizes,  which  were  not  as- 
signed as  last  week's  Gazette  went  to  press.  We 
now  supply  details  as  to  the  showing  throughout. 

"The  list  of  exhibitors  included  C.-S.  Cross,  Em- 
poria,  Kans.;  T.  F.  B.  Sotham,  Chillicothe,  Mo.; 
George  H.  Adams,  Crestone,  Colo. ;  F.  A.  Nave, 
Attica,  Ind.;  William  S.  VanNatta  &  Son,  Fowler 
Ind. ;  Gudgell  &  Simpson,  Independence,  Mo.; 
James  A.  Funkhouser,  Plattsburg,  Mo.;  Scott  & 
March,  Belton,  Mo. ;  Cornish  &  Patton,  Osborn,  Mo. ; 
C.  G.  Comstock,  Albany,  Mo. ;  Peter  Mouw  of  Sioux 
Co.,  la. ;  Z.  T.  Kinsell,  Mount  Ayr,  la. ;  C.  H.  Elmen- 
dorf  of  Nebraska ;  Stanton  Farm  Co.,  of  Nebraska ; 
Steward  &  Hutcheon  of  Greenwood,  Mo.,  and  E.  E. 
Day  of  CassCo.,  Neb." 


656  A  HISTORY  OP  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Sir  Bredwell  Beats  Free  Lance. — ''There 
was  but  one  light  show  in  the  entire  section — that 
seen  in  the  senior  bull  class.  Dale  went  back  here 
among  the  two-year-olds  under  the  rules  for  com- 
puting ages  at  the  exposition,  so  that  the  tourney 
was  opened  by  a  tilt  between  Funkhouser's  Free 
Lance  and  Sotham's  Sir  Bredwell.  The  pitcher  that 
goes  to  the  well  each  day  is  sooner  or  later  broken, 
The  big  son  of  Beau  Eeal  and  Lady  Wilton  has 
dared  defeat  on  many  a  hotly  contested  field  the  past 
four  years,  and  has  borne  back  to  Plattsburg  in 
triumph  spoils  of  showyard  war  that  will  furnish  a 
theme  for  many  a  fireside  tale  in  the  years  to  come 
as  his  many  battles  royal  are  recalled.  But  here 
he  fell  before  the  superior  freshness,  bloom  and 
character  of  his  younger  antagonist.  The  doughty 
old  warrior's  weight  could  not  prevail  against  Sir 
BredwelPs  superior  front  and  smoothly  carried 
flesh.  Such  is  the  way  of  the  world.  Show  bulls 
meet  the  common  fate.  Eepeated  fittings  and  pass- 
ing years  render  it  difficult  for  even  the  kingliest 
of  them  all  to  hold  their  own  indefinitely  against  the 
rude  assaults  of  active  aspirants  for  leadership 
among  the  younger  element.  At  five  and  one-half 
years  of  age  Free  Lance  relinquished  showyard 
sovereignty  at  Omaha  last  week  to  the  three-year- 
old  son  of  Corrector  and  Beatrice.  Bovine  monarch 
never  possessed  a  more  regal  presence  than  the 
newly  chosen  champion.  It  may  seem  a  somewhat 
heartless  proposition,  that  nerve-jarring  vivat  of 
the  French,  but  in  it  is  condensed  the  whole  philos- 
ophy of  the  inevitable :  '  The  king  is  dead,  long  live 
the  king  !>  " 

Dale  Wins  Again. — "We  now  approach  the 
most  sensational  string  of  young  bulls  of  any  beef 
breed  seen  in  this  country  since  that  memorable  day 
when  Fowler,  Bowdoin,  Sergeant  Major,  Broad- 


CLEARING    SKIES  657 

breast,  Cedric  and  the  rest  of  that  comely  company 
locked  horns  at  Chicago  in  1885.  The  two-year-old 
class  at  Omaha  will  indeed  be  long  remembered  by 
all  who  were  so  fortunate  as  to  be  present  when 
the  lines  were  formed.  Mr.  Nave's  Dale  66481  has 
already  had  his  portrait  painted  in  these  columns 
this  season  in  the  warmest  colors  at  our  command 
He  came  here  with  Sir  Bredwell's  scalp  at  his  belt — 
presented  by  Imboden  in  the  three-year-old  class  at 
Springfield — prepared  to  meet  Sotham's  other  well 
equipped  champion  Thickset,  chief  of  all  bulls  of  his 
age  of  any  beef  breed  at  Hamline.  He  came  to  meet 
also  that  other  i warrior  bold,'  Scott  &  March's  great 
Hesiod  29th,  brought  out  by  Mr.  Godfrey  at  this 
show  in  astonishing  form  and  bloom.  He  struck  also 
the  shield  of  Sunny  Slope's  well  clad  knight  Keep 
On — fetched  all  the  way  from  Herefordshire  to  test 
the  mettle  of  our  western  Herefords.  And  if  by 
chance  he  were  able  to  successfully  run  the  gauntlet 
of  these  his  most  powerful  adversaries,  there  still 
remained  to  be  dealt  with  Gudgell  &  Simpson's  Don 
Carlos  bull  Douglas,  and  two  sons  of  the  World's 
Fair  champion  Ancient  Briton.  It  was  a  daring 
undertaking,  this  single-handed  challenge  of  Dale 
against  the  flower  of  all  the  great  trans-Mississippi 
herds.  Thickset  alone  of  all  his  foes  had  been,  like 
himself,  doing  the  grand  circuit.  The  rest  had  been 
held  in  reserve  all  season  for  this  attack.  For  weeks, 
and  months  preparation  for  this  day  had  been  going 
steadily  forward.  All  the  arts  known  to  the  feeder's 
and  fitter's  craft  had  been  exhausted  in  an  effort  to 
place  these  favorites  in  the  arena  in  the  pink  of 
perfection;  and  right  here  The  Gazette  desires  to 
pay  a  passing  tribute  of  respect  to  the  capacity,  in- 
telligence and  fidelity  of  the  men  who  had  in  their 
immediate  charge  the  ' making  up'  of  these  bulls. 
Such  patience,  skill  and  judgment  as  has  been  dis- 


658  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

played  in  this  work  deserves  the  highest  commenda- 
tion. 

"More  than  any  other  exhibitor  in  his  class  Mr. 
Nave  is  indebted  to  the  man  behind  the  bull  for  suc- 
cess achieved.  Dale  is  a  dream — one  of  those  phe- 
nomenal feeders  that  occasionally  fall  into  the 
hands  of  careful  fitters  and  by  their  peculiar  ca- 
pacity for  putting  on  flesh  with  astonishing  rapidity 
and  absolute  levelness  round  out  into  marvelous  per- 
fection of  form.  As  a  model  carcass  he  is  easily  the 
sensation  of  the  season.  Mr.  Makin  met  the  general 
approbation  of  the  great  throng  that  had  assembled 
to  witness  the  contest  by  assigning  the  post  of  honor 
to  this  extraordinary  bull.  Such  evenness  from  end 
to  end,  such  ripeness,  smoothness  and  rotundity 
have  rarely  if  ever  been  seen  in  the  American  show- 
yard.  As  a  feeder's  and  butcher's  type  he  is  fault- 
less. With  Dale  at  the  head  the  problem  as  to  what 
to  do  with  Thickset  and  Hesiod  29th  became  a  seri- 
ous one.  It  was  generally  conceded  that  Keep  On 
in  his  present  form,  good  as  he  is,  could  scarcely 
hope  for  a  better  rating  than  fourth  in  such  a  group 
of  high-class  bulls." 

Thickset  and  Hesiod  29th.— "After  an  ex- 
tended examination  the  judge  drew  Thickset  in  for 
second,  with  Hesiod  29th  in  third  place.  Makin  had 
clearly  the  four  best  bulls  to  the  front.  As  to  that 
all  were  agreed;  but  there  were  many  who  would 
have  stood  the  Hesiod  in  front  of  the  Corrector. 
This  it  was  argued  would  have  been  the  logical  ar- 
rangement, as  the  Scott  &  March  bull  is  nearer  the 
type  of  Dale  than  Sotham's.  In  this  connection  the 
weights  and  ages  are  of  interest.  Dale  and  Hesiod 
stand  each  other  off  at  2,040  pounds.  Thickset  beats 
them  both,  pulling  down  2,200  pounds.  Dale  was 
dropped  in  September,  1895,  Hesiod  29th  on  Oct.  6, 


FRANK  A.    NAVE. 


660  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

1895,  and  Thickset  on  Feb.  20,  1896.  The  latter  is 
big,  smooth,  mellow,  high-styled  and  strong-quar- 
tered, wide  between  the  eyes — indicating  the  good 
doer  that  he  is — but  perhaps  a  little  thin  in  horn  and 
muzzle.  Hesiod  29th,  like  Dak,  will  never  be  a  big 
one,  but  his  was  the  one  perfect  head  and  horn  of 
the  entire  class.  In  point  of  breeding  character, 
as  revealed  in  head  and  face,  this  bull  is  the  peer  of 
Sir  Bredwell.  In  compactness,  breadth  and  depth 
of  carcass  he  fairly  rivals  Dale.  Not  so  perfectly 
padded  at  every  point  perhaps — he  has  been  work- 
ing as  well  as  preparing  for  show — he  has  the  same 
general  feeding  quality  coupled  with  the  front  of  a 
bull  that  should  make  a  royal  stock-getter, -possibly 
the  most  valuable  of  the  class  for  breeding  purposes. 
Although  Mr.  Sotham  had  the  satisfaction  of  having 
Thickset  placed  one  notch  above  him,  Weavergrace 
was  quick  to  see  the  superb  character  of  Hesiod  29th 
and  offered  $2,000  for  him  after  the  show  was  over, 
which  nattering  proposition  was  declined  with 
thanks  by  his  appreciative  owner.  Keep  On  is 
smooth  and  mellow  in  his  flesh,  round,  low  and 
heavy,  but  he  has  inherited  a  wide-spread  horn  and 
a  muzzle  somewhat  lacking  in  breadth.  There  is 
ample  distance  between  his  eyes,  however,  and  this 
certain  index  of  a  kindly  feeder  is  backed  up  by  a 
carcass  that  is  both  ripe  and  rich.  Nave's  Earl  of 
Shadeland  22d  bull  Gold  Dollar  73652  was  drawn 
into  fifth  place  and  Steward  &  Hutcheon's  Eose 
Chief  68945,  smooth,  low  and  with  plenty  of  style, 
was  sixth. " 

This  competition  was  of  such  historic  interest 
that  we  here  record  also  what  happened  among  the 
yearling  bulls  and  calves.  Our  descriptions  will 
not  only  give  a  clue  to  the  individual  character  of 
the  competing  animals,  but  these  accounts  of  the 


CLEARING   SKIES  661 

leading  shows  of  that  period  indicate  the  blood  that 
was  producing  the  tops  and  the  men  who  were  in  the 
van  of  Hereford  progress.  We  quote : 

George  Adams'  Orpheus. — "A  long  line  of  year- 
ling bulls  proved  very  perplexing,  really  a  more 
difficult  class  to  judge  than  the  two-year-olds.  One 
either  had  to  begin  with  Mr.  George  H.  Adams '  big, 
strong-backed,  broad-loined  Wild  Tom  bull  Orpheus 
71100  or  with  one  of  the  low-down,  blocky  sort,  of 
which  there  were  several  fine  specimens*  present. 
As  a  result  of  his  preliminary  examination  Mr. 
Makin  drew  out  a  leet  comprising  the  following 
in  the  order  named:  VanNatta's  Lincoln  2d,  by 
Cherry  Boy  out  of  Old  Lark;  Steward  &  Hutcheon's 
Bovic  79124,  by  Benson  64017;  Sunny  Slope's  Cli- 
max 4th,  by  Climax ;  Sotham  's  Grandee,  by  Cor- 
rector; Gudgell  &  Simpson's  Dandy  Rex  71689,  by 
Lamplighter;  Adams'  Orpheus,  of  Sunny  Slope 
breeding.  It  is  worthy  of  note  in  this  connection 
that  the  three  bulls  at  the  head  were  all  of  VanNatta 
extraction.  Having  drawn  Dale  to  the  top  in  the 
previous  class  it  was  not  surprising,  therefore,  that 
the  judge  on  final  examination  went  to  that  broad 
block  of  'baby  beef,'  Bovic,  for  first  choice,  sending 
Lincoln  2d  down  for  the  red  ticket.  Bovic  was  easily 
the  shortest-legged  bull  in  the  bunch,  carrying  1,500 
pounds  in  about  as  small  compass  and  as  near  to  the 
ground  as  is  ever  seen  in  the  showyard.  He  is 
exceedingly  rich  in  his  flesh,  full  in  his  neckveins 
and  remarkable  at  the  twist,  a  rare  feeding  type, 
ripened  as  nicely  as  one  would  expect  from  two  such 
experienced  feeders  as  John  Steward  and  Will 
Hutcheon,  his  owners.  Lincoln  2d  is  a  grand- 
fronted  bull,  strong  in  his  girth,  deep  and  well 
spread  in  his  ribs,  even  and  rich  at  the  loin,  but 
with  hips  a  bit  prominent.  Climax  4th  was  not 


662  A  HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

disturbed  for  third  place.  He  lias  one  of  the -hand- 
somest heads  carried  by  any  bull  seen  at  the  show, 
a  finely  arched  back  well  covered,  a  great  loin,  is 
well  let  down  at  the  twist,  and  stands  on  short  neat 
legs.  He  fails  a  bit  from  hip  to  tail,  but  has  im- 
proved a  lot  in  his  handling  and  is  now  one  of  the 
great  yearlings  of  the  day.  In  retaining  Sotham's 
Grandee  for  fourth  Mr.  Makin  ran  counter  to  the 
judgment  of  most  of  the  outside  talent.  Gudgell  & 
Simpson's  Dandy  Eex,  with  his  good  back  (despite 
a  'tie'  in  it),  strong  quarters  and  short  legs,  and 
Orpheus  should  probably  have  gone  in  next  to  Cli- 
max 4th,  but  the  judge  found  points  of  excellence 
in  Grandee  and  Adams'  other  entry,  Zapola  Chief 
70034,  that  led  him  to  list  them  in  the  order  named, 
ahead  of  Rex  and  Orpheus.  We  can  scarcely  ap- 
prove of  this  rating ;  still  Grandee  looks  like  coming 
into  an  extra  two-year-old  and  Zapola  Chief,  with 
his  good  head,  big  chest,  depth  and  thickness  of  car- 
cass, is  a  bull  of  strong  parts." 

Hesiods  Again. — "In  bull  calves  Mr.  Funkhouser 
forged  to  the  front,  scoring  a  double  victory  on  his 
fine  pair  of  Hesiod  2ds,  Hesiod  46th  and  Hesiod 
50th.  Makin  first  picked  the  big  stylish  1,120-pound 
Hesiod  46th  for  first,  but  ultimately  turned  him 
down  to  second  and  moved  up  his  half-brother  into 
first  place,  a  transposition  which  met  with  the  gen- 
eral approbation  of  the  spectators.  Hesiod  50th,  the 
winner,  is  a  brother  to  Hesiod  30th,  now  the  prop- 
erty of  Mr.  N.  W.  Leonard.  He  is  exceptionally 
wide,  low  and  thick.  He  carries  the  splendid  head 
seen  in  nearly  all  the  get  of  Mr.  Funkhouser 's  great 
stock  bull,  has  plenty  of  hair,  stands  wide  behind 
and  is  as  neat  as  he  is  ripe.  Hesiod  46th  also  carries 
a  great  coat,  shows  beautiful  character  in  his  head 
and  face  and  possesses  splendid  style.  He  is  not 
quite  so  level  and  true  in  his  lines  as  the  first-prize 


CLEARING   SKIES  663 

calf.  His  breeding  is  superb,  his  dam  having  been 
Dream  by  Washington,  second  dam  the  great  Miss 
Beau  Eeal  by  Beau  Real,  third  dam  Bertha  by  Bu- 
dolph. 

"The  third-prize  calf,  Cornish  &  Patton's  Prince 
Otto,  is  one  of  the  very  best  youngsters  seen  on  the 
circuit  this  year,  and  should  probably  have  had  sec- 
ond place.  He  is  evenly  good  from  end  to  end,  hav- 
ing a  fine  head,  well  covered  shoulders,  an  evenly 
spread  back,  good  depth,  covers  smoothly  over  the 
hips,  has  straight  well  filled  quarters,  low  flanks  and 
ample  scale.  He  has  been  sold  to  Miller  &  Balch  of 
Missouri.  Steward  &  Hutcheon  were  fourth  on 
Dixie,  a  very  wide,  smooth,  low-legged  December 
calf  that  has  been  reserved  for  use  in  their  choice  lit- 
tle herd  of  'white  faces'  at  Greenwood.  Like  their 
first-prize  yearling  bull  Bovic,  Dixie  is  a  son  of  Ben- 
son 46017,  he  by  Anxiety  4th.  Mr.  Nave 's  Duke  of 
Fairview  4th,  good  in  his  flesh,  with  a  furry  coat 
and  capital  head,  was  fifth,  and  Mr.  Cross'  Elvira's 
Archibald,  a  strapping  big  son  of  Archibald  5th, 
with  great  spread  of  rib  and  loin,  was  sixth.  A  calf 
in  this  ring  that  attracted  considerable  attention  was 
Gudgell  &  Simpson 's  Beau  Dux,  especially  strong  in 
his  quarters  and  flanks,  and  sold  to  Mr.  Funkhouser. 
He  was  sired  by  Beau  Brummel  51817." 

The    Great    Cows    and    Heifers    of    1898.— We 

cannot  better  reflect  the  character  of  the  Hereford 
females  of  this  era  than  by  reproducing  the  follow- 
ing account  of  the  female  rings  at  this  exposition 
as  published  in  "The  Breeder's  Gazette"  the  week 
following  the  awards: 

Dewdrop. — "There  were  seventeen  entries  in  the 
cow  class,  and  a  hot  finish  was  witnessed  between 
Funkhouser 's  Dewdrop,  by  Hesiod  2d,  Sunny 


664  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Slope's  Beau  Beal's  Maid,  and  Nave's  fine  Anxiety- 
Monarch  cow  Atoka,  of  Shadeland  breeding.  The  big 
Maud  Muller,  that  won  first  for  Mr.  Nave  at  Spring- 
field, was  properly  set  back  to  fourth  place.  Dew- 
drop  and  the  Maid  gave  Mr.  Makin  a  lot  of  trouble. 
The  superb  front  of  the  Cross  cow  was  hard  to  get 
over.  She  has  weakened  a  bit  at  the  rump  since 
calving  and  might  be  a  bit  heavier  at  the  thigh,  but 
her  grandly  spread  and  deeply  covered  ribs  and 
beautiful  shoulders  have  rarely  been  excelled  in 
western  showyards,  Dewdrop  is  of  rather  a  blockier 
pattern  and  was  shown  with  plenty  of  hair.  She  has 
the  Hesiod  beauty  of  head  and  horn  and  is  extreme- 
ly short  on  the  leg,  with  broad  ribs  deeply  laden,  in 
fact,  one  of  the  greatest  flesh-carriers  of  any  breed  in 
the  cattle  department.  She  wants  a  little  between 
the  hips  and  tail-root,  but  conformed  so  closely  to 
the  judge's  apparent  ideal  as  respects  breadth  and 
depth  without  height  that  he  at  length  awarded  her 
premier  position.  Sentiment  about  the  arena  was 
well  divided  as  between  this  royal  pair.  Mr  Nave's 
Atoka,  that  received  third  honors,  is  a  cow  of  beau- 
tiful lines,  in  fact  almost  a  perfect  parallelogram, 
her  long,  level  and  well  finished  carcass  being  car- 
ried close  to  the  ground  on  neat  bone.  Like  all  of 
Mr.  Nave 's  entries  she  is  shown  with  a  great  wealth 
of  hair  and  is  in  admirable  bloom.  She  has  a  fine 
face,  excellent  shoulders,  good  finish  at  the  tail,  al- 
though wanting  a  little  behind  the  hips.  She  shows 
rather  too  much  i leather'  under  the  jaws  for  an 
ideal  show  cow,  but  is  so  neat,  level  and  symmetrical 
and  is  shown  in  such  beautiful  condition  that  she  is 
a  prime  favorite  wherever  she  goes  and  had  friends 
here  for  the  blue.  She  certainly  made  as  strong  a 
third-prize  cow  as  ever  held  that  position  in  this 
country.  Her  stable  companion,  the  massive  Maud 
Muller,  was  fourth  and  Sotham's  Benita  fifth.  The 


CLEARING   SKIES  665 

latter  is  a  cow  of  superb  breeding  character  with  a 
table-back,  but  is  criticized  sharply  in  her  hind  legs. ' ' 
Dolly  5th. — "Eleven  head  of  two-year-old  heifers 
were  next  presented.  '  The  tops  were  found  in  Mr. 
Adams'  Luminous  and  Miranda,  Funkhouser's  De- 
light, Nave's  Dolly  5th,  Sunny  Slope's  Pretty  Maid 
and  Sotham's  Lady  Brenda.  Close  comparison  be- 
tween these  fine  heifers  brought  out  many  differ- 
ences of  opinion.  The  judge  first  drew  in  at  the  head 
of  the  list  Delight,  but  subsequently  moved  Mr. 
Nave's  Dolly  5th  ahead.  Dolly  is  a  heifer  of  fine 
scale  and  substance,  showing  great  width  of  rib  and 
extraordinary  depth  of  body.  Although  a  bit  heavy 
in  her  horn  she  is  very  nice  in  her  shoulders,  full  in 
her  neckveins,  remarkably  heavy  in  her  chine,  full 
in  the  twist,  and  stands  well  on  good  short  legs. 
Dolly  was  sired  by  Java  64045,  a  brother  to  Mr. 
VanNatta's  champion  steer  Jack,  having  been  sired 
by  Hengler  out  of  Jewel  Fowler  49207.  Delight  re- 
ceived the  red  ribbon  on  account  of  her  scale  and 
great  strength  of  back,  her  ribs  and  loin  being  richly 
furnished  with  thick  flesh.  Her  horn  is  good  but 
she  has  a  trifle  too  much  length  of  face.  She  is  a 
daughter  of  Free  Lance.  It  seemed  rather  hard  to 
turn  down  so  fine  a  heifer  as  Luminous  to  third 
place  but  it  must  be  remembered  that  she  has  prob- 
ably journeyed  farther  by  land  and  sea  during  the 
past  year  than  any  other  animal  at  this  show.  She 
wasimported  fromEngland  by  Mr.  Cross  last  fall  and 
bought  by  her  Colorado  owner  at  the  Sunny  Slope 
sale  in  March.  She  was  shipped  to  the  San  Luis 
Valley  and  back  again  for  this  show  to  the  Missouri 
Eiver.  She  is  of  scarcely  as  blocky  a  type  as  the 
heifers  that  had  precedence  over  her  in  this  class, 
but  will  certainly  grow  into  a  great  cow.  Fourth 
honors  fell  upon  Mr.  Cross'  Pretty  Maid,  by  Wild 
Tom,  a  heifer  carrying  a  tremendous  lot  of  flesh 


666  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

upon  a  very  wide  back;  but  she  is  a  little  uneven 
in  her  top  and  quarters.  Her  half-sister,  Mr.  Ad- 
ams' Miranda,  by  Wild  Tom,  is  a  great  block  of 
beef,  as  nearly  without  legs  as  is  possible  to  breed 
a  beef  animal.  She  is  wonderful  in  her  neckveins, 
but  does  not  carry  her  back  altogether  level,  is 
growing  a  bit  gaudy  about  the  rump,  and  stands 
badly  behind,  showing  the  effect  of  her  long  rail- 
way shipment.  She  was  one  of  the  very  ripest  heif- 
ers in  the  lot,  and  there  were  many  who  could  not 
understand  why  she  was  turned  down  to  as  low 
a  position  as  fifth.  Sotham's  Lady  Brenda,  with  her 
good  heartgirth,  nicely  arched  ribs  and  strong  loin, 
was  sixth  in  the  judge 's  rating. ' ' 

Diana. — "The  yearling  heifers  were  headed  by 
Diana,  the  remarkable  ' chunk'  that  gained  so  many 
victories  as  a  calf  for  Mr.  Cross  at  the  great  fairs 
of  1897.  She  is  almost  as  extraordinary  a  carcass 
as  Dale,  a  feeder's  type  par  excellence,  but  wanting 
the  finish  of  head  and  horn  seen  in  Sotham's  brown- 
eyed  beauty  Benison,  by  Protection  out  of  Benita. 
Makin  was  sorely  tempted  to  put  Benison  to  the 
fore.  She  is  not  big  but  is  one  of  the  finest  models 
sent  into  western  showyards  in  many  years.  Femi- 
nine and  finished,  she  is  lovely  in  her  neck  and  shoul- 
ders, thick  and  true  in  back  and  loin,  evenly  filled, 
well  balanced  and  shapely.  The  breadth  and  extra- 
ordinary thickness  of  Diana  proved  an  attraction 
that  could  not  be  resisted  however,  -and  the  wonder- 
ful daughter  of  that  great  getter  of  quick  feeders — 
Sunny  Slope 's  Archibald  5th — was  left  in  undis- 
puted possession  of  the  post  of  honor.  Third  place 
was  assigned  to  Mr.  Funkhouser's  Olga,  calved  Jan. 
13, 1897,  and  sired  by  Hesiod  2d.  She  has  the  Hesiod 
trademark,  a  beautiful  head  and  face,  an  elegant 
back  of  even  width,  well  filled  at  all  the  feeding 
points,  and  like  all  the  Hesiods  low  on  the  leg.  She 


CLEARING   SKIES  667 

is  shown  with  a  great  coat  and  much  wealth  of  flesh. 
Gudgell  &  Simpson  were  fourth  on  a  Lamplighter 
heifer  known  as  Mischievous  71758.  She  is  a  big, 
deep-bodied,  thick-fleshed  one  with  great  chine,  fine- 
ly covered  shoulders  and  yellow  skin.  Funkhouser's 
other  Hesiod  heifer,  Level  71470,  was  fifth. " 

Carnation. — "There  w&*e  seventeen  heifer  calves 
in  line,  and  Nave  had  the  honor  of  bearing  the 
blue  with  the  well  grown  and  nicely  conditioned 
Carnation,  by  Acrobat  68460— of  Mr.  Earl's  breed- 
ing— out  of  Erica  51st  41238  by  Garfield,  second  dam 
Lady  Wilton  26th  by  Sir  Bartle  Frere.  She  shows 
her  fine  breeding  in  her  pretty  face,  and  her  feeding 
quality  is  indicated  by  her  full  flanks  and  neck  veins. 
She  has  good  length  and  nice  quarters,  altogether  a 
fine  promise  for  a  handsome  cow.  Mr.  Cross  got 
next  to  the  Hoosier  heifer  with  Miss  Grove,  by  Cli- 
max, a  prime  block  of  baby  beef,  great  in  her  quar- 
ters and  twist,  nicely  spread  on  the  back,  and  i  peg- 
ged '  near  to  the  ground.  Funkhouser  drew  third  on 
Rollela,  another  good-backed  Hesiod.  Sotham  pulled 
fourth  out  of  this  hot  fire  with  Silence,  by  Correc- 
tor, and  Steward  &  Hutcheon  fifth  with  Queenie,  by 
Benson.  Mr.  Adams'  furry-haired  January  calf 
Graceful  Gift  ought  to  have  had  rank  here  some- 
where among  these  sappy  white-faced  lassies. " 

Group  and  Championship  Prizes. — The  grand 
finale  at  this  epoch-making  show  is  thus  set  forth : 

"The  senior  herd  prize  was  awarded  to  the  well- 
brought-out  cattle  of  Mr.  Nave.  This  enterprising 
young  Indiana  breeder  should  feel  very  poud  of  this 
triumph,  achieved  as  it  was  in  the  face  of  the  compe- 
tition of  so  many  veteran  showmen.  The  Funk- 
houser herd  was  second,  Cross  third,  Sotham  fourth, 
and  Gudgell  &  Simpson  fifth.  There  were  eight  con- 
testants for  the  young  herd  prize,  the  right  of  the 


668  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

line  being  held  at  the  finish  by  Mr.  Funkhouser  with 
a  lot  headed  by  the  handsome  young  Hesiod  50th. 
The  Sunny  Slope  entries,  led  by  the  showy  Climax 
4th,  were  second,  Sotham  third,  Gudgell  &  Simpson 
fourth,  and  G.  H.  Adams  fifth. 

"  There  was  a  large  and  interesting  show  made 
for  the  get-of-bull  and  produce-of-cow  prizes.  Mr. 
Sotham  succeeded  in  winning  for  best  four  animals 
the  get  of  one  sire  on  the  progeny  of  Corrector; 
Funkhouser  was  second  with  Hesiods ;  Cross  was 
third  on  the  get  of  Archibald  5th ;  Steward  &  Hutch- 
eon  were  fourth  on  stock  by  Benson,  and  Gudgell  & 
Simpson  fifth  on  Lamplighter.  The  produce-of-cow 
prize  for  best  two  head  of  either  sex  was  also  gained 
by  Mr.  Sotham  with  Sir  Bredwell  and  Benefice.  Mr. 
Nave  was  second  on  the  progeny  of  the  Shadeland 
cow  Erica  51st,  Sotham  third  on  Grandee  and  Gene- 
vieve  out  of  Gaily,  Gudgell  &  Simpson  fourth  on 
the  progeny  of  Miss  Charmer  4th,  and  the  Stanton 
Co.  fifth  on  a  pair  from  Hare  Bell. 

"Sir  Bredwell,  Mr.  Sotham 's  three-year-old,  was 
made  bull  champion  after  a  spirited  contest  with  Mr. 
Nave's  Dale.  There  can  be  no  question  whatever  as 
to  the  marked  superiority  of  Dale  at  the  present 
time,  viewed  purely  from  the  standpoint  of  the 
feeder  and  the  butcher,  but  Sir  Bredwell 's  fine  breed 
character  sufficed  to  carry  the  judge  to  the  older 
bull.  Dale  was  rated  second,  Bovic  third,  Thickset 
fourth,  and  Hesiod  50th  fifth.  Funkhouser 's  Dew- 
drop  was  made  champion  female,  Nave's  Dolly  5th 
second,  Cross'  Diana  third,  Sotham 's  Benison 
fourth,  and  Sunny  Slope's  Beau  Eeal's  Maid  fifth." 

K.  B.  Armour  Active. — Kirk  B.  Armour  of 
Kansas  City  had  by  this  time  become  intensely  in- 
terested in  the  Herefords,  and  had  made  a  large 
importation  from  England.  He  not  only  brought 


ARMOUR. 


670  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ample  means  and  a  genuine  personal  enthusiasm 
to  the  work,  but  had  the  assistance  of  such  able  lieu- 
tenants as  Frank  Hastings,  then  a  member  of  his 
"Packing  House  Cabinet "  and  subsequently  with 
the  Swensons  at  Stamford,  Tex.,  and  of  William 
Cummings,  one  of  the  most  experienced  cattle  buy- 
ers in  the  west.  Mr.  Armour  made  a  number  of  im- 
portations from  Herefordshire  in  succeeding  years. 
Late  in  October  he  made  the  good  average  of 
$385  on  113  head  of  imported  and  home-bred  cat- 
tle sold  at  Kansas  City.  At  this  sale  Murdo  Mac- 
Kenzie,  manager  for  the  Matador  Land  and  Cattle 
Co.,  paid  $1,000  for  the  bull  Shore  Acres.  George 
W.  Henry  gave  $1,000  for  the  good  stock  bull  Kan- 
sas Lad.  T.  F.  B.  Sotham  took  Lady  Laurel  and 
Frank  Nave  got  Lalla  Rookh  at  $1,000  each.  Scott 
&  Whitman  bought  imp.  True  Lass  at  a  bid  of  $1,025. 

Death  of  George  W.  Henry.— It  was  during 
this  two-day  sale  that  Mr.  George  W.  Henry  of  Chi- 
cago died  suddenly  at  the  Midland  Hotel.  Mr. 
Henry  had  been  one  of  the  most  active  promoters  of 
Hereford  breeding  during  the  "  eighties, "  but  after 
selling  Eossland  Park  had  dropped  out  of  the  trade 
for  some  years.  He  had  subsequently,  however, 
bought  the  old  Eeed  Farm  near  Goodenow,  111.,  and 
was  engaged  in  founding  a  second  herd,  under  the 
capable  management  of  Mr.  John  Letham,  when 
suddenly  stricken  while  in  attendance  at  this  sale. 

Another  Gudgell-Funkhouser  Sale. — At  Kan- 
sas City,  on  Nov.  15  and  16,  1898,  Messrs.  Gudgell 
&  Simpson  and  James  A.  Funkhouser  sold  97  head 


CLEARING   SKIES  671 

of  cattle  for  $27,000,  an  average  of  $278.  Buying 
for  western  range  and  Texas  account  was  active, 
and  J.  M.  Curtice  took  out  the  twelve-month-old  bull 
Hesiod  50th  at  $1,400.  William  Powell,  who  was  now 
located  in  Texas,  and  Hon.  John  Sparks  of  Nevada, 
and  0.  Harris  of  Missouri,  a  man  of  whom  there  is 
much  to  be  heard  later,  were  liberal  buyers. 

Death  of  Charles  B.  Stuart.— Through  the 
death  of  Charles  B.  Stuart  at  Lafayette,  Ind.,  on 
the  20th  of  February,  1899,  the  Hereford  breed,  and 
more  particularly  the  Hereford  association,  lost 
an  ardent,  efficient,  intelligent,  forceful  and  re- 
sourceful champion.  The  vital  factor  in  the  up- 
building of  the  Shadeland  herd,  he  had  been  a  mem- 
ber of  the  executive  committee  of  the  herd  book 
society  from  its  first  organization,  and  was  serving 
his  seventeenth  consecutive  year  as  the  "live  wire" 
of  that  powerful  committee  at  the  time  of  his  de- 
cease. He  had  seen  the  business  of  the  organization 
grow  from  next  to  nothing  up  to  the  point  where  its 
assets  exceeded  its  liabilities  by  more  than  $35,000, 
and  volume  22  of  the  record  published  in  1900  con- 
tained 10,000  entries. 

Following  closely  upon  the  decease  of  Mr.  Earl, 
as  already  recorded,  Mr.  Stuart's  death  came  as  a 
distinct  shock  to  the  Hereford  cattle  breeding  fra- 
ternity on  both  sides  the  water.  Overwork  and  in- 
cessant application  tell  the  whole  story  of  his  break- 
ing down  while  yet  a  comparatively  young  man. 
Nervous  prostration  overtook  him  while  in  the  flood- 
tide  of  professional  and  business  success,  and  a  ca- 


672  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

reer  of  uncommon  brilliancy  closed  ere  it  had  been 
fully  unfolded. 

A  son  of  the  late  Judge  William  Z.  Stuart  of 
the  Indiana  Supreme  Bench,  the  deceased  took  up 
the  practice  of  law  after  graduating  from  Amherst 
College  and  the  Columbia  Law  School  and  quickly 
attained  reputation  as  one  of  the  keenest-witted  at- 
torneys of  the  Indiana  Bar.  For  many  years  he 
was  entrusted  with  the  legal  business  of  the  Wabash 
Railway  Co.,  originating  in  that  state,  besides  be- 
ing retained  in  many  important  cases  before  the 
highest  judicial  tribunals.  His  wife,  who  survived 
him,  was  a  daughter  of  Mr.  Earl,  who  was  one  of  the 
leading  business  men  of  Lafayette,  and  Mr.  Stuart's 
fine  judgment  and  acknowledged  talent  were  in  con- 
stant requisition  in  connection  with  the  promotion 
and  development  of  large  industrial  and  financial 
enterprises.  In  business  and  in  his  professional 
work  Mr.  Stuart  was  equally  successful,  but  he 
paid  a  fearful  penalty  for  his  assumption  of  bur- 
dens beyond  any  one  man *s  powers  of  endurance. 

Mr.  Stuart  had  a  genius  for  mastering  the  details 
of  any  subject  to  which  he  gave  his  attention.  He 
became  not  only  an  expert  judge  of  Herefords,  but 
as  a  student  of  bloodlines  and  combinations  he  was 
confessedly  one  of  the  best  informed  men  on  either 
side  of  the  Atlantic.  The  Shadeland  catalogs  of  his 
preparation  were  for  years  models  of  their  kind  and 
brimming  with  facts  and  comments  of  value  to  his 
fellow-breeders.  He  was  partial  to  the  Wilton  blood, 
and  the  Stocktonbury  cattle  and  this  great  Wabash 


CLEARING   SKIES  673 

Valley  Hereford  breeding  establishment  proved  a 
mine  of  bovine  wealth  to  the  west.  In  judicious 
combination  with  crosses  from  Colorado,  Sir  Rich- 
ard 2d  and  Horace  (through  Garfield  and  The 
Grove  3d)  the  daughters  of  Lord  Wilton  and  of  his 
famous  son  Sir  Bartle  Frere  gave  American  state 
fairs  and  fat  stock  shows  some  of  the  most  remark- 
able cattle  this  country  has  ever  seen.  The  record- 
breaking  bull  Earl  of  Shadeland  22d  was  the  pride 
of  Mr.  Stuart's  heart.  America  has  known  few  as 
good  in  any  beef  breed. 

Happy  indeed  were  the  days  the  overworked  at- 
torney used  to  snatch  away  from  business  and 
spend  among  his  four-footed  pets  at  Shadeland 
Farm.  Had  he  devoted  more  time  to  the  cattle 
and  less  to  his  office  he  doubtless  would  have  lived  a 
longer  life.  With  a  few  edibles  from  the  city  mar- 
kets under  the  seat,  and  a  congenial  companion  by 
his  side,  Mr  Stuart  liked  nothing  better  than  to 
turn  his  back  to  the  town,  intent  upon  a  day's  outing 
at  the  farm.  " Uncle  John"  Lewis  knew  upon  such 
occasions  that  he  had  come  to  take  luncheon  with 
Mrs.  Lewis,  and  while  the  good  wife  of  the  kindly 
old  herdsman  was  preparing  a  collation  fit  for  a 
premier  of  the  realm,  old  "Bartle"  or  Garfield  or 
some  of  the  boxes  filled  with  sappy  white-faced  ba- 
bies would  be  hastily  visited.  The  newest  arrival 
was  always  an  object  of  interest  and  if  anything 
was  ailing  in  any  way  it  was  certain  to  receive  an 
early  call.  The  noon-day  meal  over  and  the  pug 
puppies  duly  discussed,  the  grand  tour  was  com- 


674  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

menced.  Mr.  Stuart  was  fond  of  drawing  out  his 
guests  when  favorite  cattle  were  under  examination. 
Sometimes  visitors  would  hit  upon  Lewis'  favorite 
and  sometimes  upon  Mr.  Stuart's  choice.  Often- 
times the  herdsman  and  his  steadfast  friend  would 
already  have  agreed  upon  one  that  was  to  be  put 
aside  as  too  good  to  part  with.  Still  there  was 
always  ample  scope  for  argument,  and  Stuart  had 
the  lawyer's  real  relish  for  debating  the  fine  points. 
In  this  respect  Mr.  Earl  was  quite  different.  He 
was  a  man  of  few  words  but  nevertheless  enjoyed 
these  Hereford  "sessions"  quite  as  thoroughly  as 
any  other  member  of  the  party. 

Memory  recalls  few  fairer  scenes  than  we  have 
witnessed  in  the  Shadeland  pastures.  The  herd 
was  usually  kept  in  strong  condition  and  carefully 
sorted  by  ages,  sexes  and  type.  The  various  bands 
of  cows  and  heifers  never  failed  to  make  a  great  im- 
pression upon  visitors,  and  in  its  palmy  days  Shade- 
land  was  easily  the  great  show  place  of  the  United 
States  as  a  Hereford  nursery.  In  the  course  of  all 
our  journeyings  to  the  farm,  however,  we  do  not  be- 
lieve that  the  question  as  to  which  was  the  best  cow 
of  the  herd  in  its  prime  was  ever  really  settled. 
We  once  went  through  the  lot  with  Mr.  Earl,  Mr. 
Stuart,  John  S.  Carlyle  and  John  Lewis ;  we  recall 
readily  Mr.  EarPs  quiet  conservatism,  Mr.  Stuart's 
keen  analysis,  of  form,  Mr.  Carlyle 's  brusque  opin- 
ions (usually  dashed  with  broad  Scotch  wit),  and 
the  modest  courteous  comment  of  Lewis.  Those 
sunny  summer  days  will  come  again.  The  grass 


CLEARING   SKIES  675 

will  grow  as  green.  The  Wabash  in  the  distance 
will  yet  roll  its  turbid  flood  through  the  dreamy 
woodlands,  but  the  old  associations  are  broken, 
never  to  be  re-formed  amidst  earthly  scenes. 

Spring  Sales  of  1899.— Sotham  opened  the  ball 
at  Kansas  City  on  March  1  by  selling  46  head  of 
cattle  for  the  fine  average  of  $516.  Col.  C.  C. 
Slaughter  of  Texas  took  out  the  show  bull  Sir 
Bredwell  at  $5,000,  Mr.  Frank  Nave's  representa- 
tive, Mr.  Keyt,  being  the  "runner  up."  Mr.  Nave 
was  reported  to  have  offered  $7,500  for  the  famous 
son  of  Corrector  a  few  days  later,  but  the  bix  Texan 
replied,  "Not  for  $10,000. "  Nave  got  the  yearling 
bull  Eye  Opener,  by  Protection,  at  $1,100.  This  was 
the  second  highest  average  up  to  date  made  on  Here- 
fords  in  the  United  States,  Mr.  Earl  having  reg- 
istered $574.20  on  38  head  at  Kansas  City,  Nov.  8, 
1883. 

On  the  day  following  this  sale  Mr.  F.  A.  Nave  sold 
at  Kansas  City  49  head  at  an  average  of  $383,  the 
top  price  being  $1,075,  given  by  Mr.  Armour  for  the 
heifer  Armel,  by  Columbus,  the  sire  of  Dale.  Grant 
Hornaday  of  Ft.  Scott,  Kans.,  followed  with  an  of- 
fering of  38  head  which  averaged  $350,  Col.  Slaugh- 
ter taking  the  Corrector  bull  Sir  Comewell  at  $1,600. 
Mr.  Frank  Eockefeller  of  Cleveland,  0.,  was  a  free 
buyer  of  good  lots  at  each  of  these  sales  for  his 
ranch  at  Belvidere,  Kans. 

While  no  sensational  figures  were  reached  at  the 
April  sales  at  Kansas  City  by  C.  A.  Stannard  and 
Scott  &  March,  about  200  cattle  were  sold  at  good 


676  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

fair  prices.  There  were  97  head  in  the  Sunny  Slope 
lot  that  averaged  $177.30,  the  best  price  being  $555 
for  the  heifer  Ashton  Bloom  with  a  bull  calf  at  foot 
by  the  $3,000  imp.  Salisbury.  The  Scott  &  March 
offering  of  99  head  made  $192.  This  was  a  specially 
good  lot  of  breeding  cattle  brought  forward  in  beau- 
tiful bloom  by  the  herd  manager,  Mr.  Godfrey. 

The  Curtain  Falls  on  Stirring  Scenes.— As  the 
century  drew  to  its  close  in  the  autumn  of  1899 
the  apotheosis  of  the  Hereford  in  America  was 
reached.  All  that  the  fondest  admirers  of  the 
" white  faces"  had  ever  predicted  for  the  breed  had 
now  come  true.  The  Hereford  had  entered  into 
full  and  almost  undisputed  possession  of  the  great 
cattle  ranges  of  the  west,  thus  opening  up  a  field 
infinitely  broader  than  the  Herefordshire  fathers 
had  ever  dreamed. 

By  judicious  concentrations  of  the  blood  of  the 
earlier  importations  a  type  of  cattle  had  been 
evolved  that  in  point  of  finish,  levelness  and  smooth- 
ness clearly  surpassed  the  Herefords  of  old  Here- 
fordshire. The  appeal  to  the  magic  power  of  in- 
and-in  breeding  by  men  possessing  the  experience 
imperatively  demanded  for  its  wise  application  was 
now  manifesting  itself  marvelously  in  every  show- 
yard.  A  realization  of  this  fact  added  the  joy  that 
always  accompanies  the  accomplishment  of  a  sus- 
tained purpose  to  the  intense  enthusiasm  attending 
the  conquest  of  the  grassy  empire  dominated  by  the 
snow-clad  summits  of  the  Eockies. 

Big  men  in  Texas,  big  men  all  through  the  great 


CLEARING   SKIES  677 

breeding  grounds  of  the  southwest,  big  men  in  Colo- 
rado, big  men  in  Montana  and  Wyoming,  big  men 
in  the  Dakotas,  big  men  in  Kansas  and  Nebraska, 
big  men  in  the  cornbelt  were  banded  together  in 
the  American  Hereford  Cattle  Breeders '  Associa- 
tion in  proud  possession  of  a  captured  market.  They 
felt  their  power  and  proceeded  to  use  it  in  effective 
fashion  in  promoting  the  general  good. 

Inception  of  the  American  Royal. — The  Here- 
ford association  working  through  efficient  com- 
mittees held  a  never-to-be-forgotten  show  at  Kansas 
City,  in  which  541  highly  fitted  cattle  participated, 
and  nearly  300  head  were  sold  at  auction  at  an  av- 
erage of  $317.  At  this  sale  John  Sparks,  after- 
wards Governor  of  Nevada,  paid  $2,500  for  the 
beautiful  Armour  Bose.  Col.  Slaughter  paid  $1,950, 
after  a  battle  with  Mr.  Funkhouser,  for  the  young 
VanNatta-bred  bull  calf  Aaron,  and  B.  C.  Rhome 
of  Texas  took  Beau  Donald  2d  at  $1,200.*  A  few 
days  later  Mr.  Armour  bought  Aaron  from  Col. 
Slaughter  at  $2,000  plus  the  choice  of  any  bull  calf 
in  his  own  herd. 


*At  this  sale  an  episode  unique  in  the  annals  of  such  events 
occurred  when  the  bull  calf  Bonnie  Prince,  the  property  of  Mrs. 
Kate  Wilder  Cross,  widow  of  Charles  S.  Cross,  was  offered.  Mrs. 
Cross  had  in  so  many  ways  endeared  herself  to  the  Hereford 
cattle  breeding  fraternity  that  there  was  a  hearty  response  to 
Col.  Woods'  felicitous  appeal  in  her  behalf  on  the  introduction  of 
the  calf  into  the  ring-.  He  was  quickly  run  up  to  $900,  at  which 
point  the  widow  of  the  late  Charles  N.  Whitman  announced  that 
she  would  individually  add  $200  to  the  last  bid  for  the  calf  no 
matter  what  it  might  be.  This  generous  offer  was  accompanied 
by  a  shower  of  silver  dollars  tossed  onto  the  tanbark  under  the 
leadership  of  Col.  Slaughter,  with  the  compliments  of  everybody, 
by  way  of  expressing  appreciation  of  what  Mrs.  Cross  had  done 
for  Herefords.  Mr.  Marshall  Field's  representative  took  the  calf 
at  $910,  and  when  to  this  was  added  the  free-will  offering  of  the 
company  it  was  found  that  something-  over  $1,200  had  been 
realized.  Mrs.  Cross  subsequently  established  a  herd  on  her  own 
account  which  she  successfully  conducted  for  some  years. 


678  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

This  remarkable  event  proved  the  foundation  of 
the  "American  Royal",  that  has  ever  since  focused 
annually  the  attention  of  western  cattle  growers 
upon  the  Kansas  City  exhibition  established  under 
that  name.  This  show  really  marks  the  beginning 
of  the  end  of  our  story  of  the  permanent  establish- 
ment of  Hereford  cattle  breeding  in  the  United 
States.  What  remains  to  be  told  relates  largely 
to  the  Herefordizing  of  the  range,  and  to  the  latter- 
day  achievements  of  the  more  successful  breeders 
and  exhibitors  of  pedigree  "white  faces"  in  the 
older  states.  We  digress  therefore  at  this  point  to 
discuss  the  introduction  and  dissemination  of  the 
blood  on  the  open  range,  which  after  all  was  the 
great  point  towards  which  all  this  work  with  the 
pedigree  "white  faces"  had  really  been  tending. 


CHAPTER  XVI. 
THE  LONG  TRAIL. 

Western  ranching  had  its  genesis  in  the  cattle 
originally  introduced  into  Mexico  by  the  Spanish 
conquistadores.  The  admission  of  Texas  and  the 
Gadsden  Purchase  of  1854  brought  within  the  bound- 
aries of  the  United  States  enormous  tracts  of  arid 
and  semi-arid  lands  susceptible  of  a  great  pastoral 
development,  but  insofar  as  the  territory  north  of 
the  present  Mexican  border  is  concerned,  cattle- 
raising  as  a  business  (as  distinguished  from  the 
mere  maintenance  of  the  herds  as  a  source  of  food 
for  their  owner  and  his  dependents)  was  virtually 
unknown  among  the  rancheros  of  that  period. 

After  prolonged  negotiations  and  a  vigorous  po- 
litical contest,  Texas,  formerly  a  portion  of  Mexico 
and  later  an  independent  republic,  was  admitted  to 
the  Union  by  joint  resolution  of  Congress,  approved 
by  President  Tyler  on  March  1,  1845.  As  a  result 
of  the  Mexican  War  and  by  the  Treaty  of  Guada- 
lupe  Hidalgo,  on  Feb.  2,  1848,  Mexico  ceded  the  ter- 
ritory now  covered  by  California  and  Nevada,  also 
her  claims  to  territory  covered  by  Texas,  Utah,  the 
bulk  of  Arizona,  New  Mexico,  and  portions  of  Wyo- 
ming and  Colorado. 

The  tract  of  land  known  as  the  Gadsden  Purchase, 
comprising  territory  lying  within  the  present  limits 


680  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

of  the  states  of  New  Mexico  and  Arizona,  was  ob- 
tained from  Mexico  in  1854.  It  embraced  45,535 
square  miles  bounded  on  the  north  by  the  Gila  River, 
on  the  east  by  the  Kio  Grande,  and  on  the  west  by 
the  Colorado.  It  had  an  extreme  breadth  north  to 
south  of  120  miles.  The  United  States  gave  $10,- 
000,000  for  it,  and  Mexico  agreed  to  cede  claims 
arising  from  Indian  incursions.  This  land  was  pur- 
chased to  settle  a  dispute  and  to  secure  a  route  for 
the  Southern  Pacific  Eailroad.  The  treaty  was 
negotiated  with  Santa  Anna  by  James  Gadsden,  a 
South  Carolina  soldier  who  was  Minister  to  Mexico, 
in  December,  1853,  and  was  finally  ratified  on  Aug. 
5,  1854.  The  sale  caused  the  banishment  of  General 
Santa  Anna  from  Mexico. 

Throughout  the  vast  interior  regions  comprised 
within  the  lands  acquired  from  Mexico  but  few  at- 
tempts had  been  made  to  invade  the  deserts,  plains 
and  mountains  that  were  the  hunting  grounds  of 
the  aborigines.  Along  the  Mexican  gulf  and  the 
Californian  coasts  hides  had  an  established  value, 
but  even  near  tidewater  there  was  no  market  of  any 
consequence  for  fresh  beef. 

The  Spanish  Longhorn. — Cattle  of  Spanish  deri- 
vation have  never  been  specially  distinguished  as 
flesh-makers.  A  pair  of  horns  well  adapted  for  pur- 
poses of  offense  or  defense,  as  the  case  might  be, 
has  always  been  accounted  an  important  character- 
istic, however,  and  the  Mexican  descendants  of  the 
animals  brought  across  the  Atlantic  by  the  Span- 
iards neither  gained  in  the  one  respect  nor  failed 
in  the  other  in  their  new  environment.  Nevertheless, 


THE   LONG   TRAIL  681 

it  is  unfair  to  assume  that  the  blood  of  the  Spanish 
cattle  was  base.  Good  cattle  did  come  out  of  Spain. 
Naturally  of  good  size,  some  of  them  reached  the 
heroic  in  stature.  There  are  yet  some  native  Span- 
ish cattle  in  Chihuahua  and  other  Mexican  states 
that  are  big,  rugged,  and  of  considerable  merit  as 
beef  animals.  Cattle  of  the  longhorned  type  excel 
as  animals  of  draft.  They  have  amazing  energy  and 
endurance  and  what  may  be  termed  "cow  sense. " 
When  bands  of  mixed  cattle  were  common  on  the 
plains  and  deserts  of  the  west  it  was  notable  that 
the  longhorns  led  the  herds  in  their  migrations. 
These  cattle  felt  the  "call  of  the  wild,"  had  weather 
wisdom  and  knew  where  to  find  grass  and  water. 
They  were  admirable  mothers  and  their  calves  sired 
by  "Durham"  or  Hereford  bulls  were  excellent. 
Whatever  may  have  been  their  faults,  judged  by  the 
standards  of  latter-day  beef-makers,  it  must  be 
said  that  they  not  only  served  every  purpose  re- 
quired of  them  at  the  time,  but  constituted  the  best 
possible  material  for  use  by  those  who  first  sought 
to  put  cattle  ranches  on  the  map  of  our  new  posses- 
sions. 

The  extension  of  United  States  authority  over  the 
Lone  Star  State,  and  the  discovery  of  gold  in  Cali- 
fornia in  1849,  resulted  in  an  influx  of  population 
and  capital  that  soon  exerted  a  stimulating  effect 
upon  the  production  of  cattle  throughout  southern 
and  north  central  Texas,  as  well  as  beyond  the 
Sierra  Nevadas.  The  herds  came  to  be  valued  for 
beef,  as  well  as  for  their  hides,  horns  and  hoofs. 
And  thus  the  infant  industry  of  cattle-growing  in 


682  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

a  commercial  sense  came  into  existence  in  the  great 
southwest. 

Capt.  Richard  King. — While  the  military  cam- 
paign that  carried  the  American  flag  to  the  City 
of  Mexico  was  in  progress,  a  man  who  was  destined 
to  exercise  a  far-reaching  influence  upon  the  indus- 
trial development  of  our  new  frontier,  was  engaged 
in  transporting  freights  and  army  stores  along  the 
west  coast  of  the  Gulf  and  up  the  navigable  waters 
of  the  region  that  constituted  the  base  of  our  opera- 
tions. This  was  Capt.  Eichard  King.  Upon  the 
cessation  of  hostilities  he  decided  to  engage  in  busi- 
ness ashore,  and  to  this  end  acquired  title  to  a  large 
tract  of  wild  land  lying  near  the  coast  between 'the 
mouths  of  the  Nueces  and  Eio  Grande  rivers.  He 
had  conceived  the  idea  that  the  production  of  horses 
and  cattle  on  a  large  scale  in  this  territory  could 
soon  be  made  a  lucrative  business,  and  the  idea 
proved  the  foundation  of  not  only  his  own  but  also 
of  many  other  fortunes  subsequently  accumulated 
as  a  result  of  extensive  land  and  grazing  operations. 

Santa  Gertrudis. — When  Capt.  King  first  rode 
across  the  plain  from  Brownsville  to  Corpus  Christi 
it  was  one  vast  flowery  meadow,  lovely  beyond  com- 
pare. There  were  then  no  thickets  of  mezquite  or 
other  brush  except  the  occasional  bits  along  the 
streams.  L£ter  occupancy  of  the  land  and  the  keep- 
ing out  of  fires  caused  the  appearance  of  great 
thickets  of  small  trees  and  brush,  largely  of  legum- 
inous nature,  such  as  the  mezquite  tree.  Within 
recent  years  the  manager,  Mr.  Kleberg,  has  cleared 


THE   LONG   TRAIL  683 

again  at  much  expense  vast  areas  of  these  infring- 
ing thickets. 

The  original  tract  comprised  about  twelve  setios 
of  4,428  acres  each.  This  aggregated  more  than 
50,000  acres,  for  the  most  part  flat,  treeless  and  with- 
out streams  or  springs  of  fresh  water.  There  were 
grasses  sufficient  to  support  live  stock,  and  the  wa- 
ter problem  was  met  in  a  primitive  fashion  by 
means  of  large  tanks  or  reservoirs  built  along  the 
few  drains,  impounding  the  storm-waters ;  but  as  few 
points  could  be  found  where  dams  would  be  of  any 
avail  these  watering  places  were  few  and  far  be- 
tween. Moreover,  the  matter  of  markets  had  yet 
to  be  worked  out. 

Upon  this  property  in  1854  the  headquarters  of 
the  now  world-famous  Santa  Gertrudis  or  King 
Eanch  were  established,  and  here  we  may  fairly  say 
our  modern  American  ranching  had  its  earliest  im- 
portant exemplification.  Cattle  and  horses  of  the 
common  Mexican  types  were  purchased  and  roamed 
at  will  over  the  vast  arid  plain  that  had  the  brack- 
ish waters  of  the  Nueces  for  its  northern  boundary. 
In  the  meantime  the  proprietor  made  an  outlet  for 
his  cattle  by  slaughtering  them  for  their  hides  and 
tallow,  which  products  he  hauled  to  Corpus  Christi, 
the  nearest  port  on  the  coast.  The  offal  was  fed  to 
hogs,  which  in  turn  were  slaughtered  and  the  lard 
shipped  by  sea.  Of  course,  there  was  no  market 
available  at  that  period  for  fresh  meats,  except  for 
local  consumption,  and  that  was  chiefly  by  the  own- 
er's household  and  his  Mexican  herders  and  retain- 


684  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ers.  The  horse  breeding  soon  became  profitable, 
the  surplus  stock  finding  ready  sale  in  the  develop- 
ing interior  of  Texas. 

Packing  Houses  in  Embryo. — The  growing  of 
cattle  for  their  hides  was  so  obviously  a  wasteful 
procedure  that  the  attention  of  capitalists  was  drawn 
to  the  opportunity  for  profit  afforded  by  such  con- 
ditions. It  is  said  that  two  plants  were  established 
near  Rockport,  Tex.,  at  a  place  called  Fulton,  be- 
fore the  outbreak  of  the  Civil  War  in  1861.  One  of 
these  was  occupied  mainly  in  the  canning  of  fish  and 
green  sea  turtle,  and  to  this  it  is  stated  that  there 
was  added  a  dessicating  department  for  the  making 
of  beef  extract.  The  other  was  called  the  Goleman 
Fulton  Packing  Co.,  an  enterprise  (Tarried  on  by 
the  Coleman  Fulton  Pasture  Co.,  whose  lands  are 
now  the  property  of  Charles  P.  Taft.  This  com- 
pany packed  beef  in  salt  as  pork  is  packed,  their 
main  business  being  the  making  or  pickling  of  corned 
beef.  Prominent  New  York  City  capitalists,  includ- 
ing "Commodore"  Vanderbilt,  are  said  to  have  had 
an  interest  in  one  or  both  of  these  concerns. 

Before  these  enterprises  were  started,  however, 
Capt.  King  and  some  of  his  associates  had  at- 
tempted to  preserve  the  meat  of  cattle  for  shipment 
by  the  infusion  of  brine  into  the  veins  of  the  cattle 
immediately  after  they  were  slaughtered.  But  on 
account  of  the  lack  of  transportation  facilties  and 
because  of  this  undeveloped  method  of  preserving 
the  beef  the  effort  was  abandoned,  and  only  the 
hides,  tallow  and  offal  were  saved. 


THE   LONG    TRAIL  685 

Capt.  Kennedy. — Prominent  among  those  who 
early  recognized  the  possibilities  of  this  new  indus- 
try in  that  region  was  Capt.  King's  old  companion 
in  the  river  and  coast-wise  steamboat  service,  Capt. 
Mifflin  Kennedy,  who  had  also  decided  to  re- 
main upon  the  border  after  peace  had  been  pro- 
claimed. Kennedy  engaged  first  in  commercial  deal- 
ings with  Old  Mexico,  but  a  few  years  later  joined 
Capt.  King  in  his  ranching  operations,  as  will  be  re- 
ferred to  further  on. 

First  Efforts  at  Improvement. — While  many  at- 
tempts were  made  by  King  and  Kennedy  to  improve 
the  quality  of  their  herds,  but  little  headway  was 
made  in  that  direction  for  many  years.  In  the  first 
place  there  were  no  improved  breeds  nearer  than 
the  distant  bluegrass  pastures  of  Kentucky.  Trans- 
portation was  tedious  and  expensive,  and  worst  of 
all  it  was  soon  discovered  that  northern  cattle  taken 
to  those  southern  plains  almost  invariably  suc- 
cumbed to  a  fever,  the  nature  and  origin  of  which 
was  at  that  time  not  understood.  The  longhorn 
thrived  and  multiplied  untouched  by  the  mysterious 
plague,  but  the  northern  cattle  either  died  or  were 
left  mere  wrecks  of  their  former  selves.  We  now 
know  that  this  was  the  work  of  the  tick  that  infects 
the  low-lands  of  the  lower  latitudes.  It  may  be  said 
in  passing  that  it  was  upon  this  same  great  Santa 
Gertrudis  Eanch  in  later  years  that  the  veterinarians 
of  the  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry  worked  out  many 
of  the  original  proofs  as  to  the  real  character  of 
the  so-called  Texas  or  splenetic  cattle  fever.  To 


686  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Mr.  Robert  J.  Kleberg,  who  succeeded  to  the  man- 
agement of  the  great  landed  estate  left  by  Capt. 
King  at  his  death  in  April,  1885,  is  credited  a  large 
share  in  this  important  work  of  discovering  and  de- 
veloping the  true  nature  of  the  disorder  that  cost 
American  cattle  growers  so  dearly  before  a  correct 
diagnosis  was  established. 

Capt.  King  blazed  the  way  for  the  great  cattle 
business  that  afterwards  brought  such  wealth  to  the 
Texas  commonwealth,  and  which  after  the  Civil  War 
was  extended  northward  and  westward  until  the  an- 
cient grazing  grounds  of  the  bison,  leading  up  in  all 
directions  to  the  rugged  walls  of  the  Eocky  Moun- 
tains, were  at  last  converted  into  one  enormous  open 
cattle  pasture.  His  business  prospered,  and  he  lived 
to  see  his  landed  estate  expand  to  500,000  acres.  At 
the  time  of  his  decease  this  was  enclosed  by  a  good 
fence,  but  the  huge  holding  was  divided  into  but  two 
pastures — one  the  upper  or  northern  in  Nueces 
county,  known  by  the  original  name  of  Santa  Ger- 
trudis,  and  the  other  known  as  the  lower  or  south- 
ern range  in  Cameron  county.  This  vast  property 
in  more  recent  years  was  more  than  doubled  in  area, 
so  that  Mrs.  King,  who  was  the  sole  devisee  and 
legatee  of  the  estate,  ultimately  became  the  mistress 
of  a  princely  domain  of  more  than  one  million  acres, 
well  stocked  with  highly-bred  Heref ords  and  Short- 
horns. But  that  involves  the  story  of  Eobert  Kle- 
berg's  stewardship,  to  be  referred  to  further  on. 

Breeding  Up  the  Native  Stock. — Following  the 
earlier  successes  of  Capt.  King  and  Capt.  Kennedy 


688  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

and  their  contemporaries  in  the  extreme  south 
of  Texas,  cattle  were  introduced  into  the  central  and 
northern  portions  of  the  giant  state.  The  founda- 
tion herds  were  longhorns,  but  in  the  late  '50 's  and 
the  years  just  preceding  the  outbreak  of  the  Civil 
War  in  1861  the  owners  had  made  strenuous  efforts 
to  improve  the  breed.  Shorthorn  bulls,  mainly  from 
Kentucky  and  Missouri,  were  freely  bought,  and 
while  the  death  rate  among  them  constituted  a  heavy 
tax  upon  their  enterprising  buyers,  the  persistency 
with  which  the  policy  was  pursued  at  last  mani- 
fested itself  in  a  gradual  betterment  of  the  general 
cattle  stock  of  that  entire  region;  so  much  so  that 
when  the  great  expansion  in  cattle  ranching  set  in 
after  the  close  of  the  war  the  pastures  lying  to  the 
north  of  San  Antonio  contained  a  leaven  of  "Dur- 
ham" blood  that  ultimately  leavened  a  large  pro- 
portion of  the  entire  lump,  while  on  the  lower  ranges 
the  so-called  "  coast "  cattle  were  still  of  the  dis- 
tinctly longhorned  type. 

The  Mormon  Cattle. — The  early  Mormon  emigra- 
tion to  Utah  was  a  considerable  factor  in  fixing  the 
cattle  stocks  of  that  region,  for  these  people  took 
with  them  good  milking  cows  largely  of  Shorthorn 
blood.  In  the  early  '80  's  Utah  still  had  many  good 
descendants  of  these  valuable  milch  cows,  and  many 
a  ranch  was  stocked  with  cattle  bought  in  the  Mor- 
mon settlements.  These  cattle,  however,  had  the 
habit  of  milk-giving  too  strongly  pronounced  to  make 
them  ideal  range  stock,  as  the  cows  frequently  lost 
parts  of  their  udders  from  having  more  milk  than 


THE    LONG    TRAIL  689 

their  calves  could  take,  and  they  were  such  persist- 
ent milkers  that  they  were  apt  to  go  into  winter  too 
thin  in  flesh.  They  formed,  however,  ideal  mothers 
for  the  creation  of  grade  Hereford  herds. 

Pacific  Coast  Cattle. — On  the  western  coast  the 
situation  was  somewhat  similar  to  that  in  Texas. 
In  the  extreme  south  the  Spanish  stock  still  pre- 
vailed in  its  natural  state,  but  a  steady  stream  of 
"settlers"  from  the  middle  west,  seeking  their  El 
Dorado  at  the  end  of  the  Oregon  and  Santa  Fe 
trails,  had  driven  many  a  beast  of  Shorthorn  or 
Devon  extraction  across  the  great  divide,  where  un- 
der climatic  conditions  favorable  to  northern-grown 
animals  they  had  planted  the  seeds  of  substantial 
improvement.  Thus  it  came  about  that  in  both 
Oregon  and  California  a  start  towards  a  higher 
standard  had  been  made  at  a  comparatively  early 
period.  In  all  these  instances  the  cross  of  the  Short- 
horn on  the  longhorn  had  increased  the  size,  leveled 
the  carcass  and  improved  the  fleshing  capacity  of 
the  cattle. 

Shorthorn  Crosses  in  Evidence. — The  Hereford 
had  no  place  in  the  original  invasion  of  the  range 
country.  The  first  great  pitched  battles  with  the 
elements  were  fought  mainly  by  the  Texas  long- 
horns  of  both  the  improved  and  unimproved  types. 
Had  they  all  been  of  the  straight  "coast"  type,  it  is 
possible  that  the  earlier  efforts,  more  especially  in 
the  north,  might  have  met  with  fewer  reverses.  In 
those  first  fierce  exposures  to  unaccustomed  rigors 
the  Shorthorns  and  their  grades  had  to  bear  an  im- 


690  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

portant  part,  for  as  already  stated  the  blood  had 
been  introduced  into  north  Texas  before  the  first 
herds  hit  the  northern  trails.  Moreover,  by  the  time 
the  forward  movement  got  into  full  swing  a  consid- 
erable stream  of  Shorthorn  blood  was  pouring  into 
the  great  drive  from  herds  that  had  been  established 
in  the  south  of  Kansas,  in  the  Indian  Territory  and 
the  Cherokee  strip.  Such  points  as  Harper,  Medi- 
cine Lodge,  Caldwell  and  Wichita  were  all  on  the 
confines  of  a  great  cow  country  that  had  recourse 
for  bulls  to  the  Missouri  and  Kentucky  Shorthorn 
herds.  Then,  too,  the  westward  drift  from  central 
Texas  into  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  the  Panhandle  and 
Colorado  included  some  cattle  of  an  "improved" 
Texan  type. 

The  Great  Migration.— As  late  as  the  year  1860 
the  mountains  of  Colorado  still  looked  down  east, 
west,  north  and  south  upon  a  grassy  wilderness 
that  practically  knew  only  the  hoofs  of  the  buffalo 
and  the  antelope  and  their  pursuers — the  hunters 
and  the  hunted.  Railway  iron  at  length  pierced  the 
very  heart  of  this  great  preserve,  however,  and  the 
Union  Pacific  locomotives  sounded  the  end  of  the 
old,  the  beginning  of  a  new  regime — the  coming  of 
the  cattle. 

Crossing  the  Red  River  the  great  hegira  to  the 
north  began  in  earnest  along  trails  soon  to  become 
historic,  only  to  fade  away  again  after  the  lapse  of 
many  years  into  mere  traditions  of  the  past,  The 
herds  were  headed  largely  towards  El  Reno,  Camp 
Supply  and  Dodge  City.  From  near  Muskogee  the 


THE   LONG   TRAIL  691 

famous  Chisholm  Trail  followed  the  valley  of  the 
Arkansas  as  far  as  Wichita  and  thence  on  to  Abi- 
lene. The  pastures  of  the  Territory,  the  Cherokee 
strip  and  southern  Kansas,  first  felt  the  pressure 
from  the  south,  but  about  the  same  time  a  drift  set 
in  from  central  Texas  up  the  valley  of  the  Pecos,  in 
which  direction  trails  soon  wended  their  way  out 
into  New  Mexico  and  beyond. 

Eastern  Colorado  and  central  and  western  Kansas 
and  Nebraska,  constituting  a  vast  realm  of  free 
grass,  were  successfully  pastured.  The  tide  of  im- 
migration was  rolling  steadily  into  the  Eocky  Moun- 
tain region  across  the  plains  from  the  mid-west 
states.  The  imaginations  of  the  adventurous  every- 
where were  stirred  by  the  stories  of  fortunes  to  be 
made  in  western  cattle.  Daring  spirits  flocked  to 
the  scene  of  the  spectacular  expansion,  and  plunged 
into  the  game  regardless  of  their  inexperience — "the 
butcher,  the  baker  and  candle-stick  maker, "  all 
anxious  to  engage  in  this  wonderful  new  business  of 
cattle  ranching.  The  big  pastures  and  mountain 
meadows  of  Montana,  Wyoming  and  Colorado  were 
not  long  in  filling  up.  Denver,  the  capital  of  cow- 
land,  was  the  scene  of  feverish  activities.  Big  deals 
capitalizing  alluring  propositions  were  easily  han- 
dled. Goodnight  was  waking  up  the  Panhandle,  and 
Swan  and  his  contemporaries  were  enthusing  the 
north.  All  the  way  from  Helena  to  San  Antonio  the 
pot  boiled  furiously. 

Farther  and  farther  into  the  interior  of  this  in- 
land empire,  the  cowmen  pushed  their  way,  and  the 


692  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

railway  and  the  stagecoach  soon  sought  gateways 
into  the  nation's  virgin  pastoral  possessions.  Staid 
Scotch  capitalists,  scions  of  the  British  aristocracy, 
and  "  tenderf  eet "  of  nearly  every  name  and  nation 
joined  in  the  chase — the  race  to  put  cattle  into  every 
nook  and  corner  of  the  great  big  Brobdingnagian 
West,  regardless  of  climatic  conditions  or  possible 
consequences. 

In  the  midst  of  it  all  the  new  southwest  was  not 
forgotten.  The  advantages  of  the  lower  latitudes 
as  a  breeding  ground  were  many  and  obvious.  All 
were  ready  to  listen  to  new  schemes  for  further  de- 
velopment in  any  direction.  Out  on  the  pastures  of 
New  Mexico  and  Arizona  soon  the  cattle  found  a 
footing.  Far-off  Nevada  escaped  not  the  hoofs  of 
the  on-coming  herds,  and  there  was  always  Cali- 
fornia. The  creatures  of  a  "wild"  that  was  fairly 
continental  in  its  vast  expanse,  stupendous  in  its  dis- 
tances, its  heights,  its  depths  and  possibilities,  gave 
way  in  all  directions  before  the  grand  army  of  the 
occupation.  The  victory  was  only  gained,  however, 
at  heavy  cost.  The  gods  were  at  first  propitious. 
Fortune  smiled  alike,  for  a  time  at  least,  upon  the 
just  and  the  unjust,  but  the  inevitable  happened. 
The  bubble  of  indefinite  and  unwarranted  expansion 
and  improvidence  burst.  'But  experience  teaches. 
Better  methods  gradually  supervened,  and  in  the 
meantime  the  hardy  Hereford  had  been  introduced 
and  cattle  ranching  took  on  a  more  settled  character. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 
FIRST  HEREFORDS  ON  THE  RANGE. 

It  is  now  impossible  either  to  fix  definitely  the 
date  when  the  Herefords  made  their  first  appear- 
ance upon  the  western  range  or  to  locate  accurately 
the  place  where  the  earliest  experiments  in  pas- 
tures limited  only  by  the  horizon  were  really  staged. 
However,  it  may  be  stated  with  reasonable  certainty 
that  the  time  was  somewhere  near  1870,  and  the 
place  Colorado.  It  can  also  be  safely  recorded  that 
the  initial  buying  was  cautiously  approached  by 
men  who  had  no  assurance  whatever  that  the  ven- 
ture would  prove  successful.  But  it  did.  Had  it 
not,  this  volume  might  never  have  been  published. 

In  a  letter  written  by  Mr.  T.  L.  Miller  in  1877  the 
statement  is  made  that  "it  is  now  ten  or  twelve 
years  since  the  Herefords  were  first  taken  to  the 
plains, ' '  but  he  gives  no  names  or  dates.  This  would 
place  the  period  of  their  introduction  at  from  1867 
to  1869.  It  is  of  course  easily  possible  that  some  of 
the  old  Stone,  the  Ohio  or  early  eastern  blood  had 
found  its  way  west  at  that  time.  In  fact  we  should 
think  this  extremely  probable.  The  state  of  Colo- 
rado, being  in  the  direct  line  of  cornbelt  emigration, 
would  naturally  be  one  of  the  first  to  receive  the 
blood  of  improved  cattle  of  eastern  origin.  The 
Texans  of  that  day  bought  almost  exclusively  from 
Kentucky,  and  as  that  state,  at  that  period,  had  no 


694  A  HISTORY  OP  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Herefords  of  which  there  is  trace  it  is  not  difficult 
to  realize  that  Colorado  would  logically  beat  Texas 
to  the  " white  faces,"  and  such  was  undoubtedly 
the  case.  Mr.  Miller  himself  sold  three  Hereford 
bulls  in  1873  to  George  Zweck  of  Longmont,  Colo. — 
a  yearling,  a  two-year-old  and  a  three-year-old 
afterwards  registered  as  Plato  590.  In  1874  he 
shipped  five  bulls  to  Denver,  which  were  sold  to 
Colorado  ranchmen.  The  first  purebred  Herefords 
to  go  to  Texas,  so  far  as  we  can  learn,  were  a  bull 
(Chief)  and  a  heifer  by  Miller's  old  Success,  sold 
by  William  Powell,  then  of  Beecher,  111.,  in  the  spring 
of  1876  to  J.  F.  Brady  of  Houston.  It  is  said  that 
about  this  same  date  a  Mr.  Hooker  took  Herefords 
from  Beecher  into  southern  Arizona. 

Making  Good. — On  being  asked,  "Why  are  the 
Herefords  the  best  cattle  for  the  plains?"  Mr. 
Miller  answered:  "Because  they  are  the  most 
hardy;  they  are  the  best  grazers;  they  mature 
earlier ;  they  are  nearer  the  ground ;  they  are  more 
compact;  they  have  more  hair;  they  have  thicker 
and  softer  hides;  although  shorter  on  the  leg,  they 
are  better  travelers,  and  as  grazers  they  become 
higher-fleshed  and  riper  steers;  they  carry  their 
flesh  to  market  with  less  shrinkage ;  they  are  heavier- 
topped  steers,  and  the  best  animal  in  the  family  of 
Herefords  is  the  steer." 

The  blood  was  liked  on  the  Colorado  range  from 
the  very  first,  and  in  1876  ranchmen  who  had  al- 
ready tested  it  there  reported  as  follows : 

Judge  Downing,   of  Denver,    sold  six    Hereford 


FIRST   HEREFORDS   ON   THE   RANGE  695 

• 

grade  steers  in  June,  that  were  four  years  old  in 
the  spring,  weighing  1,800  pounds  each,  and  twelve 
others  and  three  heifers,  weighing  a  fraction  under 
1,500  pounds  each.  None  of  them  had  been  fed  at 
all,  having  made  their  weights  on  grass  alone,  ex- 
cept they  may  have  been  fed  hay  at  times  during 
storms. 

Mr.  Church,  who  lived  near  Denver,  had  turned 
off  thirty  to  forty  grade  Hereford  steers  for  several 
years,  at  three  years  old,  averaging  about  1,250 
pounds  each,  that  had  never  been  fed  anything  ex- 
cept what  they  themselves  had  taken  from  the  range ; 
and  one  lot  of  these  steers  was  sold  in  Buffalo  at  7 
cents  a  pound. 

Judge  P.  P.  Wilcox,  of  Denver,  said  that  his  cattle 
ran  with  a  herd  in  which  there  was  a  grade  Here- 
ford bull,  and  from  him  he  had  several  white-faced 
calves,  and  that  these  white-faced  calves  were  as 
good  at  two  years  old  as  his  others  at  three. 

Another  prominent  stockman  in  southern  Colo- 
rado testified:  "The  Hereford  cross  on  my  native 
cattle  has  been  very  satisfactory.  They  stand  the 
winter  well,  take  on  flesh  rapidly,  and  are  really  the 
best  cattle  for  these  ranges  that  I  have  ever  had  any- 
thing to  do  with." 

Commenting  upon  these  and  similar  reports  and 
launching  a  challenge  against  Shorthorn  breeders, 
Mr.  Miller  with  prophetic  vision  said : 

( i  There  is  now  open  to  the  world,  and  brought  into 
the  world,  a  stock  country,  the  like  of  which  was 
never  before  known.  It  changes  or  will  change  the 
whole  system  of  breeding,  and  the  question  must 
and  will  be  solved  as  to  the  breed  of  cattle  best  fitted 
for  it." 

Speaking  of  difficulties  tending  to  restrict  enter- 


696  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

prise  in  the  placing  of  good  bulls  on  the  open  range, 
Mr.  Miller  added : 

"One  of  the  great  drawbacks  to  a  more  rapid 
trade  has  been  the  difficulty  of  holding  the  bulls  for 
use  in  the  owners '  herds.  The  practice  being  to  run 
their  herds  on  a  common  range,  the  cattle  of  several 
owners  intermingle.  Jones,  buying  thoroughbred 
bulls,  and  his  herd  and  Smith's  running  together, 
Smith  gets  the  use  of  Jones '  bulls.  Very  few  of  the 
cattlemen  have  fenced  at  all.  Very  few  have  thought 
they  could  herd  their  cattle,  although  this  is  entirely 
practicable.  The  introduction  of  barbed  wire  has 
made  fencing  practicable,  and  many  are  finding  that 
herding  is  practicable. 

"The  Messrs.  Thatcher  Bros.  &  Co.  and  the 
Messrs.  Swan  both  intend  to  select  cows  upon  which 
to  use  these  bulls,  and  herd  them  during  the  coupling 
season,  and  then  place  their  bulls,  until  the  coupling 
season  returns,  in  pasture  prepared  for  them. 

"The  late  Mr.  Iliff  had  enclosed  some  ten  or 
twelve  pastures,  containing  from  1,000  to  3,000  acres 
in  each,  for  use  of  cows  during  coupling  season,  and 
out  of  coupling  seasons  for  the  bulls.  There  are 
many  who  have  adopted  this  practice,  and  the  num- 
ber is  increasing.  The  difficulty  in  introducing  fine 
stock  has  been,  first,  the  cost,  and  secondly,  the 
difficulty  of  getting  the  use  of  them. ' ' 

Whereas  Mr.  Miller  had  in  the  first  instance  been 
obliged  to  "force"  the  western  market  by  shipping 
small  consignments  at  large  expense,  and  offering 
them  for  sale  on  their  arrival  in  Colorado,  the  re- 
turns soon  began  to  come  in  so  favorably  from  all 
quarters  that  sales  were  easily  made  and  at  ad- 
vancing figures.  Beecher  continued  .  for  several 
years  to  be  the  main  source  of  supply.  In  1878  Mr. 


FIRST    HEREFORDS   ON   THE   RANGE  697 

Miller  sold  forty  bulls  to  the  Swans  in  Wyoming, 
and  in  1878  Thomas  Clark  sold  twenty  young  bulls 
to  J.  E.  Temple,  Chico  Springs,  N.  M.  The  results  of 
the  use  of  the  blood  wherever  tried  proved  so  satis- 
factory that  numerous  inquiries  came  into  the  mar- 
ket for  white-faced  bulls.  Unfortunately  not  all  of 
those  secured  were  purebred,  and  many  of  the 
grades  had  little  to  recommend  them  except  their 
white  faces.  Nevertheless,  it  was  soon  made  clear 
that  the  breed  was  destined  to  materially  reduce  the 
risks  of  cattle-raising  on  the  open  ranges. 

Prominent  among  those  who  became  identified 
with  the  Hereford  cause  in  the  new  west  at  an  early 
date,  in  addition  to  those  already  mentioned,  were 
the  Culvers  of  Colorado,  Reynolds  Bros.,  John  W. 
Prowers,  J.  W.  Iliff,  John  H.  Hitson,  Thatcher 
Bros.,  G.  F.  Lord,  Ikard  Bros.,  T.  W.  Owen,  B.  C. 
Rhome,  G.  H.  Curtis,  Hall  Bros.,  Geddes  &  Bryan, 
R.  S.  Van  Tassel,  J.  A.  Baker,  Jones  Bros.,  Joseph 
Scott,  Lee  &  Reynolds,  W.  E.  Campbell,  Towers  & 
Gudgell  and  Dickey  Bros.  The  earliest  owners  of 
pedigree  Herefords  in  Kansas,  so  far  as  is  shown 
by  the  first  volume  of  the  American  herd  book,  were 
C.  W.  Kimball  of  Wichita,  W.  M.  Morgan  and  J.  M. 
Winter  of  Irving,  F.  H.  Jackson  of  Maple  Hill,  T. 
H.  Cavanaugh  of  Salina  and  H.  Woodward  of  Blue 
Rapids. 

First  Hereford  Sale  in  the  West.— On  May  23, 
1879,  Charles  Gudgell  sold  twenty-five  young  Here- 
ford bulls  at  auction  at  the  Kansas  City  Stock 
Yards.  It  was  the  day  after  one  of  the  big  Hamilton 


698  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Shorthorn  sales.  This  was  the  first  auction  sale  of 
Herefords  held  at  Kansas  City,  and  the  first  west 
of  the  Mississippi  Eiver.  Nine  of  these  bulls  were 
sold  to  Towers  &  Gudgell,  a  range  outfit  in  which 
Mr.  Gudgell  was  interested,  for  use  on  their  herd 
of  the  OX  brand  on  the  Cimmaron  River  in  what 
was  then  known  as  "No  Man's  Land,"  now  Beaver 
Co.,  Okla.  At  the  same  auction  sale  at  Kansas  City 
one  bull  was  bought  by  Col.  Driskill,  at  that  time 
one  of  the  leading  cattle  growers  of  Texas,  who  was 
also  buying  Shorthorns  at  the  Hamilton  sale. 

About  this  same  date  Charles  Gudgell  sold  the  bull 
Picture  1403  to  Jones  Bros.,  Las  Animas,  Colo.,  for 
$1,000.  This  bull  had  been  bought  from  F.  W.  Stone, 
Guelph,  Canada.  About  the  same  time  J.  W. 
Prowers  took  some  Herefords  to  his  ranch  near  Las 
Animas. 

The  Hawes  and  Campbell  Herds. — Major  W.  E. 
Campbell  of  Caldwell,  Kans.,  and  J.  S.  Hawes  of 
Colony,  Kans.,  established  large  and  excellent  herds 
of  purebred  Herefords,  which  were  drawn  upon 
heavily,  not  only  by  those  founding  new  purebred 
herds  in  the  Missouri  River  region,  but  also  by 
ranchmen  further  west.  Mr.  Hawes  had  been 
breeding  Herefords  for  a  number  of  years  at  South 
Vassalboro,  Me.,  and  in  the  fall  of  1881  moved  his 
entire  herd  of  about  100  head  to  his  Kansas  farm, 
comprising  at  that  time  some  1,200  acres.  During 
the  height  of  the  great  demand  for  the  ' '  white  faces ' ' 
Mr.  Hawes  ran  his  herd  up  to  more  than  300  head 
of  well  bred  pedigree  cattle.  It  was  noted  for  some 


FIRST  HEREFORDS    ON   THE   RANGE  699 

years  as  the  home  of  the  show  bulls  Fortune  and  Sir 
Evelyn.  During  the  years  1883  and  1884  Mr.  Hawes 
sold  $50,000  worth  of  purebred  Herefords. 

Major  Campbell  had  considerable  interests  on  the 
range,  and  engaged  with  great  enthusiasm  in  the 
breeding  and  handling  of  pedigree  Herefords,  buy- 
ing liberally  from  the  best  herds  further  east  and 
exhibiting  at  the  Kansas  fairs.  One  of  his  best 
known  bulls  was  The  Equinox  2758. 

Hereford  Endurance  Demonstrated. — The  winter 
of  1880-81  was  of  exceptional  severity  and  losses  on 
the  range  were  heavy.  This  was  particularly  true 
of  the  "  pilgrims, ' '  as  the  trail  herds  recently  from 
the  south  and  turned  out  on  the  northern  ranges 
were  commonly  called.  The  testimony  that  followed 
was  very  largely  to  the  effect  that  the  mortality 
among  the  Shorthorns  had  been  greatly  in  excess  of 
that  in  the  case  of  the  Herefords ;  and  the  fact  that 
the  "white  faces"  had  passed  through  this  ordeal 
so  successfully  now  made  them  hot  favorites 
throughout  all  parts  of  the  range  country. 

Writing  in  June,  1881,  Major  Campbell  said : 

"The  question  is  not  which  is  the  best  beast,  the 
Shorthorn,  the  Hereford  or  the  Texas  bull,  but 
which  is  the  best  rustler  and  most  profitable  range 
animal.  It  does  not  matter  to  us  what  breed  of  cattle 
has  been  most  successful  in  the  feedyard  or  show- 
yard,  for  we  are  interested  in  neither.  What  we 
want  to  know  is  which  breed  is  best  adapted  for 
range  purposes  and  range  purposes  only,  and  all 
this  talk  about  valuable  milking  qualities  amounts 
to  nothing  with  ranchmen.  In  fact,  they  do  not  want 
heavy  milkers,  but  cattle  that  will  give  enough  milk 


700  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

to  support  their  calves  and  convert  the  remainder 
of  the  feed  into  first-class  beef. 

"As  you  are  aware,  I  have  been  breeding  Short- 
horns for  years,  and  I  still  admire  them  very  much, 
and  have  about  sixty  bulls  in  use  at  one  of  my 
ranches.  At  another  I  am  using  nothing  but  pure- 
bred Hereford  bulls.  Experience  has  proved  them 
to  be  the  hardiest  and  best  range  cattle  I  have  ever 
known;  and  I  do  not  hesitate  to  say  that  hereafter 
I  will  never  buy  another  Shorthorn  bull  for  range 
purposes.  I  have  a  small  herd  of  thoroughbred  and 
quite  a  number  of  high-grade  Hereford  cows  that 
were  out  all  winter  without  feed,  and  today  they  are 
in  fine  condition,  most  of  them  being  ready  for  the 
butcher 's  block.  I  also  had  quite  a  number  of 
thoroughbred  and  high-grade  Shorthorn  cows  that 
fared  the  same.  Some  of  them  died,  and  none  of 
them  are  fat  yet.  I  am  now  breeding  them  to  Here- 
ford bulls,  against  the  advice  .of  my  Shorthorn 
friends.  That  I  may  be  fully  understood  I  will  say 
that  I  intend  reserving  all  my  thoroughbred  and 
high-grade  Hereford  bulls  for  my  own  use.  My 
Shorthorns  have  done  me  good,  and  I  do  not  intend 
to  knock  them  in  the  head,  as  Mr.  Miller  might  ad- 
vise, but  I  intend  putting  white  heads  on  them  as 
fast  as  I  can." 

This  undoubtedly  reflected  with  accuracy  the 
opinion  of  a  large  number  of  those  who  were  at  that 
date  financially  interested  in  range  operations. 

It  is  manifestly  impracticable  to  detail  the  opera- 
tions of  all  those  who  in  the  years  following  this 
successful  test  of  Hereford  endurance,  took  part  in 
their  introduction  into  the  various  parts  of  the  range 
country.  The  territory  covered  was  too  vast  and  the 
operations  too  general  to  admit  of  more  than  pass- 


FIRST   HEREFORDS   ON   THE   RANGE  701 

ing  references  to  a  few  of  the  firms,  individuals  and 
corporations  that  figured  most  conspicuously  in  the 
movement  that  placed  the  "white  faces"  firmly 
upon  the  western  map. 

On  the  Northern  Range. — As  late  as  the  early 
'80 's  the  "white  faces"  were  not  much  in  evidence 
in  the  northwest.  Around  Cheyenne  there  was  con- 
siderable of  the  blood,  but  apart  from  that  vicinity 
probably  not  5  per  cent  of  the  northern  herds  were 
at  that  date  crossed  by  Hereford  bulls.  The  great 
bulk  of  the  cattle  in  Montana  and  Wyoming  had 
either  come  direct  from  the  Pacific  Coast  or  from 
Texas.  Numbers  of  these  had  been  and  were  still 
being  crossed  with  Shorthorn  bulls. 

A.  H.  Swan  was  one  of  the  first  to  introduce  the 
Hereford  blood  upon  the  Wyoming  range.  His  firm, 
Swan  Bros.,  paid  Mr.  Miller  $10,000  for  forty  head 
of  bulls  in  the  spring  of  1878.  A  second  lot  of  fifty 
head  followed  not  many  months  later.  They  had 
previously  had  some  of  the  blood  from  Culver  and 
Mahony  of  Colorado  and  Wyoming.  Mr.  Swan's 
was  a  strong  personality,  and  he  had  a  big  following ; 
his  example  in  adopting  the  Hereford  was  quickly 
followed  throughout  all  that  vast  country  stretch- 
ing away  from  the  Union  Pacific  Railway  to  the 
Canadian  border. 

A  meteoric  record,  that  of  Alex.  Swan.  His  quick 
rise  to  apparent  affluence  when  fortune  smiled  upon 
his  ventures  on  the  open  range,  his  promotion  of 
the  big  Scotch  company  that  still  bears 'his  name 
after  years  of  vicissitudes,  his  plunging  in  lands 


702  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

and  sheep  and  cattle,  his  alliance  with  George 
Morgan,  the  "advance  agent "  of  the  English  Here- 
ford propaganda,  his  staggering  reverses  and  final 
fall — all  told  would  make  a  tale  only  too  typical  of 
the  smiling,  frowning,  fascinating  west.* 

*Mr.  A.  H.  Swan  had  gone  to  Cheyenne  from  Indianola,  la , 

some  time  around  1876.  He  had  all  the  instincts  of  a  promoter 

and  in 'his  time  engaged  in  many  different  things,  and  succeeded 
in  inducing  others  to  join  with  him  in  his  undertakings. 

He  started  in  business  as  a  grocer  at  Indianola  shortly  after 
the  Civil  War,  but  soon  developed  a  genius  for  speculation.  One 
of  his  first  schemes  in  Indianola  was  in  connection  with  the  build- 
ing of  a  railroad  to  Des  Moines — now  a  part  of  the  Rock  Island 
system.  Afterwards  he  became  a  speculator  in  Warren  county 
lands.  After  going  to  Wyoming  to  embark  in  the  then  new  busi- 
ness of  cattle  ranching  he  utilized  some  2,500  acres  as  a  farm 
for  the  purpose  of  breeding  bulls  for  shipment  to  the  western 
range.  When  John  Gosling  took  hold  of  this  farm  it  was  a  cattle- 
feeding  plant,  but  it  was  soon  afterwards  changed  into  a  breed- 
ing establishment  with  a  cow  herd  of  some  600  head. 

In  1881,  Mr.  David  Kauffman  took  an  interest  in  this  business 
and  was  made  manager  of  this  farm.  Mr.  Gosling  was  trans- 
ferred to  South  Omaha  and  placed  in  charge  of  cattle-feeding  at 
the  distillery  sheds,  where  in  the  course  of  three  years  he  handled 
over  6,000  head. 

Kauffman  retired  in  1884,  and  the  Bosler  Bros.,  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, who  had  become  interested  with  Swan  in  his  range  opera- 
tions, took  an  interest  in  the  Indianola  farm.  Mr.  Gosling  there- 
upon returned  to  this  farm,  when  the  grade  herd  was  reduced 
in  numbers  and  additional  purebred  Herefords  were  bought  from 
Culbertson's  and  other  good  herds. 

A  correspondent  of  "The  Breeder's  Gazette,"  writing  of  Swan 
and  his  Indianola  career,  says: 

"During  the  years  of  his  prosperity  Mr.  Swan  was  connected 
with  numerous  enterprises  in  and  about  Indianola.  He  had  in- 
terests in  farms,  a  coal  mine,  brick  yard,  flouring  mill,  canning 
factory  and  a  bank  or  two.  He  had  close  business  connections 
with  several  Engish  capitalists  and  live  stock  men,  and  was  fond 
of  bringing  them  to  North  Farm  to  see  the  cattle.  The  story  was 
recently  told  me  by  an  old  resident  that,  when  it  was  known 
that  Swan  was  coming  to  town,  the  word  would  be  passed  from 
one  to  another,  'Eck's  a  comin',  Eck's  a  comin'  'smorning',  and  a 
spirit  of  suppressed  excitement  pervaded  the  little  town  as  if 
awaiting  a  visit  from  the  President  of  the  United  States.  His 
partners,  various  employes  and  other  retainers  would  repair  to 
the  railway  station  an  hour  before  train-time  to  discuss  what 
'Eck'  would  do  on  'this  trip'  with  regard  to  his  numerous  local 
activities.  When  the  train  would  at  last  arrive  Swan  would 
come  off  with  his  following  of  Englishmen  and  eastern  capitalists 
and  lead  the  way  to  the  hotel  like  a  lord,  passing  out  greetings 
and  shaking  hands  on  all  sides. 

"But  the  end  came,  when  his  ambition  and  self-confidence 
overran  his  judgment  with  the  inevitable  result.  That  was  early 
in  1887.  North  Farm  went  to  the  Boslers,  who  held  it  for  a 
number  of  years,  selling  it  in  parcels,  and  finally  selling  the  tract 
containing  the  main  improvements  to  Mr.  Jacob  Piffer,  in  the 
hands  of  whose  estate  it  still  lies.  Mr.  Swan  had  acquired  the 
farm  from  an  early  settler  and  financier,  who  had  combined  its 
component  parts  into  one  body  of  land.  This  was  D.  H.  Van  Pelt, 
grandfather  of  Prof.  H.  G.  Van  Pelt,  Iowa's  dairy  expert." 


Alex  JBowie 


704  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

The  Swan  Land  and  Cattle  Co.— The  Swan  Land 
&  Cattle  Co.  was  first  talked  of  in  the  summer  of 
1882,  and  was  formally  organized  in  Edinburgh, 
Scotland,  in  the  spring  of  1883.  Mr.  A.  H.  Swan, 
accompanied  by  Mr.  John  Donnelly,  now  of  the 
Sioux  City  Stock  Yards,  went  over  and  floated  the 
company.  Mr.  Colin  J.  Mackenzie,  of  Portmore,  was 
elected  chairman  and  had  under  him  a  strong  board 
of  directors.  Mr.  Finlay  Dun  was  made  secretary. 
The  basis  of  the  company  was  the  Swan  &  Frank 
Co.  holdings.  Various  other  properties  were  ac- 
quired, notably  those  of  H.  B.  Kelly  and  E.  W. 
Whitcomb.  The  headquarters  were  established  at 
Chugwater,  Wyo.,  and  there  they  have  remained 
ever  since.  The  authorized  capital  of  the  company 
was  $4,500,000,  but  only  about  $3,250,000  was  actually 
subscribed  and  put  in  use.  The  capital  today  is 
$1,250,000,  thus  showing  a  loss  of  $2,000,000.  The 
assets,  however,  are  more  valuable  than  the  present 
capital. 

Swan  was  a  "plunger"  always,  and  rising  upon 
what  seemed  to  outsiders  a  wave  of  success  he  em- 
barked in  many  enterprises,  controlling  the  Two 
Bar,  Double  0,  Horse  Creek,  Kingman  and  other 
properties,  and  borrowing  mioney  wherever  he  could. 
At  the  inception  of  the  company  Swan  had  as  his 
assistant  in  the  management  Zack  Thomasson,  a 
very  able  man,  but  he  left  to  join  the  Ogallala  Land 
&  Cattle  Co.  in  Nebraska.  .  Mr.  Thomasson  remained 
only  a  short  time  with  that  outfit,  sold  out,  and  in- 
vested his  money  in  real  estate. 


706  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

The  seasons  of  1883  and  1884  were  prosperous 
ones  on  the  range,  and  this  company,  as  well  as 
other  properties  controlled  by  Swan,  showed  excel- 
lent profits,  but  a  decline  of  prices  came  in  1885  and 
1886.  The  summer  of  1886  was  a  dry  one.  The 
ranges  were  overloaded,  cattle  were  thinr  and  values 
declined  severely.  Prices  for  the  Swan  native  steers 
in  these  early  years  ranged  as  follows :  1884,  $47.06 ; 
1885,  $40.24;  1886,  $30.15;  1887,  $29.43;  1888,  $35.24. 
The  great  bulk  of  these  were  strong  in  the  Hereford 
blood,  many  of  them  being  first  crosses  on  Oregon 
cows. 

The  Wyoming  Hereford  Co. — This  organization 
had  no  connection  with  the  Swan  company  proper, 
except  that  some  shareholders  held  stock  in  each. 
The  ranch  upon  which  the  purebred  Heref  ords  were 
carried  comprised  some  30,000  acres  on  Crow  Creek, 
just  east  of  Cheyenne.  George  Morgan  was  engaged 
as  the  active  manager  and  made  a  number  of  im- 
portations direct  from  Herefordshire,  as  has  been 
referred  to  in  a  previous  chapter.  One  of  his  early 
operations  was  the  purchase  of  the  entire  herd  of 
Mr.  J.  H.  Yeomans  of  Stretton  Court,  comprising 
200  head  which  were  shipped  from  Liverpool  on 
April  16,  1883.  Another  large  importation  was 
made  in  1884,  including  186  bulls  bred  in  England. 
The  herd  numbered  over  500  head  at  one  time,  in- 
cluding more  than  300  breeding  cows  and  a  sensa- 
tional array  of  stock  bulls,  among  which  were  Eu- 
dolph  by  The  Grove  3d,  Lord  Wilton  2d,  Victor  by 
Winter  de  Cote,  and  Sir  Thomas  of  G.  S.  Burleigh's 
breeding. 


FIRST   HEREFORDS   ON   THE   RANGE  707 

From  this  herd  large  numbers  of  purebred  bulls 
went  out  to  spread  the  fame  of  the  " white  faces" 
throughout  the  northern  range.  All  the  more 
enterprising  breeders  of  Montana  and  Wyoming  had 
recourse  to  it,  and  while  it  made  no  money  for  its 
owners  it  placed  within  the  reach  of  the  cattlemen 
of  the  north  blood  that  left  its  mark  for  many  a 
year.  Under  different  ownership  the  herd  is  still 
maintained. 

First  Herefords  in  the  Panhandle. — It  seems  to 
be  generally  allowed  that  the  credit  for  the  revo- 
lutionizing of  the  blood  of  the  Texas  Panhandle 
herds  along  Hereford  lines  is  largely  due  to  Charles 
Goodnight,  whose  career  as  a  scout  and  pioneer  on 
the  old  frontier  would  supply  material  enough  for 
a  stirring  volume  on  the  development  of  the  great 
southwest.  He  embraced  cattle-breeding  as  a  pro- 
fession in  1856  in  Palo  Pinto  Co.,  Tex.,  beginning 
with  430  head  and  handling  them  on  shares  until  the 
Civil  War.  He  early  set  about  to  improve  them; 
the  only  way  open  at  that  time  was  through  selec- 
tion, but  by  this  primitive  means  he  succeeded  in 
producing  what  was  doubtless  one  of  the  best  herds 
in  Texas  at  that  time.  When  the  war  came  on  he 
joined  the  Texas  rangers,  and  served  against  the 
Comanches  and  Kiowas. 

In  1886  he  laid  off  the  "Goodnight  Trail,"  by 
way  of  the  Pecos  River  through  Colorado  to  Chey- 
enne, Wyo.  He  settled  in  1870  near  Pueblo,  Colo. 
From  here  he  removed  to  the  Panhandle  in  the  fall 
of  1876,  establishing  in  what  is  known  as  the  Palo 
Duro  Canyon  of  the  Eed  River  the  JA  Ranch,  with 


708  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

1,600  graded  Colorado  cattle  and  seventy-five  head 
of  high-grade  Shorthorns  as  the  foundation  herd. 
The  latter,  known  as  the  JJ  herd,  were  set  aside  as 
a  breeding  plant,  and  kept  entirely  distinct  from 
the  other  herd  were  bred  to  purebred  Shorthorn 
bulls.  Mr.  Goodnight 's  headquarters  were  in  Arm- 
strong county,  but  the  range  covered  portions  of 
Donley,  Hall,  Briscoe,  Swisher  and  Eandall  coun- 
ties. 

Adair  &  Goodnight. — In  1877  John  Adair,  an 
Irishman  of  considerable  wealth,  while  traveling  in 
the  United  States  met  Charles  Goodnight  in  Den- 
ver. The  latter  was  at  that  date  probably  as  fa- 
miliar with  the  southwest  as  any  white  man  then 
living,  and  he  persuaded  Adair  to  join  him  in  the 
Palo  Duro  Canyon  ranch  proposition.  A  partner- 
ship was  formed  by  the  two  men,  in  which  Adair 
held  a  two-thirds  interest  and  Goodnight  the  re- 
maining one-third. 

The  country  at  that  time  was  without  railroads, 
settlers  or  cattle,  and  teemed  .  with  buffalo.  The 
Comanches,  who  inhabited  this  country,  had  been 
rather  thoroughly  subdued  the  year  before  by  the 
McKenzie  expedition  and  removed  to  the  reserva- 
tion in  Oklahoma,  at  that  time  Indian  Territory. 
The  partners,  accompanied  by  Mrs.  Adair,  who  was 
the  eldest  daughter  of  Major  General  James  S. 
Wadsworth  of  Geneseo,  N.  Y.,  made  their  trips  to 
and  from  the  new  ranch  for  hundreds  of  miles 
across  country  on  horseback  and  with  wagons,  and 
on  at  least  one  occasion  were  escorted  by  a  troop 


COL.    CHARLES    GOODNIGHT. 


710  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

of  United  States  cavalry.  Their  efforts  for  the  first 
few  years  were  expended  in  acquiring  the  necessary 
land,  herding  back  the  buffalo  and  bringing  in  cattle 
with  which  to  stock  the  new  ranch.  The  lands  were 
largely  acquired  from  the  firm  of  Gunther  &  Munson, 
who  had  "located"  a  large  territory  under  the  then 
very  liberal  land  laws  of  the  state  of  Texas.  The 
greater  part  of  the  cattle,  as  above  stated,  were 
originally  brought  from  Colorado  and  the  north 
and  were  grade  Shorthorns. 

From  the  beginning  the  active  management  of  the 
property  was  in  Mr.  Goodnight 's  hands,  and  the 
new  firm  soon  began  to  buy  cattle  in  large  numbers. 
Out  of  the  herds  purchased  Mr.  Goodnight  selected 
the  best  for  breeding  purposes,  thereby  starting 
what  was  known  as  the  JJ  herd.  These  he  bred  first 
to  purebred  Shorthorn,  or  "  Durham "  bulls,  as  he 
still  prefers  to  call  them,  and  as  far  as  possible 
raised  therefrom  the  bulls  for  the  main  range  or 
JA  herd. 

0.  H.  Nelson  Brings  in  Herefords. — In  the  spring 
of  1883  Mr.  0.  H.  Nelson,  representing  the  firm  of 
Finch,  Lord  &  Nelson,  cattle  dealers  of  Burlingame, 
Kans.,  bought  in  Kansas,  Iowa  and  Missouri  be- 
tween 500  and  600  head  of  as  good  young  breeding 
cows  as  could  be  secured  without  buying  registered 
animals.  He  brought  them  into  the  Panhandle  of 
Texas,  locating  them  on  a  part  of  the  Adair  &  Good- 
night range  south  of  Eed  Eiver  on  Tule  Creek. 
This  was  in  Swisher  county,  near  where  the  thrifty 
town  of  Tulia  is  now  located.  At  that  date  this 


FIRST   HEREFORDS   ON   THE   RANGE  711 

country  was  of  course  still  unfenced  and  practically 
unoccupied.  This  herd  consisted  mostly  of  Short- 
horns, but  a  few  were  one-half  and  three-fourths 
blood  Herefords.  The  bulls,  some  twenty  in  num- 
ber, were  all  good  registered  Herefords  that  had 
cost  from  $300  to  $600  per  head.  Mr.  Nelson 
reached  the  range  with  this  herd  about  June  1,  1883, 
having  been  on  the  trail  from  Dodge  City  for  six 
weeks.  About  August  15  of  this  same  year  he  sold 
the  cows  to  Mr.  Goodnight  for  $75  per  head,  count- 
ing calves ;  that  is,  each  cow  and  calf  brought  $150, 
the  dry  cows  and  heifers  $75,  and  the  bulls  were 
turned  over  at  $250  per  head. 

This  good  lot  of  cattle  was  turned  in  with  the  JJ 
herd,  and  the  Shorthorn  bulls  were  all  taken  out 
and  replaced  by  registered  Herefords.  These  were 
the  first  Herefords  brought  into  the  Panhandle,  ex- 
cepting a  few  that  Nelson  had  taken  down  in  the 
spring  of  1882. 

The  Price  Importation. — In  the  summer  of  1883 
Finch,  Lord  &  Nelson  arranged  with  J.  E.  Price  & 
Son  of  Williamsville,  111.,  to  make  a  joint  importa- 
tion of  Herefords  from  England,  and  sent  "Ned" 
Price  over  to  locate  them  and  see  what  they  would 
cost.  Mr.  Nelson  was  to  have  joined  him  later,  but 
owing  to  press  of  business  did  not  go,  so  that  Price 
did  the  buying  and  importing.  This  lot  numbered 
about  eighty  bulls  and  twenty  cows.  Out  of  this 
importation  there  were  sold  to  Adair  &  Goodnight 
and  delivered  at  Wichita  Falls,  Tex.,  in  March, 
1884,  forty  bulls  at  $400  per  head.  Finch,  Lord  & 


712  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Nelson  took  a  part  of  the  imported  cows  as  well  as 
some  of  the  bulls  to  their  herd  at  Burlingame, 
Kans.  Speaking  of  this  purchase  Mr.  Goodnight  in 
a  recent  letter  to  the  author  says :  ' i  Taking  them 
as  a  whole,  they  were  the  best  lot  of  imported  cattle 
I  have  ever  seen." 

Mrs.  Adair  Acquires  the  Property. — Shortly  after 
this  extensive  introduction  of  Hereford  blood  Mr. 
Adair  died  at  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  in  1885,  while  on  his 
way  out  to  the  ranch  from  Ireland,  and  his  large 
interest  passed  to  his  wife,  Mrs.  Cornelia  Adair. 
Two  years  later  the  partnership  was  dissolved,  Mr. 
Goodnight  receiving  for  his  interest  practically  one- 
third  of  the  land  and  cattle.  The  remaining  two- 
thirds  has  been  known  ever  since  as  the  JA  Eanch 
and  is  still  owned  by  Mrs.  Adair,  who  though  re- 
siding in  London,  England,  makes  frequent  trips 
to  the  property  in  the  Panhandle.  At  the  time  of 
Mr.  Adair 's  death  the  partners  owned  or  controlled 
for  grazing  purposes  upwards  of  1,000,000  acres, 
and  their  herd  of  cattle  numbered  more  than  40,000. 

Since  this  change  of  blood  from  Shorthorn  to 
Hereford  about  1883  purebred  " white  f aces"  have 
been  used  continuously  on  the  main  or  JA  herd. 
Coincident  with  this  change  the  partners  began 
building  up  the  special  JJ  herd,  resting  largely  upon 
the  base  of  the  well  bred  cows  bought  from  Finch, 
Lord  &  Nelson.  This  herd  has  been  crossed  ex- 
clusively by  registered  Hereford  bulls  ever  since, 
and  has  been  the  main  source  of  supply  for  bulls 
for  service  on  the  JA's.  To  avoid  too  close  breed- 


MRS.    C.    ADAIR. 


714  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ing  additional  bulls  are  from  time  to  time  intro- 
duced from  good  herds  in  various  states. 

Mr.  Goodnight  brought  his  share  of  the  JJ's  on 
dissolution  to  his  present  home  in  Armstrong  coun- 
ty, branding  them  +  JJ.  He  bred  them  up  to  a  high 
standard,  selling  them  in  1896  to  C.  C.  Slaughter.* 

Richard  Walsh,  Manager. — Mr.  John  Farringtoii 
managed  the  Palo  Duro  property  from  1887  to  1890. 
Mr.  Arthur  J.  Tisdall  was  manager  for  one  year, 
1891.  He  was  succeeded  by  Mr.  Eichard  Walsh, 
who  for  eighteen  years  conducted  the  business  of 
the  ranch  with  the  greatest  success  and  became  one 
of  the  best  known  and  best  liked  cattlemen  in  the 
southwest.  He  resigned  his  position  in  1910,  spent 
a  year  in  southern  Brazil  in  company  with  Mr. 
Murdo  Mackenzie,  the  former  Matador  manager, 
and  is  now  managing  an  immense  newly  established 
ranch  in  Ehodesia,  owned  and  controlled  by  the 
British  South  Africa  Chartered  Co.  The  Palo  Duro 
management  at  present  is  in  the  hands  of  J.  W. 
Wads  worth,  Jr.,  who  has  held  the  position  for  the 
last  four  years.  The  property  now  comprises 
500,000  acres,  completely  fenced  and  cross-fenced 
into  convenient  pastures.  From  1892  to  1910  emi- 
nently successful  efforts  were  made  by  Mr.  Walsh 
to  concentrate  the  property  in  a  solid  block.  This 
was  accomplished  slowly  and  surely  by  exchanging 
lands  on  the  perimeter  for  those  state  school  lands 

*Charles  Goodnight  at  this  date  (1914)  is  still  living  and  is 
breeding  buffalo  and  a  cross  between  the  bison  and  the  cow  which 
he  calls  "cattalo".  He  is  successfully  farming  some  1,200  acres 
of  his  ranch,  and  as  always  doing  all  in  his  power  for  the  up- 
building of  the  country  he  knows  and  loves  so  well. 


THE  PALODURO  RANCH  HOUSE. 


Copyright  photo  by  Edward  B.  Smith 

VIEW  ON  THE  SPUR  RANCH,  AFTERWARDS  TAKEN  OVER  BY  THE 

SWENSONS. 


716  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

within  the  range  which  had  been  entered  upon  by 
settlers  in  great  number  during  the  '90  's.  This  diffi- 
cult and  at  times  delicate  task,  extending  over  many 
years,  was  accomplished  by  Mr.  Walsh  without  in- 
curring ill  feeling  or  serious  controversy  of  any  kind, 
which  speaks  volumes  for  his  fairness  and  diplo- 
macy. The  solidification  is  complete,  and  today 
there  are  no  "strays"  inside  the  JA  fence. 

In  recent  years  particular  efforts  have  been  put 
forth  in  the  way  of  permanent  improvements,  par- 
ticularly as  to  watering  facilities.  This  work  is  now 
nearly  complete.  The  JA  herd  continues  to  main- 
tain the  high  standard  set  in  1901  when  its  carload 
lot  of  steers  was  awarded  the  championship  at  the 
Chicago  Fat  Stock  Show.  And  in  1904  when  its 
steers  were  awarded  the  grand  championship  at 
the  St.  Louis  exposition  the  Hereford  had  come  into 
his  own  on  this  property.  There  he  thrives,  there 
the  management  believes  that  he  surpasses  all  other 
breeds,  and  there  he  will  doubtless  remain. 

Big  Demand  from  Texas. — Finch,  Lord  &  Nelson 
did  a  big  trade  in  bulls  for  the  Panhandle  herds  dur- 
ing the  years  1881  to  1888  inclusive,  sending  into 
that  country  during  that  period  no  less  than  10,000 
head.  In  1881  the  bulls  were  all  Shorthorns,  and  so 
they  were  mostly  in  1882,  but  from  that  year  the 
proportion  of  Herefords  increased  rapidly.  Most 
of  these  at  first  were  one-half-  and  three-fourth- 
bloods,  but  from  1883  on  the  firm  each  year  bought 
registered  bulls  for  their  own  use  and  for  Adair  & 
Goodnight  as  well  as  a  few  other  customers. 


John  Tod 


718  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

In  the  spring  of  1884  Nelson  bought  about  500 
head  of  the  best  unregistered  cows  available  in  Kan- 
sas and  Missouri.  In  this  purchase  over  one-half 
were  grade  Herefords,  the  others  being  Shorthorns. 
This  herd  was  put  on  a  ranch  in  Hall  Co.,  Tex., 
and  established  the  subsequently  well  known  "Bar 
Ninety-Six "  brand.  In  a  few  years  this  became  a 
very  fine  high-grade  herd  of  "white  faces,"  and  for 
several  years  afterwards  whenever  a  "white-faced 
critter"  was  seen  in  that  region  one  did  not  have 
to  look  at  the  brand  to  determine  ownership,  as 
there  were  no  others  in  the  country.* 

Bulls  destined  for  the  Texas  trade  of  this  period 
were  commonly  assembled  at  Dodge  City,  Kans., 
and  then  driven  down  the  trail.  The  distribution 
commenced  on  the  Canadian  River,  then  at  Mobee- 
tie,  then  at  Clarendon,  and  thence  as  far  south  as 
Colorado  City — about  600  miles  from  Dodge  City. 
Finch,  Lord  &  Nelson  sold  to  several  large  ranches 
as  many  as  500  head  a  year  each  for  several  years 
in  succession.  These  included  Adair  &  Goodnight, 
the  Matador  Land  &  Cattle  Co.,  and  the  Espuula 
Land  &  Cattle  Co.  They  also  had  many  customers 
taking  a  smaller  number,  including  W.  H.  Cres- 
well,  the  Clarendon  Land  &  Investment  Co.,  which 
owned  the  "Quarter  Circle  Heart"  ranch,  Nick 
Eaton  of  the  U— U,  Day  &  Maddox  of  the  YJ,  Lee 
&  Reynolds,  Lee  &  Scott,  the  Hansf  ord  Land  &  Cat- 
tle Co.,  Coleman  &  Co.,  Robert  Moody,  and  others. 

*Mr.  Nelson  withdrew  from  the  Burlingame  firm  some  years 
ago,  and  is  now  breeding-  Herefords  on  his  ranch  near  Romero, 
in  Hartley  Co.,  Tex.  He  handles  many  bulls,  bred  in  the  cornbelt 
states,  as  well  as  those  bred  in  the  Panhandle  of  Texas. 


FIRST   HEREFORDS   ON   THE   RANGE  719 

The  Prairie  Cattle  Co. — This  corporation  began 
operations  by  buying  in  1880  and  1881  the  herds  on 
three  different  ranges,  with  considerable  bodies  of 
watered  lands  in  each  case.  One  of  the  first  pur- 
chases was  that  known  as  the  JJ  herd  from  the 
Jones  Bros.  This  herd  ranged  in  southeastern  Col- 
orado, from  the  Arkansas  Eiver  down  to  the  neutral 
strip,  now  in  Oklahoma,  and  should  not  be  confused 
with  the  JJ  herd  of  Adair-Goodnight  origin.  The 
herd  known  as  the  Crosselle  was  purchased  from 
Hall  Bros.,  whose  cattle  ranged  from  the  top  of  the 
Dry  Cimarron  down  as  far  south  as  the  Canadian 
River.  The  herd  known  as  the  LIT,  purchased  from 
Littlefield,  ranged  in  the  northwest  corner  of  the 
Panhandle  of  Texas,  with  headquarters  at  Tascosa 
on  the  Canadian  Eiver.  At  that  time  the  country 
was  unfenced,  and  while  these  cattle  were  run  in 
separate  divisions  during  some  winters  they  drifted 
so  far  as  to  occasionally  overlap  one  another.  But 
they  were  always  brought  back  to  their  respective 
ranges  in  the  spring. 

When  the  Joneses  and  the  Halls  started  their 
herds  they  had  unlimited  range  with  abundance  of 
grass.  The  buffalo  were  about  gone  and  the  cattlemen 
were  just  beginning  to  realize  what  a  splendid  thing 
it  was  to  have  unlimited  free  grass  and  water.  The 
range  was  lightly  stocked,  the  cattle  were  not  dis- 
turbed, and  the  result  was  that  they  did  well  and 
their  owners  prospered.  It  has  been  claimed  that 
when  the  Halls  originally  went  to  the  Crosselle,  a 
herd  of  1,500  head  was  turned  loose  in  the  fall  of  the 


720  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

year  at  the  head  of  the  Dry  Cimarron  in  Colfax 
Co.,  N.  M.,  and  in  the  spring  every  one  of  these  cat- 
tle was  found  in  good  condition  within  15  miles  from 
the  spot  where  they  were  turned  loose.  This  seems 
an  almost  incredible  statement,  and  yet  even  if  ap- 
proximately true  demonstrates  what  a  splendid  cat- 
tle country  that  region  was  at  that  date,  in  respect 
to  feed,  shelter  and  water.  Cattle  on  the  open  ranges 
of  course  drifted  great  distances  in  time  of  storms 
when  there  was  lack  of  natural  shelter. 

These  herds  were  all  started  with  Texas  cows 
driven  up  from  southern  and  central  Texas.  The 
Jones  brothers  were  probably  among  the  first  in 
their  country  in  the  early  70 's  to  improve  their 
herds  by  turning  loose  pedigree  Shorthorn  bulls. 
The  Halls  a  little  later  did  the  same.  Shortly  after- 
wards the  Herefords  began  to  attract  attention. 
But  good  Herefords  were  difficult  to  procure  before 
1880  and  commanded  high  prices,  the  result  being 
that  thousands  of  grade  Hereford  bulls  were  turned 
on  the  range,  many  of  them  of  inferior  quality. 
There  was  a  keen  demand  from  all  parts  of  the  range 
between  1878  and  1883  for  white-faced  bulls,  and  as 
late  as  1884  a  good  Shorthorn  bull  without  pedi- 
gree sold'  for  $50  as  a  yearling,  while  a  white-faced 
yearling  would  bring  $75  and  often  prove  a  very  in- 
ferior animal  at  that. 

The  Halls  had  purchased  a  few  Herefords,  but 
very  few  before  they  turned  over  their  property. 
Probably  the  first  large  bunch  of  Herefords  bought 
for  this  herd  was  that  purchased  in  1886  by  W.  J. 


FIRST   HEREFORDS   ON   THE   RANGE  721 

Tod,  who  was  manager  for  the  company  from  1885 
to  1889.  These  bulls  were  turned  loose  on  the  LIT 
range,  where  the  cows  were  practically  all  a  good 
variety  of  Texan.  These,  although  only  grade  Here- 
ford bulls,  were  well  bred  and  made  a  marked  im- 
pression for  the  better  in  the  herd.  Since  then  the 
Prairie  Cattle  Co.  has  bought  almost  exclusively 
purebred  Herefords. 

During  those  years  the  Prairie  company  was 
branding  from  their  three  ranges  over  20,000  calves 
a  year.  In  the  early  '90 's  and  for  years  before  there 
was  a  great  influx  of  immigration  into  southeastern 
Colorado,  and  before  this  time  the  range  was  be- 
coming seriously  overstocked.  The  company  found 
that  in  northern  New  Mexico  and  southern  Colorado 
without  fences  or  any  control  of  the  range  it  was 
unprofitable  to  run  a  cow  herd.  The  Prairie  people 
therefore  removed  all  their  herds  from  New  Mexico, 
sold  their  water  rights  there,  and  managed  the 
southern  Colorado  range  entirely  as  a  steer  propo- 
sition, though  still  retaining  a  breeding  herd  in 
Texas,  where  they  own  the  land,  and  in  this  way 
the  property  is  managed  today. 

The  Prairie  Cattle  Co.  owned  until  very  recently 
215,000  acres  of  fenced  land  in  northern  Texas,  the 
pastures  varying  in  size  from  a  few  sections  to  6,000 
acres.  This  ranch  carried  about  10,000  cattle  in  the 
breeding  herd,  upon  which  only  pedigree  Hereford 
bulls  were  used,  experience  having  convinced  the 
management  that  the  Shorthorn  was  unsuitable  for 
the  rough  conditions  the  cattle  had  to  undergo.  In 


722  -       A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Colorado  the  company  owns  32,000  acres  of  land, 
scattered  over  the  range,  solely  with  a  view  of  keep- 
ing the  water  open.  Up  to  and  before  1886  the  com- 
pany had  a  small  herd  of  Aberdeen-Angus  cattle 
ranging  on  parts  of  the  New  Mexico  range,  but  it 
was  found  that  the  calf  crop  was  usually  disap- 
pointing and  the  herd  was  closed  out.  The  com- 
pany started  with  a  capital  of  $3,000,000,  half  of 
which  was  fully  paid  up  and  the  remainder  de- 
bentures. After  the  dull  times  and  low  prices  at 
the  end  of  the  '80 's  and  the  beginning  of  the  '90 's, 
the  capital  was  reduced  to  about  half  of  this  sum, 
approximately  where  it  stands  today.  The  com- 
pany probably  owns  at  this  writing  about  38,000  to 
40,000  head  of  cattle,  principally  steers. 

Mr.  Murdo  Mackenzie  managed  this  property  for 
a  short  time  after  Mr.  Tod  left,  and  in  1889  was 
succeeded  by  James  C.  Johnstone,  who  held  the  po- 
sition until  1906  when  he  returned  to  Scotland. 
Speaking  of  the  use  of  Herefords  on  this  herd  Mr. 
Johnstone  in  writing  to  the  author  from  Edinburg 
in  May,  1914,  said : 

"During  the  years  I  managed  the  company  I 
purchased  for  the  herd  many  hundreds  of  purebred 
bulls,  all  Herefords,  for  I  found  that  they  were  bet- 
ter than  any  other  breed  for  range  purposes.  I 
bought  my  Hereford  bulls  principally  in  Missouri, 
Kansas  and  Illinois,  and  for  two  or  three  years 
bought  all  the  bulls  Mr.  Kirk  Armour  bred  on  his 
farm  at  Excelsior  Springs.  I  remember  at  one  of 
the  big  sales  of  bulls  in  Kansas  City  I  was  passing 
the  auctioneer  who  was  selling  a  bull  which  was 
knocked  down  to  a  customer  at  $500.  Kirk  Armour 


FIRST    HEREFORDS  ON   THE   RANGE  723 

happened  to  sight  me,  and  called  out  to  the  auction- 
eer, *  There  is  a  man  who  has  got  as  well  bred  bulls 
as  that  running  by  the  hundred  on  his  company's 
ranch  in  Texas,  and  I  have  seen  him  buy  in  the 
times  when  he  was  getting  them  for  from  $50  to  $60 
per  head.' 

' i  This  method  of  breeding  made  a  very  fine  show- 
ing, and  I  left  a  fine  white-faced  herd  of  some  10,000 
head  on  the  Romero  Ranch  in  the  vicinity  of  Chan- 
ning,  Tex.,  when  I  quit  the  company's  service." 

Mr.  H.  Glazbrook,  the  present  manager,  in  re- 
sponse to  an  inquiry  as  to  his  experience  with  the 
Hereford  blood  says : 

"  Since  1903,  when  I  first  became  connected  with 
this  company,  I  have  had  considerable  experience 
with  Hereford  cattle,  both  on  the  open  range  in  this 
state  and  in  the  pastures  of  our  Texas  ranch.  Pre- 
vious to  that,  in  fact  since  1878,  I  had  been  engaged 
in  the  cattle  business,  mostly  in  Texas.  During 
those  early  years  we  had  little  but  the  old  longhorn 
cattle — now  practically  extinct  in  that  state — and 
no  fences.  Not  much  effort  was  made  to  improve 
the  class  of  stock  there  until  the  advent  of  the  barb 
wire  fence,  at  least  not  in  the  vicinity  where  I  was 
ranching,  and  I  think  this  applies  generally  to  the 
whole  of  the  state.  When  attention  was  given  to 
improving  the  breed  it  was  approached  chiefly 
through  Shorthorns,  and  there  can  be  no  doubt  that 
this  blood  greatly  improved  the  herds,  though  it 
might  possibly  be  said  that  any  good  blood  would 
have  done  so.  I  do  not  remember  when  the  Here- 
ford first  made  its  appearance  in  Texas  and  I  can- 
not remember  the  first  Hereford  I  saw  in  that  state, 
but  when  it  did  come  it  came  to  stay. 

"The  Hereford  is  in  my  opinion  best  adapted  for 
range  purposes,  his  hardy  constitution  and  'rust- 


724  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ling'  qualities  being  great  assets.  (By  the  latter  ex- 
pression I  mean  his  ability  to  take  care  of  himself.) 
I  never  see  a  Shorthorn  on  the  range  without  think- 
ing of  the  Scotchman,  who  being  partial  to  the  Here- 
ford for  this  business,  on  being  asked  if  he  did  not 
admire  some  range  Shorthorns,  remarked,  'Ay  mon, 
they  are  mighty  good  cattle  for  name',  meaning  of 
course  for  the  barn  or  some  place  where  they  could 
be  taken  good  care  of.  Our  Colorado  range  is  given 
up  entirely  to  grazing  steer  cattle,  and  when  pur- 
chasing I  always  endeavor  to  obtain  herds  showing 
strong  Hereford  breeding.  On  the  Texas  range  we 
raise  our  own  bulls  from  a  purebred  herd  kept  for 
that  purpose,  though  we  also  buy  some.  The  very 
best  of  Hereford  bulls  are  purchased  for  the  pure- 
bred herd.  We  have  used  nothing  but  purebred 
Herefords  with  our  herd  for  about  twenty  years, 
during  which  time  it  has  not  been  crossed  with  other 
blood.  I  believe  that  what  has  been  said  about  the 
Hereford  deteriorating  if  bred  in  line  too  long  is  at- 
tributable to  adverse  conditions  of  the  range,  and 
not  to  the  breed.  Until  recently  our  cattle  received 
no  feed  except  the  natural  grasses.  Lately,  however, 
we  have  fed  to  some  extent  during  the  winters. ' ' 

Conrad  Kohrs. — The  " grand  old  man"  of  Mon- 
tana, President  of  the  Pioneer  Cattle  Co.,  and  one 
of  the  pillars  of  northwestern  progress  and  pros- 
perity, Conrad  Kohrs,  was  one  of  those  who  availed 
himself  of  the  opportunity  to  test  out  the  Hereford 
blood  by  purchases  from  the  Swan-Morgan  herd. 
Seven  head  comprised  his  original  selection  at 
Cheyenne,  and  while  he  has  always  been  a  staunch 
supporter  of  the  Shorthorn  he  has  adhered  to  the 
Hereford  cross  ever  since  it  was  first  used.  He  has 
never  been  prejudiced  as  between  the  different 


CONRAD   KOHRS   AT  SEVENTY-NINE,   AND  HIS   GRANDSON 
CONRAD    KOHRS    WARREN. 


726  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

breeds,  and  has  made  repeated  experiments  to  de- 
termine which  would  give  the  best  results  on  the 
range.  He  has  not  only  used  the  Shorthorn  at  all 
times,  but  has  tried  the  Aberdeen-Angus.  In  his 
early  experience  he  accumulated  on  the  Sun  River 
Eange  one  of  the  best  herds  of  non-pedigree  Short- 
horns in  the  west.  These  were  descended  from 
good  cattle  that  had  been  picked  up  originally  in 
the  early  days  along  the  old  California  and  Oregon 
Trail.  They  were  maintained  in  the  Deer  Lodge 
Valley.  When  the  pastures  got  short  in  Deer 
Lodge,  he  was  obliged  to  move  them  into  the  Sun 
Eiver  country.  As  early  as  1879  he  branded  4,900 
calves  on  the  Sun  River  Ranch. 

The  Hereford  bulls  bought  from  Swan  and  Mor- 
gan were  sent  into  this  herd  and  the  best  bull  calves 
produced  were  kept  for  breeding  purposes.  The 
steers  from  the  first  cross  gave  great  satisfaction. 
In  the  early  days,  when  cattle  were  few  in  Mon- 
tana and  grass  abundant,  Mr.  Kohrs  preferred  the 
Shorthorns  among  these  crosses  because  he  found 
that  they  would  weigh  more  at  four  years  old  than 
the  Herefords.  But  in  those  days  there  were  no  rail- 
roads and  the  cattle  had  to  be  driven  a  great  dis- 
tance to  Laramie  City  or  Cheyenne  on  the  Union 
Pacific ;  this  put  them  in  bad  condition  and  they 
never  brought  a  satisfactory  price  in  Chicago,  be- 
cause they  were  too  large  for  feeders  and  not  fat 
enough  for  good  beef.  When  the  Northern  Pacific 
was  built  Mr.  Kohrs  moved  a  lot  of  cattle  to  Tongue 
River,  about  150  miles  south  of  Miles  City,  and  his 


FIRST    HEREFORDS   ON   THE   RANGE  727 

first  shipment  over  that  line  in  1882,  consisting  of 
400  four-year-old  steers,  was  made  from  that  point. 
As  the  railroad  facilities  at  that  time  were  not  very 
good  the  cattle  were  a  long  time  on  the  road,  but 
with  a  heavy  shrink  they  weighed  1,585  pounds  in 
Chicago,  and  brought 'the  top  price  at  that  time  for 
range  cattle — $5.85.  He  shipped  700  three-year-old 
steers  that  same  year  which  weighed  in  Chicago 
1,365  pounds  and  which  also  sold  at  $5.85.  So  it  is 
clear  that  the  herd  at  that  time  was  a  good  one. 
Herefords  Good  Travelers. — Mr.  Kohrs  says: 
"I  prefer  the  Herefords  on  the  range  because 
they  are  great  rustlers.  They  are  better  on  their 
feet  than  the  Shorthorns  and  as  the  grass  has  grown 
scarcer  and  water  more  inaccessible  the  cattle  have 
to  travel  farther  than  formerly,  and  we  find  that 
the  Herefords  keep  in  better  condition  than  the 
Shorthorns  and  go  through  the  winter  better  be- 
cause they  will  always  hunt  for  grass  when  there  is 
any  to  be  had." 

A  number  of  years  ago  Mr.  Kohrs  bought  the 
purebred  Hereford  herd  of  the  Childs  estate.  This 
was  a  good  lot  derived  largely  from  the  stock  of 
Adams  Earl.  The  pedigrees  were  not  obtained  on 
account  of  a  dispute  between  the  herdsman  and  the 
administrator,  so  the  cattle  have  been  bred  as  a 
non-pedigree  herd,  although  registered  bulls  have 
been  constantly  maintained  in  service.*  "  Since  we 

*  Associated  for  many  years  in  the  management  of  the  Pioneer 
Cattle  Co.  has  been  Mr.  Kohrs'  son-in-law,  Hon.  John  M.  Board- 
man  of  Helena,  the  present  general  manager  of  the  CK  ranch. 
The  author  feels  certain  that  western  cattlemen  in  general  will 
be  particularly  interested  in  the  portrait  of  Mr.  Kohrs  appearing 
elsewhere  in  this  volume.  It  is  a  recent  one,  taken  with  his 
grandson,  who  will  probably  follow  in  the  footsteps  of  his  fathers. 
Mr.  Kohrs  recently  celebrated  his  seventy-ninth  birthday  at 
Deer  Lodge. 


728  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

have  had  the  Childs'  herd",  says  Mr.  Kohrs,  "I 
have  found  that  the  crossbred  makes  a  magnificent 
steer,  even  better  in  the  first  cross  than  either  the 
Shorthorn  or  the  Hereford.  Our  Hereford  herd  at 
present  numbers  about  300  head,  while  our  pure- 
bred Shorthorn  herd  numbers  about  700  head.  Still, 
today  our  demand  for  Shorthorn  bulls  is  greater 
than  for  the  Herefords.  Many  small  breeders  are 
coming  in.  They  have  pastures  and  take  care  of 
their  stock  in  the  winter  time,  and  they  prefer  the 
Shorthorn  bull.  As  far  as  we  are  concerned,  with 
regard  to  the  cattle  we  have  on  the  range,  we  have 
for  the  past  four  years  used  nothing  but  the  Here- 
ford bull.  I  have  found  that  those  who  have  used 
grade  bulls  instead  of  purebreds  in  building  up 
range  herds  were  disappointed.  Strong-blooded 
bulls  only  should  be  used." 

Asked  by  the  author  as  to  his  experience  in  cross- 
ing Shorthorn  bulls  on  Hereford  cows,  Mr.  Kohrs 
replied : 

"I  do  not  believe  there  is  anyone  in  the  state  who 
has  to  any  extent  tried  that  cross,  because  the  Here- 
ford cow  has  never  been  plentiful  enough  in  our 
state  and  therefore  there  were  not  enough  to  make 
it  worth  while  to  experiment.  The  only  thing  I  can 
say  so  far  as  breeding  the  Shorthorn  on  the  Here- 
ford is  concerned  is  that  the  herds  we  have  received 
from  Texas,  where  it  was  claimed  that  the  Short- 
horn bull  had  been  used  on  the  Hereford  cows,  have 
never  been  good  lots.  I  presume  this  is  largely  on 
account  of  the  fact  that  good  Shorthorn  bulls  have 
not  been  used.  I  know  that  some  of  the  Texas 
breeders  have  made  a  great  success  in  that  line,  for 


Copyright  photo  by  Erwin  E.   Smith 
A   GOOD    CATCH— MATADOR    RANGE. 


Copyright  photo  by  Erwin   E. 
HOBBLING   AN   OUTLAW. 


730  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

instance,  Mr.  Burnett  of  Fort  Worth.  His  herd, 
bred  in  that  way,  certainly  is  a  very  fine  one,  and 
has  been  brough  to  that  point  through  careful  breed- 
ing. On  the  other  hand,  I  have  had  lots  of  experi- 
ence in  breeding  the  Hereford  bull  on  the  Shorthorn 
cow,  and  I  like  the  result. ' ' 

Joseph  Scott. — Another  leader  in  the  early  line 
of  progress  through  the  use  of  white-faced  bulls 
upon  the  open  range  was  Joseph  Scott.  Born  in 
Ireland  from  Scotch  parentage,  a  man  of  enterprise, 
high  intelligence  and  thoroughly  upright  in  all  his 
dealings,  he  operated  largely  in  Montana,  and  later 
at  Halleck,  Nev.  He  first  came  into  prominence  as 
a  member  of  the  firm  of  Scott  &  Hank,  whose  old  ad- 
dress was  Mandel,  Wyo.  They  ranged  on  the 
Tongue  and  Little  Powder  rivers,  their  brand  being 
S-H.  Joe  Scott  was  not  only  one  of  the  most  expert 
cattlemen  ever  identified  with  western  ranching,  but 
he  was  progressive,  and  early  devoted  his  attention 
to  Herefords,  more  especially  in  the  Nevada  herd. 
He  was  a  customer  of  Mr.  C.  M.  Culbertson  and 
others  of  the  pioneer  importers  from  Herefordshire. 
He  also  imported  cattle  direct  from  England  for  the 
Montana  ranch  about  1880,  and  in  connection  with 
George  Leigh  of  Aurora,  111.,  imported  120  head  in 
1897,  about  forty  head  of  which  went  to  the  Nevada 
ranch. 

Mr.  Scott  had  a  long,  eventful  and  honorable  ca- 
reer. He  was  for  several  terms  President  of  the 
Montana  Stock  Growers '  Association,  and  devoted  a 
great  deal  of  his  time  to  that  work.  For  many  years 
he  made  his  home  at  Miles  City,  and  from  there  he 


FIRST   HEREFORDS   ON   THE   RANGE  731 

went  to  Spokane,  Wash.  He  underwent  all  the 
vicissitudes  and  ups  and  downs  of  the  cattle  busi- 
ness, and  in  his  later  years  often  said:  "I  was  a 
millionaire  before  the  winter  of  1886-87,  and  a  pau- 
per afterwards. "  Eventually,  however,  he  left 
quite  an  estate.  He  died  and  was  buried  in  Italy, 
and  is  remembered  by  all  his  surviving  friends  as 
a  man  of  broad  sympathies — one  who  never  tired 
helping  his  fellowmen. 

B.  C.  Rhome. — One  of  the  pioneers  in  purebred 
Herefords  in  north  Texas  was  Mr.  B.  C.  Ehome  of 
Port  Worth.  He  began  around  1882  by  making  pur- 
chases of  William  Powell,  who  as  already  stated  was 
probably  the  first  to  engage  in  the  trade  of  supply- 
ing purebred  Herefords  for  the  Texas  range.  Along 
about  1880  Mr.  Powell  sold  quite  a  number  of  bulls 
to  various  range  cattle  breeders,  many  of  which 
went  into  southern  Texas  in  the  region  around  San 
Antonio.  Mr.  Rhome  states  that  shortly  after  he 
made  his  first  purchases  Mr.  G.  H.  Mathis  and  G. 
P.  McCampbell  of  Eockf ord  also  bought  cattle  from 
Fowler  &  VanNatta  and  the  T.  L.  Miller  Co.  W. 
S.  Ikard  of  Henrietta  began  a  purebred  herd  about 
this  time,  making  selections  from  the  herds  about 
Beecher.  According  to  Mr.  Rhome,  another  early 
Texas  herd  was  that  of  F  M.  Houts  of  Decatur, 
founded  upon  purchases  from  Fowler  &  VanNatta, 
which  included  the  imported  Carwardine  bull  Wil- 
fred. One  of  the  most  important  introductions  of 
Herefords  into  Texas  during  the  late  '80 's  was  that 
of  200  head  shipped  in  by  Mr.  G.  W.  Henry  of  Chi- 


732  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

cago.  They  were  placed  on  sale  on  Mr.  Ehome 's 
ranch  in  charge  of  William  Powell.  A  good  many 
of  these  died  of  the  fever,  but  this  was  nevertheless 
the  source  of  a  lot  of  good  blood  scattered  through- 
out different  parts  of  the  Texas  range  country.  In 
1888  Mr.  Ehome  and  Mr.  Powell  formed  a  partner- 
ship, buying  some  of  the  Henry  cattle  and  adding 
to  these  a  lot  belonging  to  Mr.  Powell  brought  in 
from  Beecher.  They  bought  a  son  of  old  Fowler 
and  two  bulls  from  Thomas  Clark  for  breeding  pur- 
poses. In  1890  Ehome  &  Powell  bought  the  F.  M. 
Houts  herd  numbering  about  50  head.  The  firm  at 
this  time  owned  about  200  head.  On  the  dissolution 
of  the  partnership  Mr.  Powell  established  his  head- 
quarters at  Channing,  Tex.,  at  which  place  he  is 
at  this  writing  still  living. 

Reynolds  Cattle  Co. — This  is  another  one  of  the 
big  Texas  cattle  companies.  It  has  holdings  at  the 
present  time  of  an  estimated  value  of  about  $2,500,- 
000.  Its  operations  go  back  to  the  very  beginnings 
of  cattle  ranching  in  the  southwest.  This  com- 
pany had  its  first  Hereford  bulls  from  T.  L.  Miller 
around  1876,  the  cows  at  the  time  being  mainly  of 
the  ordinary  north  Texas  type.  The  Eeynolds  peo- 
ple were  among  the  first  to  take  the  Hereford  blood 
into  Texas.  The  company  now  has  about  130,000 
acres  of  broken,  hilly,  but  well  watered  land  in 
Shackelford  and  Throckmorton  counties  on  which 
about  8,000  cattle  have  been  maintained  in  recent 
years.  It  also  has  300,000  acres  owned  and  leased  in 
Jeff  Davis  county,  carrying  about  12,000  cattle.  The 


FIRST   HEREFORDS   ON   THE   RANGE  733 

company  has  in  previous  years,  however,  run  as  high 
as  50,000  cattle  at  one  time. 

Mr.  W.  D.  Reynolds  of  this  company  states  that 
they  regard  the  Hereford  as  the  best  cattle  for  range 
use,  particularly  on  short  feed  in  a  drouthy  country. 
Their  early  purchases  of  Herefords  from  the  north 
turned  out  badly  on  account  of  lack  of  knowledge 
concerning  Texas  fever  and  its  causes  at  that  time. 
They  have  bought  persistently,  however,  from  va- 
rious breeders,  besides  producing  large  numbers  of 
bulls  from  their  own  herds.  They  have  at  different 
times  used  Shorthorn  bulls,  and  in  the  recent  past 
have  introduced  a  few  Aberdeen-Angus  and  Gallo- 
ways. Like  most  of  their  contemporaries  they  aim  to 
run  about  four  bulls  to  100  cows.  Bulls  of  their  own 
breeding  are  turned  in  as  yearlings,  but  when  pur- 
chased from  the  outside  are  usually  two-year-olds. 

The  Hereford  in  California. — Beyond  the  Sierra 
Nevada  Mountains  climatic  conditions  as  relating 
to  cattle-ranching  differ  materially  from  those  pre- 
vailing in  the  Eocky  Mountain  region  proper.  There 
is,  except  perhaps  in  the  extreme  southern  portion 
of  the  state  of  California,  a  much  greater  annual 
rainfall  than  occurs  on  this  side  of  the  coast  ranges, 
giving  a  larger  supply  of  succulent  feed.  The  cli- 
mate is  also  milder  and  more  equable.  Due  perhaps 
to  the  fact  that  the  natural  conditions  do  not  make 
such  severe  demands  upon  range*  herds,  the  Here- 
ford has  not  come  into  so  commanding  a  position 
on  the  Pacific  Coast  as  throughout  the  more  arid 
regions  of  the  western  states.  The  earliest  im- 


734  A   HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

proved  cattle  on  the  coast  were  undoubtedly  Short- 
horns, and  at  one  time  Devon  bulls  were  quite  in 
evidence. 

Not  long  after  the  Herefords  began  attaining  pop- 
ularity all  along  the  line  from  Texas  to  Montana, 
the  white-faced  blood  was  introduced  into  both  Ore- 
gon and  California  and  subsequently  became  popu- 
lar with  those  who  were  handling  cattle  in  large 
numbers.  Particularly  was  this  the  case  with  com- 
panies running  cattle  on  the  ranges  of  New  Mexico, 
Nevada  or  Arizona,  as  well  as  in  the  state  of  Cali- 
fornia. 

An  Importation  from  Australia. — Soon  after  the 
demand  for  Herefords  set  in  among  the  cattle-own- 
ers of  the  coast  it  developed  that  owing  to  the  high 
price  of  good  purebred  " white  faces"  and  the  high 
railway  freights  in  the  transportation  of  such  ani- 
mals Mr.  Eoland  P.  Saxe  of  San  Francisco  made 
two  importations,  comprising  fifty-six  head,  mostly 
cows  and  heifers,  from  Australia.  A  part  of  these 
were  for  Capt.  William  Kohl  and  T.  J.  Janes  of  San 
Mateo.  It  was  found  that  these  cattle  could  at  that 
time  be  landed  in  California  cheaper  than  from  the 
eastern  part  of  the  United  States.  We  are  without 
information  as  to  the  exact  sources  from  which 
these  cattle  were  obtained  or  as  to  their  use,  but  it 
is  a  matter  of  record  that  the  shipments  were  made 
and  that  forty  of  the  fifty-six  cattle  so  imported 
were  from  New  Zealand.  A  portion  of  these  ship- 
ments came  from  New  South  Wales. 

Mr.  Jastro's  Experience. — No  one  has  been  more 


FIRST   HEREFORDS  ON   THE   RANGE  735 

active  in  the  introduction  and  dissemination  of 
Hereford  blood  in  California  than  Mr.  H.  A.  Jas- 
tro  of  Bakersfield,  general  superintendent  for  the 
Kern  County  Land  Co.  Mr.  Jastro  has  maintained 
since  some  time  in  the  '80 's  a  herd  of  purebred 
Hereford  cows,  which  now  numbers  probably  500 
head  and  runs  on  this  company's  Stockdale  range. 
His  aim  has  been  to  produce  bulls  of  good  quality 
under  natural  conditions  for  use  on  the  extensive 
Arizona  and  New  Mexico  ranches  operated  by  his 
company.  The  size  of  the  herd,  as  well  as  the  pur- 
pose for  which  it  is  maintained,  makes  it  imprac- 
tical as  well  as  unnecessary  to  maintain  registration 
for  the  cattle  produced. 

Inasmuch  as  something  like  20,000  calves  are 
branded  yearly  in  connection  with  the  operations  of 
his  company,  and  in  view  of  the  long  and  successful 
experience  of  Mr.  Jastro  with  cattle  in  the  south- 
west his  endorsement  of  the  Hereford  for  range  pur- 
poses must  carry  weight.  He  testifies  that  they  are 
hardier,  will  travel  farther  for  water  and  keep  in 
better  condition  on  short  feed  than  Shorthorns  or 
any  other  breed  except  the  Devons.  "In  fact,"  says 
Mr.  Jastro,  "it  is  my  judgment  that  by  carefully 
supplying  the  range  with  bulls  of  the  right  stamp 
the  Hereford  is  really  the  only  breed  for  range  pur- 
poses where  water  is  scarce  and  feed  at  certain  sea- 
sons of  the  year  is  short.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
rancher  who  has  lots  of  feed  and  plenty  of  water 
will  in  my  judgment  find  the  Shorthorns  more  profit- 
able. " 


736  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

Mr.  Jastro  states  that  while  he  thinks  there  is  a 
tendency  towards  some  loss  of  size  where  the  Here- 
ford cross  is  repeated  during  a  succession  of  years 
his  remedy  for  this  is  to  turn  out  Shorthorn  bulls 
every  third  or  fourth  year,  so  that  cows  will  get 
back  to  their  original  size.  He  adds:  "Our  best 
success  is  in  crossing  a  Hereford  bull  with  cows  well 
bred  up  in  Shorthorn  blood. " 

Mr.  Mackey,  who  was  at  one  time  manager  of  the 
Eancho  Del  Paso,  commonly  known  as  the  "Haggin 
Grant, "  and  famous  for  its  Thoroughbred  horses, 
at  one  time  introduced  Hereford  cattle  which  later 
found  their  way  to  Bakersfield  and  were  merged 
into  the  Stockdale  herd  when  the  grant  was  sold. 

The  Chowchilla  Herd.— In  April,  1882,  Mr.  John 
Clay,  of  Clay,  Eobinson  &  Co.,  purchased  the  Chow- 
chilla Eanch,  comprising  116,000  acres  of  land  and 
the  herd  of  12,000  head  of  cattle,  for  a  Scotch  syn- 
dicate. Mr.  Clay  had  visited  California  some  years 
prior  to  that  date.  He  states  that  at  the  time  of  his 
first  visit  the  cattle  of  California  were  still  strong 
in  Spanish  blood — a  big,  bony,  stretchy  lot,  much 
heavier  than  Texas  cattle  of  the  same  ages.  These 
responded  rapidly  to  the  Shorthorn  cross.  Miller 
&  Lux  had  brought  down  to  their  ranches  a  lot  of 
Oregon  cows  which  were  coarse-boned,  heavily- 
built  Shorthorn  types  upon  which  they  had  used 
Devon  bulls  in  the  hope  of  acquiring  more  quality. 
About  this  time  Mr.  Clay  bought  two  carloads  of 
bulls  by  Devon  sires  and  from  ordinary  Oregon 
cows  from  this  firm.  They  were  put  into  the  "Sev- 


738  A   HISTORY   OF    HEREFORD    CATTLE 

enty-one  Quarter  Circle"  herd  on  the  Sweetwater, 
but  the  results  of  their  work  were  swept  away  in  the 
winter  of  1886-87  so  that  no  satisfactory  estimate 
as  to  the  value  of  the  cross  could  be  made. 

The  first  move  of  the  Chowchilla  company  was 
the  purchase  in  Illinois  of  a  number  of  good 
Shorthorn  bulls  and  heifers  for  the  purpose  of  re- 
plenishing the  then  limited  number  of  purebred  cat- 
tle on  the  ranch  and  of  increasing  the  herd.  The 
year  following  Mr.  Clay  shipped  several  carloads 
of  extra  Shorthorn  heifers  from  the  east,  which  sup- 
plied a  good  foundation  for  a  registered  herd. 

In  the  fall  of  1884  Mr.  Isaac  Bird  was  given  full 
management  of  the  business  by  Mr.  Clay  and  from 
that  time  on  the  greatest  care  was  given  to  the 
breeding  of  the  cattle.  In  a  few  years  a  Shorthorn 
herd  of  high  quality  was  established.  In  due  time 
the  blood  began  to  show  in  the  range  herd,  as  all 
the  bulls  were  purebreds.  None  but  Shorthorns  were 
used  until  the  year  1898,  when  Mr.  Bird  purchased 
several  loads  of  Hereford  cows  and  bulls;  and  it 
was  at  this  point  that  the  "hit"  of  the  company's 
career  was  made:  The  crosses  by  Hereford  bulls 
on  Shorthorn  cows  were  extra  good,  developing  into 
A-l  stock  which  was  always  in  good  flesh,  while  at 
times  the  other  cattle  on  the  range  were  thin.  Speak- 
ing of  the  success  of  this  cross  Mr.  Bird  says:  "My 
thirty  years'  experience  in  the  cattle  business  has 
taught  me  that  the  best  steers  I  ever  raised  were 
those  bred  from  Hereford  bulls  on  Shorthorn  cows, 
the  Shorthorn  giving  them  large  bone  and  square 
rumps." 


740  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

In  December,  1900,  the  Cliowchilla  outfit  exhibited 
at  the  Chicago  International  one  carload  of  Short- 
horn calves  on  which  the  blue  ribbon  for  the  south- 
ern district  was  secured.  These  calves  averaged 
600  pounds  and  were  purchased  by  Mr.  Judy,  of 
Menard  Co.,  111.,  at  $7  per  cwt.  He  in  turn  fed  six- 
teen head  of  them  for  the  International  of  the  follow- 
ing year  and  on  these  was  awarded  first  prize  for 
fed  yearlings.  They  averaged  at  that  time  1,260 
pounds.  At  this  same  show  the  company  exhibited 
one  carload  of  Shorthorn  calves  and  a  carload  of 
half-bred  Herefords  and  drew  blue  ribbons  again. 

In  1905  the  Chowchilla  people  sold  their  beef 
steers  to  the  Western  Meat  Co.  (Swift  &  Co.),  and 
the  tops  proving  too  fat  for  the  San  Francisco  mar- 
ket two  trains  of  twenty  cars  each  of  these  three- 
year-olds  were  shipped  to  the  Chicago  stock  yards 
on  the  15th  and  20th  of  April.  The  first  trainload 
averaged  1,280  pounds  and  the  second  shipment  1,200 
pounds,  with  an  average  shrinkage  of  90  pounds 
per  head  in  transit.  Mr.  Charles  Eobinson  (of  Clay, 
Eobinson  &  Co.)  wrote  at  the  time  in  regard  to 
these  cattle  that  no  one  in  the  yards  could  believe 
that  they  were  grass  cattle,  owing  to  their  being  so 
fat  and  such  early  beef.  At  least  90  per  cent  of 
these  steers  were  half-bred  Herefords.  Owing  to 
the  high  price  of  land  the  Chowchilla  Eanch  was 
sold  in  1911  to  a  colonization  company,  and  the  rem- 
nant of  the  herd  was  sold  to  Miller  &  Lux  in  1912. 
The  cow  had  to  give  way  to  the  farmer. 

Mr.  Henry  Miller,  of  Miller  &  Lux,  was  never  par- 


Copyright  photo  by  Erwln   E. 
A    RANGE    BOSS    ON    THE    O.    R.    RANCH,    ARIZONA. 


THE  MARK  OP  THE  "WHITE-PACE.1 


Copyright  photo  by  Erwln   E.  Smith 
VIEW  ON  O.  R.  RANCH.  ARIZONA. 


742  A   HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ticularly  favorable  to  Herefords,  and  often  said,  "A 
red  Shorthorn  is  good  enough  for  me."  Mr.  Bird 
says:  "Herefords  do  as  well  if  not  better  than  any 
breed  we  have  ever  handled,  and  were  I  to  raise 
cattle  again  I  would  always  be  partial  to  the  '  white 
faces. '  At  this  time  there  is  scarcely  a  herd  in  Cali- 
fornia in  which  you  do  not  see  some  Herefords,  and 
I  feel  that  within  a  few  years  the  number  will  be 
greatly  increased.  I  like  them,  for  I  know  what 
they  did  for  us.  And  I  may  state  that  our  herd  of 
18,000  cattle  was  considered  in  its  day  the  best  large 
herd  west  of  the  Bockies." 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 
THE  EED  KOBE  OF  COURAGE. 

The  winter  of  1886-87  was  one  of  the  worst  ever 
experienced  on  the  western  ranges.  It  brought  wide- 
spread disaster  and  an  almost  complete  collapse 
of  the  cattle  business  as  then  conducted  on  the  open 
range.  The  result  of  this  great  calamity,  which 
brought  ruin  to  many  leading  operators,  was  an 
increased  demand  for  Hereford  bulls.  Heavy 
losses  had  occurred  in  different  localities  during 
preceding  years,  and  in  most  cases  the  comparison 
as  to  the  relative  hardiness  of  the  different  breeds 
had  from  the  beginning  been  altogether  favorable 
to  the  " white  faces."  When  the  supreme  test  came 
in  the  winter  of  1886-87,  while  the  Herefords  them- 
selves suffered  considerable  losses,  the  gen- 
eral consensus  of  opinion  was  that  they  had  stood 
the  test  in  a  manner  which  demonstrated  that  they 
were  better  qualified  to  endure  privations  than  any 
other  known  type.  Not  only  did  the  range  men 
turn  more  generally  to  the  use  of  Hereford  bulls, 
but  what  was  equally  important,  they  began 
making  better  provision  for  the  future  maintenance 
of  their  herds.  There  was  less  overcrowding  of  the 
ranges,  more  businesslike  methods  of  administra- 
tion generally,  and  in  the  end  better  results  than 

743 


744  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

had  been  attained  during  the  wild  period  of  specu- 
lation that  had  previously  prevailed. 

Hereford  Hardiness  Hereditary .-^The  breed  that 
passed  through  this  harsh  experience  so  success- 
fully presents  an  interesting  study  in  heredity — the 
persistent  transmission  of  ancestral  qualities,  even 
after  the  lapse  of  generations.  The  Hereford  of 
old  Herefordshire,  the  Hereford  of  a  century  and 
a  half  ago,  was  bred  for  the  yoke.  He  was  not 
reared  in  the  lap  of  luxury.  He  was  not  pampered. 
His  was  a  life  of  plain  living  and  heavy  hauling. 
No  corn  and  little  cake  entered  into  his  rations.  He 
tilled  the  fields  of  his  owner,  subsisted  mainly  on 
grass,  and  often  worked  hard  till  more  than  ten 
years  old.  Beef-making  as  a  business  prior  to  the 
time  of  Tomkins  the  Younger  did  not  enter  specially 
into  the  calculation.  What  this  did  for  the  Here- 
fordshire cattle  may  be  read  today  in  those  heavy 
shoulders  and  broad  chests,  those  legs  and  muscles 
that  enable  them  to  tramp  the  range  and  win  their 
way  through  storm  and  stress  and  drouth  and  heat 
and  cold,  traversing  distances  that  are  hopeless  to 
most  cattle  of  other  improved  breeds,  and  through 
it  all  maintaining  fair  condition.* 

*Will  C.  Barnes,  author  of  "Western  Grazing-  Grounds,"  speak- 
ing of  the  superior  hardiness  of  the  Hereford  says:  "Range  cat- 
tle with  considerable  infusions  of  Shorthorn  blood  are  never  quite 
so  hardy  as  the  old  stock,  and  in  the  early  spring  when  the  heel 
flies  are  about  they  seem  to  delight  in  finding  the  worst  bog 
holes.  Once  down  they  often  lose  all  pluck  and  grit,  and  where 
a  Hereford  would  fight  her  way  out  to  hard  ground  the  cow  with 
the  infusion  of  Shorthorn  blood  is  apt  to  give  up  after  the  first 
struggle.  Even  when  dragged  out  by  the  bog  rider  she  may  make 
no  effort  to  get  to  her  feet,  but  will  lie  there  and  starve,  losing 
herself  and  her  calf  to  the  owner.  On  the  other  hand,  the  long-- 
horn or  Hereford  when  thus  dragged  out  will,  if  she  has  a  single 
spark  of  life  left  in  her,  get  to  her  feet  some  way  and  chase 
her  rescuer  off  the  range." 


THE  RED  ROBE  OF  COURAGE  745 

Swan's  Failure. — A.  H.  Swan  personally  went 
down  in  1887,  but  the  Swan  company,  which  was 
financed  in  Scotland,  survived.  No  attempt  had 
ever  been  made  to  count  the  cattle  until  the  summer 
of  1887,  when  Mr.  Finlay  Dun,  with  his  famous 
paint  pot  and  brush,  attempted  to  tally  the  herd. 
Summer  showers  and  other  causes  soon  disposed 
of  the  patches,  of  paint  and  the  work  was  given  up, 
as  it  was  found  that  cattle  were  being  tallied  twice 
over.  The  company  had,  however,  purchased  a 
lot  of  land.  The  spring  of  1887  found  the  corpora- 
tion possessed  of  a  herd  of  cattle  estimated  at 
50,000  head,  possibly  less.  In  addition  the  company 
had  about  576,000  acres  of  land.  A  large  part  of 
this  was  intermediate  sections  of  railroad  land  on 
the  Laramie  Plains — a  high  and  exposed  plateau. 
Part  of  this  was  eventually  allowed  to  go  back  to 
the  railroad,  the  original  owner.  Today,  we  believe, 
the  company  owns  about  270,000  acres  of  railroad 
land  (intermediate  sections)  and  40,000  acres  of 
land  on  the  Chug,  Sybille  and  Eicheau,  and  in 
Goshen's  Hole.  Mr.  Dun  managed  the  property 
during  the  summer,  fall  and  winter  of  1887-1888. 

Mr.  John  Clay  was  appointed .  manager  of  the 
Swan  company  on  the  first  of  March,  1888,  and  re- 
mained in  charge  until  July,  1896.  Mr.  Al  Bowie 
succeeded  Mr.  Clay,  and  after  him  came  Mr.  Wil- 
liam Dawson,  who  resigned  in  1912  and  was  suc- 
ceeded by  Mr.  M.  R.  Johnstone.  The  company  to- 
day, so  far  as  actual  management  is  concerned,  lies 
in  the  hands  of  an  executive  committee  composed 


746  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

of  John  Clay,  James  T.  XDraig  and  M.  R.  Johnson, 
all  practical  western  men. 

The  Swan  range  in  the  old  days  extended  from 
Ogallala,  Neb.,  to  Fort  Steele,  Wyo.  In  a  general 
way  the  cattle  ranged  with  many  others  over  the 
whole  territory  north  from  the  Union  Pacific  Rail- 
road (taking  the  p6ints  named  as  the  east  and  west 
limits)  to  the  Platte  River.  In  round  numbers  this 
was  a  terirtory  200  miles  long  and  100  miles  wide. 
Gradually  this  range  has  been  encroached  upon.  In 
1910  most  of  the  cattle  were  sold.  The  company 
had  run  quite  a  number  of  sheep  previous  to  that 
time,  and  now  it  is  largely  a  sheep  proposition.  In 
five  years'  time,  at  the  present  rate,  the  dry-farmers 
will  take  all  the  public  lands  in  Goshen's  Hole,  on 
the  Chug,  Sybille  and  other  streams.  What  thirty 
years  ago  was  purely  a  grazing  area  in  a  region 
considered  arid  is  now  being  taken  up  for  farming 
purposes.  Up  to  date  the  dry-farmer  has  not  yet 
located  on  the  higher  altitudes  of  the  Laramie 
Plains. 

Al  Bowie's  Testimony. — Mr.  Bowie,  so  long 
identified  with  the  Swan  company,  has  spent  the 
best  part  of  his  life  upon  the  Wyoming  range,  and 
is  a  willing  witness  in  behalf  of  the  value  of  the 
Herefords  under  conditions  there  prevailing.  He 
says: 

"When  in  1884  we  purchased  a  large  lot  of 
Shorthorns  as  well  as  several  hundred  Herefords 
we  were  feeding  the  Shorthorns  all  the  hay  they 
wanted.  In  fact,  we  had  to  in  order  to  keep  them 
alive,  while  the  Herefords  ran  to  pasture  and  kept 


748  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

in  much  better  condition  than  the  Shorthorns  did 
on  hay.  Since  that  time  I  have  been  much  more  in 
favor  of  the  Herefords  than  Shorthorns.  They  are 
more  quiet,  have  better  coats  of  hair,  stand  the  win- 
ter better  and  running  on  a  poor  range  show  a  much 
less  loss  under  same  conditions.  Furthermore,  they 
cross  well  if  you  have  good  Shorthorn  cows,  as  we 
had  in  1880 — cows  that  came  in  from  Oregon  and 
Washington.  In  fact,  I  have  never  since  seen  as 
good  ones. 

"In-breeding  and  poor  feed  have  caused  some 
loss  of  size  and  weight  among  the  Herefords,  at 
least  that  has  been  my  experience.  They  are  not 
naturally  as  big  cattle  as  the  Shorthorns,  but  they 
are  more  blocky  and  there  will  be  fewer  culls  in  a 
big  herd.  They  naturally  have  shorter  legs  than 
the  Shorthorns,  and  do  much  better  on  short,  poor 
feed. 

"The  cattlemen  and  commission  men  of  Chicago 
will  condemn  our  Herefords  in  seasons  when  we 
have  hard  winters  and  poor  feed  in  summers  and 
cattle  do  not  get  fat.  Then  when  we  have  the  re- 
verse in  seasons  and  cattle  get  fat  they  think  the 
Herefords  all  right.  Where  the  Hereford  shines  is 
in  a  feedlot.  As  T.  B.  Hord  used  to  say,  'Fat  is  a 
good  color.'  He  also  said,  'Give  the  Hereford  one 
cross  of  blood  and  three  crosses  of  corn  and  you 
have  beef  good  enough  for  any  one.' 

Robert  Kleberg. — It  is  given  to  few  men  to  be 
afforded  the  opportunity  for  such  big  constructive 
work  as  fell  to  Mr.  Eobert  J.  Kleberg,  Capt. 
King's  son-in-law,  at  the  decease  of  the  proprietor 
of  the  great  Santa  Gertrudis  property  in  southeast 
Texas,  to  which  reference  has  already  been  made. 
Few  of  those  who  fall  heir  to  such  opportunities 
rise  to  their  full  achievement.  The  development  of 


ROBERT  J.   KLEBBRQ. 


750  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

the  lands  and  cattle  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Kleberg, 
however,  constitutes  one  of  the  most  important 
chapters  in  the  latter-day  history  of  the  state  of 
Texas.  However,  our  story  of  the  Hereford  cattle 
is  in  itself  too  long  for  us  to  enter  into  great  detail 
as  to  the  modern  history  of  the  King  ranch.  We 
must  therefore  sketch  rapidly. 

The  two  half -million-acre  ranches  mentioned  in  a 
previous  chapter  were  subdivided  into  numerous 
"  small "  pastures,  ranging  in  size  from  1,000  acres 
to  50,000  acres  each.  This  was  done  for  the  pur- 
pose of  carrying  out  certain  clearly  defined  pur- 
poses in  the  introduction  of  purebreds.  The  under- 
ground rivers  were  tapped,  artesian  wells  gushed 
forth  their  pure  waters  wherever  wanted,  the  rail- 
way finally  pierced  the  great  principality,  and 
towns  and  irrigated  farms  came  into  existence 
where  once  half-wild  cattle  and  horses  roamed  the 
unfenced  plains. 

Mr.  Kleberg  was  for  a  number  of  years  a  liberal 
buyer  of  registered  Shorthorn  cattle,  purchased 
from  the  best  herds  of  the  middle  west,  particu- 
larly those  of  Kentucky  and  Missouri.  These  of 
course  had  to  undergo  the  trying  process  of  becom- 
ing acclimated,  and  losses  were  frequently  so  heavy 
as  to  be  altogether  discouraging.  Mr.  Kleberg  was 
one  of  the  first  to  undertake  the  risks  attending  the 
introduction  of  high-priced  purebred  bulls  below 
the  fever  line,  but  his  persistence  and  enterprise 
were  finally  rewarded.  In  due  course  of  time  dis- 
covery was  made  that  the  cattle  tick  was  the  cause 


MRS.     KING'S     NEW     FIREPROOF     RESIDENCE.     UNDER     CONSTRUCTION 
AT  SANTA  GERTRUDIS. 


A    ROUND-UP    OF    OLD    COWS    OVER    TEN    YEARS    OLD. 
Cattle  being  sold  and  delivered  on  lower  ranch  of  Mrs.  King,  Cameron  Co.,  Texas. 


752  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

of  the  so-called  Texas  fever.  Indeed,  it  is  asserted 
that  the  preliminary  proofs  in  this  most  important 
discovery  were  first  furnished  at  the  Santa  Ger- 
trudis  Eanch.  The  Department  of  Agriculture, 
then  under  the  efficient  direction  of  the  late  Secre- 
tary Eusk,  took  the  matter  actively  in  hand,  and  by 
a  series  of  investigations  established  the  truth  of 
what  had  previously  been  a  mere  theory  in  regard 
to  the  mysterious  origin  of  this  southern  plague. 
At  length  the  process  of  immunizing  the  northern 
cattle  against  the  disease  was  scientifically  worked 
out,  after  which  the  cattle  intended  for  breeding 
purposes  could  be  shipped  from  above  the  fever 
line  with  comparative  safety. 

It  was  not  until  after  the  cattle  on  the  King  ranch 
had  been  well  graded  up  with  Shorthorn  blood  that 
the  Hereford  was  introduced.  Bulls,  as  well  as 
heifers,  sired  by  the  most  noted  prize-winning  bulls 
of  the  north  were  bought  in  large  numbers,  so  that 
at  the  present  time  probably  90  per  cent  of  all  the 
cattle  on  the  upper  ranch  are  grade  Hereford- 
Shorthorns,  the  others  being  either  purebred  Short- 
horns or  purebred  Herefords.  Of  the  latter  there 
are  now  about  2,000  head,  and  of  the  former  about 
4,000,  kept  on  the  upper  ranch  for  the  purpose  of 
breeding  bulls  for  the  main  herd.  The  best  are  re- 
tained for  this  purpose  and  the  remainder  are  sold 
to  be  used  on  ranches  in  southern  Texas  and  Old 
Mexico. 

Some  years  ago  the  Laureles  ranch  was  acquired 
by  the  King  estate  from  the  Texas  Land  &  Cattle 


THE  RED  ROBE  OF  COURAGE  753 

Co.  This  was  a  property  of  something  over  300,- 
000  acres  which  joined  the  Santa  Gertrudis  on  the 
east  of  the  upper  ranch.  Other  lands  were  added 
until  over  1,000,000  acres  were  included  in  the  two 
ranches.  Since  the  construction  of  the  railway 
through  the  property,  several  hundred  thousand 
acres  have  been  subdivided  and  sold  to  farmers, 
and  four  towns  with  a  population  of  from  1,000  to 
5,000  inhabitants  each  are  now  located  on  what  was 
formerly  the  ranch  proper. 

Mr.  Kleberg  joins  with  most  of  the  other  expe- 
rienced range  men  in  giving  the  palm  to  the  Here- 
fords  in  the  matter  of  maintaining  their  condition 
under  ordinary  range  conditions.  Nevertheless,  he 
is  a  great  admirer  of  the  Shorthorns,  and  as  above 
stated  still  maintains  them  in  large  numbers.  That 
they  require  rather  better  care  than  the  Herefords, 
however,  in  order  to  secure  the  best  results  is  freely 
admitted.  It  was  from  the  King  ranch  that  Mr. 
Murdo  Mackenzie  selected  in  1912,  150  heifers  and 
650  bulls,  mostly  Herefords,  for  export  to  Brazil. 

Capt.  John  Tod. — This  veteran  Scottish  herd 
manager  had  his  first  experience  with  Herefords  be- 
tween 1883  and  1886  in  Wabaunsee  and  Chase  coun- 
ties in  Kansas.  From  1887  to  1907  he  had  charge  of 
the  Laureles  Ranch  of  325,000  acres — the  property 
of  the  Texas  Land  &  Cattle  Co.  on  the  Gulf  Coast  in 
Nueces  Co.,  Tex.,  since  sold  to  the  King  estate. 
From  1887  to  1891  Capt.  Tod  also  managed  a  ranch 
in  the  Panhandle. 

During  a  period  of  some  twenty  years  he  handled 


754  A   HISTORY   OP   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

annually  on  an  average  probably  10,000  head  of 
grade  and  purebred  Herefords  and  20,000  Short- 
horns, the  bulk  of  the  cows  being  from  a  Texas 
foundation.  He  says  that  in  his  experience  the 
Hereford  bull  is  "far  and  away  the  best  for  range 
purposes. "  As  a  rustler  he  insists  that  the  Here- 
ford is  "infinitely  better  than  the  Shorthorn,  having 
more  vitality ",  and  he  testifies  that  "when  Here- 
ford bulls  and  Shorthorn  bulls  are  turned  out  in  the 
spring  in  very  large  pastures  with  Shorthorn  cows, 
the  bulk  of  the  early  calves  are  i  white  faces/  " 

Capt.  Tod  states  that  though  it  is  generally  agreed 
that  Hereford  bulls  have  made  their  greatest  suc- 
cess when  the  cow  herds  had  previously  been  more 
or  less  improved  by  the  use  of  Shorthorn  blood,  it 
should  be  explained  that  in  the  early  days  of  grading 
up  from  common  cows,  while  there  were  plenty  of 
good  Shorthorn  bulls  used,  many  of  the  Hereford 
bulls  resorted  to  were  little  better  than  "  scrubs ", 
and  were  largely  grades. 

In  regard  to  the  assertion  that  the  continued  use 
of  one  Hereford  cross  after  another  upon  a  herd  al- 
ready well  graded  up  with  white-r£iced  blood  tends 
to  an  ultimate  loss  of  size  and  weight,  Capt.  Tod 
says: 

"My  observation  is  that  ranchmen  have  not  been 
persistent  enough,  have  got  tired  out  too  soon  with 
the  long  effort  necessary,  have  shut  up  the  purse 
strings  too  tightly,  and  have  not  kept  on  purchasing 
better  and  better  bulls.  My  experience  is  that  if 
this  is  done  the  seven-eighths  or  fifteen-sixteenths 
grade  Hereford  cows  do  not  show  a  loss  of  weight 


THE  RED  ROBE  OF   COURAGE  755 

and  size.  The  Herefords  are  generally  preferred 
throughout  the  range  country  on  account  of  their 
good  constitutions,  grazing  qualities,  prepotency  and 
masculinity.  The  cows  are  good  nurses,  rear  their 
calves  as  well  or  better  than  any  other  breed,  and 
while  doing  so  keep  in  better  condition.  Graziers 
and  feeders  have  a  preference  for  the  steer  from  a 
Shorthorn  cow,  by  a  Hereford  bull,  and  the  nearer 
to  a  perfect  'white  face'  the  better  they  like  him." 

The  Capitol  Syndicate  XIT  Ranch.— This  great 
ranch  was  situated  in  the  northwest  corner  of  the 
Panhandle  of  Texas,  lying  in  the  counties  of  Dai- 
lam,  Hartley,  Oldham,  Deaf  Smith,  Palmer,  Castro, 
Bailey,  Lamb,  Hockley  and  Cochran,  and  consisted 
of  3,000,000  acres.  The  state  of  Texas  retained  all 
of  the  land  lying  within  its  boundaries  when  it  was 
admitted  into  the  Union.  To  provide  an  adequate 
capitol  building  at  Austin  the  legislature  passed  an 
act  in  1879  appropriating  3,000,000  acres  of  land  for 
disposition  in  that  connection,  the  same  to  be  se- 
lected from  the  unappropriated  state  lands  by  a 
commissioner  appointed  to  locate  none  but  agricul- 
tural or  grazing  lands.  There  were  at  that  time 
5,000,000  acres  from  which  to  make  the  selection. 
This  was  made  in  1879  and  1880  and  the  land  was 
surveyed  into  leagues,  a  league  comprising  4,428 
acres.  These  3,000,000  acres  lay  in  a  tract  averag- 
ing about  25  miles  wide  east  and  west  by  about  200 
miles  north  and  south,  the  west  border  being  the  line 
between  Texas  and  New  Mexico.  The  property  was 
offered  to  a  responsible  party  who  would  enter  into 
a  contract  to  erect  a  state  capitol  according  to  plans 
and  specifications  furnished  by  the  state.  This  con- 


756  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

tract  was  ultimately  assigned  to  a  syndicate  consist- 
ing of  U.  S.  Senator  C.  B.  Farwell,  John  V.  Farwell, 
the  well  known  wholesale  dry  goods  man  of  Chicago, 
Col.  Abner  Taylor,  who  at  one  time  represented  in 
Congress  the  first  district  of  Chicago,  and  Col.  A.  C. 
Babcock  of  Canton,  111.,  all  now  deceased. 

Description  of  the  Property. — Generally  speaking 
this  tract  of  land  is  a  level  plain  or  plateau  varying 
from  2,300  to  4,700  feet  in  altitude  covered  by  a  lux- 
uriant growth  of  buffalo, .  mesquite,  grama,  blue- 
stem,  bunch,  sage  and  other  grasses.  The  soil  va- 
ries from  chocolate  loam  to  red  sandy  loam,  with 
subsoil  of  practically  the  same  character  under 
which  lies  a  stratum  of  clay.  The  Canadian  Eiver 
traverses  the  tract  in  an  easterly  direction  through 
Oldham  county  and  tributary  to  it  the  land  is  rolling 
or  gently  undulating.  There  were  a  few  springs  on 
this  tract  of  land  and  these  and  the  waters  of  the 
Canadian  were  all  that  the  buffalo  and  wild  animals 
of  the  early  days  could  depend  upon.  Many  lake 
basins  are  to  be  found  on  the  plains  which  contain 
water  for  some  time  after  heavy  rainfalls.  These 
were  entirely  inadequate  to  supply  water  for  the 
large  herds  that  were  put  on  this  tract  by  the  Cap- 
itol Syndicate,  and  it  became  necessary  to  bore 
wells,  erect  windmills  over  them  and  provide  drink- 
ing troughs  and  reservoirs.  The  syndicate  bored 
about  300  such  wells  which  varied  in  depth  from  10 
to  400  feet  and  averaged  about  125  feet.  Dams  were 
thrown  across  ravines  or  draws  to  conserve  the 
rainfall.  The  watering  facilities  were  developed  in 


THE  RED  ROBE  OF  COURAGE  757 

this  way  sufficiently  to  take  care  of  150,000  head  of 
cattle.  The  water  in  the  bored  wells  was  "free- 
stone ' '  of  good  quality. 

Character  of  the  XIT  Cattle. — The  ranch  was  first 
stocked  with  cattle  during  the  years  of  1885,  1886 
and  1887.  These  were  cattle  of  very  indifferent 
quality — some  from  near  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and 
some  from  the  country  lying  tributary  to  and  south 
of  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railway.  The  herd  at  its 
maximum  size  numbered  about  150,000  head.  There 
were  seven  divisions  of  the  ranch  and  each  of  the 
seven  divisions  had  its  territory  cut  into  a  number 
of  pastures  by  barbed  wire  fences.  After  the  ranch 
had  been  separated  into  divisions,  which  in  turn 
were  divided  into  several  pastures,  the  work  of  im- 
proving the  herd  was  undertaken — some  time  about 
1889.  The  sorting  of  the  cattle  with  a  view  to  fol- 
lowing out  different  lines  of  breeding  was  a  matter 
of  several  years.  With  such  large  numbers  and  such 
great  distances  this  sorting  necessarily  took  consid- 
erable time.  But  by  degrees  the  cattle  which  in  the 
judgment  of  the  management  seemed  most  suitable 
for  mating  with  Hereford  bulls  were  put  in  certain 
pastures,  others  which  it  was  thought  promised  good 
results  from  Aberdeen-Angus  crossing  were  placed 
in  certain  other  pastures,  and  those  that  seemed 
most  in  need  of  the  Shorthorn  blood  were  quartered 
in  still  other  pastures,  so  that  an  effort  could  be 
made  to  experiment  and  improve  along  the  lines  of 
these  three  distinct  breeds. 

The  scarcity  and  high  price  of  purebred  bulls  in 


758  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

the  late  '80  's  and  early  '90 's  made  their  use  in  any 
large  numbers  impossible  for  this  ranch.  Many  low- 
grade  bulls  had  been  put  on  the  ranch  in  the  late 
'80 's,  but  each  year  a  better  class  of  sires  was  pro- 
cured and  after  1892  only  purebred  bulls  were  pur- 
chased. With  cattle  of  such  an  ordinary  foundation 
and  with  grade  bulls  improvement  was  necessarily 
slow.  However,  after  the  introduction  of  purebred 
bulls,  as  was  the  case  on  the  Matador  and  other 
great  Panhandle  ranges,  improvement  was  rapid,  so 
that  when  the  cattle  began  to  be  dispersed  on  account 
of  sales  of  land  in  1901  the  herd  for  one  of  such 
large  size  was  of  exceptional  quality.  At  the  sale 
of  the  last  cattle  in  1912  it  was,  for  all  practical  beef 
purposes,  a  purebred  herd. 

Purebred  Bulls  Purchased.— The  Hereford  bulls 
to  work  this  improvement  were  purchased  largely 
from  William  Powell,  Channing,  Tex.,  the  Farwell 
Bros.,  Montezuma,  la.,  and  the  T.  L.  Miller  Co., 
Beecher,  111.  The  Aberdeen- Angus  bulls  came  from 
Farwell  Bros.,  Montezuma,  la.,  Anderson  &  Find- 
lay,  Lake  Forest,  111.,  George  Farwell,  Mt.  Morris, 
111.,  and  Arnold  Bros.,  Hansford  Co.,  Tex.  The 
herds  of  John  D.  Gillett,  Elkhart,  111.,  and  C.  S.  Bar- 
clay, West  Liberty,  la.,  furnished  the  Shorthorns. 
Besides  these  a  goodly  number  of  bulls  were  pur- 
chased each  year  from  individuals  who  would  under- 
take a  contract  of  getting  together  a  number  of  good 
ones  from  the  leading  herds  of  the  various  beef 
breeds  of  the  country.  In  1892  the  company  pur- 
chased from  the  T.  L.  Miller  Co.  forty-four  bulls  and 


THE  RED  ROBE  OP   COURAGE  759 

111  Hereford  cows.  Some  years  later  it  purchased 
from  Mr.  Cook,  Odeboldt,  la.,  a  number  of  regis- 
tered Hereford  females,  and  in  1892  from  Arnold 
Bros,  fifty-five  registered  Aberdeen- Angus  females 
and  a  large  number  of  bulls,  besides  a  number  of 
Herefords  and  Aberdeen-Angus  from  the  Farwell 
Bros. 

With  these  purebred  females  of  the  Aberdeen- 
Angus  and  of  the  Hereford  breeds  small  herds  were 
established  into  which  were  introduced  bulls  from 
the  best  herds  of  the  country  for  the  purpose  of 
raising  sires  for  use  on  the  company's  ranch.  In 
the  later  years  almost  enough  bulls  for  its  own  use 
were  supplied  from  this  source. 

Herefords  Predominate. — While  Mr.  George  Find- 
lay  of  this  company  was  closely  identified  with 
Aberdeen- Angus  interests,  the  management  made  no 
claim  as  to  superior  adaptability  for  any  of  the  three 
beef  breeds.  Mr.  A.  Gr.  Boyce,  the  manager  under 
whom  most  of  the  early  improvements  were  effected, 
undertook  the  work  at  a  time  when  he  was  strongly 
of  the  belief  that  the  Shorthorns  were  the  best  cat- 
tle. After  a  number  of  years '  experience  with  these 
breeds  it  is  stated  that  he  ended  his  career  on  the 
ranch  in  the  belief  that  the  Angus  were  in  the  first 
place  and  the  Herefords  second,  but  the  manager 
who  followed  him,  Mr.  H.  S.  Boice,  a  ranchman  of 
large  experience  and  owner  of  large  herds,  was 
strongly  in  favor  of  the  Herefords.  Of  course  there 
were  many  things  to  consider  in  seeking  an  answer 
to  a  question  of  this  kind  on  a  ranch  of  this  charac- 


760  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ter.*  Two  herds  might  be  separated  200  miles  apart 
on  such  an  enormous  range,  and  one  year  climatic 
conditions  might  be  more  favorable  for  one  herd 
than  the  other,  and  vice  versa  the  next  year.  But  it 
was  the  belief  of  those  who  had  most  to  do  with  the 
property  that  either  of  these  breeds  properly  looked 
after  would  do  well  in  the  Panhandle. 

Views  of  H.  S.  Boice. — In  this  connection  the  fol- 
lowing narration  by  H.  S.  Boice,  formerly  with  the 
XIT  syndicate,  is  of  interest.  In  a  letter  to  the 
author  under  date  of  June  19,  1914,  written  from 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  he  says: 

11  About  thirty-five  years  ago  while  I  was  working 
as  a  hand  on  the  range  in  southern  Colorado,  we  had 
a  drouth  followed  by  a  very  severe  winter.  In  those 
days  range  cattle,  including  bulls,  were  left  to  the 
mercy  of  the  elements.  The  losses  during  that  win- 
ter were  simply  tremendous.  The  next  spring  our 
round-ups  showed  very  plainly  the  survival  of  the 
fittest  in  the  depleted  herds  and  the  Herefords,  com- 
pared with  the  other  breeds,  were  conspicuously 
numerous,  and  of  the  bulls  that  survived  the  many 

*Sales  of  large  tracts  of  land  were  made  by  the  syndicate 
in  1901  and  1902  to  ranchmen  who  were  beginning  to  realize  that 
the  public  domain  was  fast  being  settled  up  and  that  the  day 
when  it  would  be  necessary  to  own  the  land  in  order  to  control 
the  grass  was  very  near  at  hand.  Several  hundred  thousand  acres 
of  the  tract  were  sold  to  George  W.  Littlefleld,  the  well  known 
banker  and  ranchman  of  Texas,  owner  of  the  LFD  brand.  Another 
large  tract  went  to  W.  E.  Halsell,  large  cattle  owner  of  Indian 
Territory,  another  to  the  Matador  Land  &  Cattle  Co.,  another  to 
T.  S.  Hutton  and  E.  L.  Halsell  of  Kansas  City,  another  to  Rhea 
Bros,  of  New  Mexico,  another  to  F.  D.  Wight  of  Trindad,  Colo., 
and  another  to  W.  ,T.  Tod,  Maplehill,  Kans.  A  few  years  later, 
beginning  about  1906,  a  large  influx  of  northern  farmers  took 
place,  and  a  great  deal  of  the  land  was  sold  in  tracts  ranging 
from  40  acres  to  a  section  or  several  sections.  Some  idea  of  the 
extent  of  this  business  may  be  gathered  from  the  fact  that  the 
company  has  executed  and  delivered  over  2,500  deeds  to  land 
from  the  Capitol  Reservation  grant,  and  the  lands  sold  aggregate 
about  2,000,000  acres. 


Ike  T.  Pry  or 


762  A   HISTORY   OF    HEREFORD    CATTLE 

months  of  grief,  the  Herefords  were  about  the  only 
ones  left.  This  experience  of  course  made  a  lasting 
impression  on  me  in  favor  of  the  Herefords  and  my 
varied  experience  since  has  confirmed  it. 

' 'During  the  year  1897  the  H.  S.  Boice  Cattle  Co. 
was  organized  and  purchased  the  Beaty  Bros,  ranch 
and  cattle  in  southeastern  Colorado  and  southwest- 
ern Kansas.  We  continued  -the  ranch  about  ten 
years,  when  the  settlers  came  in  on  us  and  obliged 
us  to  close  out  our  cattle.  These  cattle  were  fairly 
well  improved.  We  eliminated  all  bulls  from  the 
herd  except  the  Herefords  and  soon  raised  all  the 
sires  required  from  a  fine  little  herd  of  select  cows 
in  which  we  kept  the  best  bulls  that  money  would 
buy.  We  were  very  particular  in  selecting  the 
heavy-boned,  big-framed  bulls  for  both  the  small 
herd  and  the  large  one.  When  it  was  known  that  we 
intended  to  use  Hereford  bulls  continuously,  without 
crossing  with  the  Shorthorn  occasionally,  it  was 
often  remarked  that  our  cattle  would  grow  smaller 
until  we  would  be  obliged  to  cross  with  the  Short- 
horn. But  our  experience  did  not  justify  the  pre- 
dictions. Our  herd  grew  in  numbers  until  we  were 
branding  over  5,000  calves.  It  became  very  uniform 
and  attractive  in  quality  and  steadily  grew  heavier 
in  bone,  frame  and  weight  and  our  feeders  sold  on 
the  range  at  the  top  of  the  market  year  after  year. 
The  fat  cows  likewise  generally  topped  the  market 
at  Kansas  City  in  weight  and  price. 

"I  was  connected  with  the  Capital  Freehold  Land 
&  Investment  Co.  (XIT  outfit)  as  general  manager 
of  their  cattle  interests  in  the  Panhandle  of  Texas 
for  seven  years,  closing  out  the  same  in  the  fall  of 
1912.  When  I  took  charge  they  were  branding  about 
20,000  calves,  much  the  larger  number  of  which  were 
from  their  Hereford  herd.  These  cattle  were  of 
good  quality  and  had  been  graded  up  from  the  un- 


THE  RED  ROBE  OF  COURAGE  763 

improved  straight  Texas  cows  that  were  placed  on 
the  ranch  about  1885.  Nothing  but  purebred  Here- 
ford bulls  were  being  used  and  they  were  raised  from 
a  purebred  herd  that  numbered  at  one  time  about 
3,500  head.  We  kept  the  standard  of  this  purebred 
herd  high  by  cutting  out  every  year  and  turning  into 
the  large  herd  everything  that  showed  a  lack  of 
quality. 

"I  wish  to  emphasize  the  fact  that  the  purebred 
Hereford  is  a  hardier,  thriftier  range  animal  than 
the  grade  Hereford.  As  a  demonstration  of  the  fact 
I  will  say  in  this  instance  that  our  purebred  herd 
was  handled  just  the  same  and  had  no  better  treat- 
ment than  our  large  graded  herd  and  yet  was  always 
in  better  condition.  Both  herds  had  to  depend  upon 
the  grass  and  natural  shelter  of  the  pastures  in 
which  they  were  located,  with  simply  a  wire  fence 
between  them.  Neither  herd  was  given  any  addi- 
tional feed  in  the  winter.  Those  cattle  that  became 
poor  and  weak  were  gathered  into  a  smaller  pasture 
and  fed  cake  on  the  grass. 

"During  the  last  six  years  I  have  given  most  of 
my  time  to  the  breeding  ranch  of  Boice,  Gates  & 
Johnson,  formerly  known  as  the  Chiricahua  Cattle 
Co.,  or  CCC  outfit,  in  southern  Arizona.  It  is  one 
of  the  oldest  herds  in  the  state  and  has  been  one  of 
the  best  improved  for  many  years,  though  we  have 
materially  improved  it  and  it  is  still  in  the  process 
of  improvement.  At  the  beginning  of  my  adminis- 
tration we  bought  a  select  purebred  herd  to  raise 
bulls  from  and  shipped  them  to  our  upper  ranch 
where  they  are  located  at  an  elevation  of  about  6>500 
feet.  They  have  never  had  any  feed  except  the  nat- 
ural grass  and  browsing  and  have  always  been  in 
better  condition  than  our  main  graded  herd  adjoin- 
ing. When  we  brought  this  little  herd  there,  the  old 
foreman,  who  had  been  in  the  business  all  his  life, 


764  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

shook  his  head,  knowing  the  disaster  that  would  fol- 
low in  turning  out  purebred  cattle  to  rustle  for  them- 
selves. But  since  then  he  has  often  stated  that  it  was 
too  bad  that  all  our  cattle  were  not  purebred  Here- 
fords. 

"We  are  now  able  to  turn  into  our  main  herd  150 
choice  bulls  a  year  from  our  purebred  herd.  The 
three  herds  to  which  I  have  referred,  in  Colorado, 
Texas  and  Arizona,  reached  the  highest  standard  in 
quality  for  range  cattle  in  the  several  localities  by 
the  same  method — careful  elimination  and  selection. 
In  following  this  method  the  very  best  bulls,  regard- 
less of  price,  should  be  obtained  for  the  purebred 
herds.  Everything  undesirable  in  quality  should  be 
culled  out  every  year  and  the  young  bulls  turned 
into  the  main  herd  should  be  most  liberally  culled, 
leaving  only  the  big-boned,  big-framed,  loose-hided, 
rangy  fellows  even  though  some  of  them  may  seem  a 
little  coarse.  The  main  or  large  herd  should  also  be 
constantly  culled.  By  the  way,  I  think  most  of  the 
breeders  of  our  finest  herds  of  purebred  cattle  are 
not  as  particular  as  they  should  be  in  culling  out 
from  their  herds  the  poorer  quality  and  undesirable 
animals.7' 


CHAPTER  XIX. 
PROOF  PILED  ON  PROOF. 

As  has  been  already  stated  the  first  crosses  of  the 
Shorthorn  on  the  Longhorn  and  other  native  types 
had  made  a  marked  improvement  but,  unfortunately 
for  the  best  interests  of  a  breed  which  was  not  solid- 
colored,  the  western  demand  for  Shorthorns  in  the 
old  days  persistently  prescribed  "red-and-all-red" 
as  the  only  color  wanted.  The  reason  was  plain. 
Light  or  broken-colored  bulls  left  a  motley  progeny 
when  mated  with  the  black,  dun  or  brindle  cows  so 
common  in  the  old  Texan  stock.  Roan  is  the  one 
distinctive  Shorthorn  color,  the  one  color  never 
counterfeited  by  any  other  breed.  White  and  red- 
and-white  Shorthorns  have  also  always  been  com- 
mon. 

This  range  demand  for  red  Shorthorns  during  the 
boom  days  of  the  business  led  inevitably  to  the  sac- 
rifice by  the  Shorthorn  breeders  of  Kentucky  and 
the  central  west  of  thousands  of  their  best  bulls,  and 
to  the  retention  in  many  cases  of  inferior  animals  of 
the  right  color  for  getting  stock  available  for  range 
purposes — to  the  palpable  injury  of  the  breed.  We 
have  only  to  observe  a  ring  of  Shorthorns  at  any  of 
our  leading  shows  of  today,  where  perhaps  two- 
thirds 'of  all  the  best  animals  will  be  roan  or  white, 
to  realize  what  was  really  lost  to  the  breed  through 

765 


766  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

the  failure  twenty-five  years  ago  to  utilize  the  best 
material  at  hand  regardless  of  color.  It  was  a  condi- 
tion, however,  and  not  a  theory  that  confronted  the 
breeders  of  that  time,  and  they  pursued  the  only 
course  then  open  to  them.  They  were  forced  to  cater 
to  the  range,  and  therefore  it  may  well  be  said  at  this 
time  that  the  rise  of  Hereford  power  in  the  far  west 
was  really  the  beginning  of  a  great  renaissance  in 
the  popularity  as  well  as  in  the  merit  of  the  Short- 
horn in  the  older  states,  the  abatement  of  the  range 
demand  for  red  bulls  proving  a  real  blessing  in  dis- 
guise to  the  old-time  favorites.  But,  to  our  story. 

The  Carey  Co.— The  J.  M.  Carey  &  Bro.  Co.,  the 
owner  of  the  CY  brand,  at  one  time  ran  as  many  as 
40,000  cattle.  In  recent  years  on  account  of  their 
range  becoming  restricted  these  men  have  reduced 
the  number  of  their  cattle  to  about  6,000  head.  They 
produce  enough  feed  during  the  growing  season  to 
feed  their  cattle  through  the  winters.  Their  ranches 
are  well  improved  and  they  have  about  4,000  acres 
of  irrigated  lands.  About  twenty  years  ago  they 
purchased  from  George  Morgan,  of  the  Wyoming- 
Hereford  Cattle  Co.,  three  head  of  Hereford  bulls, 
paying  $1,000  for  the  trio.  These  were  calves  and 
the  buyers  did  not  have  much  luck  with  them.  At  this 
time  their  herd  was  mostly  Shorthorns,  bred  up  from 
Texas  stock.  In  spite  of  the  fact  that  they  did  not 
have  much  success  with  the  first  Hereford  bulls  pur- 
chased they  have  continued  to  use  them  until  their 
entire  herd  has  become  as  thoroughly  marked  as  if 
registered. 


768  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

They  corroborate  the  general  testimony  to  the 
effect  that  "white  faces"  stand  the  winter  better 
than  other  cattle  and  are  better  rustlers.  They  report 
that  the  weights  of  their  cattle  have  increased  since 
the  early  days  due  to  the  fact  that  the  Texas  blood 
has  been  entirely  eliminated.  Bulls  are  put  in  serv- 
ice at  the  age  of  eighteen  to  thirty  months,  four  or 
five  to  the  hundred  cows.  In  addition  to  their  range 
herd  they  have  about  600  head  of  registered  cows. 
From  these  they  produce  their  own  bulls  and  sell  a 
large  number  yearly.  These  cattle  are  fed  the  greater 
part  of  the  year,  the  calves  and  yearlings  receiving 
grain  as  well  as  hay.  For  several  years  they  have 
been  following  the  system  known  as  "hand  breed- 
ing, ' '  but  have  recently  gone  back  to  breeding  in  pas- 
tures on  account  of  the  small  percentage  of  calves 
that  they  have  been  getting  by  the  former  method. 

While  adhering  to  the  Heref ords  for  range  use  the 
Careys  say : 

"We  have  studied  the  matter  for  a  good  many 
years  on  small  farms,  and  believe  Shorthorn  cattle 
are  the  best  on  such  places.  They  mature  more 
quickly.  However,  the  Herefords  are  hardier  and 
better  where  it  is  not  possible  to  give  cattle  every 
care." 

The  LS  Cattle.— The  late  Lucien  Scott  of  Leav- 
enworth,  Kans.,  was  an  enthusiastic  advocate  of 
the  Hereford  for  range  purposes.  In  connection 
with  Mr.  W.  M.  D.  Lee  he  maintained  for  many 
years  near  Tascosa,  Tex.,  in  the  Panhandle  country, 
an  extensive  ranch  upon  which  the  famous  LS 
brand  was  developed.  As  high  as  35,000  head  of 
cattle  were  at  one  time  maintained. 


PROOF  PILED  ON  PROOF  769 

This  land,  consisting  of  180,000  acres,  was  located 
in  the  Panhandle  country  and  in  Oldham  and  Potter 
counties.  In  1888  Mr.  Scott  and  Mr.  Lee  dissolved 
partnership,  Mr.  Scott  purchasing  Mr.  Lee 's  interest 
and  continuing  the  ranch  under  the  same  name.  At 
Leavenworth,Kans.,he  had  a  farm  called  Ridgewood 
which  he  maintained  for  the  breeding  of  fine  cattle  of 
pure  Hereford  strains.  The  young  bulls  from  that 
farm  were  sent  from  time  to  time  to  the  LS  Eanch 
and  in  that  way,  and  by  culling  out  the  poorer  of  the 
bulls  on  the  ranch,  the  herd  was  gradually  improved. 

Mr.  Scott  died  in  1893  and  left  his  property  to  his 
widow  Julia  H.  Scott.  She  left  the  management  of 
the  ranch  in  the  hands  of  her  brother  Charles  N. 
Whitman,  a  practical  cattleman  who  was  much  im- 
bued with  the  idea  of  breeding  a  finer  grade  of  cattle. 
They  gradually  acquired  more  land  until  they  had 
204,000  acres,  all  in  fee  simple  and  all  fenced  in. 
The  Ridgewood  herd  had  in  the  meantime  been  en- 
larged and  improved  by  the  constant  purchase  of 
good  registered  animals.  An  increasing  number  of 
the  pedigree  bulls  were  sent  each  year  to  the  LS 
Ranch  either  from  the  farm  or  by  purchases,  until  in 
more  recent  years  nothing  but  purebred  bulls  were 
used.  In  1897  Mrs.  Scott  transferred  one-half  the 
poperty  to  Charles  N.  Whitman  and  in  1899  she  sold 
him  the  remaining  other  half.  Late  in  the  year  1899 
Mr.  Whitman  died  and  his  widow,  Mrs.  Whitman, 
continued  the  business  until  1907,  when  she  sold  the 
entire  property  to  Edward  F.  Swift  of  Chicago.  The 
LS  Ranch,  recently  divided  and  sold,  was  a  breeding 


770  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ranch  solely,  the  young  steers  being  sold  at  one  and 
two  years  old,  when  their  fine  quality  with  uniform 
color  and  white  faces  commanded  at  all  times  the 
top  prices.  They  were  frequently  exhibited  and  a 
great  many  prizes  were  won  at  the  Chicago,  Kan- 
sas City  and  Fort  Worth  shows. 

Mrs.  Whitman,*  now  Mrs.  F.  H.  Kreismann  of  St. 
Louis,  bears  this  testimony  as  to  the  good  results 
following  the  use  of  the  Hereford  bulls  in  the  Tas- 
cosa  herd: 

"As  is  well  known  the  Hereford  blood  has  always 
been  very  prepotent  and  the  greater  percentage  of 
calves  bred  from  purebred  bulls  and  off-colored 
cows  will  be  white-faced.  But  again,  as  the  quality 
of  the  cattle  on  the  ranch  became  finer  and  finer 
they  lost  some  of  the  hardihood  of  the  Texas  rang- 
ers, and  more  care  in  the  way  of  feed  and  shelter 
had  to  be  given  them.  But  this  extra  outlay  and 
expense  was  more  than  made  up  by  the  much  greater 
price  which  the  young  stock  commanded.  By  selling 
off  every  year  as  many  of  the  off-colored  and  in- 
ferior cows  as  possible  without  reducing  the  herd 
too  much,  and  keeping  for  breeding  purposes  only 
such  young  heifers  as  markedly  showed  the  Here- 
ford strain,  the  herd  in  a  few  years  was  so  much  im- 
proved and  so  decidedly  ' Hereford'  that  it  became 
one  of  the  show  herds  of  the  Texas  Panhandle. " 

*Mrs.  Whitman,  a  woman  of  high  intelligence,  had  a  deep 
personal  interest  in  cattle-breeding.  For  a  number  of  years  she 
was  frequently  seen  at  the  leading  cattle  sales  and  shows,  often 
finding  upon  these  occasions  a  congenial  spirit  in  Mrs.  Kate 
Wilder  Cross,  widow  of  C.  S.  Cross  of  Sunny  Slope  Farm,  Em- 
poria,  Kans. 

Speaking  of  the  quality  of  the  bulls  bought  for  service  on 
this  ranch,  John  Gosling  writes:  "During  the  time  of  Mrs.  Whit- 
man's ownership  I  furnished  her  ranch  with  as  many  as  eighty 
bulls  in  a  season,  which  included  in  three  consecutive  years  the 
entire  crop  by  the  famous  bull  Painter,  a  son  of  Beau  Brummel. 
Painter  was  owned  by  W.  W.  Gray,  Fayette,  Mo.,  and  later  by 
Mr.  Robert  H.  Hazlett  of  Eldorado,  in  whose  hands  he  finished 


PROOF  PILED  ON  PROOF  771 

The  Matador  Land  and  Cattle  Co. — This  corpo- 
ration, one  of  the  largest  in  the  west,  was  organized 
in  1882,  and  its  holdings  are  now  reputed  to  be 
worth  around  $6,000,000,  under  the  management  of 
John  McBain.  It  began  operations  by  purchasing 
between  300,0000  and  350,000  acres  of  land,  and 
from  time  to  time  added  to  this  until  now  it  has 
two  divisions,  one  of  about  500,000  acres  and  the 
other  comprising  over  250,000  acres,  both  in  the 
" breaks"  of  the  plains  and  mostly  rough  country. 
Both  ranches  are  well  improved.  Besides  this  the 
company  has  on  lease  about  450,000  acres  in  Dakota 
and  150,000  acres  in  Canada. 

The  original  herd  consisted  of  about  40,000  head 
of  cattle  but  from  year  to  year  it  was  increased 
until  in  1891,  when  Mr.  Murdo  Mackenzie  became 
manager,  it  had  about  65,000  head,  the  maximum 
herd  during  Mr.  Mackenzie's  administration  being 
about  70,000  head.  The  cattle  originally  purchased 
by  the  company  were  of  the  ordinary  type  prevail- 
ing at  that  time  in  southern  Texas,  and  were  driven 
from  that  section  to  the  Matador  range  by  A.  M. 
Britton  and  Henry  Campbell.  Later  on  the  com- 
pany purchased  from  8,000  to  10,000  cattle  from  Mr. 
Chisholm  in  the  Pecos  Valley.  These  cattle  were 
to  some  extent  graded  up  by  the  infusion  of  Short- 
horn, blood,  but  were  not  by  any  means  what  would 
be  considered  good  cattle  today.  Up  to  1891  there 

his  career  with  pronounced  successful  results.  Indeed  the  sons 
of  Painter  had  much  to  do  with  the  prowess  of  the  LS  calves 
when  exhibited  at  the  Kansas  City  Royal  ten  and  twelve  years 
ago,  and  attracted  the  attention  of  Landrigan  Bros.,  then  at 
Eureka,  Kans.,  who  leased  some  90,000  acres  of  the  LS  Ranch. 


772  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

had  been  some  attempt  at  improving  the  herd,  but 
this  had  been  tried  by  the  use  of  grade  bulls.  Some 
of  the  bulls  used  were  purchased  in  Kansas,  but  the 
majority  of  them  were  raised  from  the  herd  itself. 
By  this  method  there  must  of  necessity  have  been 
considerable  in-breeding,  and  in  any  event  there 
could  not  have  been  much  progress  made  in  the  way 
of  grading  up  from  such  a  foundation  by  continu- 
ing this  policy.  On  taking  charge  of  the  property 
Mr.  Mackenzie  came  to  the  conclusion  that  in  order 
to  obtain  the  best  results  some  radical  changes  had 
to  be  made,  first,  in  the  kind  of  bulls  used,  and  sec- 
ond, by  culling  out  all  inferior  cows  undesirable  for 
breeding  purposes. 

In  the  old  days  the  Matador  sold  practically  all 
its  steer  cattle  as  two-year-olds  to  buyers  from  Da- 
kota, Montana  and  Wyoming,  and  the  prices 
realized  were  not  sufficient  to  pay  the  cost  of  pro- 
duction. It  was  decided  that  something  must  be 
done  to  raise  the  grade  of  the  cattle  to  a  point 
where  they  would  be  in  demand  by  the  Kansas  and 
Missouri  feeders.  To  attain  such  a  standard  not 
only  would  the  inferior  cows  have  to  be  culled  out, 
but  a  different  type  of  bull  would  have  to  be  used. 
Yet  to  carry  out  this  plan  required  considerable 
money,  and  at  that  time  money  with  cattlemen  was 
not  as  plentiful  as  it  is  today.  Few  had  as  yet  at- 
tempted to  use  purebred  bulls  on  the  open  ranges 
of  the  Panhandle  or  in  large  pastures,  and  the  ac- 
cepted idea  was  that  if  a  herd  of  cows  was  brought 
up  beyond  a  certain  grade  their  reproductive  quali- 


Copyright  photo  by  Erwin    E. 
A     SECTION     OF    THE     MATADOR     HEADQUARTERS. 


JUDGE     H.     H. 


Copyright  photo  by  Erwin  E.  Smith 
WHO  ORIGINALLY  LOCATED  AND  ESTAB- 
THE  MATADOR  RANCH. 


774  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ties  on  the  range  would  be  impaired.  Referring  to 
this  situation,  Mr.  Mackenzie  says : 

"I  realized  that  several  important  changes  must 
be  made  to  put  the  company  on  a  paying  basis,  that 
instead  of  selling  off  our  fat  cows  we  should  dispose 
of  those  undesirable  for  breeding  purposes,  and 
that  we  must  supply  the  herd  with  purebred  bulls 
exclusively.  It  took  several  years  to  accomplish 
this  because  the  purchase  price  of  the  bulls,  as  well 
as  the  running  expenses  of  the  company,  had  to  be 
paid  from  the  revenue  derived  from  the  annual 
sales  of  cattle.  Furthermore,  I  suggested  that  in- 
stead of  selling  our  two-year-old  steers  to  northern- 
buyers  we  adopt  the  plan  of  sending  all  our  steer- 
cattle  to  northern  ranges  of  our  own  and  holding 
them  there  for  two  years  and  then  sending  them  to 
the  Chicago  market.  This  policy  has  been  carried 
out  by  the  company  since  that  time. ' ' 

Manager  Mackenzie  Discards  Grade  Bulls. — At 
the1  time  that  Mr.  Mackenzie  took  hold  of  the  Mata- 
dor company  there  were  a  few  Hereford  grade  bulls 
being  used  in  the  herd,  and  not  first-class  ones  at 
that,  the  balance  being  Shorthorn  grades  and  a  few 
Aberdeen- Angus.  The  Hereford  was  not  altogether 
yet  in  favor  at  that  date,  many  claiming  that  the 
produce  was  smaller  both  in  bone  and  size  than  the 
cross  by  the  Shorthorn.  This  was  undoubtedly  the 
truth  in  certain  instances,  but  was  explained,  in  part 
at  least,  by  the  fact  that  many  of  the  so-called  Here- 
fords  in  use  were  only  grades  and  in  other  cases 
were  very  inferior  specimens  of  purebreds.  Accord- 
ingly it  was  decided  to  change  the  policy — instead  of 
using  grades  to  breed  from  purebreds  only. 

The  first  pedigree  Hereford  bulls  bought  for  the 


PROOF  PILED  ON  PROOF  775 

purebred  herd  which  was  then  started  at  the  Mata- 
dor headquarters  were  obtained  from  Fowler  & 
Tod  of  Maple  Hill,  Kans.,  about  1892.  About  the 
same  time  other  purebred  Hereford  and  some 
Shorthorn  bulls  were  purchased  in  Colorado,  Kan- 
sas and  Missouri  for  the  main  Matador  herd,  which 
consisted  mainly  of  Texas  cows.  This  resort  to 
purebreds  proved  successful,  cattle  of  good  con- 
formation and  first-class  quality  being  obtained. 
Another  interesting  fact  which  developed  was  that 
the  accepted  idea  that  cattle  highly-bred  necessarily 
become  unproductive  was  erroneous;  no  difference 
whatever  was  observable  in  that  particular.  As  an 
illustration  of  this,  from  100  purebred  cows  in  a 
pasture  where  the  cattle  had  nothing  but  the  grass 
they  gathered  a  calf  crop  of  99  per  cent  was  one 
year  recorded,  and  this  statement  can  be  verified 
from  the  record  of  the  branding  in  the  company's 
office  at  Trinidad. 

A  Purebred  Herd  Established. — Mr.  Mackenzie 
states  that  early  in  his  experience  in  Texas  he  found 
that  to  supply  such  a  large  herd  of  cows  as  the  Mat- 
adors with  a  sufficient  number  of  purebred  bulls 
would  be  a  very  expensive  process,  so  he  adopted 
the  policy  of  buying  purebred  cows  and  holding 
them  on  the  range  for  the  purpose  of  breeding  at 
least  a  part  of  the  bulls  required.  In  this  he  was 
successful.  He  says: 

1  i  If  the  Hereford  cow  is  supplied  with  a  sufficient 
amount  of  grass  she  will  produce  a  calf  as  regularly 
as  the  cows  on  Missouri  and  Iowa  pastures,  and  at 
four  years  old  the  bull  is  just  as  large  and  of  as 


776  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

good  conformation  and  quality  as  any  you  will  find 
in  the  grain-growing  states.  All  that  is  required  is 
care  and  the  culling  out  of  the  cows  undesirable  for 
breeding,  but  not  only  is  this  care  required  on  the 
range,  but  it  is  required  on  the  farm  as  well,  if  one 
expects  to  get  the  best  results.  I  do  not  wish  the 
breeders  of  other  purebred  cattle  to  feel  that  I  have 
any  prejudice  against  the  other  breeds ;  all  breeds  to 
my  mind  are  good  in  their  own  place,  but  in  large 
pastures  where  cattle  have  to  hustle  for  themselves 
I  have  no  hesitation  in  stating  that  my  experience 
has  been  that  the  Hereford  has  it  over  them  all." 

The  Matador  management  has  had  a  marked 
predilection  for  the  Anxiety  blood  when  obtainable. 
From  $100  to  $250  was  paid  for  bulls  to  be  used  on 
the  range,  and  as  high  as  $1,000  for  bulls  for  the 
purebred  herd.  Ordinarily  about  150  purebred  bulls 
were  raised  each  year  for  use  in  the  herd.  These 
were  reared  in  the  usual  range  way,  although  usually 
placed  in  an  extra  good  pasture  and  fed  a  little  dur- 
ing the  winter  months.  The  bulls  are  turned  out 
when  two  years  old,  and  the  aim  is  to  run  four  bulls 
to  every  hundred  cows. 

"In  this  enlightened  age,"  says  Mr.  Mackenzie, 
"everybody  knows  that  Herefords  cannot  be 
equaled  as  range  animals,  and  we  have  found'  that 
the  nearer  purebred  they  are  the  better  they  do. 
Many  think  that  the  continuous  use  of  Hereford 
blood  makes  cattle  small  and  with  poor  hindquar- 
ters. We  find  this  not  to  be  the  case  where  really 
good  northern  bulls  are  used  on  sufficient  range. 
In  order  that  the  Herefords  do  well  during  the  year 
round  they  should  have  at  least  15  acres  to  every 


MURDO    MACKENZIE. 


778  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

head  with  a  plentiful  supply  of  water  at  distances 
not  greater  than  four  miles  between  watering 
places. " 

Tod  of  Maple  Hill. — Prominent  among  the  success- 
ful cattlemen  of  the  trans-Missouri  country  is  W.  J. 
Tod  of  Maple  Hill,  Kans.  Experienced  in  all  the 
varying  conditions  met  with  upon  the  range,  as  well 
as  in  the  f eedlots  of  the  middle  west,  a  familiar  figure 
at  all  our  leading  shows  and  markets,  his  experience 
with  the  Herefords  in  connection  with  Mr.  Fowler 
cannot  fail  to  be  of  interest. 

Mr.  Tod  originally  came  out  from  Scotland  and 
was  for  several  years  with  the  Prairie  Cattle  Co., 
but  subsequently  formed  a  partnership  with  Mr. 
George  Fowler  of  the  Fowler  Packing  Co.  In  the 
year  1884  they  imported  from  England  a  few  pure- 
bred Hereford  cows,  a  few  Shorthorn  cows,  one  or 
two  Shorthorn  bulls  and  a  large  number  of  Hereford 
bulls,  with  a  view  to  using  the  bulls  chiefly  on  grade 
cows.  During  the  dull  years  of  1889,  1890  and  1891 
they  disposed  of  these  purebreds  and  a  few  years 
later  started  a  herd  of  grade  cows  in  northern  New 
Mexico  using  Hereford  bulls  exclusively.  These  cows 
were  ordinary  Colorado  range-bred  cows,  with  the 
exception  of  a  few  practically  purebred  Herefords. 
They  continued  using  Hereford  bulls  in  this  herd 
until  it  was  closed  out  on  account  of  the  land  being 
acquired  at  a  price  so  high  that  it  was  thought  it 
could  not  longer  be  held  profitably.  The  bulls  bought 
were  chiefly  of  Gudgell  &  Simpson  breeding,  and  Mr. 
Tod  was  careful  to  buy  no  bull  which  was  not  strong- 


W.   J.   TOD   OF   MAPLE   HILL. 


780  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ly  "Anxiety-bred. ' '  The  result  in  the  herd  was  most 
pronounced,  and  the  improvement  in  quality,  feeding 
capabilities,  style  and  size  most  marked. 

"From  long  experience, "  says  Mr.  Tod,  "we 
have  found  that  in  a  range  country  the  Shorthorns 
have  not  the  constitution  nor  the  rustling  qualities 
that  we  get  in  the  Herefords.  We  had  not  only  a 
better  calf  crop  with  the  Herefords,  but  they  stood 
the  winter  with  less  feed  in  better  condition  than  the 
Shorthorns,  and  they  are  undoubtedly  better  grazers. 
Now  that  baby  beef  is  so  much  in  demand  we  have 
found  that  there  is  no  breed  of  cattle  that  equals  the 
Hereford  in  capability  of  becoming  prime  fat  as 
yearlings,  but  it  of  course  must  be  clearly  under- 
stood that  we  feed  in  a  manner  in  the  rough.  None 
of  our  cattle  are  stabled,  nor  have  we  sheds.  The 
only  shelter  we  have  is  the  timber.  These  are  the 
conditions  we  have  to  contend  with,  and  we  have 
found  the  Hereford  equal  to  them. ' ' 

While  the  herd  in  New  Mexico  was  maintained 
from  1,000  to  1,200  head  were  branded  annually,  and 
about  3,000  steers,  a  year  were  fed  in  Kansas.  The 
greater  number  of  these  were  purchased  in  the  Pan- 
handle and  in  southern  Colorado.  The  range  in  New 
Mexico  contained  about  60,000  acres  of  fenced  land. 
No  young  cattle  were  sold,  everything  disposed  of 
being  fed  off  in  Kansas,  and  marketed  chiefly  in  Kan- 
sas City,  with  occasional  shipments  to  Chicago  and 
St.  Joseph. 

The  New  Mexico  ranch  was  located  in  the  northern 
part  of  the  state  and  the  quality  of  the  grama  and 


PROOF  PILED  ON  PROOF  781 

other  grasses  was  excellent.  Some  alfalfa  hay  was 
used,  and  the  calves  had  hay  and  a  little  cottonseed 
during  the  first  winter.  The  cows,  however,  got  only 
what  the  range  produced.  Having  a  small  range  it 
was  considered  best  to  keep  the  bulls  only  two  years, 
and  as  the  yearling  heifers  were  never  bred  there 
was  no  chance  of  in-breeding.  High-class  bulls  were 
bought  and  turned  on  the  range  at  two  years  of  age, 
allowing  four  to  100  cows.  At  four  years  old  these 
were  sold  to  some  of  the  large  ranchers  in  the  west, 
and  there  was  no  trouble  whatever  in  disposing  of 
them.  Indeed  there  was  recorded  a  very  active  in- 
quiry. It  is  the  judgment  of  Mr.  Tod  that  there  are 
few  cattle  handled  and  fed  in  the  rough  capable  of 
making  as  fine-finished,  high-class,  high-priced  beef 
at  one  or  two  years  old  as  well  as  Herefords. 

As  proof  of  the  excellence  that  can  be  attained  by 
the  use  of  pedigree  Hereford  bulls  with  ordinary 
range  cows  Fowler  &  Tod  showed  at  the  Interna- 
tional Live  Stock  Exposition,  Chicago,  in  1905,  a  car- 
load of  calves,  a  carload  of  yearlings,  a  carload  of 
two-year-olds  and.  a  carload  of  three-year-olds. 
These  four  carloads  of  cattle  took  three  first  pre- 
miums and  one  second  in  their  respective  classes. 
They  were  also  the  champion  Herefords,  and  the 
three-year-olds  were  the  champion  three-year-olds 
over  all  breeds.  These  cattle  were  all  from  the  same 
range,  and  this  record  was  duplicated  exactly  when 
four  carloads  from  the  same  herd  were  shown  at 
Chicago  in  1909. 

Some  years  later  the  same  firm  showed  a  carload 


782  A  HISTORY  OP  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

of  fat  cattle  and  a  carload  of  feeder  cattle  from  the 
same  herd  at  the  Kansas  City  Eoyal  Show,  and  both 
of  these  were  grand  champions  in  their  respective 
divisions.  Inasmuch  as  these  cattle  were  handled 
on  the  range  until  they  were  put  on  feed  in  Kansas 
the  results  demonstrate  conclusively  what  can  be 
done  by  the  careful  selection  of  Hereford  bulls  to 
place  on  good  range  cows. 

The  Swensons.— Few  brands  of  Texas  cattle  are 
better  known  or  in  higher  repute  than  the  SMS. 
The  Swenson  Bros.,  of  New  York  City,  owners  of 
an  enormous  property  in  Jones  and  five  other  coun- 
ties, at  one  time  ran  55,000  head  of  cattle.  That 
was  when  they  owned  the  Spur  cattle  as  well  as  the 
SMS  herd.  They  have  been  selling  largely  of  their 
lands  in  recent  years,  but  still  manage  400,000  acres 
— 250,000  acres  of  their  own  and  a  lease  of  the  150,- 
000  acres  of  the  Spur  property,  all  under  wire  fence. 
At  this  writing  they  are  probably  running  about 
22,000  cattle  exclusive  of  calves,  of  which  they  had 
in  1913  about  10,000  head. 

The  first  registered  Hereford  bulls  taken  to  the 
Swenson  Eanch  were  bought  from  Fowler  &  Van- 
Natta  in  1884,  and  they  were  bred  upon  a  small 
herd  of  cross-bred  Hereford  and  Shorthorn  heifers, 
and  the  bulls  from  that  herd  were  in  turn  bred  on 
the  SMS  main  herd  which  was  made  up  of  native, 
but  well  selected,  Texas  cattle.  The  first  Hereford 
bulls  used  on  the  Spur  range  were  introduced  the 
same  year  by  manager  C.  L.  doff  from  0.  H.  Nelson's. 

Speaking  of  the  foundation  of  the   SMS  cattle 


PROOF  PILED  ON  PROOF  783 

manager  Frank  S.  Hastings  says  that  the  early 
heifers  in  the  herd  were  carefully  selected  native 
cattle,  and  these  were  crossed  with  bulls  from  an 
unregistered  herd  that  had  been  bred  up  from  cross- 
bred Shorthorn-Hereford  heifers  mated  with  regis- 
tered Fowler  &  VanNatta  bulls.  This  unregistered 
herd  was  probably  a  little  stronger  in  Shorthorn  than 
Hereford  blood  originally,  but  it  has  been  persistent- 
ly crossed  with  registered  Hereford  bulls  and  now 
consists  of  about  1,400  cows  which  will  show  an  un- 
dercurrent of  only  about  5  per  cent  Shorthorn.  This 
is  distinctly  a  " white  face"  herd,  and  probably  no 
herd  in  the  west  carries  a  wider  range  of  Hereford 
blood.  It  has  had  the  service  of  more  than  fifty  head 
of  imported  registered  Hereford  bulls,  it  has  drawn 
from  the  Fowler  &  VanNatta  herd, it  has  had  several 
drafts  from  the  Armour  herd  and  several  shipments 
from  the  Gudgell  &  Simpson,  the  Dr.  James  A.  Lo- 
gan and  other  good  herds.  In  recent  years  it  has 
had  drafts  from  some  of  the  best  Texas  herds, 
added  to  which  there  has  been  a  "throw-in"  each 
year  from  a  registered  herd  of  the  ranch.  These 
registered  bulls  after  a  service  of  two  years  are 
thrown  into  the  main  herd  and  scattered  over  the 
various  ranches. 

With  this  unregistered  herd  as  a  bull  basis  the 
native  type  in  the  main  herd  soon  disappeared,  and 
when  Mr.  Hastings  took  charge  in  1902  it  was  dis- 
tinctly a  high-grade  Hereford  herd,  but  with  some 
weeds  in  it.  A  pruning  process  has  continued  al- 
most to  the  point  of  extravagance  ever  since,  until 


FRANK    S.    HASTINGS. 


PROOF  PILED  ON  PROOF  785 

today  out  of  16,000  breeding  cows  the  nearest  ap- 
proach to  an  off-color  is  something  spotted  showing 
the  result  of  the  Shorthorn-Hereford  cross.  Fig- 
ured out  in  the  way  of  fractions  the  commercial 
herd  which  for  ten  years  has  been  sending  all  of  its 
progeny  to  cornbelt  feedlots  with  good  records  both 
there  and  in  the  showrings  will  show  within  a  frac- 
tion of  99  99/100  per  cent  purebred  Hereford. 

A  strong  bull  tally  is  a  part  of  the  Swenson  pol- 
icy, one  aged  bull  to  sixteen  cows,  and  in  addition  to 
that  all  the  bulls  whether  of  their  own  raising  or 
purchased  are  turned  out  in  their  yearling  period, 
though  not  counted  in  the  breeding  complement. 
Naturally  they  sire  a  few  calves,  but  in  the  main  the 
benefit  of  turning  them  out  is  to  acquaint  them 
thoroughly  with  the  range  and  to  get  them  accli- 
mated and  so  give  them  a  usefulness  that  cannot  be 
obtained  in  any  other  way. 

Yearling  heifers  are  not  bred  at  all.  The  entire 
yearling  crop  is  pruned  10  per  cent  every  season 
and  that  cut  is  sent  to  the  block.  The  Swensons  con- 
sider that  this  early  pruning  before  maturity  with 
a  careful  subsequent  culling  as  development  may 
suggest,  leaves  a  uniformity  of  type  which  could  not 
be  obtained  by  waiting  until  the  cows  had  served 
their  period  of  usefulness  before  pruning.  The  av- 
erage winter  loss  on  the  ranch,  or  the  average  loss 
from  .all  causes  for  twelve  months,  is  about  5  per 
cent. 

The  Swensons  bought  the  entire  Spur  property, 
but  never  mixed  the  Spur  herd  with  the  SMS  and 


786  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

later  sold  the  entire  Spur  head  to  W.  J.  Lewis. 
Asked  for  a  summary  of  his  reasons  for  preferring 
Hereford  blood  for  range  purposes  Mr.  Hastings 
says: 

"The  Hereford  has  been  the  redeemer  of  the 
range  on  account  of  his  hustling  ability,  capacity 
for  taking  care  of  himself  under  adverse  circum- 
stances and  general  adaptability  to  large  pasture 
work." 

The  largest  investment  for  improvements  on  the 
SMS  property  has  been  for  water,  over  $100,000, 
but  the  greatest  expense  item  has  been  for  the  ex- 
termination of  prairie  dogs,  the  sum  of  $50,000  hav- 
ing been  successfully  expended  to  rid  the  big  pas- 
tures of  "dogs." 

Calves  for  the  Cornbelt.. — Beginning  about  1904 
the  Swensons  began  selling  their  youngsters  to 
cornbelt  feeders,  and  many  a  great  load  of  "white 
faces"  bearing  their  brand  has  graced  the  pens 
of  leading  shows  and  markets.  In  1912  they  deliv- 
ered 5,000  head  to  the  cornbelt,  and  not  a  single 
buyer  was  present  to  receive  his  cattle.  "With  the 
exception  of  one  man  who  wrote  that  he  thought  the 
calves  a  little  young,"  says  Mr.  Hastings,  "we  had 
a  clean  sweep  of  voluntary  letters  expressing  abso- 
lute satisfaction  with  the  cattle.  In  fact,  our  busi- 
ness is  up  to  a  place  now  where  we  cannot  half  sup- 
ply the  demand  for  the  cattle,  and  we  grade  them 
just  as  one  would  grade  sacks  of  granulated  sugar, 
that  is,  our  standard  has  been  established  and  we 
are  able  to  sell  them  by  correspondence  with  uni- 
versal satisfaction." 


PROOF  PILED  ON  PROOF  787 

Richards  &  Comstock. — This  firm,  at  one  time  very 
prominent  in  Nebraska,  running  as  high  as  70,000 
cattle,  bought  its  first  Hereford  bulls  in  1882,  a  por- 
tion of  them  coming  from  T.  L.  Miller.  The  cow 
herd  at  that  time  consisted  of  native  Montanas. 
Richards  &  Comstock  were  pleased  with  the  Here- 
ford cross,  and  used  for  the  most  part  Hereford  bulls 
ever  after.  It  was  their  opinion  that  continued  cross- 
ing from  Hereford  bulls  would  not  tend  to  increase 
the  weight,  but  was  apt  to  decrease  it.  They  admired 
the  Herefords,  however,  as  "hardy,  producing  good 
colors  and  giving  the  best  cross  for  market  pur- 
poses. " 

Richards  &  Comstock  testified  that  their  outlet  va- 
ried, according  to  grass,  and  market  conditions.  Some 
years  ago  they  only  produced  feeders,  while  again 
they  had  good  beef.  For  their  feeders  they  found  a 
market  in  Omaha,  for  good  beef  they  favored  Chi- 
cago. They  secured  their  bulls  from  various  breed- 
ers in  Nebraska,  Missouri,  Iowa  and  Illinois,  paying 
for  them  at  different  times  from  $75  to  $200  per  head. 
They  never  attempted  to  raise  the  bulls  required  for 
the  herd.  They  preferred  two-year-olds  and  allowed 
twenty  to  twenty-five  cows  per  bull.  In  selecting 
Hereford  bulls  for  breeding  on  the  ranch  they  always 
aimed  to  select  those  that  were  inclined  to  be  a  little 
coarse  and  rough,  rather  than  those  that  were  fine 
in  the  bone.  Their  experience  was  that  they  had  to 
constantly  be  on  their  guard  lest  they  get  their  cattle 
"too  fine. " 

Big  Horn  Land  and  Cattle  Co.— This  company, 
controlling  property  valued  at  approximately  $750,- 


788  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

000,  has  18,000  acres  of  patented  land,  all  under 
fence.  Manager  William  Marr  had  his  earliest  ex- 
perience with  Hereford  cattle  in  North  Park,  Lari- 
mer Co.,  Colo.,  beginning  in  1880,  and  in  a  letter 
written  to  the  author  several  years  ago  testified  as 
follows : 

"I  have  used  several  hundred  Hereford  bulls  and 
have  at  present  between  thirty  and  forty,  the  bal- 
ance being  Shorthorns.  I  think  the  Hereford  a  good 
cross  on  big  strong  rough  cows,  but  no  better  than 
a  Shorthorn,  in  fact,  I  do  not  think  as  good  on  a  well 
bred  smooth  bunch  of  cows.  It  is  my  experience 
that  Hereford  bulls  have  made  their  greatest  suc- 
cess on  the  range  and  elsewhere  when  the  cow  herds 
had  been  previously  more  or  less  improved  by  the 
use  of  Shorthorn  blood.  The  best  cross  on  the 
Texas  cow  was  the  Shorthorn,  afterwards  the  Here- 
ford; the  latter  seemed  to  smooth  them  up  and  give 
them  a  uniform  color.  It  has  been  my  experience 
that  with  continuous  use  of  Hereford  bulls  my  cat- 
tle got  to  weigh  less,  and  for  the  past  six  or  seven 
years  I  have  been  using  as  many  Shorthorn  bulls  as 
Heref  ords,  and  am  getting  more  size  and  weight. 

"In  my  neighborhood  the  Hereford  has  been 
pushed  more  than  the  Shorthorn  by  the  owners  of 
purebred  herds.  There  were  no  purebred  Short- 
horn herds,  and  the  Hereford  did  well  on  the  coarse 
western  cows.  They  are  good  rustlers,  and  on  cows 
with  no  particular  breeding  they  would  get  a  calf 
with  a  white  face.  My  idea  of  an  animal  for  the 
range  is  a  cross  between  the  Shorthorn  and  Here- 
ford, and  if  I  was  starting  a  herd  again  I  would  get 
Shorthorn  cows  and  Hereford  bulls. " 

The  Sparks  Herd. — The  large  and  first-class 
Alamo  herd  maintained  for  so  many  years  by  the 


PROOF  PILED  ON  PROOF  789 

late  Governor  John  Sparks  of  Beno,  Nev.,  probably 
supplied  more  good  Hereford  bulls  to  the  ranchmen 
of  California  than  any  other  one  herd.  Offshoots 
from  the  Alamo  were  numerous,  one  of  them  being 
the  herd  of  Whitaker  &  Bay,  of  Gault,  and  another 
the  Jacks  herd  at  Salinas.  Joseph  Marsden  of  Love- 
locks, Nev.,  maintained  a  Hereford  herd  for  many 
years,  and  upon  his  retiring  from  business  this  was 
taken  over  by  a  company  at  Newman,  Cal.,  the  herd 
being  successfully  maintained  at  a  high  standard. 

From  the  Sparks  herd  also  was  obtained  the 
foundation  Herefords  for  the  Fred  H.  Bixby  cattle, 
running  in  southern  California  and  Arizona.  Mr. 
Bixby  has  used  both  the  Hereford  and  the  Short- 
horn blood,  and  believes  that  a  cross  of  those  bloods 
constitutes  the  ideal  animal.  He  is  partial  to  the 
Hereford,  however,  and  gives  four  reasons  for  his 
preference : 

"First,  the  Hereford  is  the  first  to  fatten;  second, 
the  Hereford  is  a  better  rustler ;  third,  the  Hereford 
can  stand  more  hardship ;  fourth,  the  Hereford  as  a 
rule  has  a  better  loin." 

Continental  Land  and  Cattle  Co. — Col.  William 
E.  Hughes  of  Denver,  chief  owner  of  the  "Mill 
Iron"  cattle,  one  of  the  important  Texas  herds,  had 
his  first  experience  with  Herefords  about  1895  in 
Collingsworth  Co.,  Tex.,  and  has  used  the  blood 
ever  since.  Some  years  ago  he  purchased  500  un- 
registered Hereford  heifers  from  the  Adair  herd  in 
the  Panhandle  of  Texas,  bred  up  from  the  well 
known  Palo  Duro  foundation  of  Shorthorn  cows 
mated  to  Hereford  bulls.  The  Continental  company 
has  continued  to  breed  these  cattle  and  their  off- 


790  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

spring  to  registered  Hereford  bulls  bought  in  Mis- 
souri, Iowa  and  Kansas. 

During  the  same  time  and  in  the  same  country 
the  company  has  bred  an  equal  number  of  the  same 
class  of  cows  to  registered  Shorthorn  bulls.  Col. 
Hughes  gives  it  as  his  experience  that  there  is  no 
great  difference  in  the  progeny,  but  "if  there  is  a 
difference,  it  is  in  favor  of  the  Hereford/'  In  1906 
he  exhibited  both  kinds  of  cattle  at  the  International 
show,  winning  first  prizes  on  both  in  their  classes. 
"These  yearlings,"  he  says,  "  had  an  equal  chance 
in  feed,  range  and  breed. "  The  Shorthorns  aver- 
aged 1,150  pounds  and  the  Herefords  1,077  pounds, 
the  former  bringing  $8.35  and  the  latter  $9.75  per 
cwt.  on  the  December,  1906,  market. 

While  Col.  Hughes  inclines  to  the  opinion  that 
the  Hereford  bull  is  the  best  ranger  and  rustler  he 
says  that  "it  is  generally  understood  that  Hereford 
bulls  have  made  their  greatest  success  on  the  range 
when  the  cow  herds  had  previously  more  or  less 
Shorthorn  blood  in  them.  This  is  my  experience. ?> 
He  also  adds:  "I  think,  however,  if  the  Hereford 
breeding  is  kept  up  for  any  great  length  of  time 
there  is  a  loss  in  weight  and  size.  The  Herefords 
are  inclined  to  get  too  peaked  and  light  behind. 
This  is  obviated  by  occasional  crossing  back  to  the 
Shorthorn,  getting  a  square  rump.  The  Herefords 
are  generally  preferred  in  the  range  country  be- 
cause they  are  less  sluggish  than  the  Shorthorns 
and  are  better  rustlers  and  rangers." 

The  Marcus  Daly  Outfit.— Manager  P.  J.  Shan- 


Copyright  photo 
ON   THE   WALLUP    RANCH,    SHERIDAN    CO.,    WYOMING. 


THE    MONCRIEFFE    RANCH.    SHERIDAN    CO..    WYOMING. 


792  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

non  of  this  Montana  property  has  been  using  Here- 
ford bulls  for  the  past  ten  years  on  the  range  cows, 
and  considers  them  the  very  best  available  for  that 
purpose.  He  is  of  the  opinion  that  the  Hereford 
bulls  have  made  their  greatest  success  on  the  range 
when  the  cow  herds  had  previously  been  more  or 
less  improved  by  the  use  of  Shorthorn  blood,  and 
agrees  with  the  view  that  "continued  use  of  the 
Hereford  tends  to  loss  of  size,  particularly  in  the 
hindquarters  of  the  animal."  To  counteract  this 
he  intended  to  change  to  Shorthorn  bulls  in  the  sea- 
son of  1913  and  use  them  for  a  few  years,  then  re- 
turning to  the  Hereford.  He  adds: 

"Our  main  reason  for  preferring  the  Herefords 
is  that  they  are  the  best  rustlers  and  will  make  a 
living  and  breed  well  in  a  poor  rough  mountain 
range  such  as  we  have  here." 

The  Bell  Ranch.— Mr.  C.  M.  O'Donel,  manager  of 
the  Bell  Eanch  owned  by  the  Eed  Eiver  Valley  Co., 
in  San  Miguel  Co.,  N.  M.,  had  his  first  experience 
with  the  Herefords  in  the  Texas  Panhandle  shortly 
after  Goodnight  started  at  Palo  Duro.  He  is  an- 
other one  of  those  who  while  admiring  the  hardiness 
of  the  Hereford  still  has  a  warm  spot  in  his  heart 
for  the  Shorthorn.  In  response  to  a  letter  of  in- 
quiry f roni  the  author,  Mr.  0  'Donel  writes : 

<dWhile  I  have  never  bred  purebred  Herefords  I 
have  used  and  seen  them  used  on  range  cows  exten- 
sively for  the  last  twenty-five  years.  For  the  past 
nine  years  I  have  had  from  300  to  500  white-faced 
bulls  at  a  time  on  this  range.  Comparing  the  Here- 
ford with  the  Shorthorn  bull  for  range  purposes,  its 
advantages  are:  (1)  undoubtedly  superior  thrift 


PROOF  PILED  ON  PROOF  793 

under  adverse  conditions,  which  I  attribute  as  much 
to  his  placid  and  equable  temperament  as  to  his 
compact  and  easily  nourished  frame;  (2)  his  gen- 
erally superior  coat;  (3)  his  popularity  with  steer 
buyers,  though  this  is  less  marked  in  recent  years. 
His  disadvantages  are:  (1)  a  want  of  scale;  (2)  less 
breeding  activity  when  young  (this  latter  is,  I  be- 
lieve, not  generally  acknowledged,  but  I  am  con- 
vinced of  its  correctness,  although  it  is  partly  com- 
pensated for  by  the  superior  condition  that  the 
Hereford  maintains  in  consequence  of  that  fact) ; 
(3)  a  weight  of  horn  and  lightness  and  angularity 
of  hindquarter  which  is  not  well  calculated  to  re- 
move these  same  defects  from  the  native  cattle  of 
the  southwest. 

"The  popularity  of  the  Hereford  on  the  range  is 
due  undoubtedly  to  his  conspicuous,  uniform  and 
attractive  coloring  which  proclaims  the  blood  even 
to  the  most  inexperienced.  At  the  time  of  the  first 
introduction  there  was  excessive  mortality  among 
the  Shorthorn  bulls,  and  while  the  Hereford  is  gen- 
erally regarded  as  having  saved  the  situation,  his 
breed  sometimes  receives  the  credit  for  survival 
which  was  really  due  to  more  judicious  stocking  of 
the  ranges.  I  do  not  know  of  any_range  herd  in  the 
front  rank  as  regards  quality  that  has  been  pro- 
duced by  the  use  of  Hereford  bulls  alone  on  the  na- 
tive scrub  cow.  I  am  convinced  that  there  is  a 
tendency  where  one  Hereford  cross  is  followed  by 
another  for  a  long  period  towards  some  loss  in  size 
and  weight.  This  might  perhaps  be  avoided  by  the 
careful  selection  of  Herefords  of  large  frame.  The 
obvious  remedy  for  this  is  the  use  of  a  Shorthorn 
cross.  The  exclusive  use  of  Shorthorns  has  its 
drawbacks  also.  Nevertheless,  I  am  free  to  confess 
that  I  do  not  believe  that  Herefords  can  ever  be  dis- 
pensed with  on  the  range. ' ' 


794  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

This  frank  statement  from  a  man  who  is  very 
partial  to  Shorthorn  blood  perhaps  carries  quite  as 
much  weight  as  some  of  the  more  enthusiastic 
praises  bestowed  upon  the  Herefords  by  their  spe- 
cial advocates. 

Governor  McDonald's  Evidence. — Hon.  W.  C. 
McDonald,  at  this  writing  Governor  of  the  state  of 
New  Mexico,  in  his  capacity  as  manager  of  two 
ranches  and  live  stock  companies,  adds  his  expression 
of  appreciation  of  the  Herefords  as  being  the  best 
"  doers "  on  short  range.  He  manages  properties 
aggregating  perhaps  1,000,000  acres — mostly  roll- 
ing land  along  the  foot  of  the  mountains,  where  the 
grass  is  principally  grama.  The  ranges  are  now 
well  equipped  with  windmills  and  gas  engines,  al- 
though not  much  of  the  land  is  as  yet  fenced.  The 
cow  herds  were  originally  grade  Shorthorns,  and  the 
first  Hereford  bulls  came  from  the  Richards  stock 
at  Watrous,  N.  M.  Since  these  bulls  have  been  used 
the  Governor  states  that  the  cattle  have  increased 
in  weight.  A  few  Shorthorns  have  usually  been 
kept,  however,  along  with  the  " white  faces."  In 
more  recent  years  the  bulls  have  been  bought  in 
Kansas,  Missouri  and  Texas. 

George  W.  Baker. — Another  New  Mexico  ranch- 
man, Mr.  George  W.  Baker,  of  Folsom,  who  is  now 
running  about  600  cows  and  has  had  at  various 
times  as  many  as  1,500,  operates  a  10,000-acre 
ranch  under  fence  with  plenty  of  water  and  good 
corrals.  Most  of  the  land  is  rough  and  broken, 
carrying  wild  grass,  mostly  grama.  He  puts  up 


Copyright  photo  by  Erwin   E. 
'ON   THE   TRAIL  THAT  LED    NOT    BACKWARD." 


Copyright  photo  by  McClure 
A   PRIZE-WINNING    BUNCH    OF    HEREFORDS    ON    THE    RANGE. 


796  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

300  tons  of  alfalfa  annually.  His  first  Herefords 
came  from  C.  A.  Stannard,  who  bought  the  Sunny 
Slope  herd,  originally  made  famous  by  the  late 
Charles  S.  Gross,  and  began  breeding  them  to  cows 
that  were  grade  Herefords  with  a  Shorthorn  cross. 
He  has  used  Herefords  continuously  since,  and 
states  that  his  cattle  have  increased  in  weight.  He 
believes  the  Hereford  to  be  the  hardiest  and  most 
prolific  sire,  and  that  his  use  results  in  more  uni- 
form cattle.  All  of  Mr.  Baker's  bulls  are  bought 
from  other  herds.  After  relating  his  experience, 
which  has  been  favorable  to  the  Hereford,  Mr. 
Baker  states: 

"Breeding  cattle  on  the  range  is  a  thing  of  the 
past  in  this  country.  There  are  a  few  steers  still 
on  the  range,  and  some  cattlemen  turn  their  herds 
out  in  the  summer,  but  they  are  closely  herded,  and 
range  conditions  as  generally  understood  do  not 
exist  here." 

The  H.  G.  Adams  XI  Ranches. — In  Meade  and 
Seward  counties  in  Kansas,  and  in  Beaver  Co., 
Okla.,  Adams  &  Eobert  own  about  36,000  acres  of 
deeded  land  and  have  some  30,000  acres  additional 
under  lease.  The  property  is  well  improved,  is  wa- 
tered from  windmills  and  ponds  and  is  situated 
about  18  miles  from  the  Cimarron  Eiver.  The  land 
and  cattle  represent  holdings  said  to  be  worth  at 
this  time  around  $500,000.  In  addition  to  this  Mr. 
Adams  has  a  7,000-acre  place  of  his  own  at  Maple 
Hill,  Kans.,  where  he  handles  and  feeds  steers  ex- 
clusively. 

Adams  &  Eobert  began  with  unregistered  Here- 


PROOF  PILED  ON  PROOF  797 

ford  cows  and  bought  their  first  pedigree  bulls  from 
Gudgell  &  Simpson,  using  since  only  purebred  bulls 
selected  from  that  herd  and  from  Armour's  and 
Hazlett  's.  They  have,  therefore,  a  lot  of  the  Anxiety 
blood.  Their  experience  coincides  with  others  who 
testify  to  the  superior  hardiness  and  general  adapta- 
bility of  the  Plereford  for  range  uses.  They  do  not 
breed  from  bulls  of  their  own  production,  prefer- 
ring to  keep  up  fresh  infusions  from  good  sources. 
They  graze  their  young  bulls  through  the  summer 
months,  and  in  the  winter  give  them  ground  kafir 
corn,  cottonseed  meal  or  cake,  and  hay.  Their 
young  cattle  are  largely  sold  to  feeders  in  Kansas, 
Missouri  and  Illinois. 

John  Z.  Means. — Something  like  250  sections  of 
land  in  Jeff  Davis  and  Culberson  counties  on  the 
west  side  of  the  Davis  Mountains  and  350  sections 
north  of  Pecos  City  and  lying  on  both  sides  of  the 
Pecos  Eiver,  well  equipped  for  the  cattle  business, 
are  controlled  by  Mr.  Means.  The  entire  property 
is  valued  somewhere  around  $1,000,000.  Eeplying  to 
queries  submitted  some  time  since,  Mr.  Means  wrote 
the  author  as  follows : 

"I  own  about  15,000  cattle  and  prefer  the  Here- 
fords  because  they  are  good,  thrifty  cattle  of  the  type 
best  adapted  to  this  dry  country.  We  have  not  had 
anything  to  discourage  us  in  breeding  to  Hereford 
bulls,  and  the  more  we  see  of  them  the  better  we  like 
them.  While  we  have  never  bred  any  registered 
bulls,  we  bought  twenty-nine  at  one  time  from  Gov. 
John  Sparks,  and  additional  ones  at  different  times 
from  northern  herds.  The  first  ' white  faces'  used 
were  from  a  Mr.  Adams  of  Moffit,  Colo.,  the  lot  con- 


798  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

sisting  of  two  registered  and  thirty  or  more  grade 
bulls.  The  herd  upon  which  our  first  Hereford s 
were  crossed  was  obtained  from  R.  K.  Miley  of 
this  state.  While  I  have  used  some  Shorthorn 
bulls  I  have  preferred  the  Herefords  ever  since  we 
began  using  them. ' ' 

Ike  Pryor  Prefers  Herefords. — One  of  the  best 
known  Texas  cattle-growers  is  Hon.  Ike  T.  Pryor 
of  San  Antonio.  He  bought  his  first  Hereford  bulls 
in  1880  from  Towers  &  Gudgell,  and  placed  them 
on  his  ranch  in  Colorado.  Thereafter  he  followed 
up  this  purchase  each  year  with  other  registered 
Herefords,  principally  from  Missouri  and  Kansas, 
until  1885.  Between  1880  and  1884  Pryor  Bros, 
bought  large  herds  of  grade  Herefords  in  Colorado, 
as  well  as  several  lots  of  Shorthorns,  and  turned 
them  on  the  open  range  in  the  southern  part  of  that 
state.  As  already  set  forth  in  these  pages  the  hard 
winter  of  1884-85  gave  the  different  breeds  of  cat- 
tle on  the  open  range  a  thorough  test  of  ability  to 
withstand  the  hardships  incident  to  open  range  con- 
ditions. Eeferring  to  this  experience  Mr.  Pryor 


"At  least  75  per  cent  of  our  high-bred.  Short- 
horn cattle  died  in  that  disastrous  winter,  while  not 
over  25  per  cent  of  the  Herefords  died — all  running 
on  the  same  range.  This  convinced  me  that  the 
Hereford  was  the  best  animal  a  stockman  could  use 
for  range  purposes. 

"I  am  the  owner  today  of  a  large  herd  of  Here- 
ford cows  on  the  Membres  River  in  Grant  Co.,  N. 
M.  This  is  a  mountainous  range  and  I  am  using 
on  this  ranch  exclusively  registered  Hereford  bulls, 
because  of  the  fact  that  bulls  from  this  breed  of 


Copyright  photo  by  McClure 
BEEP   STEERS   IN    THE   ROUND-UP. 


Copyright  photo  by  McClure 
NOON-TIDE  AT  THE    WATER    HOLE. 


800  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

cattle  will  follow  the  cows  to  the  top  of  high  moun- 
tains, while  Shorthorn  bulls  will  remain  near  the 
water  where  feed  is  usually  poor  and  of  course  give 
less  service  than  the  Herefords  that  go  out  in  the 
mountains  with  the  cattle.  I  would  not  think  of 
changing  the  Herefords  for  any  other  breed  of  cat- 
tle. So  much  for  the  Hereford  as  a  range  animal. 

"My  observation  of  this  breed  of  cattle  is  that 
you  can  make  them  into  good  beef  at  any  age  from 
six  months  to  a  four-year-old.  There  is  no  animal 
superior  to  the  Hereford  for  making  baby  beef;  in 
fact,  as  I  said  before,  it  is  possible  to  put  him  in 
prime  condition  at  any  age  up  to  the  time  he  is  fully 
grown,  and  this  is  a  strong  point  in  favor  of  the 
Hereford,  because  an  animal  out  of  which  one  can 
create  baby  beef  at  from  a  year  to  eighteen  months 
old  is  the  popular  type.  The  farmer  can  make 
choice  baby  beef  of  a  Hereford  at  from  twelve  to 
eighteen  months,  thereby  saving  from  one  to  two 
years '  time,  whereas  the  more  you  feed  a  Shorthorn 
the  more  he  grows,  and  does  not  seem  to  take  on  fat 
in  proportion  to  the  Hereford  of  the  same  age.  I 
can,  however,  cite  instances  where  one  cross  of  a 
Shorthorn  on  a  Hereford  herd  has  increased  their 
size  for  range  purposes  and  probably  did  not  de- 
crease their  vitality. " 

George  H.  Webster,  Jr. — The  Uracca  Banch,  near 
Cimarron,  N.  M.,  is  a  property  of  some  80,000  acres 
of  semi-mountainous  land  divided  into  summer 
ranges  with  an  average  altitude  of  7,000  to  9,000 
feet  and  winter  ranges  averaging  6,000  feet  above 
sea  level.  It  is  mostly  in  blue  grama  grass.  Steers 
only  are  run  on  this  ranch  at  the  present  time. 

Mr.  Webster  prefers  the  Herefords  because  of 
their  superior  constitutions  and  rustling  power, 


PROOF  PILED  ON  PROOF  801 

but  inclines  to  the  opinion  that  western  range  cat- 
tle generally  are  "inclined  to  grow  lighter  where 
Hereford  bulls  are  used  exclusively. ' ' 

James  A.  Lockhart. — Another  admirer  of  the 
Hereford  for  the  west  is  J.  A.  Lockhart  of  Colo- 
rado, who  used  the  Herefords  first  in  New  Mexico 
from  1888  to  1892  and  in  Colorado  since  1892.  He 
considers  the  Hereford  the  best  bull  to  use  on  the 
open  range  in  an  arid  country  where  drouth  and 
short  grass  prevail,  as  in  New  Mexico  and  parts  of 
Colorado.  Mr.  Lockhart 's  firm  had  15,000  stock 
cattle  at  one  time  in  New  Mexico.  Only  Texas  and 
New  Mexico  native  cow  herds  were  maintained, 
carrying  but  little  Shorthorn  blood. 

Mr.  Lockhart  says  that  range  cattle  crossed  re- 
peatedly with  Hereford  bulls  "gradually  grow 
smaller  and  with  less  vigorous  constitutions,  the 
remedy  being  to  cross  with  large-boned  Shorthorn 
bulls  or  other  good  cattle. "  Like  most  of  his  brother 
ranchmen,  however,  he  expresses  a  decided  pref- 
erence for  the  Herefords,  "because  they  are  better 
rustlers  and  stand  grief  (short  grass,  scarcity  of 
water  and  long  distance  traveling  to  obtain  the 
same)  better  than  the  Shorthorns." 

The  C.  B.  Company. — Mr.  Julian  M.  Bassett,  man- 
ager of  the  C.  B.  Live  Stock  Co.,  operating  in 
Crosby  Co.,  Tex.,  states  that  his  people  began  using 
Hereford  bulls  about  1900,  their  first  purebreds  be- 
ing obtained  from  K.  B.  Armour.  The  cows  at  that 
time  were  mixed  Hereford  and  Shorthorn,  and  bulls 
of  both  breeds  have  been  used  since.  Mr.  Bassett 


802  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

states  that  the  average  weight  of  the  cattle  is  about 
100  pounds  more  at  four  years  old  now  than  was  the 
case  twelve  years  ago.  The  company  closed  out  its 
cow  herd  last  year,  but  in  the  light  of  the  experience 
of  the  management  it  is  believed  that  if  good  Here- 
ford bulls  are  bought,  and  close  breeding  avoided, 
the  cattle  will  not  deteriorate  in  size.  Mr.  Bassett 
corroborates  the  testimony  of  others  that  Hereford 
bulls  are  better  rustlers  and  easier  kept. 

"Look  for  Bone,  All  You  Can  Get. "— Such  is  the 
laconic  and  eminently  sound  advice  of  James  Cal- 
lan  of  Menard  Co.,  Tex.,  in  the  selection  of  Here- 
fords  for  use  on  the  range.  In  giving  us  his  experi- 
ence he  employs  the  language  quoted  in  the  course 
of  an  admonition  as  follows: 

"  Avoid  cheap  bulls.  Disregard  showring  de- 
cisions. Look  for  bone,  all  you  can  get,  and  then  it 
T*71'!.  be  fine  enough  in  the  offspring  raised  under 
range  conditions. " 

The  Callan  company  has  a  property  valued  (in- 
cluding cattle)  at  around  $750,000.  The  two  ranches 
comprise  60,000  acres  of  live-oak  country,  and  the 
remainder  is  open.  The  company  runs  a  main  herd 
of  3,000  head  and  bought  its  first  registered  Here- 
ford bulls  in  1895.  These  were  largely  of  Tom 
Clark  breeding.  The  Callan  she  stock  at  that  date 
carried  both  Hereford  and  Shorthorn  blood,  the  lat- 
ter predominating.  White-faced  bulls  have  been 
used  ever  since  and  the  Shorthorns  have  been 
"cleaned  up"  entirely,  the  result  being  "more  uni- 
formity of  type  and  color  and  thriftier  animals. " 

Mr.  Callan  reports  weights  as  20  per  cent  heavier 


FROM  THE  SAND  HILLS— A  PRIZE  LOAD  WAS  DRAWN  FROM  THIS  BUNCH. 


MOUNTAIN    LAKE    AT   TOP    OP    THE    CONTINENTAL    DIVIDE— A. 
DE    RICQLES   AT    "THE    PARTING    OF  THE    WATERS." 


804  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

now  than  with  the  old-time  natives,  but  "not  heav- 
ier than  the  Shorthorn  cross. "  In  his  experience 
the  Herefords  are  "far  the  hardiest  on  the  range. " 

WaJlis  Huidekoper. — Another  large  operator  on 
the  northern  range  is  Mr.  Wallis  Huidekoper,  whose 
North  Dakota  and  Montana  experiences  lead  him  to 
place  a  high  estimate  upon  the  Hereford.  Mr. 
Huidekoper  is  running  about  $100,000  worth  of  cat- 
tle on  a  $350,000  range  in  Sweetwater  Co.,  Mont., 
which  comprises  some  30,000  acres  under  fence,  well 
irrigated  and  with  modern  equipment.  His  grazing 
is  a  good  quality  of  buffalo  grass  on  the  hills  and 
flats.  Wild  hay  and  alfalfa  are  put  up  for  winter 
feeding. 

Mr.  Huidekoper  bought  his  first  Hereford  bulls 
in  1900,  his  cow  herd  at  that  time  consisting  of  half- 
blood  range-bred  Shorthorns.  He  placed  four  suc- 
cessive crosses  of  Hereford  bulls  upon  this  founda- 
tion, and  says  that  the  first  cross  produced  the  best 
beef  and  the  heaviest.  Each  succeeding  cross  re- 
sulted in  a  neater  type  with  less  size.  Mr.  Huide- 
koper has  also  used  Galloway  bulls  upon  Shorthorn 
cows  with  good  satisfaction,  and  uses  Shorthorn 
bulls  on  Shorthorn  cows  to  keep  up  a  supply  of  that 
blood.  He  nevertheless  joins  with  a  large  majority 
of  all  leading  western  cattle-growers  in  regarding 
the  Hereford's  as  the  most  valuable  of  all  blood  ele- 
ments for  range  purposes.  He  says:  "They  have 
the  heart,  they  are  great  rustlers  and  they  hold  their 
flesh  well  in  adversity.  If  you  will  watch  a  large 
bunch  of  mixed  cattle  leave  the  brush  after  a  winter 
storm  you  will  see  the  'white  faces'  in  the  lead." 


806  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Making  Good  in  Old  Mexico.— E.  K.  Warren  & 
Son,  proprietors  of  the  U —  brand,  own  land  and  cat- 
tle roughly  valued  at  around  $2,750,000,  including 
three  ranches  covering  approximately  900,000  acres 
of  land  and  carrying  on  an  average  25,000  head  of 
cattle.  Their  Ojitos  Eanch,  which  is  situated  in 
northern  Chihuahua  in  Old  Mexico,  was  formerly 
owned  by  Lord  Delaval  Beresford,  a  brother  of  the 
English  Admiral,  Lord  Charles  Beresford,  and  is 
a  noted  property,  all  under  fence  with  fine  improve- 
ments, good  springs  and  windmills.  The  Messrs. 
Warren  bought  it  in  1909.  They  also  own  the  Pala- 
tada  Eanch  which  joins  the  Ojitos,  and  it  is  also  well 
equipped. 

At  the  time  of  the  purchase  of  the  Ojitos  the  War- 
rens sent  down  250  Hereford  bulls  and  350  head  of 
purebred  cows  from  their  ranch  at  Bovina,  Tex. 
They  crossed  the  bulls  upon  cows  purchased  in  Mex- 
ico with  gratifying  results,  as  is  evidenced  by  the 
fact  that  for  three  years  past  they  have  sold  their 
two-year-old  steers  at  Amarillo  at  $44  per  head,  and 
their  three-year-olds  at  $62.50,  the  latter  being 
shipped  from  their  Mule  Shoe  Eanch  at  Bovina. 
This  bunch  of  cattle  went  to  the  sugar  beet  mills  in 
Colorado  in  the  fall  of  1913  at  $62.50  for  the  threes, 
which  was  near  the  top  price  for  plains  cattle  at 
that  date.  They  are  said  to  mate  a  wonderful 
growth  when  taken  on  the  plains  as  yearlings.  The 
Warrens  ship  all  their  steers  and  75  per  cent  of 
their  yearling  heifers  to  the  plains  each  year,  keep- 
ing the  other  25  per  cent  on  the  Ojitos  Eanch  for 


PROOF  PILED  ON  PROOF  807 

breeding.  The  three-year-old  heifers  which  they 
had  spayed  brought  $50  per  head  at  Bovina  in  the 
autumn  of  1913,  and  the  two-year-olds  $40  per  head. 

The  Warren  firm  owns  also  the  250,000-acre 
Alamo  Hueco  Eanch  in  New  Mexico,  which  joins  the 
International  line  and  lies  exactly  16  miles  north  of 
the  north  line  of  fence  of  the  Ojitos  in  Old  Mexico. 
They  first  began  operations  at  Bovina  in  1902,  with 
the  purchase  of  40,000  acres  of  land,  and  later  on 
added  45,000  acres  more.  This  is  what  is  known  as 
the  Mule  Shoe  Eanch.  This  land  was  used  for 
grazing  purposes  only  until  last  year,  when  the 
townsite  of  Muleshoe  and  83,000  acres  of  land  were 
sold. 

Manager  C.  K.  Warren  says : 

"We  commenced  the  purchase  of  Hereford  bulls 
the  first  year  we  went  into  the  business.  In  our  ex- 
perience this  is  the  only  breed  of  cattle  for  ranch 
purposes,  especially  when  cattle  are  handled  in 
large  herds,  as  they  are  the  best  rustlers,  have 
thicker  hides,  carry  the  most  uniform  flesh,  stand 
cold  better,  produce  a  larger  percentage  of  calf  crop 
and  it  takes  less  feed  to  carry  them  than  with  other 
cattle.  Still  we  have  been  putting  in  every  other 
year  a  few  Shorthorns  with  good  results.  They 
have  a  little  more  bone  and  the  cows  give  more  milk 
for  the  calves. 

"We  have  now  a  herd  of  purebred  Herefords  in 
Michigan  from  which  we  are  raising  and  shipping 
our  registered  bulls  to  a  purebred  herd,  not  regis- 
tered, in  Mexico.  Our  purebred  herd  in  Mexico 
numbers  about  800  and  from  this  we  are  raising 
bulls  that  are  used  for  breeding  purposes  both  in 
Mexico  and  New  Mexico.  We  have  gone  out  of  the 


808  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

breeding  proposition  on  the  plains  at  Bovina,  and 
are  simply  handling  our  yearlings  from  that  point. 
We  take  the  bulls  away  from  the  herd  Nov.  1  each 
year,  and  put  them  back  June  15.  On  good  pasture 
all  will  winter  strong  and  fat  without  grain.  We 
brand  approximately  5,000  head  of  calves  each 
year. ' 9 

Scale  Retained  Through  Selection. — Just  as  the 
interests  of  the  Shorthorn  cattle,  as  bred  in  the 
older  states,  have  frequently  been  sacrificed  through 
excess  of  zeal  on  the  part  of  their  advocates,  so  the 
widespread  popularity  of  the  Hereford  in  the  west 
has  not  been  without  its  unfavorable  effect  in  cer- 
tain cases  upon  the  character  of  the  " white  faces" 
produced  under  range  conditions.  So  eager  were 
herd  managers  to  establish  thoroughly  the  type  that 
had  proved  so  useful  in  their  business  that  lack  of 
care  in  selection  of  bulls  led  not  infrequently  to  de- 
terioration in  size.  The  best  registered  bulls  were, 
except  during  certain  years  of  depression,  compara- 
tively high  in  price.  Furthermore,  some  rangemen 
while  keen  judges  of  values  of  cattle  en  bloc  were 
not  formerly  expert  in  the  matter  of  what  consti- 
tuted the  cardinal  points  to  be  sought  in  an  indi- 
vidual purebred  animal.  In  too  many  cases  the  red 
coat  and  the  white  face  seemed  to  be  about  the  only 
qualifications  required.  Bone,  size,  constitution  and 
correct  conformation  were  not  always  appreciated 
or  demanded.  To  this  rule,  however,  there  were  of 
course  many  exceptions,  but  the  owners  of  regis- 
tered herds  in  the  older  states  usually  outbid  range- 
men  for  the  best  individual  cattle.  As  has  always 


Copyright    photo    by    McClure 
WHITE-FACES  ON  A   NORTHERN   RANGE. 


Copyright  photo  by  Enrin  E.  Smith 
IN  ARIZONA. 


810  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

been  the  case  with  Shorthorns,  the  refuse  of  the 
pedigree  Herefords,  not  to  mention  large  numbers 
of  grades,  went  to  the  range  along  with  a  certain 
percentage  of  good  ones.  Then  came  the  often  care- 
less piling  of  Hereford  upon  Hereford,  with  more 
or  less  disregard  of  individual  excellence,  within  the 
same  pastures  and  with  few  infusions  of  fresh  blood. 
At  this  time,  however,  there  is  a  very  general 
appreciation  of  the  fact  that  by  care  in  the  selection 
of  big  type  bulls  resort  to  other  blood  may  be 
avoided. 

In-Breeding  from  Poor  Material  Fatal. — In-and- 
in-breeding,  or  close  breeding,  is  the  greatest  po- 
tential power  for  good  in  the  whole  realm  of  animal 
breeding,  but  it  is  attended  by  good  results  only 
where  the  animals  closely  mated  are  of  a  robust  and 
desirable  individual  character.  The  doubling  of  the 
blood  of  inferior  or  weak  specimens  of  any  breed  is 
the  shortest  of  all  cuts  to  absolute  ruin.  It  is  apt 
to  intensify  faults  even  faster  than  it  fixes  good 
qualities.  Happily,  some  ranchmen  have  been  wise 
enough  to  diagnose  this  situation  and  avoid  the  pit- 
falls into  which  certain  of  their  contemporaries  fell. 
Such  criticism  as  has  been  passed  upon  some  of  the 
range-bred  Herefords  as  lacking  in  size  and  quality 
can  in  almost  every  case  be  traced  not  to  any  inher- 
ent defect  in  the  breed,  but  to  the  application  of  un- 
scientific methods  in  the  handling  of  the  blood. 

In  some  cases  where  loss  of  size  resulted  resort 
has  been  had  to  a  cross  back  to  the  Shorthorn. 
Therefore,  the  latter  breed  has  in  recent  years  been 


PROOF  PILED  ON  PROOF  811 

regaining  some  of  the  ground  it  was  forced  to  yield 
during  the  days  of  the  overcrowding  of  the  ranges 
and  the  appalling  losses  following  severe  winters. 
A  good  Shorthorn  cross  undoubtedly  tends  to  re- 
store bone,  scale  and  stretch  to  herds  that  have  lost 
in  weight,  but  it  is  a  somewhat  costly  remedy  and 
many  owners  of  big  herds  of  " white  faces"  hesi- 
tate about  incurring  the  expense  and  taking  the 
chance  of  disturbing  an  established  course.  These 
men  are  finding  that  by  the  exercise  of  care  and 
judgment,  more  particularly  in  the  matter  of  bone 
and  scale,  they  can  maintain  a  high  standard  of 
merit  through  the  use  of  good  Hereford  bulls  of  the 
right  stamp  without  admixture  of  other  blood. 

The  Open  Range  Gone. — The  open  range  is  now 
virtually  a  thing  of  the  past.  The  fencing  of  the 
land  and  the  water  has  put  the  big  outfits  out  of 
business  save  in  cases  where  they  absolutely  con- 
trol large  and  well  watered  tracts  by  purchase  or 
lease.  The  dry-farmers  and  the  home-seekers  have 
ushered  in  another  era  in  the  evolution  of  the  west, 
and  other  types  of  cattle  will  now  undoubtedly  be- 
come more  numerous  in  that  region  than  they  have 
been  in  its  recent  past.  At  the  same  time  there  can 
be  little  danger  of  the  Hereford  ever  losing  popu- 
larity in  any  land  where  the  conversion  of  grass  into 
beef  is  an  important  business. 


CHAPTER  XX. 
THE  CREST  OF  ANOTHER  WAVE. 

The  latter  day  records  of  the  Hereford  in  the 
central  west  may  fairly  be  dated  from  the  great 
Hereford  association  show  and  sale  held  at  the  Kan- 
sas City  Stock  Yards  late  in  the  autumn  of  1899,  as 
referred  to  at  the  conclusion  of  a  previous  chapter. 
The  members  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
association  at  that  time  were  Charles  Gudgell, 
Thomas  Clark  and  H.  H.  Clough.  A  special  ad- 
visory committee  as  to  the  details  of  the  proposed 
show  consisted  of  F.  A.  Nave,  John  Sparks  and 
James  A.  Funkhouser.  A  big  sale  was  also  planned, 
and  Tom  Smith,  C.  A.  Stannard  and  T.  F.  B.  Sotham 
were  named  as  a  committee  to  handle  it.  The  whole 
affair  was  a  monumental  success,  no  less  than  541 
animals  being  listed  in  the  official  catalog.  The 
prizelist  was  so  extensive  and  was  supplemented  by 
so  many  special  prizes  that  it  is  impossible  to  make 
detailed  mention  of  the  scores  of  beautifully  fitted 
prize-winners.  Hereford  quality  and  enthusiasm 
was  here  at  top  notch. 

Twenty-five  years  of  American  breeding  had 
brought  the  average  merit  of  the  show  cattle  up  to 
the  best  standards  set  by  the  English-bred  winners 
of  the  earlier  western  fairs.  Refinement  of  head 

813 


THE   CREST   OF   ANOTHER   WAVE  813 

and  horn  and  improved  hindquarters  and  thighs 
were  everywhere  in  evidence.  The  west  was  Here- 
ford-mad, and  Kansas  City  was  the  "white-face" 
capital.  The  whole  countryside  in  that  territory 
was  wild  over  the  wide-backed,  rich-fleshed,  furry- 
haired,  low-legged,  American-bred  Herefords  which 
here  presented  an  amazing  collection  of  well-nigh 
perfect  specimens  of  the  breeder's  and  feeder's  art. 

Dale  and  Armour  Rose. — Mr.  K.  B.  Armour  of 
the  Armour  Packing  Co.,  a  leading  Kansas  City 
business  man  now  keenly  interested  in  purebred 
Herefords,  gave  a  $400  challenge  cup  for  the  best 
bull  of  any  age  on  exhibition.  This  was  captured  by 
Mr.  Frank  Nave,  Attica,  Ind.,  with  Dale  66481.  Dale 
was  bred  by  Clem  Graves  of  Bunker  Hill,  Ind.,  being 
sired  by  Columbus  51875  and  out  of  Rose  Blossom,  a 
cow  bred  by  Thomas  Smith  of  Beecher,  111.,  from 
Clark's  Peerless  Wilton.  The  second  dam  was  the 
imported  cow  Blossom,  bred  by  John  Price  and 
owned  at  one  time  by  A.  C.  Eeed  of  Chicago,  who 
had  a  farm  near  Beecher.  Blossom  was  by  Auction- 
eer, a  son  of  Horace  2d.  Columbus  was  bred  by  G. 
W.  Harness,  Jr.,  of  Galveston,  Ind.,  and  was  sired 
by  Earl  of  Shadeland  41st  (by  Garfield)  out  of  Tom 
Clark's  Pet  (by  imp.  Prince  Edward  7001  of  Car- 
wardine's  breeding).  Here,  then,  was  rich  fruit 
from  the  great  Earl  &  Stuart  importation. 

Dale  was  not  a  bull  of  as  much  refinement  as  many 
of  the  others  produced  in  the  west  about  this  period, 
but  his  feeder,  James  Price,  had  not  allowed  his 
charge  to  go  hungry.  Dale  had  Garfield 's  strength 


I    <Jas.  Powell 


I  Tom  Andrews  \ 


THE   CREST   OF   ANOTHER   WAVE  815 

of  constitution  and  stood  up  nobly  to  the  test  im- 
posed. He  had  put  on  flesh  about  as  thickly  as  a 
compactly  fashioned  bovine  carcass  ever  carries, 
and  shared  with  the  heifer  Armour  Eose  the  adora- 
tion of  the  Hereford-worshipping  multitudes  that 
thronged  this  sensational  ringside  during  the  most 
memorable  week  of  American  Hereford  history  up 
to  that  date.* 

Armour  Eose  75086  was  a  very  perfect  yearling 
heifer  that  had  been  given  by  Mr.  'Armour  to  the 
promoters  of  the  Kansas  City  Coliseum  or  Conven- 
tion Hall,  a  large  structure  projected  in  the  public 
interest,  to  be  raffled  off  for  the  benefit  of  the  build- 
ing fund.  As  the  citizens  were  all  enthusiastic  over 
the  project,  thousands  of  tickets  were  disposed  of 

*The  occasional  references  made  in  these  pages  to  various 
herdsmen  prominently  identified  with  Hereford  breeding  in  the 
west  should  include  some  mention  of  another  man  whom  the 
author  has  always  held  in  high  esteem. 

George   Waters,    one    of   the    best    of   the   old-time    herdsmen, 
has  had  a  long  and  successful   experience.     He   was   born   on  Jan. 

4,  1850,  at  Barton-in-Fabis  near  Nottingham,  England,  in  the  vale 
of  the   River   Trent.      This   valley   is   noted   for   rich   pastures   that 
have  not  known   the  plow   for  many  generations.      Shorthorn   cat- 
tle  and    Leicester   sheep   and   their   grades,    and    wonderful    droves 
of  fat  bullocks  and  fat  sheep  have  roamed  those  pastures.    Waters' 
father    was    a   butcher,    and    when    George    was    ten    years    of   age 
rented  a  farm,  carrying  on  the  butchering  trade   as  well. 

On   Feb.   3,   1870,  George  left  Liverpool   for  America  on   the  S. 

5.  Nestorian  of  the  Allan  Line,  landing  at  Portland,  Me.,  and  pro- 
ceeding direct  to  Montreal.     Here  he  made  a  stay  of  one  day  and 
night,  taking  while  there  a  sleigh  ride  out  to  the  Victoria  Bridge 
and  crossing  the  St.  Lawrence  River  where   men  were  taking  out 
ice    3    feet    in    thickness.      Some    change    that,    thought    the    young 
man,  from  the  green  pastures  of  the  Midland  counties  of  old  Eng- 
land!     Leaving  Montreal   he   went   to   Guelph.      He   walked   out   to 
the  F.  W.  Stone  farm,  Moreton  Lodge.     Henry  Arkell,  a  native  of 
Gloustershire,    England,   was   then   foreman   and   manager.     George 
applied   for   work,    and   Arkell    hired    him    for   one   month.      When 
part  of  the  month  had  passed  he  was  engaged  for  the  year.     He 
worked    here    nearly    four    years.      Waters    has    always    regarded 
Arkell  as  the  best  manager  he  ever  met  in  charge   of  a  pedigree 
stock-breeding   farm. 

From  Stone's,  George  Waters  went  to  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  for  one 
season,  but  in  the  spring  of  1875  returned  to  Canada  to  handle 
John  R.  Craig's  Shorthorns  at  Burnhamthrope,  near  Toronto.  In 
the  fall  of  that  year  Craig  made  a  public  sale  of  Bates  cattle  in 
Toronto  the  day  following  a  notable  Shorthorn  convention,  and 
Waters  led  into  the  ring  38  head  of  cows,  heifers,  bulls  and  calves 


DON  CARLOS  83734,   AS  DRAWN   BY   BURK. 


LAMPLIGHTER  51834,  AS  DRAWN  BT  BURK. 


THE   CREST   OF   ANOTHER   WAVE  817 

and  the  heifer  was  drawn  by  a  lady  resident  from 
whom  Mr.  Armour  brought  her  back  for  $1,000.  She 
later  went  through  the  sale  to  Gov.  Sparks  at  $2,500, 
as  we  have  already  mentioned.  She  was  got  by 
Beau  Brummel  Jr.  65073,  of  Gudgell  &  Simpson 
breeding,  a  son  of  Beau  Brummel  51817  out  of  Pe- 
tunia 6th  by  Don  Juan  11069.  Her  dam  was  by 
Kansas  Lad  36932,  he  by  Beau  Real  out  of  Bertha 
by  Torro.  Beau  Brummel  Jr.  was  by  the  Don  Car- 
los bull  Beau  Brummel  out  of  a  cow  by  Don  Juan 
by  Anxiety  4th,  so  that  Armour  Eose  was  another 
one  of  the  many  proofs  now  coming  forward  of  the 
efficacy  of  the  in-bred  Anxiety  blood  of  that  period. 
Other  Notable  Winners.--Dale  's  chief  competitors 
at  Kansas  City  were  VanNatta's  Christopher, 
Sotham's  Thickset,  Scott  &  March's  Hesiod  29th,  W. 

that  sold  for  $52,600.  He  then  took  charge  of  A.  A.  Crane's  Here- 
fords  at  Osco,  111.  Following  this  he  was  with  F.  P.  Crane's 
Herefords  at  Independence  and  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  for  something 
like  three  years.  He  was  also  herdsman  for  Robert  Otley,  an 
old-time  Shorthorn  breeder,  for  a  short  time  at  Kewanee,  111.  He 
also  fed  for  J.  H.  Spears  at  Tallula,  111.,  at  the  time  of  his  clos- 
ing-out sale  in  Dexter  Park,  Chicago,  in  the  spring  of  1877,  going 
next  to  Minneapolis  to  handle  Col.  W.  S.  King's  Shorthorns  at 
Lyndale  Farm. 

In  1880  Waters  commenced  work  for  T.  L.  Miller,  Beecher, 
111.,  handling  first  his  purebred  flock  of  Cotswold  sheep,  but  in 
the  following  May  Mr.  Miller  decided  to  place  his  Hereford  show 
steers  and  some  young  bulls  on  exhibition  at  the  Union  Stock 
Yards  in  Chicago  and  George  was  chosen  to  handle  them.  These 
were  kept  in  the  back  part  of  a  livery  barn  on  Halsted  St.,  op- 
posite the  Transit  House  until  Miller  built  his  stable  on  Forty- 
first  St.  At  the  close  of  the  Fat  Stock  Show  the  steer  Conqueror 
was  sold  to  "Billy"  Smith  of  Detroit.  George  still  thinks  Con- 
queror was  the  best  steer  alive  and  dead  he  ever  saw.  Upon 
his  return  to  Beecher,  Mr.  Miller  having  sold  some  yearling  heif- 
ers to  W.  S.  VanNatta,  Waters  made  an  engagement  at  Fowler  and 
fed  and  showed  the  first  Herefords  brought  out  from  the  Hickory 
Grove  herd — a  yearling  herd,  two  heifer  calves  and  the  imported 
bull  Tregrehan. 

For  many  years  past  George  has  been  in  business  on  his  own 
account.  After  farming  and  stock-raising  at  Windom,  Minn.,  for 
twenty  years,  on  account  of  the  illness  of  his  wife  he  sold  out 
and  is  now  located  on  the  south  shore  of  beautiful  Lake  Pulaski 
amongst  the  butternuts,  oaks,  hard  maples,  elms  and  basswoods. 
Here  the  grey  and  red  squirrels  play  and  scamper  through  the 
trees,  and  he  lives  again  in  memory  his  boyish  days  in  the  Valley 
of  the  Trent. 


818  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

H.  Curtice's  Beau  Donald,  Mrs.  Whitman's  imp. 
Randolph,  Murray  Boocock's  imp.  Salisbury  and 
other  celebrities.  A  son  of  Dale  called  Perfection, 
that  was  also  destined  to  fame,  won  the  senior  bull 
calf  prize. 

Christopher  drew  second  to  Dale  and  was  a  fa- 
vorite with  many  for  premier  place  on  account  of 
his  superior  breed  character.  He  was  sired  by  Eu- 
reka 58549,  a  bull  of  Culbertson's  breeding  sired  by 
Kansas  Lad  out  of  The  Grove  Maid  22d  by  Grove 
3d.  The  dam  of  Christopher  was  Colurhbia,  by  the 
show  bull  Washington  out  of  Miss  Beau  Real  3d  by 
Beau  Real.  It  will  thus  be  seen  that  Mr.  VanNatta's 
great  bull  was  rich  in  the  blood  of  good  Herefords 
and  had  two  lines'  to  Beau  Real.  The  sum  of  $5,000 
was  refused  for  him  during  the  week,  and  one  of  his 
calves,  the  bull  Aaron,  was  bought  at  auction  a  few 
days  later  at  $1,950.  Sotham's  Thickset,  for  which 
$5,000  had  been  declined  earlier  in  the  season,  was 
third.  Hesiod  29th  came  next  and  Beau  Donald 
fifth.  Beau  Donald  was  in  his  sixth  year.  He  had 
been  bought  by  Mr.  Curtice  from  H.  B.  Watts  of 
Fayette,  Mo.,  and  was  a  rare  stamp  of  a  good  sire — 
full  of  character  and  quality.  He  was  by  Beau 
Brummel  out  of  Donna  by  Anxiety  4th,  and  proved 
one  of  the  greatest  sires  in  Hereford  history. 

The  female  classes  at  this  show  were  real  revela- 
tions. From  the  aged  cows,  including  Nave's  Dolly 
5th — first  and  champion — down  to  the  junior  calves 
the  bloom  and  beauty  of  the  matrons  and  heifers 
supplied  ample  proof  that  in  the  hands  of  the  en- 


CHRISTOPHER   44565,    BRED   BY   WM.    S.   VANNATTA   &  SON. 


IMP.    MARCH    ON    76035,    FROM    PALMER'S    DRAWING. 


820  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

thusiastic  western  breeders  of  that  day  the  good  ma- 
terial that  had  been  transferred  so  lavishly  from 
English  to  American  pastures  in  the  preceding  years 
had  been  wisely  utilized.  Mr.  Stannard  was  coming 
strong  at  Sunny  Slope  and  had  second  prize  in  cows 
on  the  big  Lady  Matchless  2d  by,  the  Don  Carlos 
bull  Pride  of  the  Clan.  VanNatta's  Clodia,  by 
Cherry  Boy  out  of  Clover  4th  by  Parmelee  's  Anxiety 
4th,  was  third.  Sotham  came  next  with  Lady  Charm- 
ing, by  Corrector  out  of  Cherry  24th  by  Cedric,  of 
which  cow  we  wrote  at  the  time  that  she  possesses 
"beautiful  character,  the  sweet  head  and  clean 
throttle  that  are  characteristic  of  the  Weavergrace 
cattle,  and  that  furry  coat  of  yellow-red  hair,  as  mel- 
low-looking as  a  ripened  peach,  that  has  come  to  be 
the  trade-mark  of  the  Correctors. " 

Tom  Clark's  massive  Everest,  by  Lars  out  of  Jes- 
sie Clark  2d  by  Anxiety  3d,  led  the  two-year-olds, 
followed  by  Sotham 's  brown-eyed  beauty  Benison, 
Clark's  Winona,  also  by  Lars,  and  Gudgell  & 
Simpson 's  great  heifer  Mischievous  by  Lamplighter. 
Nave's  Carnation,  by  the  Shadeland  bull  Acrobat 
out  of  Erica  51st  by  Garfield,  won  in  yearlings.  The 
same  exhibitor  got  first  in  senior  heifer  calves  with 
Theressa  by  Dale. 

Nave  also  won  the  grand  herd  prize,  with  Sotham 
second,  Clark  third  and  Gudgell  &  Simpson  fourth. 
The  victorious  Indiana  cattle  again  scored  in  the 
young  herd  competition.  The  produce-of-cow  prize 
fell  to  Clark  and  the  get-of-bull  award  went  to 
Sotham 's  Correctors. 


THE   CREST   OF   ANOTHER   WAVE  821 

Excess  Fat  vs.  Real  Bloom. — "The  Breeders'  Ga- 
zette "  special  for  "herd  shown  in  best  bloom "  was 
sent  by  the  Shorthorn  judges  who  decided  the  con- 
test to  Mr.  Nave's  heavily  conditioned  cattle  with 
Dale  at  their  head — an  award  which  was  commented 
upon  at  the  time  by  the  author  of  this  volume  in  the 
following  language: 

"The  prize  offered  by  the  publishers  of  'The  Ga- 
zette' for  herds  shown  in  the  best  bloom  was  award- 
ed by  agreement  of  Messrs.  Leonard  and  Dustin  to 
the  lots  shown  by  Messrs.  Nave,  Sotham  and  Clark 
in  the  order  named.  In  view  of  the  fact  that  'The 
Gazette'  has  persistently  deprecated  the  awarding 
of  prizes  in  breeding  rings  to  cattle  burdened  with 
excessive  fat,  and  as  this  prize  was  offered  largely 
with  a  view  towards  encouraging  those  who  do  not 
approve  of  extreme  obesity  in  these  contests,  it  had 
been  generally  believed  by  those  who  clearly  under- 
stood our  purpose  that  the  herd  headed  by  Dale 
would  be  regarded  as  rather  too  rich  to  receive  this 
recognition.  The  meat  of  our  definition  of  show- 
yard  bloom  was  to  be  found  in -the  clause  which  stip- 
ulated that  there  must  be  'ample  evidence  of  the 
fact  that  the  bringing  out  of  the  beast  in  suitable 
showyard  form  has  probably  not  threatened  its 
physical  well  being. '  Without  questioning  the  right 
of  Mr.  Nave 's  thoroughly  trained  cattle  to  win  in  the 
regular  competitions  under  existing  standards  of 
showyard  judging,  we  do  not  believe  that  any  expe- 
rienced breeder  will  contend  that  breeding  cattle 
can  be  brought  to  such  ripeness  for  the  block  with- 
out threatening  seriously  their  future  usefulness. 

"We  have  scarcely  read  the  history  of  cattle- 
breeding  correctly,  however,  if  we  accept  a  herd  of 
cattle  in  that  condition  as  presenting  what  a  breeder 


822  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

should  regard  as  bloom.  We  respectfully  refer 
those  who  hold  to  the  contrary  to  the  history  of 
Warlaby.  The  annals  of  cattle-breeding  afford  no 
more  striking  example  of  the  deadly  effects  of  ex- 
cessive fat  to  breeding  stock  than  is  afforded  by  the 
decline  of  merit  and  fertility  of  the  celebrated  Booth 
Shorthorn  herd  that  once  dominated  the  showyards 
of  all  Britain.  To  those  who  have  given  this  matter 
special  study  there  could  be  but  little  question  that 
Mr.  Sotham's  Herefords  were  forwarded  in  a  more 
practical  working  condition.  We  are  aware  that 
there  is  some  difference  of  opinion,  and  a  lot  of  mis- 
understanding as  to  what  really  constitutes  bloom 
in  the  showring.  There  is  evidently  a  considerable 
lack  of  information  upon  that  subject  in  cattle- 
breeding  circles.  If,  therefore,  the  offering  of  these 
prizes  by  'The  Gazette'  at  this  show  shall  have 
served  to  call  attention  to  this  highly  important  sub- 
ject, and  shall  direct  the  thoughts  of  breeders  and 
exhibitors  towards  a  study  of  the  matter  of  putting 
a  reasonable  limit  upon  feeding  for  breeding  shows, 
they  will  have  served  the  purpose  for  which  they 
were  provided.  The. question  of  who  won  and  who 
lost  in  this  particular  case  is  wholly  swallowed  up 
in  the  broader  considerations  involved  in  the  main 
proposition/' 

More  Money  for  Shows. — At  the  annual  meeting 
of  the  Hereford  association  at  Chicago  on  Nov.  21, 
1899,  Mr.  Sotham  presided  in  the  absence  of  Presi- 
dent K.  B.  Armour  and  was  elected  President  for 
the  succeeding  year.  The  report  of  the  executive 
committee  was  a  glowing  one.  The  tide  of  prosper- 
ity was  flowing  high.  The  sum  of  $15,000  was  ap- 
propriated to  be  offered  as  prizes  for  Herefords  at 
the  shows  of  1900.  The  Kansas  City  event  was  to 


JESSAMINE,    BRED   AND   SHOWN    BY   THOS.    CLARK.— Drawn  by   Throop. 


HESIOD    2D    40679,    BRED    BY    GEO.    W.    HENRY    AND    USED    BY    JAS.    A. 
FUNKHOUSER— Drawing   by    Palmer. 


824  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

be  repeated,  $2,000  was  matched  against  a  like 
amount  to  be  offered  by  the  Minnesota  State  Fair 
management,  and  $5,000  was  set  aside  for  a  pro- 
posed new  show  at  Chicago. 

The  International  Projected. — For  some  years 
leading  stockmen  had  hoped  that  a  truly  national, 
and  indeed  international,  exhibition  might  be  estab- 
lished at  some  central  point  in  the  middle  west. 
There  came  into  this  field  about  this  time  a  combina- 
tion of  circumstances  that  resulted  in  a  realization 
of  this  dream. 

Arthur  G.  Leonard,  a  man  of  action,  a  man  who 
deservedly  had  the  confidence  of  his  superior  officer, 
John  A.  Spoor,  was  at  the  time  General  Manager  of 
the  Chicago  Union  Stock  Yards.  He  had  at  his  side 
as  his  general  agent  at  this  date  William  E.  Skinner, 
a  man  of  vision  who  had  the  confidence  of  American 
stockmen.  The  time,  the  place,  the  men  and  the 
money  were  now  in  conjunction.  A  general  meeting 
was  called  at  Chicago  for  Nov.  24, 1899,  and  was  well 
attended  by  representatives  of  the  various  stock 
yard  and  stock-breeding  interests.  The  International 
Live  Stock  Exposition  Association  was  formed,  and 
the  first  week  of  December,  1900,  fixed  as  the  date 
for  the  initial  show.  The  committee  on  rules,  regu- 
lations and  classification  consisted  of  Alvin  H.  San- 
ders, chairman;  T.  F.  B.  Sotham,  representing  cat- 
tle breeders;  A.  J.  Lovejoy,  representing  swine 
breeders;  G.  Howard  Davison,  representing  sheep 
breeders;  E.  B.  Ogilvie,  representing  horse  breed- 
ers, and  D.  0.  Lively,  representing  fat  stock  owners. 


THE   CREST   OF   ANOTHER   WAVE  825 

Dawn  of  the  Twentieth  Century.— The  year  1900 
came  in  with  the  general  enthusiasm  unabated,  albeit 
an  element  of  speculation  had  been  creeping  into  the 
trade  that  was  causing  some  anxiety  to  those  who 
prefer  conservative  growth  and  moderate  prices 
to  so-called  "  booms. " 

Out  in  Nebraska  William  Humphrey  was  running 
1,100  head  of  registered  Hereford  cattle,  the  herd 
being  under  the  management  of  Capt.  E.  C.  Scarlett. 
Down  at  Albany,  Mo.,  Charles  G.  Comstock  had 
built  up  at  his  Grandview  Farm  "the  largest  Here- 
ford breeding  establishment  east  of  the  Missouri 
Eiver. "  Gudgell  &  Simpson,  Funkhouser,  Sotham, 
Cornish  &  Patten,  K.  B.  Armour,  Benton  Gabbert 
&  Son,  Dr.  Jas.  E.  Logan,  0.  Harris,  H.  C.  Tay- 
lor &  Son,  N.  Kirtley,  C.  B.  Smith,  "Hamp"  Watts, 
John  B.  Bell,  Miller  &  Balch,  T.  H.  Pugh,  W.  J. 
Boney  &  Son  and  many  others  were  vying  with  one 
another  in  upholding  the  colors  of  the  Hereford  in 
the  state  of  Missouri.  Mr.  Armour  was  bringing 
over  100  head  more  from  England.  Kansas  City 
was  the  center  of  activity,  for  it  was  there  that  the 
corn  states  and  the  range  met  most  frequently  in 
the  course  of  the  transaction  of  the  business  of 
transferring  Herefords  to  the  ranchmen  now  clamor- 
ing for  white-faced  bulls. 

A  Hereford-Shorthorn  Alliance. — The  executive 
committee  of  the  Hereford  association  met  in  Chi- 
cago early  in  January,  1900,  to  plan  the  year's  show- 
yard  campaign.  The  directors  of  the  Shorthorn 
association  were  in  session  at  the  same  time.  The 


826  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

latter  had  been  so  impressed  by  the  big  Hereford 
demonstration  at  Kansas  City  on  the  preceding  No- 
vember that  they  decided  to  hold  a  Shorthorn  show 
at  the  same  place  during  the  fall  of  1900.  This  led 
to  a  conference  with  the  Hereford  committeemen 
which  resulted  in  an  agreement  to  hold  both  shows 
at  the  same  time  and  place.  This  action  was  signifi- 
cant of  the  fact  that  the  Shorthorn  breeders  not  only 
realized  the  necessity  for  more  aggressive  methods 
in  presenting  the  claims  of  their  cattle  for  public 
consideration,  but  that  they  had  full  confidence  in 
the  ability  of  the  Shorthorn  exhibitors  to  show  cattle 
of  a  modern  type  that  would  not  suffer  by  close  com- 
parison with  the  best  Herefords.  Both  associations 
likewise  agreed  to  get  behind  their  respective  classes 
at  the  new  Chicago  International. 

Spring  Sales. — About  200  head  of  cattle  were  put 
up  at  auction  at  Kansas  City  on  March  1,  1900,  and 
brought  an  average  of  $331.80.  These  were  from  the 
herds  of  Stannard,  Sotham,  VanNatta  &  Son  and 
Scott  &  March.  The  feature  of  this  series  was  the 
offering  of  the  show  bull  Thickset,  generally  re- 
garded as  the  best  Sotham  had  ever  bred,  and  he  fell 
to  the  bidding  of  William  Humphrey  at  $5,100.  The 
Stanton  Breeding  Farm  of  Nebraska  took  another 
son  of  Corrector,  Grandee,  at  $1,500,  and  Sir  Come- 
well,  another  good  son  of  the  same  bull,  was  taken 
by  Humphrey  at  $1,000.  Sotham 's  lot  of  50  head 
averaged  $454.70.  On  March  20  and  21,  1900,  Gud- 
gell  &  Simpson  and  H.  H.  Clough  sold  99  head  of 
cattle  at  Independence,  Mo.,  for  an  average  of 


BEAU    BRUMMEL   51817,    AS   DRAWN    BY   BURK. 


COLUMBUS  51875,   AS  DRAWN   BY  HILLS. 


828  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

$259.15.  A  lot  of  good  blood  went  out  from  this  sale 
to  the  western  ranges,  Col.  Torrey,  John  Scharbauer 
and  other  western  men  being  free  buyers. 

On  April  25  and  26  Armour,  Funkhouser,  Dr.  Lo- 
gan and  John  Sparks  sold  115  head  at  Kansas  City 
at  an  average  of  $283.50.  Cattle  were  bought  here 
for  several  leading  range  outfits  including  the  Adair 
and  Whitman  herds.  George  Tamblyn  gave  $1,000 
for  the  imported  cow  Prudence. 

Death  of  T.  L.  Miller.— Although  Mr.  Miller's*  ex- 
traordinary personal  activities  in  behalf  of  the 
Herefords  ceased  around  1885,  he  nevertheless  con- 
tinued to  take  a  deep  interest  in  their  success.  In 
his  latter  years  he  spent  much  of  his  time  at  De 
Funiak  Springs,  Fla.,  at  which  place  he  died  on 
March  15,  1900.  His  remains  were  brought  to  Chi- 
cago for  burial,  and  he  sleeps  the  long  sleep  in  the 
sylvan  shades  of  Graceland.  He  had  lived  to  see  his 
faith  in  the  white-faced  cattle  shared  by  a  majority 
of  all  the  cattle-owners  on  the  western  range  and  a 
tidal  wave  of  prosperity  sweeping  over  the  Here- 
ford-breeding business  of  the  cornbelt. 

At  a  meeting  of  the  American  Hereford  Associa- 
tion held  at  Chicago  in  December,  1901,  a  resolution 
of  respect  to  his  memory  was  unanimously  adopted, 
in  the  course  of  which  the  following  language  was 
employed : 

*In  this  connection  it  should  be  noted  that  Mr.  T.  E.  Miller, 
son  of  the  great  western  promoter  of  the  breed,  was  for  a  num- 
ber of  years  identified  with  his  father's  cattle-breeding  opera- 
tions at  Beecher,  maintaining  at  one  time  a  herd  of  his  own.  He 
is  now  engaged  in  business  in  the  city  of  Chicago,  and  the  author 
hereby  acknowledges  his  indebtedness  to  him  for  information  sup- 
plied in  connection  with  various  transactions. 


THE   CREST   OF   ANOTHER   WAVE  829 

"We  freely  and  unhesitatingly  accord  to  him  the 
position  of  originator  and  leader  in  the  propaganda 
of  the  Hereford  in  America;  and  to  his  enterprise 
and  courage  is  largely  due  the  position  the  Here- 
fords  have  attained  in  this  country. " 

Dale  Sold  for  $7,500.— High-water  mark  up  to  that 
date  in  the  way  of  prices  was  recorded  at  Chicago 
on  April  17  and  18,  1900,  when  Mr.  F.  A.  Nave  sold 
96  head  of  Herefords,  including  his  show  herd,  at 
the  record-breaking  average  of  $671.  The  champion 
Dale  was  taken  by  his  breeder,  Clem  Graves  of 
Bunker  Hill,  Ind.,  at  $7,500.  0.  Harris  paid  $3,000 
each  for  the  young  cows  Theressa  and  Kussett, 
$l;000  for  the  heifer  calf  Sister  Theressa,  and  $1,400 
for  the  imported  bull  Bruce.  William  Humphrey  got 
the  imported  bull  Viscount  Rupert  at  $3,100.  Tom 
Clark  paid  $1,300  for  Perfection.  Graves  gave  $2,600 
for  imp.  Lady  Help,  $2,100  for  Dolly  5th,  and  $1,600 
for  Carnation.  J.  C.  Adams,  Moweaqua,  111.,  took 
Melley  May  at  $1,000. 

The  day  following  the  conclusion  of  this  sensa- 
tional event  Tom  C.  Ponting,  Moweaqua,  111.,  sold 
61  head  at  his  farm  for  an  average  of  $243,  the  young 
Corrector  cow  Blendress  bringing  $1,010  from  Jesse 
Adams  of  Moweaqua. 

Kansas  City's  Dual  Show  of  1900.— The  Here- 
ford-Shorthorn show  at  Kansas  City  under  the  joint 
management  of  the  two  organizations  was  a  huge 
success.  At  the  Hereford  show  of  1899  Shorthorn 
breeders  of  distinction  had  been  called  to  place  the 
prizes,  but  on  this  occasion  resort  was  had  to  talent 
within  the  :*anks.  The  committee  to  award  the  class 


THE   CREST   OF   ANOTHER   WAVE  831 

% 

prizes  proper  consisted  of  the  veteran  importer  and 
breeder  William  Powell,  W.  A.  Morgan  of  Kansas 
and  W.  M.  Atkinson  of  New  Mexico. 

The  show  was  even  greater  than  that  of  the  year 
before,  surpassing  in  quality  anything  yet  seen  in 
the  Hereford  section  of  any  American  show.  In 
fact,  the  English  Royal  has  probably  seen  no  better 
show  cattle  than  the  season  of  1900  developed  in  the 
middle  west. 

In  the  bull  classes  there  was  a  fine  specimen  of 
latter-day  British  breeding  presented  by  "Tom" 
Sotham,  who  was  a  great  student  and  close  analyst  of 
Hereford  pedigrees.  His  able  and  intelligent  herd 
manager,  Edward  J.  Taylor,*  had  spent  the  summer 

*Edward  J.  Taylor  was  born  at  Stansbatch,  Herefordshire,  in 
1866.  His  father,  John  Taylor,  collected  and  sucessfully  bred  a 
very  useful  herd  of  Herefords  and  one  of  the  best  flocks  of  Shrop- 
shire sheep  in  the  country,  and  as  chairman  of  the  Kington  Stud 
Co.  did  much  to  improve  the  class'  of  Shire  horses  in  that  section. 
John  Taylor  had  assisted  in  the  building  up  of  the  famous  herd 
of  S.  Robinson  of  Lynhales  and  he  personally  selected  all  the 
foundation  females  of  the  afterwards  noted  herd  of  R.  Green  of 
The  Whittern.  While  in  quest  of  these,  and  also  at  home,  young 
Edward  had  the  benefit  of  his  father's  advice,  and  sound  judg- 
ment, accompanying  him  to  such  noted  sales  as  Chadnor  Court, 
The  Leen,  Stocktonbury,  etc.  In  1876  the  father  removed  from 
Stansbatch  to  Elsdon,  a  farm  of  some  400  acres  adjoining  Lyn- 
hales and  owned  by  Mr.  Robinson,  where  he  remained  until  fail- 
ing health  compelled  him  to  relinquish  business. 

"Ed"  came  to  America  in  1888,  accompanying  a  small  but 
select  importation  of  heifers  for  Merrill  &  Fifield  of  Bay  City, 
Mich.,  and  remaining  in  charge  of  their  herd  between  three  and 
four  years.  He  afterwards  became  associated  with  the  Rock- 
land  herd  of  H.  H.  Clough,  Elyria,  O.  In  the  spring  of  1893  he 
was  commissioned  by  Mr.  Clough  to  return  to  England  and  im- 
port a  bull  and  two  females  to  augment  his  already  formidable 
herd  for  the  World's  Fair  at  Chicago.  Speaking  of  this  event 
Mr.  Taylor  says: 

"I  shall  never  forget  the  beam  on  Mr.  Clough's  countenance 
as  he  sized  up  Ancient  Briton  when  I  led  him  off  the  boat  onto 
the  dock  in  New  York.  He  said,  'Ed,  he's  all  right!'  It  was  a 
proud  day  for  both  of  us  when  he  landed  as  champion  at  the 
Columbian." 

After  Mr.  Clough's  dispersion  sale  Taylor  went  to  Troy,  Pa., 
and  fitted  a  herd  for  George  O.  Holcomb,  showing  them  success- 
fully on  the  eastern  circuit.  Mr.  Goodwin,  of  "The  Breeder's  Ga- 
zette," commenting  on  the  Hereford  exhibit  at  the  New  York 
State  Fair,  said,  in  part: 

"A  few  years  ago  we  remarked  in  a  report  of  this  fair  that 


832  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

of  1898  in  his  native  land,  and  acting  under  instruc- 
tions' selected  and  shipped  out  to  Weavergrace  the 
young  bull  Improver  94020,  of  Arkwright's  breed- 
ing, for  which  $1,500  was  paid.  He  was  sired  by  the 
Royal  champion  Red  Cross,  and  was  descended  all- 
around  from  long  lines  of  prize-winners.  The  bull 
was  brought  into  competition  at  the  Kansas  City 
show  with  the  best  products  of  American  breeding, 
and  while  much  admired  for  his  forward  finish  and 
his  width  and  depth,  he  suffered  somewhat  by  com- 
parison with  the  best  American  bulls  when  it  came 
to  a  rear-end  examination.  Nevertheless  he  had  met 
on  the  state  fair  circuit  and  defeated  such  redoubt- 
able champions  as  Dale,  Christopher  and  Dandy  Rex 
71689,  Gudgell  &  Simpson's  great  son  of  Lamp- 
lighter. But  upon  this  occasion  Dandy  Rex  won, 
with  Improver  second,  Dale  third  and  Christopher 
fourth. 

The  sensational  young  bull  of  the  year  was  the 
yearling  Perfection  92891,  a  son  of  Dale,  bred  by 
Frank  Nave  and  sold  to  Thomas  Clark,  by  whom  he 
was  exhibited  at  this  Kansas  City  show.  Benton 
Gabbert,  who  bred  a  lot  of  good  Herefords,  includ- 
ing Columbus,  the  sire  of  Dale,  had  second  here  on 
Columbus  17th. 


Mr.  George  O.  Holcomb  needed  to  introduce  his  Herefords  to  corn. 
He  made  judicious  purchases  at  Shadeland,  but  they  lacked  the 
finish  afforded  by  feed  when  set  before  the  public.  He  has  thor- 
oughly learned  the  lesson  of  showyard  fitting,  and  his  herd  as 
seen  on  this  occasion  was  one  of  the  best-fitted  which  has  ever 
come  under  our  review,  and  would  rank  well  up  in  any  compe- 
tition." 

In  the  fall  of  1894  Taylor  assumed  the  management  of  the 
Weavergrace  herd  of  T.  F.  B.  Sotham.  He  remained  at  Weaver- 
grace  until  1902  when  he  purchased  his  present  farm  home  at 
Fremont,  Mich.,  where  he  still  maintains  a  small  herd  of  his 
favorites. 


THE   CREST   OF   ANOTHER   WAVE  833 

The  cows  were  headed  by  VanNatta's  Columbine 
after  a  hard  battle  against  such  marvels  as  Dolly 
5th,  Benison,  Dolly  2d,  Everest,  Mischievous  and 
Lady  Charming.  In  heifers  Gudgell  &  Simpson 
turned  out  a  most  extraordinary  lot,  in  all  of  which 
the  Anxiety  blood  was  double-distilled.  Such  speci- 
mens as  Blanche  13th,  the  two-year-old  winner,  and 
Modesty,  a  senior  yearling  winner,  both  by  Beau 
Brummel,  such  heifers  as  Sophronisba  and  Dorana 
3d  by  Lamplighter,  and  above  all  such  a  wonder  as 
the  junior  yearling  winner  Mischief  Maker,  by  Mil- 
itant out  of  Mischievous,  and  Cleopatra  by  same 
sire,  have  never  been  surpassed  in  one  year  by  any 
one  establishment.  When  to  these  are  added  the 
heifer  calves  Honora  2d,  Miss  Caprice,  Donna  Ada, 
Bright  Duchess  32d,  Silver  Lining  5th  and  Gipsy 
Lady,  all  prize-takers  in  this  phenomenal  exhibition, 
little  more  need  be  said  of  the  success  attending  the 
concentration  of  Anxiety  blood  by  this  firm.  Mis- 
chievous and  Mischief  Maker  were  declared  best 
cow-and-calf  in  the  show.  The  special  for  best  cow- 
and-two-calves  was  won  by  the  same  pair  with  Miss 
Caprice  added.  The  special  for  best  pair  of  year- 
ling bulls  fell  to  the  same  herd  on  Patrolman  and 
Donald  Dhu,  and  the  ribbon  for  best  pair  of  year- 
ling heifers  went  to  Mischief  Maker  and  Modesty. 

Fall  Sales  of  1900.— During  the  Minnesota  State 
Fair  in  September  117  head  were  sold  at  auction 
for  an  average  of  $188,  the  53  females  averaging 
$208.  During  the  Kansas  City  show  in  October  185 
head  were  sold  at  an  average  of  $320,  Mr.  Gab- 


834  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

bert's  Columbus  17th  going  to  Frank  Rockefeller 
for  $5,050.  C.  B.  Smith  paid  $1,025  for  the  Ar- 
mour yearling  heifer  Saint  Justina.  On  Nov.  9  the 
Elmendorf  herd  was  closed  out  at  Omaha,  the  66 
head  offered  commanding  an  average  of  $207.  On 
Dec.  11  and  12  at  Kansas  City  Messrs.  Armour  and 
Funkhouser  disposed  of  106  head  at  an  average  of 
$350,  Frank  Rockefeller  giving  $1,125  for  imp. 
Busybody  and  $1,025  for  Beau  Real's  Maid.  At 
Chicago  while  the  initial  International  was  in  prog- 
ress 95  head  sold  for  an  average  of  $419,  Moffatt 
Bros,  paying  $3,500  for  VanNatta's  March  On 
13th,  C.  A.  Jamison  $3,150  for  Clem  Graves'  Dolly 
5th  and  J.  C.  Adams  $2,800  for  Lady  Help. 

The  First  International. — The  Kansas  City  show, 
reinforced  by  contributions  from  other  herds  in; 
the  States  and  Canada,  was  repeated  at  the  formal 
opening  of  the  International  Live  Stock  Exposition 
at  Chicago  the  first  week  in  December,  1900. 

Dandy  Rex  headed  the  aged  bulls  again,  with 
Dale,  Improver  and  Christopher  following  in  the 
order  .named.  Dale  was  made  senior  champion, 
however,  later  in  the  week.  C.  G.  Comstock's 
Gentry  Lars,  son  of  Clark's  old  champion  Lars, 
headed  the  two-year-olds,  and  0.  Harris  of  Harris, 
Mo.,  had  second  on  Goodenough  by  Benjamin  Wil- 
ton. Perfection  again  led  the  yearlings,  and  Soth- 
am's  Thickflesh,  by  Corrector,  was  best  senior  bull 
calf. 

Columbine  again  beat  Dolly  5th  in  aged  cows, 
although  the  latter  was  subsequently  made  senior 


THE   CREST   OF   ANOTHER   WAVE  835 

female  champion.  Harris  forged  to  the  front  in 
two-year-olds  with  the  Benjamin  Wilton  heifer  Betty 
2d.  This  grand  heifer  had  been  first  at  Hamline  and 
many  thought  she  should  have  beaten  Blanche  13th 
at  Kansas  City.  She  was  certainly  a  popular  winner 
at  the  International.  Modesty  held  down  the  senior 
yearlings,  and  Mischief  Maker  turned  the  same 
trick  among  the  juniors.  Lady  Dewdrop,  from  the 
Harris  stalls,  was  best  senior  heifer  calf. 

Gudgell  &  Simpson  won  the  grand  herd  prize 
over  Dale  and  his  harem.  The  Anxieties  also  drew 
the  young  herd  trophy.  Sotham's  Correctors  won 
the  get-of-sire  contest. 

The  Big  Trade  of  1901.— Sotham  opened  the  suc- 
cessful sale  season  of  1901  by  selling  50  head  at 
Kansas  City  on  Jan.  21  at  an  average  of  $423.50. 
the  26  females  bringing  an  average  of  $477.  Clem 
Graves  paid  $1,080  for  the  Corrector  heifer  Happi- 
ness. On  the  succeeding  day  Mr.  Humphrey  sold 
70  head  from  his  Eiverside  herd  in  Nebraska  at  an 
average  of  $344.50,  Mr.  Benton  Gabbert  giving 
$1,275  for  the  cow  Erica  78th.  At  a  combination 
sale  held  at  same  place  on  Jan.  23  Clem  Graves  sold 
19  head  at  an  average  of  $584.20,  Mr.  J.  C.  Adams 
taking  the  cow  Columbia  at  $1,000,  and  the  heifers 
Columbia  2d  and  Carnation  at  $1,325  and  $3,700 
respectively.  At  these  sales  near  200  head  brought 
an  average  of  $380. 

On  Feb.  19  and  20  K.  B.  Armour  and  James  A. 
Funkhouser  sold  104  head  at  Kansas  City  at  an 
average  of  $257.  On  Feb.  26  and  27  a  combination 


836  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD  CATTLE 

sale  was  held  at  Kansas  City  by  Gudgell  &  Simp- 
son, C.  A.  Stannard,  Scott  &  March  and  W.  S.  Van- 
Natta  at  which  202  head  averaged  $294.30,  Gudgell 
&  Simpson  topping  the  sale  with  an  average  of 
$383.50  on  45  head.  Mr.  VanNatta  bought  the  cow 
Cleopatra  at  $1,010  and  B.  E.  Keyt  took  the  bull 
Pretorian  at  $1,000.  On  May  21  at  a  combination 
sale  at  Chicago  N.  W.  Bowen  of  Indiana  bid  off 
Dolly  2d  and  her  heifer  calf  at  $5,000,  and  Belle  of 
Maplewood  3d  at  $1,900,  both  exposed  by  John 
Hooker.  The  average  on  98  head  was  $343. 

Among  the  important  private  transactions  in  the 
spring  of  1901  was  the  purchase  in  England  by  Mr. 
Frank  Nave  of  the  four-year-old  prize-winning  bull 
Protector  at  $6,000  and  his  importation  to  Indiana. 
Protector  was  bred  by  Allen  Hughes  of  Wintercott 
and  was  a  rich-fleshed  deep-bodied  bull  got  by  Al- 
bion (15027)  out  of  a  cow  by  Rudolph.  Capt. 
"Ned"  Scarlett,  in  charge  of  the  Riverside  Ranch, 
Ashland,  Neb.,  sold  to  C.  A.  Jamison  of  Illinois 
the  imported  bull  Diplomat  and  a  large  number  of 
females.  Diplomat  met  with  an  accident,  however, 
and  lived  but  one  year  thereafter. 

During  the  first  five  months  of  1901  nearly  10,000 
registered  Herefords  changed  hands  at  public  and 
private  sale.  About  1,000  of  these  went  into  Texas 
alone,  and  some  2,000  head  were  taken  by  Wyoming, 
Montana,  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  Utah,  Nevada  and 
Oklahoma. 

In  October  135  head  from  various  herds  sold  at 
Kansas  City  for  an  average  of  $253.25,  William 


THE   CREST   OF   ANOTHER   WAVE  837 

Humphrey  paying  $1,005  for  Mr.  Armour 's  imp. 
Southington  and  C.  B.  Stoll  of  Hamburg,  la.,  the 
same  price  for  Beau  Donald  37th.  During  the  first 
week  of  December  96  head  sold  at  Chicago  at  an  av- 
erage of  $380,  J.  C.  Adams  taking  out  Harris*  show 
cow  Betty  2d  at  $4,500,  the  Stanton  Farm  being 
runner-up. 

Tom  Ponting  Closes  Out. — An  important  private 
transaction  of  the  year  1901  was  the  sale  of  some- 
thing over  200  head  of  cattle  by  Tom  Ponting,  Mo- 
weaqua,  111.,  to  William  Humphrey,  Ashland,  Neb., 
at  $35,000.  This  practically  marked  the  close  of  Mr. 
Ponting 's  career  as  a  breeder  of  pedigree  "  white 
faces."  While  he  had  never  made  any  particular 
effort  to  force  himself  or  his  herd  into  the  limelight, 
he  nevertheless  contribtued  in  a  very  practical  way 
for  a  long  series  of  years  to  the  successful  extension 
of  Hereford  breeding  throughout  the  western  states. 
Mr.  Ponting  was  born  in  England  in  1824,  came  out 
to  the  States  in  1847,  and  engaged  in  the  Hereford 
business  in  1878.  He  made  his  first  importation  in 
1882,  buying  several  head  at  the  Carwardine  sale. 
He  at  one  time  imported  three  head  of  the  old  gray 
sort  from  J.  G.  Haynes  of  Monmouthshire.  At  this 
writing  (1914)  Mr.  Ponting  is  still  living  at  the  ripe 
old  age  of  ninety  years. 

Death  of  K.  B.  Armour.— On  June  27,  1901,  Kirk- 
land  Brooks  Armour,  one  of  the  strongest  support- 
ers the  Hereford  interests  had  in  the  west,  passed 
away  while  yet  in  the  prime  of  a  busy  and  emi- 
nently useful  life.  His  first  introduction  to  Here- 


838  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

fords  was  through  the  gift  of  a  fine  collection  of 
purebred  cows  made  by  his  uncle,  the  late  P.  D.  Ar- 
mour of  Chicago.  The  latter  had  bought  a  very 
valuable  group  of  cows  and  heifers,  full  of  Grove 
3d  and  Lord  Wilton  blood,  from  his  friend  Mr.  C. 
M.  Culbertson,  Newman,  111.,  intending  them  as  an 
attraction  for  a  country  place  owned  by  P.  D.  Ar- 
mour, Jr.  This  young  man  showed  no  special  fond- 
ness for  the  cattle,  however,  and  on  this  account 
they  were  shipped  to  Kansas  City  to  the  Excelsior 
Farm  of  K.  B.  Armour.  Here  they  met  with  ade- 
quate appreciation,  and  with  the  general  revival  of 
interest  in  cattle-breeding  Mr.  Armour  resolved 
to  materially  enlarge  and  strengthen  the  herd.  He 
became  a  heavy  buyer  of  high-class  breeding  ani- 
mals from  nearly  all  of  the  leading  herds  of  the 
United  States,  and  later  on  began  a  series  of  im- 
portations from  Herefordshire,  England,  that  cul- 
minated in  the  shipment  of  nearly  300  head  which 
landed  in  Baltimore  during  the  summer  of  1901. 
In  this  work  he  had  the  active  personal  assistance 
of  two  of  his  most  trusted  employes,  Mr.  William 
Cummings  and  Mr.  Frank  Hastings. 

Kirk  B.  Armour 's  brother,  Charles  W.  Armour, 
succeeded  to  his  Hereford  interests  and  for  a  long 
series  of  years  continued  to  maintain  a  large  herd 
near  Kansas  City.  On  Dec.  10  and  11,  1901,  the 
Armour  estate  and  Mr.  Funkhouser  made  a  sale  at 
Kansas  City,  at  which  110  head  averaged  $338. 

Important  Contests  of  1901. — Interest  in  the  big 
shows  of  1901  centered  largely  in  the  competition 


THE   CREST   OF   ANOTHER   WAVE  839 

for  premier  place  among  the  aged  bulls.  Sotham's 
Improver  was  sent  forward  in  considerably  higher 
condition  than  he  showed  during  the  previous  year 
and  made  his  first  appearance  at  the  Iowa  State 
Fair,  Des  Hoines,  where  he  received  the  blue  rib- 
bon with  limited  competition.  The  Minnesota  show 
at  Hamline  was  in  those  days  one  of  the  most  im- 
portant events  of  the  year  in  Hereford  circles,  and 
here  the  imported  bull  had  to  meet  Gudgell  &  Simp- 
son 's  Dandy  Rex.  Victory  rested  in  this  first  en- 
counter with  Dandy  Rex,  and  in  the  class  competi- 
tion at  Kansas  City  later  on  this  verdict  met  with 
the  approval  of  William  S.  VanNatta  and  Thomas 
Mortimer  as  judges.  Later  in  the  week,  however, 
at  the  same  show  the  senior  bull  championship  was 
sent  to  Prince  Rupert  79539,  a  son  of  the  now  fa- 
mous Beau  Donald,  exhibited  by  W.  H.  Curtice  of 
Kentucky.  The  Prince  was  brought  forward  in 
high  condition,  showed  the  characteristic  good  Anx- 
iety head  and  horn,  and  had  a  lot  of  scale  and  the 
extraordinary  loin  that  has  now  come  to  be  looked 
for  in  all  good  specimens  of  the  Gudgell  &  Simp- 
son breeding.  He  had  stood  second  to  Dandy  Rex 
in  the  class  judging,  Improver  being  third  and  the 
Armour  entry,  imp.  Southington,  fourth.  Curiously 
enough  when  the  Armour  special  trophy  for  best 
bull  of  any  age  came  to  be  awarded  Dandy  Rex  was 
preferred.  The  committee  which  had  sent  the 
senior  championship  to  Prince  Rupert  consisted  of 
Thomas  Mortimer  and  William  H.  Giltner.  The 
Armour  trophy  was  awarded  by  Mr.  Mortimer  and 


840  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

William  VanNatta,  the  former  returning  to  his  first 
love  after  having  forsaken  him  an  hour  before  for 
Prince  Eupert. 

At  the  Chicago  International  a  few  weeks  later 
Improver  was  first  and  Dandy  Eex  second,  the  im- 
ported bull  Protector  and  Prince  Eupert  being 
turned  down  to  fourth  and  fifth  places  respectively. 
This  judging  was  done  by  Mr.  T.  J.  Wornall,  at 
that  time  a  leading  Missouri  Shorthorn  breeder,  and 
William  Cummings  of  the  Armour  management. 
The  first-prize  two-year-old  at  the  International  was 
Clark 's  Perfection.  He  had  not  been  shown  at 
Kansas  City,  and  was  presented  in  such  capital 
form,  that  he  ultimately  received  at  this  show  the 
senior  bull  championship. 

At  Kansas  City  0.  Harris  had  first  prize  and 
senior  female  championship  on  Betty  2d.  Mischiev- 
ous had  stood  second  to  her  in  class.  Miss  Caprice 
was  junior  female  champion,  having  been  first 
among  senior  yearlings.  Modesty,  by  Beau  Brum- 
mel,  was  the  first-prize  two-year-old  at  Kansas  City. 
At  this  same  show  Gudgell  &  Simpson  had  first- 
prize  aged  herd,  while  Harris  showed  the  first-prize 
young  herd  and  also  the  first-prize  calf  herd.  Soth- 
am's  Correctors  were  again  the  winners  in  the  get- 
of-bull  class.  Betty  2d  repeated  her  Kansas  City 
winnings  at  the  International.  Golden  Lassie,  by 
Corrector,  was  placed  ahead  of  Modesty,  Theressa 
and  Mischief  Maker  in  the  two-year-olds,  and  Miss 
Caprice  led  the  senior  yearling  heifers.  Harris  won 
first  prize  in  both  the  aged  and  young  herd  compe- 


THE   CREST   OP   ANOTHER   WAVE         .  841 

titions,  and  Sotham  had  his  customary  place  in  the 
get-of-bull  contest. 

Perfection  Brings  $9,000. — Early  in  January, 
1902,  Thomas  Clark  offered  58  head  of  cattle  at  auc- 
tion at  the  Chicago  sale  pavilion,  the  star  attraction 
being  the  show  bull  Perfection.  This  proved  to  be 
one  of  the  sensational  episodes  of  this  period,  a 
spirited  contest  for  the  possession  of  the  noted  son 
of  Dale  between  Thomas  Mortimer  and  Gilbert  H. 
Hoxie  resulting  in  the  sale  of  the  bull  to  the  latter 
at  the  previously  unheard-of  price  for  a  Hereford 
bull  of  $9,000.  At  this  sale  it  was  announced  that 
Dale  had  been  sold  privately  to  Mr.  Jesse  Adams  of 
Moweaqua,  111.,  for  $10,000.  Mr.  Clark's  entire  lot 
upon  this  occasion  averaged  $497,  although  the  great 
sum  given  for  Perfection  was  the  only  extraordinary 
figure  registered.* 

*Speaking  of  Perfection  reminds  us  of  "Bert"  Fluck.  The 
number  of  young-  Englishmen  who  came  out  to  the  States  during 
the  period  of  active  importations  was  large,  and  many  notable 
successes  have  been  achieved  by  them.  Their  stories  are  always 
interesting,  and  in  most  cases  inspiring.  In  these  notes  we  have 
taken  delight  in  reciting  a  few  representative  narratives  of  suc- 
cess achieved  by  young  men  who  came  out  with  nothing  but 
pluck,  a  natural  aptitude  for  the  cattle  business,  and  an  inher- 
ited attachment  for  good  animals. 

Here  is  the  story  of  "Bert"  Fluck,  cousin  to  Tom  Clark  and 
Harry  Fluck.  Let  him  tell  it  in  his  own  way: 

"My  first  experience  with  Hereford  cattle  dates  back  to  the 
year  1882,  when  I  was  a  boy  of  ten  years  at  home  with  my 
father,  the  late  Henry  Fluck  of  Meer  Court  Farm,  Kingstone, 
Herefordshire,  England.  Father  kept  a  small  heard  of  twenty 
breeding  cows  and  always  kept  the  best  of  sires.  It  was  always 
my  delight  to  be  with  him  while  he  was  feeding  and  caring  for 
them  as  that  seemed  to  be  my  chosen  occupation,  which  I  con- 
tinued to  follow.  As  I  grew  older  father  put  more  confidence  in 
me.  At  the  age  of  fifteen  years  I  had  complete  charge  of  my 
father's  herd  and  all  herd  records,  which  I  considered  quite  an 
honor. 

"In  the  summer  of  1888  'Uncle  John'  Lewis,  who  was  then 
manager  of  the  Shadeland  herd,  owned  by  the  late  Earl  &  Stuart 
of  Lafayette,  Ind.,  came  back  to  England  on  a  visit.  He  was 
staying  at  my  home  and  it  being  my  duty  to  show  him  the  herd 
he  became  deeply  interested  in  me.  He  said  to  father:  'That 
is  the  kind  of  a  boy  we  need  in  America.  He  can  get  a  position 
at  any  time;  you  had  better  let  him  go  back  with  me.'  'John, 


842  A  HISTORY  OP  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

The  day  following  the  Clark  sale  74  head  offered 
by  various  breeders  at  the  same  place  brought  an 
average  of  $227.  At  Kansas  City  on  the  14th  and 
15th  of  January  in  a  combination  sale  of  cattle  con- 
signed from  23  different  herds  171  head  averaged 
$227.70. 

Sotham's  "  Criterion "  Sale.— On  Jan.  28-30,  1902, 
Sotham  held  what  he  called  his  "  criterion "  combi- 
nation sale  at  Kansas  City,  upon  which  occasion  184 
head  of  cattle  sold  at  an  average  of  $341.70.  Mr. 
Sotham's  own  consignment,  consisting  of  51  head, 

I  can't  spare  him',  said  father.  'Uncle  John'  said,  'Henry,  he 
can  do  more  for  himself  in  America  than  he  can  here  in  England.' 
Father  said,  'If  he  wants  to  go  he  can',  thinking  at  the  same 
time  I  lacked  the  sand  to  start  out.  However,  I  met  'Uncle 
John'  in  Hereford  and  we  talked  the  matter  over,  which  looked 
bright  to  me,  so  I  booked  my  passage  to  America  on  the  Cunard 
steamship  Servia,  which  at  that  time  was  a  very  fast  boat. 

"We  set  sail  July  26,  1888,  from  Liverpool,  England,  and 
landed  in  New  York,  Aug.  5,  1888.  From  there  we  took  the 
train  for  Lafayette,  Ind.  After  arriving  there  we  went  out  to 
Shadeland  Farm,  where  the  herd  was  kept.  It  was  a  sight  to 
behold.  The  herd  was  then  at  its  best;  the  bull  Earl  of  Shade- 
land  22d  was  a  marvel.  After  staying  at  Shadeland  a  few  days 
'Uncle'  said,  'I  am  going  up  to  Beecher  to  see  Tom  Clark.  You 
had  better  come  along.'  Tom  being  my  cousin  had  visited  us 
in  England  a  few  years  previous  when  he  made  his  large  impor- 
tation. I  was  quite  young  at  that  time  but  remembered  him 
well.  To  Beecher,  111.,  we  went.  There  I  found  another  Here- 
ford herd  equal  to  the  Shadeland  herd,  headed  by  Anxiety  3d 
and  Peerless  Wilton  12774.  After  visiting  there  a  few  days  'Uncle' 
said,  'You  better  stay  with  Tom',  which  I  did  and  made  it  my 
home  for  six  years,  then  returning  to  England  on  a  visit.  Upon 
arriving  back  in  America  I  accepted  a  position  as  herdsman  with 
the  Hugh  Paul  Galloway  herd  of  Heron  Lake,  Minn.,  under  the 
charge  of  David  M.  Fyffe,  where  I  remained  until  Mr.  Edward 
Paul  dispersed  the  herd.  David  Fyffe  informing  me  that  there 
was  nothing  to  do  except  farm  work,  which  at  that  time  I  did 
not  care  to  do,  I  accepted  my  old  position  with  Tom  Clark,  where 
I  remained  until  he  sold  his  farm  and  dispersed  his  herd.  After 
the  cattle  had  all  gone  it  became  somewhat  lonesome  for  me 
and  I  then  accepted  a  position  with  the  late  G.  H.  Hoxie  as 
manager  of  his  Thorn  Creek  Herd,  at  Thornton,  111.,  where  I 
again  had  charge  of  my  old  chum  Perfection  92891,  staying  with 
him  four  years.  I  then  moved  back  to  Beecher  on  a  farm  which 
I  had  bought,  and  there  engaged  in  raising  hogs  and  feeding 
steers  for  the  Chicago  market.  Selling  my  farm  at  Beecher,  I 
purchased  one  at  Grant  Park,  111.,  where  I  still  carry  9n  the  cattle- 
feeding  business.  I  hope  to  engage  in  the  breeding  of  pure- 
bred Herefords  when  my  son  is  old  enough  to  take  the  respon- 
sibility off  my  shoulders  to  some  extent,  as  I  wish  him  to  follow 
in  my  footsteps." 


THE   CREST   OP   ANOTHER   WAVE  843 

averaged  $384.30,  the  top  price  being  $3,995  offered 
by  Mr.  S.  H.  Godman,  representing  the  Wabash 
Stock  Farm  Co.  of  Indiana,  for  the  young  bull 
Goodcross,  sired  by  imp.  Improver  out  of  the  fa- 
mous old  matron  Grove  Maid  22d  by  The  Grove 
3d,  grandam  Mr.  Culbertson's  celebrated  Eoyal 
champion  Prettyface  by  old  Anxiety.  The  Correc- 
tor bull  Bequeather  was  taken  by  Carruthers  Bros, 
of  Ryan,  la.,  at  $1,100.  Mr.  Clem  Graves  sold  8 
head  at  an  average  of  $1,077.50,  the  top  being  $2,300 
paid  by  Carruthers  Bros,  for  the  Corrector  cow  Hap- 
piness. Jesse  Adams  took  Bright  Duchess  32d  at 
$1,200  and  0.  Harris  bought  Madrona  by  Earl  of 
Shadeland  22d  at  $1,050.  Nine  head  offered  by  S. 
H.  Godman,  Wabash,  Ind.,  averaged  $586.65,  the  lot 
being  topped  by  the  Cherry  Boy  cow  Park  Blanche 
going  at  $1,080  to  J.  Hartley,  Fairmount,  Ind.  F. 
A.  Nave's  10  head  averaged  $336.50.  The  Egger 
Hereford  Cattle  Co.,  Appleton  City,  Mo.,  sent  40 
head  through  the  ring  at  an  average  of  $215 ;  Jesse 
Adams  of  Moweaqua,  111.,  12  head  at  an  average  of 
$317;  Geo.  P.  Henry,  Goodenow,  111.,  12  head  at  an 
average  of  $285;  C.  B.  Smith,  Fayette,  Mo.,  10  head 
at  an  average  of  $249 ;  Dan  W.  Black,  Lyndon,  0.,  5 
head  at  an  average  of  $229 ;  Makin  Bros.,  9  head  at 
an  average  of  $197;  E.  B.  Keyt,  Newton,  Ind.,  4  head 
at  an  average  of  $212.50  and  Geo.  H.  Adams,  Cres- 
tone,  Colo.,  6  head  at  an  average  of  $186. 

Changes  in  Hereford  Headquarters. — The  office 
of  the  American  Hereford  Breeders.'  Association 
which  had  for  so  many  years  been  at  Kansas  City, 


844  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD  CATTLE 

Mo.,  was  removed  in  1902  to  Chicago.  The  manage- 
ment of  the  Chicago  Union  Stock  Yards,  in  addition 
to  financing  the  newly  established  International 
show,  had  erected  a  substantial  structure  known  as 
the  Pedigree  Eecord  Building  in  which  quarters  free 
of  rent  were  offered  to  the  various  national  herd 
book  associations.  While  there  was  some  opposition 
to  this  removal  of  the  Hereford  record  office  the 
transfer  was  made,  nevertheless.  The  office  re- 
mained in  Chicago  for  several  years,  but  it  was 
finally  decided  to  re-establish  headquarters  at  Kan- 
sas City,  at  which  point  the  herd  book  is  still  pub- 
lished.* 

March  On  6th  and  Queenly. — There  was  a  .wealth 
of  new  material  seen  on  the  show  circuits  of  1902, 
the  heroes  and  heroines  of  the  immediate  past  giv- 
ing way  in  all  directions  to  fresher  candidates  for 
honors.  The  first  clash  was  at  Des  Moines  with 
Tom  Clark  in  the  judge's  box.  A  new  king  had 
arisen  among  the  bulls.  His  name  was  March  On. 
6th  96537,  bred  by  the  VanNattas  and  brought  for* 
ward  by  Will  Willis  from  the  Funkhouser  stalls.  HQ 
was  a  son  of  imp.  March  On,  of  the  memorable 
Cross  importation,  out  of  Jewel  Fowler  by  Fowler. 
Wide,  deep  and  wrapped  in  thick  mellow  flesh  he 

*In  this  connection  portraits  are  presented  of  Mr.  Charles  R. 
Thomas  and  Mr.  R.  J.  Kinzer,  the  former  long-time  Secretary 
of  the  American  Hereford  Breeders'  Association,  and  the  latter 
the  present  holder  of  that  important  office.  Mr.  Thomas  served  the 
association  for  a  great  many  years,  not  only  handling  the  heavy 
work  of  the  office  during  the  frequent  periods  of  heavy  registra- 
tion, but  having  charge  of  the  association's  interest  in  con- 
nection with  the  holding  of  a  great  number  of  special  Hereford 
exhibits  at  different  shows,  as  well  as  the  conduct  of  numerous 
combination  sales  under  the  auspices  of  the  national  organiza- 
tion. Mr.  Thomas  also  visited  England  and  South  America  in 
the  interest  of  the  association. 


I      C  .  K.  T^homas  c=x 


846  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

took  rank  at  once  as  one  of  the  best  American-bred 
show  bulls  of  his  day.  VanNatta's  Marmaduke,  by 
the  old  champion  Christopher  out  of  a  Cherry  Boy 
Dam,  a  bull  of  pronounced  substance,  stood  second. 
In  the  two-year-old  class  John  Letham,  manager  for 
George  P.  Henry,  won  with  Prime  Lad  108911,  a 
bull  which  even  then  gave  promise  of  the  greatness 
that  was  to  come  his  way.  Another  showyard  model 
that  was  to  win  her  way  to  future  championships 
was  the  two-year-old  heifer  Queenly,  bred  by  Stew- 
ard &  Hutcheon  and  now  owned  by  Messrs.  Van- 
Natta.  She  topped  her  class  and  later  was  adjudged 
best  female  of  any  age.  March  On  6th  was  cham- 
pion over  all  bulls. 

At  Hamline  the  following  week,  under  Ed  Tay- 
lor's judgment,  March  On  6th  was  again  at  the  head 
of  his  class,  but  in  the  bull  championship  the  won- 
deful  character  and  quality  of  Prime  Lad  brought 
Mr.  Henry  that  high  honor.  This  grand  young  bull 
was  sired  by  Kansas  Lad  Jr.  out  of  Primrose,  a  cow 
bred  by  Arthur  Turner  and  imported  by  K.  B.  Ar- 
mour. Gudgell  &  Simpson*  won  the  blue  ribbons 
on  both  senior  and  junior  yearling  bulls  with  Belis- 

*George  Shand  was  born  near  Huntley,  Aberdeenshire,  Scot- 
land, in  1845,  left  Scotland  in  1882  and  came  to  Canada,  where  he 
lived  for  three  years.  He  came  to  Gudgell  &  Simpson  at  Inde- 
pendence, Mo.,  in  March,  1885,  when  Anxiety  4th  was  in  his 
prime.  He  left  Gudgell  &  Simpson's  in  1896  and  went  to  work 
for  Charles  B.  Dustin  in  Illinois,  staying  there  until  the  Dustin 
Shorthorn  herd  was  sold  in  1900.  He  came  back  to  Independence 
in  1900  and  worked  for  J.  M.  Curtice  eighteen  months.  At  the 
end  of  that  time  he  went  to  v/ork  for  Alexander  Fraser  as  fore- 
man and '  herdsman  of  a  Shorthorn  herd  and  stayed  there  for 
thirteen  years,  or  until  Mr.  Fraser's  death,  when  the  herd  was 
dispersed.  He  then  went  to  work  for  W.  C.  Thompson  at  Piano, 
111.,  with  a  herd  of  Shorthorns,  and  stayed  there  until  the  fall  of 
1913,  when  he  returned  to  Independence  to  make  his  home  with 
his  son-in-law,  George  Hendry,  who  succeeded  him  as  head  cattle- 
man on  the  Gudgell  &  Simpson  farms. 


THE    CREST   OP   ANOTHER   WAVE  847 

arcus  126243,  by  Militant  out  of  a  Don  Carlos  dam, 
and  Bright  Donald  by  Donald  Dhu,  and  had  first  on 
senior  bull  calves  for  Rex  Premier  by  the  champion 
Dandy  Rex.  Harris  took  first  in  cows  with  Russett 
over  Modesty.  Queenly  was  first  in  two-year-olds 
over  Miss  Caprice,  as  well  as  female  champion. 

Beau  Donalds  to  the  Front.— While  this  was  going 
on  in  the  west  W.  H.  Curtice  of  Kentucky,  F.  L. 
Studebaker,  Warren,  Ind.,  G.  A.  Jamison,  Peoria, 
111.,  and  G.  W.  Harness,  Galveston,  Ind.,  were  put- 
ting up  a  good  show  east  of  the  river.  At  Colum- 
bus, 0.,  Mr.  Curtice  appeared  with  fourteen  entries 
of  which  twelve  were  the  get  of  Beau  Donald — all 
young  things  of  real  quality.  He  had  Prince  Rupert 
out  again  to  head  the  senior  bulls.  The  Beau  Donald 
youngsters,  however,  were  the  real  attraction  of  the 
show,  and  with  them  the  young  herd,  the  get-of-bull 
and  the  produce-of-cow  prizes  were  won,  Beau  Don- 
alds 39th,  41st  and  54th  and  Belle  Donalds  27th, 
55th,  56th  and  59th  specially  honored.  Belle  Donald 
59th  was  made  champion  female  under  two  years 
old,  all  breeds  competing,  and  the  Curtice  herd  won 
grand  championship  of  the  yard  over  the  Hanna 
Shorthorns  and  the  Bradfute  Aberdeen-Angus. 

At  the  Illinois  State  Fair  0.  Harris  won  first  in 
aged  bulls  with  Beau  Donald  5th  over  C.  A.  Jami- 
son's Arlington  by  Earl  of  Shadeland  22d  and  the 
same  owner 's  Sailor  by  Acrobat.  Mr.  Curtice  met 
heavier  metal  here,  however,  in  the  young  herd  com- 
petition and  had  to  accept  second  to  the  Harris  en- 
tries. 


848  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Clem  Graves'  $1,000  Average. — During  the  In- 
diana State  Fair  of  1902  Clem  Graves  made  a  sale 
of  43  head  of  cattle  which  resulted  in  the  extraord- 
inary average  of  $1,007.  This  sensational  figure  was 
reached  largely  through  the  fact  that  the  bull  Cru- 
sader 86596  was  run  up  to  $10,000,  and  knocked  off 
to  Ed.  Hawkins  of  Earl  Park,  Ind.  Dolly  2d  was 
taken  by  the  same  bidder  at  $7,000,  and  Cosmo,  the 
dam  of  Crusader,  at  $3,000.  Crusader  was  a  richly- 
bred,  low-legged,  wide-bodied  bull  with  a  grand 
front  and  had  just  been  made  champion  in  strong- 
competition. 

These  prices  were  so  startling  that  they  created 
a  veritable  sensation  in  the  American  cattle-breed- 
ing world,  and  when  some  time  later  it  developed 
that  Mr.  Graves  had  taken  the  cattle  back  there  was 
some  doubt  created  in  the  public  mind  as  to  the 
genuineness  of  the  transaction  at  the  sale  ring  at 
Indianapolis.  This  being  the  case,  the  author  has 
requested  Mr.  Graves  to  make  public  a  plain  state- 
ment of  the  real  facts  in  the  case,  and  in  compliance 
he  has  furnished  the  following: 

' '  Crusader,  sire  Cherry  Ben,  full  brother  to  Colum- 
bus, dam  Cosmo  by  Cherry  Boy,  was  at  the  head  of 
my  herd  when  I  sold  the  Dale  Stock  Farm  to  A.  C. 
Huxley.  I  engaged  Col.  David  Wallace  to  act  as 
manager  of  my  dispersion  sale  held  Tuesday  of  the 
state  fair,  Sept.  16,  1902.  There  were  fifty-four 
cattle  listed  and  the  sale  expense  was  $103  on 
each  lot.  I  believed  that  the  class  of  cattle  I  had 
to  offer  merited  this  outlay,  and  the  interest  in  this 
sale  was  such  that  I  was  honored  by  the  presence 
of  nearly  every  Hereford  breeder  of  prominence, 


THE   CREST   OF  ANOTHER   WAVE  849 

and  many  of  the  Shorthorn  and  Angus  breeders,  as 
well. 

' '  There  were  several  bidders  on  Crusader.  Among 
them  I  recall  S.  J.  Peabody,  Gilbert  Hoxie,  S.  L. 
Wright  and  James  E.  Henry,  who  later  in  the  sale 
purchased  Dale  Wilton.  Ed.  S.  Hawkins  and  C.  E. 
Amsden  were  the  contending  bidders  up  to  $10,000, 
when  he  was  sold  to  Mr.  Hawkins.  I  learned  after 
the  sale  that  Mr.  Amsden,  then  recorder  of  Shelby 
county  and  an  ardent  Hereford  enthusiast,  thinking 
that  Crusader  would  likely  sell  at  a  high  figure,  had 
interested  a  number  of  Hereford  breeders  in  his  sec- 
tion of  the  state  to  join  him  in  the  attempt  to  se- 
cure the  bull,  and  that  one  of  the  bankers  at  Shelby- 
ville  came  to  the  sale  with  them  to  make  the  settle- 
ment should  they  succeed  in  buying  him.  If  Crusader 
had  been  sold  to  Mr.  Amsden  the  deal  would  have 
been  closed  with  cash. 

' l  Mr.  Hawkins  bought  Cosmo,  the  dam  of  Crusader, 
with  Amy  Dale  at  foot  and  bred  to  Dale,  for  $3,000 
and  several  other  cattle,  his  total  purchase  amount- 
ing to  $17,520.  I  had  sold  him  cattle  in  a  breeders' 
sale  at  Chicago  in  the  spring  of  1902,  and  he  had 
promptly  settled  with  his  check.  I  had  visited  his 
home,  a  palatial  residence  situated  on  a  farm  of  6,000 
acres  of  Benton  county's  richest  land,  stocked  with 
Thoroughbred  horses,  Hereford  cattle,  and  a  large 
number  of  feeding  cattle.  Col.  Wallace  made  the 
settlement  for  the  sale  and  when  he  informed  me 
that  Mr.  Hawkins  desired  time  on  a  part  of  his  pur- 
chase I  had  no  reluctance  in  accepting  his  note.  In 
May,  1903,  Mr.  Hawkins  made  it  known  to  his  credi- 
tors who  held  cattle  paper  that  he  was  financially 
embarrassed  and  invited  them  to  meet  in  conference 
at  Earl  Park.  We  found  that  the  real  estate  be- 
longed to  his  mother,  the  live  stock  was  mortgaged, 
Mr.  Hawkins  was  broken  in  health,  and  unable  to 


CRUSADER    86596,    BRED    BY    CLEM    GRAVES. 


DALE  66481,   THE  $10,000  CHAMPION— BRED  BY   CLEM   GRAVES. 


THE   CREST   OP   ANOTHER   WAVE  851 

supervise  his  business;  in  short  everything  was  ap- 
parently going  wrong. 

4 'The  cattle  had  received  but  little  care  or  feed. 
'  Cruse '  had  been  left  out  doors  to  sleep  on  refuse 
straw  where  the  bush  of  his  tail  had  frozen  fast 
and  been  pulled  out.  The  cattle  were  in  a  deplor- 
able condition.  We  were  in  council  several  days 
before  we  could  plan  a  course  of  action.  We  then  de- 
cided to  pay  this  mortgage.  I  paid  $3,225  of  it. 
We  then  listed  the  cattle  and  selected,  each  man  in 
his  turn  from  this  list,  until  his  claim  should  be 
satisfied.  I  selected  Crusader,  Cosmo  and  seven 
other  cows  for  my  claim.  I  kept  the  bull  till  De- 
cember, 1906,  when  I  sold  him  to  Hon.  George 
Chandler,  Baker  City,  Ore. 

"  Crusader  was  pronounced  by  capable  judges  of 
Herefords  to  be  the  best  front-ended  bull  they  ever 
passed  on.  I  never  saw  a  bull  that  carried  his  head 
so  well;  in  fact  he  was  a  remarkable  specimen  of 
bovine  beauty.  Crusader  was  first  and  champion 
bull  at  the  Pan-American.  He  was  not  exhibited 
at  the  World's  Fair  at  St.  Louis,  but  he  met  and 
defeated  both  the  senior  and  junior  champions  of 
that  show,  Prime  Lad  at  Indianapolis  and  Mapleton 
at  the  Virginia  State  Fair. 

"I  am  glad  to  make  this  statement  in  order  to 
clear  up  the  doubt  as  to  Crusader  selling  at  all,  since 
he  was  returned  to  me.  He  did  sell  for  $10,000  and 
was  well  worth  it.  If  Mr.  Hawkins  had  not  become 
ill,  and  had  not  lost  heavily  in  the  race-horse  busi- 
ness, I  am  confident  that  he  would  have  finished 
paying  out  on  all  the  cattle. " 

Broadening  the  Kansas  City  Show.— The  fourth 
show  since  the  Hereford  association  launched  the 
first  at  Kansas  City  in  1899,  was  participated  in  by 
eight  different  breeders7  organizations.  The  Amer- 


852  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

lean  Royal,  as  it  has  been  called  in  recent  years, 
was  now  fairly  on  its  feet. 

The  Hereford  exhibit  was  as  irnpressive  as  ever. 
March  On  6th  was  the  senior  bull  champion  and 
Benton  Gabbert  produced  the  two-year-old  winner 
in  Columbus  33d,  a  bull  of  unusual  scale  and  excep- 
tional substance.  Bright  Donald  was  junior  bull 
champion,  and  Queenly  the  champion  cow. 

On  Dec.  8  and  9  at  Kansas  City  Benton  Gabbert 
and  Dr.  Logan  sold  76  head  for  an  average  of  $227. 
At  this  sale  G.  E.  Reynolds  gave  $1,000  for  Hesiod 's 
Best.* 

Various  breeders  consigned  cattle  to  a  combina- 
tion sale  at  Wabash,  Ind.,  on  Dec.  18,  at  which  63 
head  sold  for  an  average  of  $225.70. 

A  New  International  Champion. — Mr.  George 
Leigh  had  brought  over  from  Herefordshire  one  of 
the  biggest  white-faced  bulls  of  his  time,  Britisher, 
an  English  showyard  favorite  bred  by  Allen  Hughes 
from  Albion.  He  was  entered  at  the  Chicago  Inter- 
national of  1902,  where  he  not  only  headed  the 
senior  class  by  defeating  his  half-brother  imp.  Pro- 
tector, Beau  Donald  5th,  Columbus  17th,  and  other 
good  ones,  but  received  the  senior  and  grand  cham- 

.  *Reference  has  been  made  to  the  fact  that  old  imp.  Hesiod, 
the  sire  of  Hesiod  2d,  had  a  bad  temper  It  took  two  men  with 
ropes  and  staffs  to  safely  present  him  in  the  showyard  at  an  old- 
time  Chicago  exhibition.  Speaking  of  this  John  Gosling  is  our 
authority  for  the  statement  that  the  fighting  spirit  in  this  fine 
bull  was  undoubtedly  brought  to  the  surface  by  the  flopping  of 
the  long  white  smocks  frequently  worn  by  the  old  English  herds- 
men. On  windy  days  the  flopping  of  a  smock  or  of  an  overcoat 
has  been  known  to  develop,  for  some  occult  reason,  the  combat- 
iveness  of  bulls.  Mr.  Gosling  gives  it  as  his  opinion,  however, 
that  "the  width  between  a  bull's  eyes  has  more  to  do  with  a 
bull's  disposition  than  the  flopping  of  a  woman's  petticoat  or  a 
smock."  Once  the  fighting  spirit  is  aroused,  however,  the  staff 
usually  has  to  be  brought  into  requisition  as  a  measure  of  safety. 


THE   CREST   OF   ANOTHER   WAVE  853 

pionship  prize  as  well.  He  was  shown  at  a  weight 
of  nearly  2,800  pounds,  and  was  described  at  the 
time  as  "a  bull  of  magnificent  masculinity,  most 
massive  and  imposing  in  appearance,  with  head, 
horn  and  crest  of  pleasing  character,  a  brisket  that 
hangs  close  to  the  ground,  a  tremendous  spread  of 
rib,  showing  the  most  tablelike  back  and  loin  of  any 
bull  of  the  breed  that  has  yet  fallen  under  our  ob- 
servation/7 His  hindquarters  were  long  and  heavy, 
so  bulging  that  his  tail  hung  over  them  on  that  slant 
that  was  so  noticeable  in  old  Grove  3d.  His  flesh 
had  begun  to  slip,  however,  under  the  strain  of  re- 
peated fittings  and  the  long  voyage  to  America,  and 
he  was  counted  fortunate  in  going  through  this  show 
with  such  signal  honors. 

Second  to  Britisher  at  the  Chicago  show  was 
Frank  Bockefeller's  Columbus  17th,  bred  by  Benton 
Gabbert  and  sired  by  Columbus,  the  sire  of  Dale. 
He  sold  for  $5,050  at  Kansas  City.  He  was  a  great- 
ribbed  bull  carrying  a  lot  of  flesh  on  stout,  well  set 
legs.  Prime  Lad  had  a  walk-over  in  two-year-olds. 
Harris  led  the  senior  yearlings  with  Goodenough  2d. 
Bright  Donald  was  best  junior  yearling.  Mr. 
Henry's  Disturber  by  Beau  Donald  3d  was  best 
senior  bull  calf,  and  Harry  Fluck*  had  a  flash  win- 

*H.  J.  Fluck,  cousin  to  Thomas  Clark,  was  born  in  the  city 
of  Hereford,  England,  on  May  21,  1862.  His  father  was  a  mer- 
chant in  that  city,  born  at  Dinedor's  Court,  Herefordshire.  At 
the  age  of  two  years  Harry  was  taken  to  the  country  by  his 
uncle  and  aunt,  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Henry  Fluck  of  Upper  House,  Did- 
ley,  St.  Deouvrix,  Herefordshire,  where  he  was  brought  up  by 
them.  Always  imbued  with  a  fondness  for  fine  stock  of  all 
kinds,  his  environments  during  his  boyhood  days  added  zeal  to 
his  ambition,  for  his  uncle,  who  was  one  of  the  best  all-around 
stockmen  of  his  time  in  Herefordshire,  possessed  one  of  tke  good 
herds  of  "white  faces"  at  that  period.  He  took  no  interest, 


854  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ner  in  junior  bull  calves  in  Star  Wilton  by  Peerless 
Wilton  39th. 

Eussett,  Modesty,  Betty  2d  and  Mischievous — all 
old  friends — were  ranked  in  the  order  named. 
Queenly  presided  by  common  consent  among  the 
two-year-olds,  Lucile  2d  of  the  Harris  herd  was  at 
the  top  of  the  senior  yearlings,  Steward  & 
Hutcheon's  burly  Madge  came  forward  in  junior 
yearlings,  and  the  same  firm  had  the  honor  of  draw- 
ing the  blue  in  the  senior  heifer  calves  with  Beau's 
Queen  by  Beau  Brummel. 

A  Beau  Brummel-Fowler  Nick. — Queenly >s  won- 
derful wealth  of  flesh  carried  her  through  this  show 

however,  in  recording  cattle,  simply  keeping  the  herd   on  a  rent- 

Eaying  basis  by  selling  steers  and  culling  out  females  for  the 
lock.  Mr.  Fluck  is  somewhat  proud  of  the  fact  that  he  is  of  the 
third  generation  of  the  family  of  Flucks  who  were  closely  identi- 
fied with  the  raising  of  good  Hereford  cattle.  His  grandfather, 
Thomas  Fluck,  owned  one  of  the  good  herds  of  Herefordshire, 
and  produced  the  foundation  sire  of  our  latter-day  Anxieties, 
the  bull  Dinedor  132  (395).  The  celebrated  Walford  47  was  a 
grandson  of  Dinedor. 

Harry  became  somewhat  dissatisfied  with  his  prospects  at 
home  and  after  reading  and  talking  to  others  about  the  allure- 
ments of  other  lands  determined  to  leave  his  mother  country 
and  seek  his  fortune  in  America.  He  landed  in  September,  1880. 
In  the  fall  of  1881  he  became  connected  with  the  Culbertson  herd, 
and  his  initial  attempt  for  showyard  honors  was  in  1883  with 
the  steer  Roan  Boy  and  others.  Speaking  of  this  Mr.  Fluck 
says:  "This  was  only  a  preliminary  show,  and  it  took  six  men 
to  lead  Roan  Boy  into  the  ring.  He  was  exceedingly  nervous.  He 
was  not  considered  worthy  by  the  judiciary  at  that  time,  but  the 
next  year  I  sprung  quite  a  surprise  on  the  boys.  The  unex- 
pected happened.  Roan  Boy  appeared  as  one  of  the  best  models 
of  a  beef  steer  that  ever  graced  a  show  arena,  winning  every  prize 
from  class  prize  to  grand  championship,  also  winning  the  gold 
medal  presented  by  'The  Breeder's  Gazette,'  which  under  the  rules 
had  to  be  won  two  years  in  succession  or  any  three  years.  We 
again  captured  the  much  coveted  prize  with  a  steer  named  Dysart 
in  1885  and  won  it  finally  in  1886  with  the  steer  Bowdoin.  These 
were  three  outstanding  good  steers." 

Mr.  Fluck  severed  his  connection  with  Mr.  Culbertson  in  1886 
to  take  a  more  lucrative  position  with  G.  W.  Henry  of  Rossland 
Park  Farm,  Ashkum,  111.  During  his  connection  with  that  herd 
he  participated  in  the  invasion  of  the  Shorthorn  strongholds  of 
Kentucky  with  a  show  herd  of  Herefords  as  detailed  elsewhere 
in  this  volume.  Mr.  Henry's  show  bulls  were  Caractacus  and 
Prince  Edward.  There  was  also  in  the  herd  such  other  bulls  as 
Hesiod,  Anxiety  2d  and  Lord  Derby.  Some  of  the  best  females 
were  Edwiha,  Annie  Laurie,  Lady  Pet  and  Miss  Stewart.  Under 
Fluck's  management  Mr.  Henry  also  had  the  winning  steers  Long- 


THE   CREST   OF   ANOTHER   WAVE  855 

season  of  1902  without  a  slip.  She  was  senior  and 
also  grand  champion  over  females  of  all  ages  at  the 
International,  gaining  the  honor  over  the  junior 
champion  Beau's  Queen.  And  thereby  hangs  a  tale : 
Queenly  was  by  Beau  Brummel  out  of  the  VanNatta- 
bred  Fowler  Queen  by  old  Fowler,  and  Beau's 
Queen  was  out  of  the  same  dam  and  sired  by  a  son 
of  Beau  Brummel !  And  here  they  stood,  sisters  in 
blood,  the  two  lone  contestants  at  the  greatest  show 
of  the  year  for  the  highest  honor  that  could  fall  to  a 
Hereford  female. 

The  Giltners  Buy  Britisher. — At  Chicago  on  Jan. 
7  and  8,  1903,  in  a  combination  sale  90  head  were 
sold  for  an  average  of  $265,  the  top  price  being 
$3,800  paid  by  Giltner  Bros.,  Eminence,  Ky.,  for 

fellow  and  Sir  Edward.  Some  of  the  show -bulls  at  Rossland 
Park,  which  Fluck  was  partly  instrumental  in  producing,  were 
Hesiod  2d,  Sitting  Bull  and  Caractacus  Wilton.  In  1890  Rossland 
Park  was  sold  and  the  stock  was  disposed  of  by  auction. 

Mr.  Fluck  then  embarked  in  business  on  his  own  account,  buy- 
ing out  the  old-established  herd  of  George  F.  Baker  of  Oakland 
Stock  Farm,  Goodenow,  111.  In  1893  at  the  world's  fair  he  showed 
a  good  yearling  steer  which  took  second  prize,  a  bull  calf,  and 
the  two-year-old  Sitting  Bull,  which  won  first  in  class  and  was 
finally  made  champion  over  all  breeds.  At  St.  Lourk1  shortly 
after,  Mr.  Fluck  sent  down  Sitting  Bull,  the  calf  and  others  and 
took  blue  ribbons.  This  same  year  at  the  fat  stock  show  in  Chi- 
cago he  won  a  cup  offered  by  "The  Breeder's  Gazette"  for  best 
steer  bred  and  fed  by  exhibitor  with  the  yearling  Percy  that 
weighed  1,610  pounds.  Percy  was  second  to  Cherry  Brandy  at  the 
world's  fair,  but  won  over  him  at  this  show  two  months  later. 
The  next  year  the  show  was  held  at  Tattersall's  on  Wabash  Ave., 
where  Percy  won  this  cup  again. 

Mr.  Fluck  has  shown  at  every  International  since  its  incep- 
tion, and  won  a  sweepstakes  over  all  breeds  three  years  in  suc- 
cession. He  bred  and  fed  the  grand  champion  Peerless  Wilton 
39th's  Defender  in  1906,  the  reserve  grand  champion  Fluck's  Ex- 
pectation in  1904,  and  champion  herd  and  the  get-of-sire  in  the 
same  year.  At  the  St.  Louis  exposition  in  1904  he  was  the  only 
Hereford  breeder  to  win  a  championship  over  all  breeds.  This 
was  taken  by  the  steer  Fluck's  Expectation.  Looking  back  over 
his  career  Harry  says:  "There  are  two  achievements  which  I 
am  not  a  little  elated  over- — one  to  be  the  first  man  of  the 
Hereford  fraternity  to  select,  feed  and  show  a  Hereford  steer 
that  was  made  champion  over  all  breeds,  and  another  to  have 
taken  the  Herefords  into  the  state  of  Kentucky  in  the  '80's  and 
won  over  Shorthorns  in  strong  competition  against  many  of  the 
illustrious  breeders  of  that  day." 


m  H.  Giltner  \         \  Frank  CGittner 


THE    CREST    OF   ANOTHER    WAVE  857 

imp.  Britisher.*     Tom  Clark  gave  $1,525  for  the 
young  bull  Perfection  Lad  by  Perfection. 

"The  firm  of  Giltner  Bros.,  comprising  Messrs.  W.  H.,  Robert 
R.  and  F.  C.  Giltner,  first  engaged  in  the  breeding  of  Hereford 
cattle  in  the  spring  of  1897.  The  first  cattle  purchased  were  an 
imported  bull  and  ten  Shadeland-bred  heifers.  This  bull  proved 
impotent  and  after  a  diligent  search  for  a  successor  Acrobat 
68460,  sired  by  Anxiety  Monarch  and  out  of  a  daughter  of  the 
celebrated  Earl  of  Shadeland  22d,  was  purchased  at  a  cost  of 
$1,500.  This  bull  was  used  extensively  and  successfully  until  nine 
years  of  age,  when  he  was  sold  for  $3,500  to  C.  E.  Clapp,  Berry- 
ville,  Va.  The  next  herd  bull  used  by  Giltner  Bros,  was  Britisher, 
assisted  by  imp.  Protector  117878,  a  one-time  English  champion 
imported  by  Frank  A.  Nave  at  a  reported  cost  of  $6,000.  Britisher 
and  Protector  were  both  sired  by  Albion  76960,  a  champion  and 
a  sire  of  English  champions. 

In  the  meantime  the  firm  'purchased  in  1898  forty  cows  and 
heifers  from  Wallace  Libbey.  These  cows  were  sired  mostly  by 
Rantin  Robin  50603,  he  by  Earl  of  Shadeland  12th  20109.  The 
heifers  were  sired  by  Welldone  68786,  a  full  brother  to  the  fa- 
mous Sir  Bredwell  by  Sotham's  Corrector.  They  nicked  kindly 
with  Acrobat  and  from  the  beginning  a  class  of  young  stock  was 
produced  which  sold  at  from  $200  to  $600  each,  which  "looked 
mighty  good"  to  the  firm,  considering  the  fact  that  a  two-year- 
old  steer  was  at  that  time  bringing  only  from  $50  to  $60. 

From  their  own  herd  the  brothers  retained  the  bull  Acrobat's 
Beau  Donald  157648,  a  son  of  Acrobat  68460  and  out  of  a  cow  by 
Beau  Donald  58966.  This  bull  proved  most  useful  and  was  not 
only  a  prominent  prize-winner  himself  all  through  the  south  at 
the  leading  state  fairs  but  sired  Florence  Acrobat  283070,  the  1909 
junior  champion  female  at  the  American  Royal,  also  first-prize 
heifer  calf  at  the  Royal  in  1908  and  all  leading  state  fairs  that 
year. 

About  1903  Messrs.  Hornsby  Bros.,  neighbors  of  the  Giltner 
Bros.,  purchased  from  Gudgell  &  Simpson  the  Beau  Brummel  bull 
Beau  Roland  102767,  to  be  used  on  their  own  herd.  They  allowed 
Giltner  Bros,  the  free  use  of  this  animal,  and  the  blending  of 
Britisher  and  Beau  Roland  blood  gave  excellent  results.  From  this 
cross  was  secured  Beau  Columbus,  which  was  first  as  calf,  first  as 
yearling,  second  as  two-year-old  and  first  as  aged  bull  at  the 
Kansas  City  Royal  and  first  and  junior  champion  at  the  1909 
International.  British  Corker  283072,  first-prize  aged  bull  at 
Denver  for  two  years,  was  sired  by  Britisher  and  out  of  a  Beau 
Roland  cow.  .British  Highball  267816,  a  prominent  winner,  which 
sold  to  S.  B.  Burnet  for  $1,500,  was  bred  in  the  same  way. 

While  Giltner  Bros,  have  not  gone  in  extensively  for  show- 
yard  competition,  they  have  brought  out  each  year  a  good  herd 
of  their  own  breeding.  They  have  directed  their  efforts  chiefly 
to  supplying  the  immense  field  presented  by  the  southern  states 
and  the  export  trade.  Five  state  colleges  have  purchased  breed- 
ing stock  from  Giltner  Bros.,  as  have  also  the  governments  of 
Cuba,  Porto  Rico  and  Brazil.  They  have  customers  in  Argentina, 
Panama,  Santo  Domingo,  Mexico,  Hawaii  and  Canada.  The 
junior  member  of  the  firm,  Mr.  F.  C.  Giltner,  was  for  six  years 
a  director  of  the  American  Hereford  Breeders'  Association,  of 
which  oganization  he  was  president  from  January,  1912,  to  Octo- 
ber, 1913. 


CHAPTER  XXI. 
HISTORY  REPEATS. 

The  high  prices  of  1900,  1901  and  1902  could  not 
hold.  Just  ten  years  after  the  panic  of  1893  an- 
other one  of  those  widespread  commercial  depres- 
sions that  have  so  often  been  registered  in  our 
country's  progress  was  setting  in  and  by  1903 
liquidation  was  general.  The  cattle  business  suf- 
fered in  common  with  all  other  industries  and  the 
Hereford-breeding  fraternity  did  not  escape  its 
share  of  depression.  Values  declined  rapidly,  the 
speculative  element  liquidated,  and  during  the 
years  immediately  succeeding  the  bargain  counter 
was  very  much  in  evidence.  As  usual  in  such  cases, 
those  who  were  in  a  position  to  purchase  good,  well 
bred  cattle  at  low  levels  in  due  course  of  time 
reaped  full  reward.  The  return  tide  did  not  set  in 
until  about  1909. 

Lower  Values  at  Auction. — At  Kansas  City  on 
Jan.  14  and  15,  1903,  Charles  W.  Armour  and  Mr. 
Funkhouser  sold  107  head  of  cattle  at  an  average 
of  $245.30,  the  highest  price  reached  being  $625  for 
the  young  bull  Onward  9th,  a  son  of  March  On  6th 
bought  by  Murdo  Mackenzie  for  the  Matador  herd. 
At  Chicago  on  Jan.  29  in  a  combination  sale  68  head 
sold  for  an  average  of  $164,  the  top  being  $600  for 
imp.  Princess  Royal,  bought  by  Amsden  &  Sons, 


HISTORY  REPEATS  859 

Shelby ville,  Ind.  At  another  Chicago  sale  on  Feb. 
17  and  18  the  66  head  averaged  only  $131.50.  On 
Feb.  19  at  Indianapolis  74  head  consigned  from  vari- 
ous herds  reached  an  average  of  $169.40,  the  high- 
est price  being  $540  paid  by  F.  L.  Studebaker,  War- 
ren, Ind.,  for  the  cow  Lucy  M  2d,  by  Shadeland 
Dean.  At  Kansas  City  on  Feb.  25  and  26  109  head 
from  such  herds  as  Gudgell  &  Simpson's,  C.  A.  Stan- 
nard's,  Scott  &  March's  and  F.  E.  Eockef eller >s 
went  under  the  hammer  at  an  average  of  $164.25, 
the  best  price  being  $385  paid  by  S.  L.  Brock  for 
Annabel  5th,  by  Militant.  Nothing  could  better  il- 
lustrate the  trend  of  the  market  than  the  fact  that 
good  things  offered  by  Gudgell  &  Simpson  and  sired 
by  Beau  Brummel,  Lamplighter  and  other  noted 
bulls  of  the  Anxiety  blood  passed  through  the  ring 
at  around  $200  per  head.  And  yet  much  darker 
days  than  these  had  been  experienced  in  the 
earlier  years  and  greater  gloom  was  in  store  for 
1904.  On  Feb.  21  and  24  at  Des  Moines,  la.,  in  a  com- 
bination sale  66  head  were  knocked  down  at  an  aver- 
age of  $111.50.  Mr.  F.  A.  Nave  sold  at  Attica,  Ind., 
on  March  18  50  head  at  an  average  of  $280.80,  the 
top  being  $795  paid  by  W.  S.  VanNatta  &  Son  for 
Royal  Daisy  2d,  the  dam  of  imp.  March  On,  sold  in 
calf  to  Dale.  The  famous  show  cow  Benison  went 
to  Giltner  Bros,  at  what  was  called  the  bargain  price 
of  $505.  G.  H.  Hoxie  on  May  14  sold  38  head  at 
Thornton,  111.,  for  an  average  of  $300.  On  May  22 
F.  L.  Studebaker  sold  28  head  at  Wabash,  Ind., 
for  an  average  of  $225.  On  June  16  and  17  T.  F. 


860  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

B.  Sotham  at  Chillicothe,  Mo.,  disposed  of  some 
1,800  head  of  stockers  and  feeders — along  with  50 
head  of  pedigree  Herefords,  the  total  receipts  for 
the  two  days'  sale  aggregating  near  $54,000.  The 
stockers  and  feeders  were  sold  in  lots  to  suit  pur- 
chasers and  averaged  about  $24.30  per  head.  The 
pedigree  cattle  averaged  $232.  The  top  price  of  the 
sale  for  the  registered  cattle  was  $625  for  the  two- 
year-old  Clem  Graves,  by  Dale. 

In  August,  1903,  Frank  Nave  sold  his  $6,000  bull 
imp.  Protector  to  Mr.  T.  A.  Fletcher,  who  was 
for  so  many  years  active  in  the  management  of 
the  Indiana  Blooded  Stock  Co.  The  price  was  not 
made  public. 

Fall  Sales  of  1903.— Prices  did  not  mend  as  the 
season  advanced.  George  H.  Adams,  Crestone, 
Colo.,  closed  out  107  head  at  Linwood,  Kans.,  on 
July  28  and  29  at  an  average  of  $163.65.  Mr.  Ad- 
amg  was  the  owner  of  a  100,000-acre  ranch  in  the 
San  Luis  Valley  jn  southern  Colorado,  upon  which 
he  carried '  some  5,000  head  of  cattle  all  showing 
more  or  less  Hereford  blood  and  including  at  one 
time  200  head  of  registered  animals.*  These  had 
been  procured  originally  from  the  best  sources, 
such  as  the  closing-out  sale  of  Thomas  J.  Higgins' 

*As  early  as  1872,  Mr.  Adams  began  the  improvement  of  his 
herd — founded  by  selection  of  the  best  native  stocks  in  1869 — by 
the  use  of  pedigree  blood.  He  paid  J.  C.  Shropshire  of  Kentucky 
$1,060  for  two  Shorthorn  bulls  and  continued  the  use  of  this 
blood  for  seven  years,  when  having-  seen  some  of  the  Herefords 
sent  to  Colorado  by  T.  L.  Miller  he  concluded  that  the  Hereford 
possessed  superior  hardiness.  In  1879  he  purchased  150  Colorado- 
bred  grade  Hereford  bulls  and  later  he  visited  the  herd  of  T.  L. 
Miller  and  other  Illinois  and  Indiana  breeders  and  purchased 
$8,000  worth  of  Hereford  bulls.  From  that  time  Mr.  Adams  was 
one  of  the  most  spirited  and  liberal  supporters  of  the  Hereford. 


HISTORY   REPEATS  861 

stock  and  the  great  Sunny  Slope  offering  of  1898, 
where  he  bought  21  head  at  an  average  cost  of  over 
$500  per  head,  including  the  imported  heifer  Lumin- 
ous at  $1,500  and  imp.  Leominister  Daisy  2d  at 
$1,205. 

Mr.  Adams  had  in  the  meantime  bought  the  fa- 
mous Linwood  Farm — so  Jong  celebrated  as  the 
home  of  the  Scotch-bred  Shorthorn  herd  of  the 
late  Senator  W.  A.  Harris — and  had  placed  George 
Morgan  in  charge.  On  account  of  failing  health, 
however,  he  decided  to  give  up  the  handling  of  the 
purebreds  and  they  were  disposed  of  on  the  dates 
mentioned.  Many  of  these  cattle  were  range-bred 
and  not  halter-broken.  They  were  necessarily  pre- 
sented in  pasture  condition  and  naturally  failed  to 
bring  their  real  value,  especially  at  this  period  of 
depression.  Luminous  sold  for  $600  and  her  son 
Orpheus  2d  for  $400.  Tom  Ponting  was  a  buyer  of 
useful  cattle  for  his  sons  Everett  and  Wayne.  The 
top  of  the  sale  was  $770  for  the  cow  Lulu  with  twin 
heifer  calves  at  foot.  She  was  taken  by  Mr.  Sotham, 
who  had  managed  the  dispersion. 

On  Aug.  11  and  12  at  Wabash,  Ind.,  various  breed- 
ers sold  113  head  at  an  average  of  $146.  At  Kan- 
sas City  on  Oct.  22  98  head  from  various  Missouri, 
Kansas  and  Nebraska  herds  averaged  $163,  W.  H. 
Curtice  receiving  the  tdp  price  of  $600  for  Beau 
Donald  48th.  On  Nov.  17  and  18  C.  W.  Armour  and 
J.  A.  Funkhouser  passed  97  head  through  the  auc- 
tion ring  at  an  average  of  $155.70.  The  best  price 
made  upon  this  occasion  was  $855,  which  was  re- 


862  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

garded  as  a  bargain  figure  for  the  capital  yearling 
bull  Onward  19th,  by  March  On  6th.  He  was  taken 
by  Benton  Gabbert.  During  the  International  at 
Chicago  71  head  were  sold  on  Dec.  3  at  an  average 
of  $168.75.  The  highest  mark  made  here  was 
$1,400  for  the  two-year-old  bull  Prairie  Donald 
139616,  offered  by  the  Stanton  Breeding  Farms, 
Madison,  Neb.,  and  bought  by  William  Eeynolds, 
Lusk,  Wyo.  Only  four  females  in  the  entire  lot 
reached  the  $400  mark.  These  were  all  daughters 
of  Beau  Donald  and  bred  by  W.  H.  Curtice.  At 
Kansas  City  on  Dec.  10  and  11  C.  A.  Stannard  and 
Mrs.  Kate  Wilder  Cross  sold  from  Sunny  Slope 
Farm,  Emporia,  Kans.,  100  head  for  an  average  of 
$172.90.  Mr.  Stannard 's  yearling  show  bull  Keep 
On  26th  by  imp.  Keep  On  was  taken  by  the  Messrs. 
Harris  at  $600. 

One  of  the  regrettable  incidents  of  this  general 
liquidating  movement  was  the  enforced  closing-out 
of  the  Sotham  herd  at  Chillicothe,  Mo.,  the  disper- 
sion occurring  at  the  farm  on  Dec.  15.  The  show 
bull  Fulfiller  went  to  0.  Harris  at  $1,510.  He  was 
sired  by  Improver,  and  was  a  son  of  the  beautiful 
Benison  by  Protection,  second  dam  Benita  by  Cor- 
rector. Protection  was  by  Corrector  out  of  a  daugh- 
ter of  Royal  Grove.  The  128  head  averaged  only 
$120.65.*  * 

*Speaking  of  this  event  "The  Breeder's  Gazette"  commented 
at  the  time  as  follows: 

"The  results  of  Mr.  Sotham's  life-work  as  a  breeder  of  Here- 
fords  were  scattered  on  Dec.  15  at  sheriff's  sale.  William  Moffatt, 
Paw  Paw,  111.,  foreclosed  a  mortgage  which  he  held  on  the  herd 
and  sold  it  out.  Mr.  Sotham  had  relied  on  a  promise  of  financial 
aid  which  would  have  enabled  him  to  save  the  cream  of  the 
herd  and  retain  it  under  his  management,  but  this  failed  him 
almost  at  the  last  minute,  when  it  was  too  late  to  organize  a  local 


HISTORY  REPEATS  863 

An  important  private  transaction  of  this  period 
was  the  disposition  of  George  P.  Henry 's  herd  at 
Goodenow,  111.  It  went  to  James  R.  Henry  of  Gos- 
port,  Ind.,  who  subsequently  resold  a  number  of  the 
cattle  to  Messrs.  VanNatta  and  S.  L.  Brock,  Macon, 
Mo.  Along  with  the  good  cattle  obtained  from  this 
source  Mr.  Brock  secured  as  manager  Mr.  John 
Letham,  in  whose  hands  the  herd  became  the  foun- 
tain-head of  many  high-class  Herefords  in  the  years 
that  followed. 

Death  of  George  Morgan. — For  some  time  prior  to 
the  Adams  dispersion  sale  Mr.  Morgan,  the  veteran 
importer  and  herd  manager,  had  been  in  poor 
health,  and  late  in  August,  1903,  he  died  in  a  hos- 
pital at  Chillicothe,  Mo.,  treatment  for  a  carbuncle 
having  failed  to  bring  relief.  Arrangements  had 
been  made  by  Sotham  for  Morgan  to  join  him  in 
handling  Herefords  at  Weavergrace  Farm,  but  this 
was  not  to  be. 

The  name  of  George  Morgan  will  ever  stand  con- 
spicuous among  those  playing  large  parts  in  the 
introduction  of  Hereford  cattle  in  the  western 


company  to  buy  the  best  of  the  cattle  and  hence  all  have  been 
scattered. 

"Mr.  Sotham  has  faced  some  misfortunes  in  his  life,  but  it 
may  readily  be  believed  that  the  bitterest  of  them  was  when 
he  stood  in  the  salering  and  lent  all  possible  aid  to  the  forced 
dispersion  of  the  herd  which  had  been  the  pride  of  his  heart. 
Without  his  assistance  buyers  were  chary  of  taking  hold,  but 
when  he  entered  the  ring-  and  guaranteed  the  transfer  of  all 
animals  sold  and  worked  earnestly  in  the  interests  of  the  sale 
the  bidding  became  spirited  and  an  average  of  around  $120  was 
reached,  by  young  and  old,  big  and  little.  This  is  an  excellent 
showing  under  all  the  circumstances.  Only  a  tithe  of  the  real 
value  is  usually  reached  at  sheriff's  sales,  and  considering  the 
number  of  old  cows  in  the  herd  which  had  been  retained  on 
account  of  demonstrated  greatness  as  producers,  and  the  con- 
dition of  the  cattle,  sold  without  fitting  or  preparation,  the  result 
is  better  than  had  been  expected.  From  the  cattle  and  farm 
implements  a  total  of  $17.200  was  realized." 


\Mrs.  FH.Kreismann  | 


HISTORY   REPEATS  865 

states.  His  relations  to  various  important  trans- 
actions have  already  been  set  forth.  He  was  gen- 
erally regarded  as  a  keen  judge  of  a  good  animal, 
and  personally  selected  in  Herefordshire  some  of 
the  greatest  cattle  transferred  to  American  soil  dur- 
ing the  period  of  extensive  importations.  In  the 
course  of  his  long  career  in  the  business  he  naturally 
acquired  a  great  store  of  information  concerning  the 
breed  on  both  sides  the  water.  His  facility  of 
expression,  his  aggressive  personality  and  his  keen 
sense  of  humor  made  him  the  life  of  almost  any 
company  of  congenial  spirits  in  which  he  might  be 
found.  The  author  regrets  that  he  has  been  unable 
to  procure  a  photograph  of  Mr.  Morgan  for  repro- 
duction in  this  volume  along  with  other  notables  of 
his  time.  However,  his  work  is  his  own  best  mem- 
orial and  title  to  appreciation  at  the  hands  of  pos- 
terity.* 

Prime  Lad  and  Beau  Donald  5th. — There  was  a  hard- 
fought  battle  at  the  fairs  of  1903  between  the  com- 
ing and  the  going  champions.  Prime  Lad,  younger  and 
fresher  and  admirably  representing  the  old  warrior 
Beau  Eeal,  was  hammering  hard  on  the  shield  of 
Beau  Donald  5th.  In  the  hands  of  the  Messrs.  Van- 
Natta  the  Lad  was  slowly  but  surely  making-up  into 

*It  was  sometimes  difficult  to  tell  whether  Morgan  was  talk- 
ing- in  jest  or  earnest.  While  haranguing  a  crowd  of  cattlemen 
one  night  in  the  early  days  upon  the  merits  of  the  Hereford  for 
western  range  purposes  he  made  a  statement  substantially  as 
follows,  which  of  course  created  much  amusment: 

"I'll  tell  you  'ow  it  is:  You  see  the  'ereford  is  something  like 
the  buffalo ;  'e  'as  a  'eavy  'ead  and  'orn,  is  deep  through  the 
shoulders  and  chest,  and  bein'  light  be'ind  'e  climbs  the  'ills  fine." 

As  present-day  breeders  have  long  since  given  the  typical 
Hereford  two  ends  as  well  as  a  middle,  Morgan's  buffalo  exaggera- 
tion may  now  be  treated,  as  he  intended  it  at  the  time,  as  a  joke — a 
good  specimen  of  the  ordinary  play  of  his  nimble  wit. 


866  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE. 

a  wonderful  specimen  of  the  breed — evenly  balanced 
and  full  of  character  and  quality.  The  old  Beau, 
with  his  ponderous  hind-quarters  and  extraordinary 
expanse  of  loin,  impressed  yet  again  the  improve- 
ment being  wrought  in  America  in  respect  to  rear- 
end  finish.  In  the  preliminary  competition  at  Se- 
dalia,  under  a  Shorthorn  judgment,  he  had  been  pre- 
ferred by  Mr.  Wornall  to  Steward  &  Hutcheon's 
Beaumont,  and  by  Wiley  Fall  at  Des  Moines  he  was 
set  above  Prime  Lad.  At  Hamline  with  W.  A.  Me- 
Henry,  of  Aberdeen- Angus  fame,  and  D.  Y.  Eobert- 
son,  manager  of  Dan  Hanna's  Shorthorns,  on  the 
bench  Beau  Donald  5th  defeated  both  bulls,  but  at 
Indianapolis  N.  H.  Gentry  ordered  Prime  Lad  to 
the  front — a  rating  which  stood  for  the  remainder 
of  the  season,  being  confirmed  at  the  Kentucky 
State  Fair  at  Owensboro,  at  Springfield,  at  Kan- 
sas City  and  at  Chicago. 

Three  Great  Groups. — There  were  at  least  three 
overwhelming  demonstrations  of  the  prowess  of 
American  breeders  on  the  circuits  of  1903 — the  Beau 
Donalds,  which  herdsman  Hendry  continued  to  send 
forward  with  never-failing  quality,  the  Benjamin 
Wiltons,  with  which  Overton  Harris  made  such  a 
"hit"  during  this  period,  and  the  get  of  March  On 
6th,  now  coming  from  the  Funkhouser  herd  and 
showing  outstanding  character.  At  Sedalia  Funk- 
houser had  the  senior  bull  championship  over 
Beau  Donald  5th  with  Onward  4th,  and  the 
junior  bull  championship  on  Onward  8th,  be- 
sides the  prize  for  best  four  get  of  the  same 


BEAU   DONALD   5TH   86142.    AS   DRAWN    BY    BURK. 


PRIME   LAD   108911  AT  THREE   YEARS,  AS  DRAWN   BY   THBOOP. 


868  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

sire.  At  subsequent  shows,  indeed  for  a  series  of 
years,  the  depth  and  width  of  the  Keep  Ons  and  the 
March  Ons  attracted  fresh  attention  to  the  value 
of  the  imported  blood  which  John  Steward  and 
Harry  Yeld  had  brought  out  for  Mr.  Cross  in  1898. 
The  Kansas  City  and  International  shows  of  1903 
were  so  rich  in  toppy  youngsters  that  it  is  impos- 


ONWARD  4TH   AND  HIS  TRAINER  WILL  WILLIS. 

sible  to  enter  into  details  here.  Harris,  Curtice, 
Funkhouser,  the  VanNattas,  Stannard,  Gabbert, 
Steward  &  Hutcheon,  Gudgell  &  Simpson,  C.  G.  Corn- 
stock,  J.  M.  Curtice,  the  Stanton  Farm,  the  Makins, 
the  Steeles,  C.  N.  Moore,  Dr.  Logan,  C.  W.  Armour, 
Robert  Hazlett,  S.  L.  Brock,  and  others  were  now 


HISTORY  REPEATS  869 

producing  show  stock  as  good,  if  not  better  than 
had  ever  before  been  seen. 

At  Kansas  City  the  champion  bull  was  Mr.  Funk- 
houser's  Onward  4th,  both  his  sire  and  dam — On- 
ward 6th  and  Dewdrop — having  been  champions 
before  him.  VanNatta's  Rosalie  by  March  On  had 
the  female  championship. 

At  the  final  round-up  at  Chicago  Prime  Lad,  Beau 
Donald  39th,  Prairie  Donald  (by  Beau  Donald  7th), 
Eight  Lad  and  Benjamin  Wiltons  10th  and  16th  led 
the  bull  classes.  In  a  memorable  show  of  cows  and 
heifers  the  blue  ribbons  rested  with  VanNatta's 
Lorna  Doone  (by  Christopher),  Harris'  Lucile  2d 
(by  Benjamin  Wilton),  VanNatta's  Eosalie  (by 
March  On),  and  Harris'  Amelia,  Arminta  and  Miss 
Donald  5th.  The  Beau  Donalds  had  both  first  and 
third  in  the  get-of-sire  class,  with  the  Benjamin 
Wiltons  coming  in  between. 

Death  of  Benjamin  Wilton. — The  great  showy ard 
events  of  this  era  contain  many  references  to  the 
splendid  character  of  the  sons  and  daughters  of  the 
bull  Benjamin  Wilton,  exhibited  by  Overton  Harris. 
The  bull  was  bred  by  Cornish  &  Patten,  Osborn, 
Mo.,  and  had  been  owned  at  one  time  by  John  E. 
Stone,  Harris,  Mo.  He  was  an  in-bred  Anxiety,  hav- 
ing been  sired  by  Wilton  Anxiety  41810,  he  by  Tom 
Clark's  Peerless  Wilton,  out  of  one  of  Gudgell  & 
Simpson's  Anxiety  4th  cows.  He  was  not  a  big 
bull,  weighing  about  2,100  pounds  in  breeding  con- 
dition, and  was  specially  distinguished  for  his  extra- 
ordinary good  temper  and  docility.  He  sired  in  his 


870  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

time  about  250  calves,  including  Betty  2d,  the  cham- 
pion female  of  1901,  that  sold  with  calf  at  side  for 
$4,500.  He  was  killed  by  a  stroke  of  lightning  in  the 
spring  of  1903.  But  a  few  days  previous  Mr.  Jesse 
Adams  of  Moweaqua,  111.,  had  closed  a  deal  with 
Mr.  Harris  for  some  ten  head  of  Benjamin  Wilton 
heifers  at  an  even  $10,000.  Mr.  Harris  is  said  to 
have  sold  over  $42,000  worth  of  calves  sired  by  this 
bull  within  the  space  of  four  years. 

Death  of  Dale.— On  Oct.  18,  1903,  Dale,  the  cham- 
pion show  bull,  died  at  Woodland  Farm,  the  prop- 
erty of  his  owner,  Jesse  Adams,  Moweaqua,  111. 
Mr.  Adams  had  paid  the  great  sum  of  $10,000  for  the 
bull  in  1901.  Dale  was  one  of  the  many  valuable 
legacies  left  to  the  Hereford  breed  in  America  as  a 
result  of  the  famous  old-time  importation  of  Earl 
&  Stuart.  He  carried  a  double  cross  of  Garfield  com- 
bined with  the  blood  of  Peerless  and  Prince  Edward, 
and  through  his  son  Perfection  passed  on  to  the 
Hereford  breeders  of  the  United  States  a  factor  of 
demonstrated  value.  His  dam,  Rose  Blossom,  once 
changed  hands  at  $5,000.  She  lived  to  be  fifteen 
years  old,  was  the  mother  of  Columbia  the  dam  of 
Disturber,  and  died  two  months  after  the  decease 
of  Dale,  the  property  of  Mr.  G.  M.  Naber  of  Naber- 
lea  Farm,  Wabash,  Ind. 

The  Sale  Season  of  1904. — Breeders  had  now  set- 
tled down  to  an  acceptance  of  a  situation  which  did 
not  promise  exceptional  prices.  There  was  grim 
determination  all  along  the  line,  however,  to  hold 
on  to  that  which  was  good  and  await  the  return  of 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustln 
PROTECTOR    117878,     BY    ALBION    15027,    DAM    BY     RUDOLPH— BRED    BY 
ALLEN    HUGHES,    IMPORTED    BY    F.    A.    NAVE    AND    SOLD    TO 
GILTNER   BROS. 


Copyright  photo  by  Bustin 
ALBION   769GO,    IMPORTED   BY   0.    A.   JAMISON. 


872  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

better  times.  In  February  of  this  year  Giltner 
Bros,  offered  53  head  of  registered  cattle  at  auction 
at  Auburn,  Ala.  This  was  one  of  the  first  attempts 
of  the  kind  in  that  section  and  resulted  in  the  grati- 
fying average  of  $213  per  head.  On  March  2  Mr. 
C.  A.  Jamison  sold  136  head  of  cattle  at  Hamlet, 
Ind.,  but  the  market  would  not  at  this  time  take  so 
many  at  strong  prices.  The  average  was  $124,  the 
top  being  $1,575  paid  for  the  imported  bull  Albany 
by  M.  E.  L.  Williams,  Peoria,  111.*  Events  of  this 
spring  in  the  middle  west  were  large  offerings  of 
range-bred  Hereford  calves  at  auction.  On  March 
17  the  SMS  outfit  sold  about  600  head  at  C.  C. 
Judy's  farm,  Tallula,  111.,  at  an  average  of  from 
$20  to  $30.  In  May  the  LS  management  sold  500 
head  at  Mr.  Imboden's,  Decatur,  111.,  at  an  average 
of  around  $20  per  head. 

There  were  no  important  incidents  at  the  fall  sales 
of  this  year.  Fifty-six  head,  consigned  from  various 
herds,  sold  at  Kansas  City  on  Oct.  21  at  an  average 
of  $186.25.  The  top  was  $1,330  paid  by  S.  L.  Stand- 

*Mr.  Jamison  lived  at  Peoria,  111.,  and  began  his  Hereford 
herd  in  the  spring  of  1899  by  the  purchase  of  99  animals  of  breed- 
ing age  and  about  30  calves,  all  of  which  were  placed  upon  his 
large  farm  near  Hamlet,  Ind.  This  purchase  included  the  Cor- 
rector bull  Well  Done  66786.  A  little. later  45  two-year-old  heifers 
were  bought  and  with  these  came  another  Corrector  bull,  Sir 
Comewell  68776,  and  Reginald  64067  by  Mr.  VanNatta's  Hengler. 
Other  purchases  were  made  from  Mr.  Nave,  Mr.  Armour  and 
other  prominent  breeders.  Mr.  Jamison  also  used  the  Shadeland 
bull  Sailor  93037  by  Acrobat.  Subsequently  he  bought  imp.  Diplo- 
mat 81547,  but  he  met  with  an.  accident  which  caused  his  death 
soon  afterwards.  Immediately  after  this  event,  after  consultation 
with  Capt.  Scarlett,  Mr.  Jamison  decided  to  cable  an  offer  for  the 
unbeaten  two-year-old  bull  Albany  132876.  The  deal  was  closed 
at  a  reported  price  of  $6,000.  Albany  was  bred  by  Allen  Hughes, 
and  was  landed  in  New  York  along  with  the  two  fine  heifers, 
Lady  Barbara  and  Princess  Royal,  both  of  William  Tudge's  breed- 
ing. Mr.  Jamison's  operations  were  on  a  very  extensive  scale, 
and  during  the  winter  of  1902  it  was  stated  that  although  he  had 
sold  229  head  during  the  two  years  immediately  preceeding  he 
still  owned  over  400  head  of  Herefords. 


HISTORY  REPEATS  873 

ish  for  Mr.  Funkhouser  's  Onward  4th.  Luce  &  Mox- 
ley  took  Curtice's  Prince  Rupert  8th  at  $850. 

The  St.  Louis  World's  Fair  of  1904.— While  busi- 
ness depression  continued  to  restrain  activity  in  the 
trade  there  was  no  let-up  in  the  enthusiasm  and  inter- 
est of  the  leading  producers  of  high-class  Heref  ords. 
There  was  held  at  St.  Louis  in  the  autumn  of  1904  a 
great  exposition  commemorating  the  purchase  by 
the  United  States  from  France  of  the  so-called  Lou- 
isiana Territory.  A  live  stock  department  com- 
mensurate with  the  importance  and  dignity  of  the 
occasion  was  projected  and  carried  out  to  a  success- 
ful consummation,  Hon.  F.  D.  Coburn,  the  veteran 
Secretary  of  the  Kansas  State  Board  of  Agricul- 
ture, holding  the  helm.  The  various  national  organi- 
zations of  breeders  of  pedigree  live  stock  appropri- 
ated money  for  special  prizes  and  cooperated  in  mak- 
ing the  event  a  monumental  success. 

There  was  a  comparatively  light  display  of  the 
i 'white  faces"  at  the  early  fairs  of  1904.  The  big 
guns  were  being  held  in  reserve,  in  many  instances, 
for  the  great  exposition  contest,  which  was  naturally 
the  outstanding  event  of  the  year.  As  this  show 
ranks  with  the  Chicago  Columbian  of  1893  in  point 
of  historic  interest  to  American  cattle  breeders,  the 
full  account  of  the  Hereford  exhibit  as  presented  at 
the  time  by  "The  Breeder's  Gazette"  is  appended:* 

*This  account  of  one  of  the  greatest  Hereford  battles  of 
modern  times  is  presented  not  only  for  the  historical  value  of 
the  prizelist  itself,  but  because  of  its  descriptions  and  criticisms, 
reflecting  as  they  do  the  standard  by  which  Hereford  show  cattle 
were  judged  at  that  time.  It  is  from  the  pen  of  William  R.  Good- 
win, the  present  managing  editor  of  "The  Breeder's  Gazette," 
who  for  a  quarter-century  past  has  been  reviewing  the  leading 
live  stock  shows  of  the  United  States.  His  work  has  dealt  with 


8.74  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

"No  class  of  breeders  has  made  more  systematic, 
thorough  and  painstaking  preparations  for  this 
world's  fair  cattle  show  than  the  men  who  handle 
the  '  white  faces/  Their  reward  has  been  great,  for 
it  was  a  sensational  display  of  the  excellencies  of  the 
breed.  From  Kentucky  to  Nevada  they  came  troop- 
ing at  the  call,  determined  to  make  plain  the  fact  of 
Hereford  early  maturity  and  bloom  in  this  world's 
arena.  And  admirably  did  they  succeed.  From 
start  to  finish,  from  the  moment  that  a  Hereford 
first  entered  the  forum  until  the  last  white-faced  baby 
romped  from  the  ring,  it  was  a  succession  of  classes 
of  astonishing  strength,  with  a  most  notable  absence 
of  inferior  animals. 

"  Never  had  the  feed-bucket  been  more  carefully 
handled,  never  had  the  tonsorial  art  on  the  bovine 
coat  of  hair,  brought  to  such  perfection  by  Hereford 
herdsmen,  been  more  strikingly  illustrated.  It  was 
a  beautiful  display  of  Hereford  strength  and  must 
have  exerted  a  powerful  impression  on  even  the 
most  careless  of  observers.  The  list  of  exhibitors 
who  participated  in  this  event  follows: 

" James  A.  Funkhouser,  Plattsburg,  Mo.;  W.  S. 
VanNatta  &  Son,  Fowler,  Ind. ;  S.  W.  Anderson, 
Blaker  Mills,  W.  Va. ;  Gudgell  &  Simpson,  Independ- 
ence, Mo.;  0.  Harris,  Harris,  Mo.;  W.  H.  Curtice, 
Eminence,  Ky.;  Benton  Gabbert  &  Son,  Dearborn, 
Mo. ;  Egger  Hereford  Cattle  Co.,  Appleton  City, 
Mo.;  C.  N.  Moore,  Lees  Summit,  Mo.;  J.  S.  Lan- 
caster &  Sons,  Liberty,  Mo.;  Fritz  &  Shea,  Blakes- 
burg,  la.;  A.  R.  Firkins,  Worcester,  England;  Wal- 
ter B.  Waddell,  Lexington,  Mo. ;  S.  L.  Brock,  Macon, 
Mo.;  H.  J.  Fluck,  Goodenow,  111.;  C.  G.  Comstock, 

all  the  important  types  of  cattle,  horses,  sheep  and  swine  known 
to  contemporary  stock-breeding-  and  for  comprehensive  grasp 
of  detail,  breadth  of  field  covered,  facility  of  expression  and  fair- 
ness of  treatment  throughout  by  common  consent  it  has  never 
been  equalled  in  the  whole  realm  of  live  stock  criticism. 


HISTORY  REPEATS  875 

Albany,  Mo.;  Steele  Bros.,  Belvoir,  Kans.;  A.  E. 
Haven,  Greenfield,  111.;  Steward  &  Hutcheon,  Bolc- 
kow,  Mo.;  John  Sparks,  Eeno,  Nev. ;  Eagle  Farm 
of  Indiana;  Dette  Bros.,  Brinktown,  Mo.;  Carter  & 
Curtner  of  Indiana;  E.  S.  Burcham,  Windsor,  Mo.; 
Mrs.  K.  W.  Cross,  Emporia,  Kans.;  J.  Condell, 
Eldorado,  Kans.,  and  H.  D.  Martin,  Shelbyville,  Ky. 

"  Thomas  Clark,  Beecher,  111.,  was  nominated  and 
confirmed  as  judge  of  Herefords,  but  later  C.  A. 
Stannard,  Emporia,  Kans.,  was  appointed  to  work 
with  him. 

"Aged  Bulls. — 1,  Prime  Lad;  sire,  Kansas  Lad 
Jr.;  W.  S.  VanNatta  &  Son.  2,  Bright  Donald;  sire, 
Donald  Dhu;  Gudgell  &  Simpson.  3,  Onward  4th; 
sire,  March  On  6th ;  James  A.  Funkhouser.  4,  Fulfill- 
er;  sire,  Improver;  0.  Harris.  5,  Beau  March  On; 
sire,  March  On  5th;  C.  N.  Moore.  6,  Actor  26th; 
sire,  Actor  3d;  S.  W.  Anderson.  7,  Beau  Donald 
39th;  sire,  Beau  Donald;  W.  H.  Curtice. 

"The  bulls  on  the  prizelist  are  familiar  figures, 
or  well  known  by  name.  The  repeated  trial  of 
strength  between  Prime  Lad  and  Onward  4th  here 
resulted  in  another  triumph  for  the  former,  the 
March  On  6th  bull  getting  a  hard  setback  to  third 
place.  Prime  Lad  had  been  handled  for  a  couple 
of  years  with  especial  reference  to  the  St.  Louis 
competition  and  he  fulfilled  all  hopes  and  expecta- 
tions. This  level-lined  shapely  quality-sort  bull 
with  his  large  and  drooping  horn,  his  neat  bone, 
his  bulging  buttocks,  furnishes  many  of  the  ele- 
ments which  popularly  inhere  in  a  champion.  He 
is  not  of  the  bulkiest  pattern,  nor  is  he  on  the  small 
side.  He  has  matured  a  little  since  last  season, 
but  has  suffered  a  slipping  of  flesh  from  the  shoul- 
ders, while  the  'band'  back  of  the  crops  is  a  trifle 
more  pronounced.  He  is  a  bull  of  flesh  and  finish, 


876  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

balanced  at  both  ends,  and  strong  in  the  middle 
except  at  the  point  noted.  Compared  to  the  low- 
legged  Onward  4th  both  Prime  Lad  and  Bright 
Donald  looked  a  bit  off  the  ground,  but  that  is  on 
account  of  the  remarkable  brevity  of  the  under- 
pinning of  the  March  On  6th  bull.  It  would  per- 
haps be  asking  too  much  for  a  bull  of  his  weight, 
bulk  and  sappiness  to  hold  his  back  altogether  level, 
and  the  remarkably  high  carriage  of  head  adds  to 
the  impression  of  slackness  of  top.  He  is  extremely 
wide  and  rotund  in  his  turning,  magnificent  in  his 
head,  horn  and  crest,  and  great  in  buttocks  and 
twist.  Bright  Donald  is  a  little  different  type,  a 
very  straight-lined  yellow-red,  with  strong  heavy 
well-fashioned  hind-quarters,  a  pleasing  head  and 
horn  and  a  great  weight  of  mellow  flesh,  but  with  a 
roughness  of  shoulder  that  stands  against  him.  Of 
Fulfiller  it  may  be  said  that  he  has  not  fulfilled  his 
early  promise.  In  his  youth  he  was  easily  the  best 
bull  produced  at  Weavergrace.  He  is  extremely  low 
and  broad  and  wealthily  fleshed,  but  he  does  not 
carry  a  level  topline  and  his  hips  are  somewhat  too 
wide.  Beau  March  On  is  a  neat-boned  bull,  of  ex- 
cellent top  and  plenty  of  finish,  but  his  underline 
shows  some  suggestion  of  pinch.  Actor  26th  carries 
his  heavy  weight  close  to  the  ground  and  his  ribs 
are  well  sprung  and  covered,  but  he  lacks  the 
smoothness  of  outline  carried  by  Beau  Donald  39th. 
This  bull  continues  to  present  the  bullet-like  style 
of  architecture,  with  tremendous  heavy  hind  end, 
and  his  place  at  the  bottom  of  the  list  was  much 
of  a  surprise. 

"We  depart  in  this  instance  from  the  rule  limit- 
ing comment  to  prize-winners  to  note  the  presence 
in  the  ring  of  the  English  champion  bull  Happy 
Christmas.  He  is  a  bull  of  great  bulk  and  attractive 
in  his  fashioning  forward,  but  evidently  he  has  seen 


HISTORY  REPEATS  877 

better  days  and  at  this  time  was  not  in  fit  form  to 
cope -with  such  a  company. 

The  Two- Year-Olds. — 1,  Defender;  sire,  Perfec- 
tion; C.  G.  Comstock.  2,  Keep  On  26th;  sire,  Keep 
On;  0.  Harris.  3,  Donald  March  On;  sire,  March 
On;  W.  S.  VanNatta  &  Son.  4,  Prince  Eupert  8th; 
sire,  Prince  Eupert;  W.  H.  Curtice.  5,  Eight  Lad; 
sire,  Kansas  Lad,  Jr.;  S.  L.  Brock.  6,  Eomulus; 
sire,  Militant;  Gudgell  &  Simpson.  7,  Marmaduke 
5th ;  sire,  Marmaduke ;  S.  W.  Anderson. 

"This  company  called  forward  some  bulls  of  a 
lot  of  size  for  the  age,  and  a  few  of  them  were  a 
trifle  too  up-standing.  Brevity  of  legs  and  weight 
in  small  superficies  are  cardinal  points  of  excellence 
in  the  Herefords,  and  are  too  highly  prized  and  too 
deeply  ingrained  in  the  breed  to  be  lost.  Defender 
has  been  growing  in  popularity  as  he  has  been 
strengthening  in  form.  He  is  perhaps  on  the  large 
side,  yet  not  coarse  nor  wanting  type.  He  has  a 
commanding  presence,  a  good  horn,  splendid  crest, 
great  width  of  top  and  smoothness  of  turning,  and 
is  particularly  heavy  and  well  finished  in  the  hind- 
quarters. Keep  On  26th  is  quite  on  the  other  type, 
presenting  the  no-legged  breadth  and  bulk  propo- 
sition in  rather  spectacular  fashion.  He  has  a  beau- 
tifully carved  countenance,  but  a  surplusage  of  bris- 
ket. His  ribs  are  widely  sprung,  his  loins  deeply 
packed,  his  rounds  very  full,  but  there  is  a  little  un- 
evenness  on  the  top  of  his  hind-quarters.  Donald 
March  On  is  off  the  same  fashioning  block  in  large 
degree,  holding  his  widespread  frame  close  to  the 
ground  and  claiming  attention  to  the  remarkable 
development  of  thighs  and  rounds,  but  a  little  heavy 
in  his  lower  lines.  Prince  Eupert  8th  reverts  again 
to  the  type  at  the  head  of  the  class,  possessing 
stretch,  but  low  of  leg;  his  foreribs  could  arch  a 
trifle  more,  but  beneath  his  yellow-red  coat  he  car- 


878  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ries  a  tremendous  weight  of  firm  flesh.  Eight  Lad 
needs  to  come  nearer  the  ground;  he  has  the. head 
of  a  feeder,  a  grand  top  and  a  particularly  well 
filled  chine  and  impressive  crest.  Eomulus  returns 
to  the  blocky  sort — a  bull  of  good  head  and  horn 
and  attractive  presence. 

"Senior  Yearlings. — 1,  Onward  18th;  sire,  March 
On  6th;  James  A.  Funkhouser.  2,  Benjamin  Wilton 
10th;  sire  Benjamin  Wilton;  0.  Harris.  3,  Beau 
Donald  58th;  sire,  Beau  Donald;  W.  H.  Curtice.  4, 
Beau  Donald  66th;  sire,  Beau  Donald;  W.  H.  Cur- 
tice. 5,  Princeps  8th;  sire,  Princeps;  Steele  Bros. 
6,  Bare  Lad;  sire,  Kansas  Lad  Jr.;  S.  L.  Brock.  7, 
Leader;  sire,  Beaumont;  Steward  &  Hutcheon. 

"One  of  the  most  stubborn  contests  of  the  week 
quickly  developed  as  Onward  18th  and  Benjamin 
Wilton  10th  assumed  positions  on  the  firing  line. 
The  latter  is  a  bit  the  taller,  and  shows  more  growth 
of  frame,  with  clean  throttle,  a  roomy  middlepiece 
that  is  arched  over  in  strong  fashion  to  carry  its 
weight  of  beef,  loins  that  are  the  glory  of  the  Here- 
ford in  its  best  estate,  and  hips  neatly  covered.  On- 
ward 18th  is  somewhat  wanting  the  scale  of  his 
rival,  is  well  rounded  on  the  rib,  but  a  trifle  narrow 
over  the  shoulders,  remarkable  in  the  full-fashioning 
of  his  Ijind-quarters,  surpassing  the  others  in  this 
respect,  and  showing  a  blockier  conformation 
throughout.  A  bull's  head,  smooth  shoulders,  level 
strong  back,  full  flanks,  and  much  heft  of  hind-quar- 
ters characterize  Beau  Donald  58th.  Beau  Donald 
66th  is  a  soggy  sort,  neat-boned,  great-crested,  wide 
of  chest,  finely  ribbed  and  plump  in  covering  of 
loins.  Such  finish  at  the  tailhead  as  is  carried  by 
Princeps  8th  is  highly  desirable,  especially  when  it 
is  joined  with  his  rotund  turn  of  top,  neat  hips  and 
nice  style ;  a  little  more  fullness  of  heart-girth  would 
improve  this  bull.  Eare  Lad  carries  lots  of  sub- 


Bert  Flack  \  Harry J.Fluck 


880  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

stance,  is  well  conditioned  and  presents  a  width  of 
front  and  covering  of  forerib  that  are  pleasing. 
Leader  is  a  strong-framed  chap,  with  well  distribu- 
ted mellow  flesh  and  loin  of  attractive  fullness. 

" Junior  Yearlings. — 1,  Beau  President;  sire,  Beau 
Brummel;  Gudgell  &  Simpson.  2,  Onward  23d;  sire, 
March  On  6th;  James  A.  Funkhouser.  3,  Meteor; 
sire,  Hesiod  17th ;  Benton  Gabbert  &  Son.  4,  Hidrot- 
ic  Alamo;  sire,  McCord;  John  Sparks.  5,  Actor 
30th ;  sire,  Actor  3d ;  S.  W.  Anderson.  6,  Marchette ; 
sire,  March  On  5th;  S.  L.  Brock.  7,  World  >s  Fair 
Winner;  sire,  Sotham;  Dette  Bros. 

4 'Brevity  of  underpinning,  levelness  of  top,  and 
blockiness  of  build  doubtless  stood  Beau  President 
well  in  hand  when  he  faced  his  competitors  in  this 
lot.  The  steaks  that  can  be  cut  from  his  swelling 
rounds  would  weigh  out  heavily  over  the  butcher's 
block.  Onward  23d  has  more  stretch  than  the  ma- 
jority of  the  March  On  6th  progeny,  the  same  mascu- 
line character,  and  rotund  buttocks.  Meteor  is  a 
dark-colored  red,  very  round  and  bullet-like,  carry- 
ing a  lot  of  flesh  in  smooth  form,  but  a  trifle  narrow 
in  his  head.  Hidrotic  Alamo  charmed  with  the  beau- 
tiful smoothness  of  his  outlines,  his  neat-laid  shoul- 
ders and  well  covered  hips  uniting  to  present  a  bull 
of  much  evenness.  Actor  30th  is  a  wide-topped  bull 
of  good  depth,  carrying  his  bulk  on  hind  legs  that 
are  nicely  modeled.  Marchette  is  one  of  the  egg-like 
kind  with  no  waste  of  leg,  and  nicely  ornamented  in 
horn.  Length,  style,  good  back  and  nice  quality  are 
present  in  World's  Fair  Winner,  but  he  had  a 
mighty  narrow  margin  in  which  to  make  good  his 
name. 

"  Senior  Bull  Calves. — 1,  Mapleton;  sire,  Beau- 
mont; Steward  &  Hutcheon.  2,  Good  Enough  4th; 
sire,  Good  Enough  3d;  0.  Harris.  3,  Distributor;  sire, 
Disturber,  S.  L.  Brock."  4,  Bold  Rex;  sire,  Dandy 


HISTORY   REPEATS  881 

Rex;  Gudgell  &  Simpson.  5,  Actor  35th;  sire,  Actor 
3d;  S.  W.  Anderson.  6,  Haven's  Protector;  sire,  Pro- 
tector; A.  E.  Haven.  7,  Advance;  sire,  Onward  4th; 
W.  S.  VanNatta  &  Son. 

"  There  were  nuts  to  crack  among  the  senior 
calves.  More  than  a  score  assembled  and  the  round 
finally  resolved  itself  into  a  consideration  of  the 
conflicting  claims  of  Mapleton  and  Good  Enough  4th. 
In  this  Mapleton  we  have  champion  stuff.  He  has 
already  attained  the  title  of  junior  champion,  and  if 
the  fates  are  kind  to  him  higher  honor  seems  in  sight 
in  the  future.  He  is  good  enough  to  be  discussed 
negatively.  That  is  to  say,  if  the  tail  were  a  bit 
more  neatly  set  on  the  rump  the  man  who  would 
throw  stones  at  him  would  endeavor  to  pick  flaws 
in  a  diamond  of  the  first  water.  In  his  form,  his 
substance  and  his  finish  Mapleton  is  18-karat  gold. 
But  it  required  the  services  of  T.  J.  Wornall  as  ref- 
eree to  land  him  in  premier  position,  so  hard  did 
Good  Enough  4th  push  him.  The  latter  is  a  young- 
ster of  wonderful  ripeness,  with  ample  style  and  fin- 
ish at  tailhead,  deep  flanks  and  a  furry  coat.  Mr. 
Wornall  agreed  with  Mr.  Clark  in  sending  Mapleton 
to  the  top.  Barring  a  little  unevenness  at  the  tail- 
head  Distributor  is  like  cast  from  a  bullet  mold. 
Rounds,  loins,  ribs  and  head  are  capital.  The  cylin- 
drical form  is  nicely  illustrated  in  Bold  Rex,  bar- 
ring a  little  flatness  of  forerib.  A  big  end,  a  good 
head  and  compact  well  finished  form  are  shown  by 
Actor  35th.  Haven's  Protector  is -a  shade  darker 
than  the  average  in  coat,  of  good  growth  and  mel- 
low in  his  flesh.  There  is  a  lot  of  growth  to  Ad- 
vance, and  he  shows  fair  depth  of  body. 

"Junior  Bull  Calves. — 1,  Sagamore;  sire,  Bright 
Donald;  Gudgell  &  Simpson.  2,  Good  Enough  10th; 
sire,  Good  Enough  3d;  0.  Harris.  3,  Onward  30th; 
sire  March  On  6th;  James  A.  Funkhouser.  4,  Beau 


882  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Donald  75th;  sire,  Beau  Donald;  W.  H.  Curtice.  5, 
Mapleton  Beau;  sire,  Beaumont;  Steward  &  Hutch- 
eon.  6,  Don  Irving;  sire,  Henry  Irving;  W.  S.  Van- 
Natta  &  Son.  7,  Onward  31st;  sire,  March  On  6th; 
James  A.  Funkhouser. 

"A  genuinely  good  one  fore  and  aft  is  Sagamore, 
a  calf  of  true  lines,  set  right  af  the  ground,  level  of 
top  and  bottom,  and  with  hind-quarters  that  carry 
the  twist  well  down  to  the  hocks  and  fill  the  lower 
rounds.  Good  Enough  10th  is  a  calf  of  more  growth, 
furry-coated  and  very  sappy,  a  veal  ready  for  the 
block  but  not  so  strong  in  the  back  as  Sagamore.  On- 
ward 30th  and  Onward  31st  were  on  the  list,  the 
former  a  little  dark  in  coat,  of  blocky  build  and  on 
short  legs,  the  latter  a  lighter  red  of  choice  quality, 
not  so  wide  as  his  companion  but  sweeter  and  like  an 
apple  in  his  smoothness.  Donald  75th  is  one  of  those 
lathe-turned  chaps  that  has  the  mellowness  of  a 
ripe  peach.  Mapleton  Beau  is  a  rather  wee  one,  well 
lined  out  and  nice  in  his  quality,  while  Don  Irving 
has  scale  and  length  and  a  real  round  build  over  the 
back  with  well  finished  quarters.  This  was  a  capital 
lot  of  youngsters  and  likely  contains  some  names,  that 
will  be  widely  known  to  fame  in  the  future. 

"Aged  Cows. — 1,  Lorna  Doone;  sire,  Christopher; 
W.  S.  VanNatta  &  Son.  2,  Belle  Donald  44th;  sire, 
Beau  Donald;  W.  H.  Curtice.  3,  Priscilla  5th;  sire, 
Lamplighter;  Gudgell  &  Simpson.  4,  Eomaine;  sire, 
March  On  6th;  James  A.  Funkhouser.  5,  Dorinda; 
sire,  Beau  Brummel;  Fritz  &  Shea.  6,  Modesty  3d; 
sire,  Beau  Brummel;  Gudgell  &  Simpson.  7,  Belle 
Donald  59th;  sire,  Beau  Donald;  W.  H.  Curtice. 

* '  A  score  of  cows,  rather  variant  in  size  and  condi- 
tion, some  in  the  height  of  shpwyard  condition  and 
others  with  sucking  calves  at  foot,  made  up  a  com- 
pany that  commanded  a  large  degree  of  the  time^  of 
the  judges  who  finally  referred  the  allotment  of  third 


HISTORY  REPEATS  883 

prize  to  N.  H.  Gentry,  being  unable  to  agree.  Five 
cows  were  selected  and  sent  over  to  one  side  the 
arena  and  there  the  scrutiny  was  prolonged.  Lorna 
Do  one,  thus  far  the  winner  of  the  year,  assumed  her 
accustomed  place.  She  had  stout  friends  for  higher 
favor  than  she  received  last  year,  but  now  all  seem 
ready  to  do  her  reverence.  Her  kindly  countenance 
is  ornamented  with  a  horn  that  is  a  bit  old-fashioned 
in  its  turning  but  not  the  least  homely;  the  carcass 
proposition  finds  its  best  exemplification  in  her  broad 
bosom,  widespread  frame  and  generous  expanse  of 
top.  Some  little  weakness  develops  on  an  examina- 
tion of  the  thighs,  but  the  cow  in  her  massiveness  and 
trueness  to  type  readily  takes  high  rank.  Belle  Don- 
ald 44th  is  entitled  to  consideration  among  the  best  of 
them.  She  is  of  fine  size,  marked  quality,  broad- 
bosomed,  deep-middled,  with  back  hooped  like  a  bar- 
rel and  hind-quarters  well  filled.  By  vote  of  referee 
Gentry  Priscilla  5th  was  set  above  Romaine.  The 
former  is  a  very  short-legged  cow,  looking  a  bit  small 
in  her  present  company,  with  very  sweet  feminine 
head  and  drooping  horns,  straight  topline  and  thick 
flesh.  Romaine  is  another  wide-out  block,  standing 
right  at  the  ground,  with  broad  turn  to  the  ribs  which 
are  literally  rolled  and  padded  in  smooth  flesh.  She 
shows  a  beautiful  face  and  if  she  were  equally  well 
finished  behind  would  make  more  trouble  for  her 
competitors.  Dorinda  is  a  cow  of  beautiful  sym- 
metry, wanting  just  a  little  closer  carriage  to  the 
ground.  She  may  be  a  bit  light  about  the  neck  but 
few  of  them  are  so  well  proportioned,  so  grandly 
finished  in  the  hind-quarters  and  so  chock  full  of 
quality.  Modesty  3d  hugs  the  ground  closely,  the 
head  is  pretty  and  the  horns  curving,  the  veins  are 
full,  the  top  wide  and  the  thighs  well  fleshed.  It  is 
a  little  singular  that  full  sisters  should  find  place  on 
this  prizelist,  and  yet  such  is  the  fact.  Belle  Don- 


884  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

aid  59th  comes  from  the  mating  that  produced  the 
second-prize  cow  in  this  company.  She  is  a  year 
younger,  carries  much  scale,  a  fine  back  and  great 
hind-quarters. 

"The  Two-Year-Olds. — 1,  Amelia;  sire,  Premier; 
0.  Harris.  2,  Heliotrope;  sire,  Princeps;  Steele  Bros. 

3,  Twila;  sire,  March  On  6th;  James  A.  Funkhouser. 

4,  Domestic;  sire,  Princeps;  Steele  Bros.     5,  Belle 
Donald  60th;  sire,  Beau  Donald;  W.  H.  Curtice.    6, 
Cleo  March  On;  sire,  March  On;  W.  S.  VanNatta  & 
Son.    7,  Belle  Donald  61st;  sire,  Beau  Donald;  W.  H. 
Curtice. 

i  i  A  marvel  of  a  middle  is  carried  by  Amelia.  Her 
head  is  delightful  in  its  femininity,  her  spread  of 
back  is  tremendous,  its  covering  deep,  but  she  fails  a 
little  at  the  tail.  Heliotrope  is  a  bit  higher  on  the  leg, 
a  heifer  of  ample  scale,  grand  top,  neat  brisket,  well 
finished  hind  end  and  strong  thighs.  Twila  is  darker 
in  coat  and  nearer  the  ground,  with  big  middle,  a  rib 
that  is  arched  to  carry  weight,  a  well  finished  head 
and  horn,  but  not  so  neat  in  the  hooks  or  the  rump 
as  Heliotrope.  Domestic  is  a  bit  smaller  than  her 
stable-mate  Heliotrope,  more  compact  in  form,  of 
admirable  outlines,  plenty  of  mellow  flesh  and  a 
drooping  horn.  Belle  Donald  60th  and  Belle  Donald 
61st  are  an  impressive  pair,  both  of  size  and  sub- 
stance, the  former  smooth-fronted  and  square-fin- 
ished behind,  broad  of  loin  but  a  trifle  light  of 
thigh,  the  latter  dark  in  coat,  broad  of  loin  and  like- 
wise wide  of  hips,  and  heavily  fleshed.  Cleo  March 
On  is  a  heifer  of  remarkable  width  of  carcass  and 
depth,  one  of  the  largest-middled  heifers  that  the 
breed  has  shown  us. 

"Senior  Yearlings. — 1,  Arminta  4th;  sire,  Prem- 
ier; 0.  Harris.  2,  Iva  4th;  sire,  Benjamin  Wilton;  0. 
Harris.  3,  Ravilla;  sire,  Hesiod  2d;  James  A.  Funk- 
houser. 4,  Belle  Donald  74th ;  sire,  Beau  Donald ;  W. 


HISTORY   REPEATS  885 

H.  Curtice.  5,  Princess  May  3d;  sire,  Princeps; 
Steele  Bros.  6,  Belle  of  Whitebreast;  sire,  Dandy 
Eex;  Fritz  &  Shea.  7,  Capitola  20th;  sire,  Martinet; 
Gudgell  &  Simpson. 

"The  leading  position  in  this  class  was  assumed 
by  a  heifer  in  the  highest  condition.  Arminta  4th 
is  a  remarkable  block,  with  pleasing  countenance, 
and  a  smoothness  that  is  carried  uniformly  through 
her  make-up.  It  is  such  width  of  body,  cover  of 
flesh  in  the  high-priced  parts  and  neatness  that  give 
heifers  call  on  such  honors.  Iva  4th  is  larger  than 
her  companion,  with  the  neckvein  of  a  feeder,  fine 
head,  well  developed  thighs,  and  a  big  middle,  but 
she  is  not  so  neat  about  the  hips.  In  head  Ravilla 
is  hardly  the  equal  of  the  pair  that  stood  above  her; 
she  has  enough  size,  the  rib  is  well  let  down,  the 
flanks  are  full  and  the  flesh  is  ample.  Belle  Donald 
74th  is  a  great  hind-ended  heifer,  but  wants  swell- 
ing out  a  little  in  the  forerib.  She  stands  on  ab- 
breviated legs  and  her  flesh  in  its  mellowness  is 
pleasing.  A  little  more  strength  of  neck  would  im- 
prove Princess  May  3d,  which  joins  to  a  hind-quar- 
ter of  exceptional  excellence  a  well  ribbed  top. 
Belle  of  Whitebreast  shows  a  little  darker  in  the 
coat  than  her  companions  on  the  list;  she  has  a  level- 
ness  of  form  that  is  taking  and  her  flesh  is  well  dis- 
tributed. Capitola  20th  is  low  enough  but  scarcely 
carries  the  width  of  some  of  those  ahead  of  her. 
The  head  is  pretty  and  is  ornamented  with  a  set  of 
incurved  horns. 

•"Junior  Yearlings.— 1,  Miss  Donald  5th;  sire, 
Beau  Donald  5th;  0.  Harris.  2,  Kathleen;  sire, 
March  On  6th;  James  A.  Funkhouser.  3,  Mayflower; 
sire,  Beaumont;  Steward  &  Hutcheon.  4,  Belle 
Donald  77th;  sire,  Beau  Donald;  W.  H.  Curtice.  5, 
Belle  Donald  76th;  sire,  Beau  Donald;  W.  H.  Cur- 
tice. 6,  Lady  March  On;  sire,  March  On;  W.  S. 


886  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

VanNatta  &  Son.     7,  Miss  Donald  3d;  sire,  Beau 
Donald  5th;  0.  Harris. 

"Much  wrestling  produced  the  prizelist  here.  It 
would  have  been  easier  were  't'other  dear  charmer 
away,7  but  she  was  not.  She  was  right  there  and 
silently  but  none  the  less  forcibly  demanding  con- 
sideration. For  the  blue  ribbon  wearer  it  may  be 
said  that  she  is  a  nugget  that  finds  her  most  notice- 
able weakness  at  the  rumps.  The  forerib  is  phe- 
nomenal, the  face  pleasing,  the  veins  full,  the  flanks 
well  let  down,  and  the  back  turned  out  of  a  mold 
including  the  hips,  which  are  imbedded  almost  'out 
of  feel.'  Kathleen  carries  a  little  more  depth  of 
rib,  some  greater  size,  but  hardly  the  width.  She 
is  finished  about  the  head  and  neatly  put  together 
in  the  shoulders.  Mayflower  was  at  a  double  dis- 
advantage, she  was  short  of  age  and  a  suit  of  hair. 
The  hand  found  plenty  of  flesh  to  make  an  interest- 
ing fight  with  those  above  her,  but  a  curly  coat 
gives  an  advantage  to  the  eye  that  is  with  difficulty 
counteracted  by  the  hand.  She  lacks  the  depth  of 
her  competitors,  but  is  sweet,  level  on  top  and 
rounding  in  her  outlines,  neatly  finished  at  the  tail 
and  full  in  neck-veins.  Belle  Donald  77th  stands 
nearer  the  ground  than  the  others,  is  firm  to  the 
touch,  but  not  neat  at  the  tailhead.  Her  half  sister 
Belle  Donald  76th  is  a  broad-faced  big-framed 
heifer  with  even  more  weight  of  flesh.  Lady  March 
On  is  a  deep  and  roomy  heifer,  with  a  little  uneven- 
ness  about  the  hooks.  Miss  Donald  3d  is  a  wide- 
topped  one  and  carries  plenty  of  flesh  where  it 
should  be  laid  on. 

1  'Senior  Heifer  Calves.— 1,  Purple  Leaf  2d;  sire, 
Good  Enough  3d;  0.  Harris.  2,  Beaumont's  Queen; 
sire,  Beaumont;  Steward  &  Hutcheon.  3,  Miss  Don- 
ald 6th;  sire,  Beau  Donald  5th;  0.  Harris.  4,  Dawn; 
sire,  March  On  6th;  James  A.  Funkhouser.  5, 


HISTORY   REPEATS  887 

Blanche  28th;  sire,  Paladin;  Gudgell  &  Simpson.  6, 
Dorinne  19th;  sire,  Dandy  Rex;  Gudgell  &  Simpson. 
7,  Onward 's  Elsie;  sire,  Onward  4th;  W.  S.  Van- 
Natta  &  Son. 

"Purple  Leaf  2d  could  win  on  her  coat,  if  a  prize 
were  offered  for  a  furry  robe.  But  she  has  more 
substantial  claims  to  consideration  in  her  width  and 
depth  and  true  proportions.  Finish  at  both  ends  is 
ample.  Beaumont 's  Queen  is  smoothly  fashioned, 
drops  her  flank  to  the  limit,  and  shows  sweet  char- 
acter. Miss  Donald  6th  is  remarkably  mature  of 
form,  considerably  larger  in  her  middlepiece  than 
the  one  above  her,  finely  coated  and  attractive  in 
her  countenance.  Mellowness  sticks  out  all  over 
Dawn;  that  yellow-red  coat  seems  commonly  to 
cover  a  wealth  of  flesh  even  and  springy  to  the 
hand,  and  it  is  so  in  this  case.  Blanche  28th  is  of 
the  same  hue;  she  is  well  spread  in  hind-quarters 
and  wide  enough  forward,  showing  a  well  rounded 
chine  and  excellent  forerib.  Dorinne  19th  is  a  bit 
tall  in  comparison,  but  well  let  down  in  her  ribs  and 
padded  in  her  loins.  Onward 's  Elsie  is  a  somewhat 
better  type,  showing  a  lot  of  breadth  and  ample 
cover. 

"  Junior  Heifer  Calves. — 1,  Miss  Donald  17th;  sire, 
Beau  Donald  5th;  0.  Harris.  2,  Belle  17th;  sire, 
Paladin;  Steward  &  Hutcheon.  3,  Miss  Donald  18th; 
sire,  Beau  Donald  5th;  0.  Harris.  4,  Estella;  sire, 
Princeps;  Steele  Bros.  5,  Bonita;  sire,  Lord  Saxon; 
Mrs.  Kate  W.  Cross.  6,  Evangeline;  sire,  Peerless 
Wilton  39th;  H.  J.  Fluck.  7,  Regina;  sire,  Hesiod 
85th;  James  A.  Funkhouser. 

"Miss  Donald  17th  and  Miss  Donald  18th  were 
separated  on  the  list  by  Belle  17th.  The  first  named 
is  sweet  and  sappy  and  well  grown;  her  companion 
holds  her  width  evenly,  is  neatly  finished  in  her 
quarters  and  exceptionally  good  in  her  body.  Belle 


888  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

17th  is  big-ended,  wide-backed  and  carries  a  bit 
more  scale.  Estella  is  full-thighed  and  good  in  mid- 
dle, but  not  so  smooth  in  her  shoulders  or  her  hips. 
Bonita  was  one  of  the  best  grown  and  sappiest  in 
the  company,  an  even  calf  in  make-up  with  plenty 
of  depth  of  rib.  A  little  nugget  is  Evangeline  and 
Regina  is  on  the  same  order. 

"Get  of  Sire  (Four).— 1,  Curtice  on  Beau  Donald. 
2,  Funkhouser  on  March  On  6th.  3,  Steele  Bros,  on 
Princeps.  4,  Curtice  on  Beau  Donald.  5,  Harris  on 
Beau  Donald  5th.  6,  Steward  &  Hutcheon  on  Beau- 
mont. 7,  Gudgell  &  Simpson  on  Beau  Brummel. 

"Produce  of  Cow  (Two). — 1,  Curtice  on  Minnie 
H.  2,  Funkhouser  on  Keepsake.  3,  Curtice  on 
Sophia.  4,  Funkhouser  on  Dewdrop.  5,  Harris  on 
Iva.  6,  Steele  Bros,  on  Lady  May  3d.  7,  Fritz  & 
Shea  on  Dprinda, 

"Championships. — Senior  champion  bull,  W.  S. 
VanNatta  &  Son's  Prime  Lad;  reserve  senior  cham- 
pion, Harris'  Defender.  Junior  champion  bull, 
Steward  &  Hutcheon  ?s  Mapleton;  reserve  junior 
champion,  Gudgell  &  Simpson's  Beau  President. 

"Senior  champion  cow,  VanNatta  &  Son's  Lorna 
Doone;  reserve  senior  champion,  0.  Harris'  Amelia, 
Junior  champion  female,  Harris'  Arminta  4th;  re- 
serve junior  champion,  Harris'  Miss  Donald  5th. 

1 l  Grand  champion  bull,  Prime  Lad ;  reserve  grand 
champion,  Mapleton. 

"Grand  champion  female,  Lorna  Doone;  reserve 
grand  champion,  Arminta  4th. 

"Group  Prizes. — Aged  herds — 1,  Harris.  2,  Funk- 
houser. 3,  Curtice.  4,  VanNatta  &  Son.  5,  Gudgell 
&  Simpson.  6,  Steele  Bros.  7,  Anderson.  Aged 
herds  (females  bred  by  exhibitor) — 1,  Harris.  2, 
Funkhouser.  3,  VanNatta  &  Son.  4,  Gudgell  & 
Simpson.  5,  Steele  Bros.  6,  Anderson. 

"Young    herds — 1,    Harris.     2,    Funkhouser.     3, 


HISTORY   REPEATS  889 

Gudgell  &  Simpson.  4,  Curtice.  5,  Steele  Bros. 
6,  Steward  &  Hutcheon.  7,  Harris.  Young  herds 
(females  bred  by  exhibitor) — 1,  Harris.  2,  Funk- 
houser.  3,  Gudgell  &  Simpson.  4,  Curtice.  5,  Steele 
Bros.  6,  Steward  &  Hutcheon.  7,  Harris. " 

A  VanNatta  Triumph. — The  winning  of  both  the 
male  and  the  female  championships  at  this  crown- 
ing event  in  American  showyard  history  with  Prime 
Lad  and  Lorna  Doone  as  well  as  at  the  Chicago  In- 
ternational in  December,  was  a  fitting  climax  to  the 
work  of  William  S.  VanNatta.  For  a  quarter  of  a 
century  he  had  been  a  steadfast  follower  of  Here- 
ford fortunes,  through  adversity  as  well  as  through 
seasons  of  prosperity.  Never  carried  away  by  his 
own  successes  beyond  the  line  of  safety,  never  los- 
ing faith  in  the  ultimate  place  of  good  "  white 
faces"  in  the  American  cattle  trade,  working  away 
along  practical  lines  at  all  times,  even  when  pedi- 
gree cattle  were  going  at  beef  prices,  his  hand  never 
wearied,  his  heart  never  wavered  in  the  course  of 
his  work  in  behalf  of  Hereford  cattle  in  the  United 
States.  Now  ably  seconded  by  his  son,  Frank,  he 
not  only  had  the  satisfaction  of  receiving  the  high- 
fst  honors  of  the  year,  but  was  secure  in  the  knowl- 
edge that  his  work  would  be  faithfully  and  intelli- 
gently carried  forward. 

Death  of  Gov.  Simpson. — As  the  sands  of  1903 
ran  out  the  life  of  one  of  the  greatest  of  all  the 
Hereford  pioneers  was  slowly  ebbing,  and  on  Jan.  5, 
1904,  Thomas  Alexander  Simpson  passed  over  the 
.great  divide  at  the  ripe  age  of  82  years.  In  the 
years  1880,  1881  and  1882  he  had  selected  for  im- 


890  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

portation  by  the  firm  of  Gudgell  &  Simpson  no  less 
than  500  head  of  Hereford  and  Aberdeen- Angus  cat- 
tle, including  Anxiety  4th.  He  was  a  striking  figure 
in  any  company,  tall  and  imposing,  with  strength  of 
character  stamped  in  every  feature,  yet  dignified, 
gentle  and  modest  in  his  bearing.  He  was  one  of 
the  keenest  judges  of  cattle  this  country  has  pro- 
duced. No  man  was  more  tenacious  of  his  opinion 
or  less  aggressive  in  its  expression.  He  was  broad- 
minded  and  tolerant  of  the  judgment  of  others, 
while  clear  and  firm  in  his  own  convictions.  He 
was  a  man  of  such  few  words  and  so  deprecatingly 
modest  in  his  manner  that  first  impressions  needed 
revision.  When  it  came  to  trading,  English  and 
Scotch  breeders  found  concealed  behind  this  quiet 
demeanor  a  judgment  and  a  shrewdness  which  they 
had  little  expected  to  encounter.  It  was  diamond 
cut  diamond.  No  man  left  behind  him  in  Britain  a 
greater  reputation  for  keen  judgment  of  animal  and 
price  than  did  Gov.  Simpson.  It  was  a  wonderful 
lot  of  cattle  he  selected  of  both  breeds  and  no  little 
of  the  history  of  the  Hereford  and  Aberdeen- Angus 
in  America  originated  in  the  operations  under  this 
master  breeder's  mind.  Gov.  Simpson's  name 
stands  high  on  the  honor  roll  of  the  great  American 
improvers  of  beef  cattle  stocks. 

Dull  Days.— There  is  little  to  be  said  about  the 
status  of  the  trade  in  1905.  The  business  of  extend- 
ing the  use  of  purebred  bulls  on  the  western  ranges 
was  going  on  as  usual,  but  there  was  an  almost  en- 
tire absence  of  speculative  spirit.  As  a  matter  of 


FRANK     VANNATTA. 


892  A   HISTORY   OF    HEREFORD    CATTLE 

fact,  it  is  during  just  such  dull  periods,  however, 
that  foundations  for  future  successes  are  always 
laid  by  men  possessed  of  foresight  and  sufficient 
capital  to  make  selections  of  good  animals  when 
subnormal  prices  prevail.  The  business  was  enter- 
ing a  quiet  stage,  but  a  situation  which  after  all 
'was  conducive  to  real  progress.  Still  waters  always 
run  deepest. 

On  April  25  A.  C.  Huxley  of  Bunker  Hill,  Ind., 
sold  40  head  at  $170.50,  R.  C.  Cain  of  the  Hoosier 
state  giving  $1,000  for  the  bull  Merry  Dale.  The 
usual  fall  combination  sale  at  Kansas  City  resulted 
in  an  average  of  $215.25  for  57  head.  E.  E.  Morgan 
of  Kansas  gave  $1,400  for  the  Funkhouser  bull  On- 
ward 18th.  At  the  same  place  in  December  Messrs. 
Armour  and  Funkhouser  had  a  fairly  good  sale  of 
75  head  averaging  $200.45,  at  which  Messrs.  J.  &  B. 
Miller  of  Iowa  gave  $1,105  for  the  Gabbert-bred 
bull  Columbus  60th. 

"Individual  Merit  by  Inheritance. '  '—This  Sotham 
slogan  found  marvelous  exemplification  at  the  Kan- 
sas City  Royal  and  the  Chicago  International  of 
1905.  At  the  former  show  Mr.  Comstock  had  first- 
prize  and  senior  championship  with  Defender,  son 
of  Perfection,  the  great  son  of  Dale.  Defender  had 
narrowly  missed  the  championship  honors  in  1904, 
and  at  Kansas  City  a  year  later  could  not  be  denied 
the  place.  Another  son  of  Perfection  that  was  to 
cut  a  great  figure  appeared  at  this  same  show — the 
first-prize  senior  yearling  shown  by  Mr.  Huxley, 
Perfection  Fairfax.  In  the  bull  calves  the  senior 
and  junior  classes  were  both  headed  by  sons  of 


HISTORY  REPEATS  893 

Prime  Lad,  both  shown  by  Messrs.  VanNatta,  The 
junior  champion,  Prime  Lad  16th,  represented  the 
mating  of  Prime  Lad  with  Lorna  Doone.  These 
shows  also  were  full  of  demonstrations  of  the  won- 
derful manner  in  which  the  Anxiety  blood  was  com- 
ing on  as  shown  by  Curtice,  Gudgell  &  Simpson  and 
others.  March  On  6th  's  get  were  again  seen 
throughout  the  prizelist,  as  were  also  Gabbert's 
young  things  of  the  Columbus  blood.  At  the  Inter- 
national Defender  was  not  shown,  and  Cargill  & 
McMillan  led  the  aged  bull  class  and  also  had  the 
senior  champion  in  Fulfiller.  The  Prime  Lads  led 
in  junior  yearling  bulls,  senior  bull  calves  and  junior 
bull  calves.  In  the  cow  class  Cargill  &  McMillan's 
Heliotrope  beat  the  pair  of  Belle  Donalds  as  well  as 
Lorna  Doone. 

The  sale  season  of  1906  opened  with  a  public  sale 
by  Gudgell  &  Simpson  at  Kansas  City  on  Feb.  7,  at 
which  57  head  registered  an  average  of  $230.50. 
Early  in  March  Mr.  Nave  sold  62  head  at  Attica, 
Ind.,  at  an  average  of  $208. 

Autumn  Sales  of  1906.— On  Oct.  24, 1906,  the  herd 
of  Mr.  Jesse  Adams  of  Moweaqua,  111.,  was  sold,  the 
36  head  which  remained  at  that  time  bringing  an 
average  of  $230.  The  top  price  was  $1,000  paid  by 
J.  W.  Altman  of  Dubuque,  la.,  for  the  bull  Perfec- 
tion 3d  by  Dale.  The  next  highest  price  was  $500 
by  Cargill  &  McMillan  for  Lady  Real  by  Perfection 
3d.  While  these  values  seem  ridiculously  low  com- 
pared with  some  of  the  great  prices  that  had  been 
paid  by  Mr.  Adams  for  his  foundation  stock,  he 


Photo  by  Hlldebram 

HELIOTROPE,   CARGILL  &  McMILLAN'S   SENIOR  CHAMPION   COW   AT 'THE 
INTERNATIONAL    OF    1905. 


HISTORY   REPEATS  895 

demonstrated  to  those  in  attendance  by  actual  fig- 
ures that  even  if  the  prices  had  been  high  for  some 
of  his  original  purchases,  without  exception  every 
cow  had  produced  offspring,  from  the  sale  of  which 
the  cost  was  paid  and  a  profit  beside.  Mr.  Adams 
is  the  man  who  gave  the  bull  Disturber  139989  to 
the  American  Hereford  cattle-breeding  fraternity. 
That  alone  justifies  a  large  share  of  the  time  and 
money  he  had  lavished  upon  his  herd. 

On  Nov.  7  John  Steward's  cattle  were  sold  at 
Bolckow,  Mo.,  the  46  head  averaging  $198.60  and 
the  yearling  bull  Parsifal  bringing  $650.  On  Oct.  12 
at  Kansas  City  47  head  averaged  $193.65,  0.  Harris 
paying  the  top  price  of  $575  for  the  Funkhouser- 
bred  bull  Onward  31st.  The  combination  sale  at 
Chicago  on  Dec.  12  resulted  in  an  average  of  $167 
on  51  head. 

Cargill  &  McMillan's  Great  Success. — Without  un- 
dertaking any  detailed  review  of  the  fall  fairs  of 
1906 — for  we  must  now  hasten  our  story — it  may  be 
stated  that  Messrs.  Cargill  &  McMillan  reaped  the 
highest  showyard  honors  of  the  year.  At  Kansas 
City  their  best  bull,  Princeps  4th,  was  not  shown,  as 
it  was  decided  to  hold  him  back  for  the  Interna- 
tional. Mr.  Steward's  Beau  Mystic  headed  the 
senior  bulls,  but  Cargill  &  McMillan  won  in  both 
two-year-olds  and  senior  yearlings.  The  young  bulls 
Onward  46th  and  54th,  both  by  March  On  6th  and 
of  Funkhouser  breeding,  were  blue  ribbon  winners 
here.  Mr.  Hoxie  had  the  best  senior  bull  calf  at 
Kansas  City  in  Peerless  Perfection  10th,  sired  by 


896  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Perfection,  but  at  Chicago  Cargill  &  McMillan's 
Fulfiller  3d  was  placed  above  him.  This  firm  was 
first  on  both  aged  and  young  herds  at  Kansas  City 
and  .Chicago.  Princeps  4th  was  senior  champion 
bull  at  Chicago.  Bonnie  Brae  3d  was  junior  cham- 
pion at  Chicago  and  Princeps  4th  grand  champion. 
Heliotrope  was  senior  and  grand  champion  female. 
It  was  a  proud  day  for  "  Jimmy "  Price.* 

*James  Price  was  born  in  Herefordshire,  England,  on  the  first  of 
November,  1869,  and  worked  on  his  father's  farm  until  1890.  when 
he  started  for  America  to  fight  his  own  battles.  He  had  never  been 
away  from  home  before  and  did  not  know  a  person  in  America.  He 
landed  in  Chicago  on  the  first  of  July,  1890,  with  a  few  letters  of 
introduction,  among  others  one  to  Tom  Clark.  He  proceeded  at  once 
to  Beecher  determined  to  take  the  first  job  he  could  get,  as  he  had  by 
this  time  just  $10  left.  When  he  arrived  at  Beecher  he  met  Mr.  Clark, 
who  gave  him  employment.  He  worked  on  the  farm  that  summer  and 
winter,  being  paid  $14  a  month.  About  that  time  Harry  Fluck  bought 
out  the  Baker  herd  and  rented  the  farm,  and  Price  went  to  assist  in 
the  care  of  the  cattle. 

In  the  spring  of  1894  the  young  man  returned  to  Mr.  Clark,  with 
whom  he  then  remained  for  three  years.  Lars  was  the  champion  bull 
of  those  days.  Speaking  of  him  Price  says  :  "I  will  never  forget  the 
day  Lars  defeated  Ancient  Briton.  It  was  on  the  little  LaCrosse, 
Wis.,  fair  grounds  the  week  before  the  Minnesota  State  Fair.  Prof. 
Craig  did  the  judging,  and  Lars  held  first  place  after  that  for  three 
successive  years."  These  were  also  the  days  of  the  famous  sisters 
Juvenile,  Jessamine  and  Juno.  In  1896  Mr.  Clark  made  a  show  at 
Madison  Square  Garden,  and  from  there  Price  left  for  a  trip  home. 
He  returned  on  the  first  of  April,  1897,  and  hired  to  John  Lewis  of 
Shadeland,  but  as  he  was  anxious  to  feed  for  show  he  remained  at 
Shadeland  but  about  ten  months.  At  that  time  Frank  Nave  was  mak- 
ing his  start.  He  bought  at  Shadeland  a  few  show  animals  and 
engaged  Price.  This  was  in  March,  1898.  Nave  had  gathered  a  few 
show  animals  together,  including  Dale,  Atoka,  Dolly  5th  and  Carnation. 

Referring  to  the  conditions  at  Attica  at  the  time,  Price  says : 
"Things  were  pretty  unhandy  the  first  summer,  but  in  the  fall  Mr. 
Nave  built  a  barn,  the  best  one  I  ever  worked  in.  We  made  a  fair 
showing  the  first  year,  winning  the  aged  herd  everywhere,  including 
the  world's  fair  at  Omaha,  but  the  next  year  we  got  busy  and  brought 
out  what  I  always  considered  the  best  aged  herd  I  ever  fed,  winning 
everywhere.  We  also  had  the  two  famous  calves  Perfection  and  The- 
ressa.  Perfection  was  the  only  bull  that  ever  beat  Dale  while  I 
handled  them.  That  occurred  at  Indiana  when  we  were  showing  for 
grand  champion  bull  over  all  breeds  and  Perfection  won.  He  was  only 
a  calf  at  the  time.  The  judges  were  George  Allen,  David  McKay  and 
Mr.  Pickrell,  three  good  men.  In  the  spring  of  1900  Mr.  Nave  decided 
to  sell  out,  and  his  sale  the  17th  of  April  in  Chicago  was  a  record- 
breaker,  including,  I  think,  the  best  lot  of  cattle  I  ever  saw  go  through 
a  sale." 

Overton  Harris  was  then  making  his  start  in  showing  and  now 
engaged  Price.  He  had  bought  a  few  cattle  at  the  Nave  sale.  Only 
a  small  show  was  made  that  year,  but  in  1901  Harris  came  out  with  a 
string  hard  to  beat,  winning  with  three  herds  everywhere  he  exhibited. 
The  calf  herd  that  year,  Price  claims,  was  the  best  he  ever  fitted.  It 
was  headed  by  Goodenough  10th  and  included  the  two  famous  "Amer- 
ican beauties,"  Lucile  and  Troublesome.  In  1902  and  1903  Harris  also 


HISTORY   REPEATS  897 

Passing  of  Funkhouser,  Steward  and  Scarlett. — 

The  year  1906  was  marked  by  the  passing  of  several 
men  who  had  exerted  large  influence  upon  Hereford 
cattle  breeding  in  the  west. 

In  the  decease  of  James  A.  Funkhouser  the  state 
of  Missouri  lost  one  of  her  most  successful  breeders. 
He  was  one  of  those  who  contributed  substantially 
to  the  improvement  which  most  American  breeders 
believed  had  taken  place  in  the  western  states  since 
the  Herefords  were  first  largely  introduced  from 
England.  Mr.  Funkhouser  was  born  in  1846.  He 
was  a  feeder  and  shipper  of  live  stock,  and  had  a 
small  herd  of  Shorthorns  until  1881.  While  attend- 
ing the  fair  at  St.  Louis  in  that  year  he  saw  Here- 
fords  for  the  first  time,  and  they  impressed  him  so 

made  a  good  showing.  Competition  was  hard,  but  he  got  a  good  share 
of  the  premiums.  In  1904  at  St.  Louis  he  was  "loaded  up"  with  good 
things,  and  made  a  great  record. 

About  this  time  Mr.  W.  S.  Cargill,  a  lumberman  at  LaCrosse, 
Wis.,  was  about  to  launch  into  Herefords.  He  had  bought  a  few  cat- 
tle, but  wanted  tops,  so  he  made  a  trip  to  the  Harris  farms  and 
wanted  to  buy  the  show  herd  providing  Price  would  go  with  them. 
Harris  was  willing  to  sell  at  a  price,  but  the  price  was  stiff.  How- 
ever Mr.  Cargill  was  game  and  bought  fifteen  -head,  which  Price  was 
to  pick  out.  After  the  International  of  that  year  the  selections  were 
made  and  "Jim"  transferred  the  scene  of  his  labors  to  LaCrosse. 
When  he  landed  there  he  found  the  weather  severe,  but  everything 
necessary  to  take  care  of  a  show  herd  had  been  provided.  The  first 
show  made  from  the  Cargill  &  McMillan  herd  was  at  Sedalia,  and  from 
there  the  herd  went  to  Des  Moines,  where  it  won  the  grand  champion 
herd  prize  over  all  breeds  with  Fulfiller  and  four  first-prize  females. 
The  same  year  they  won  the  Armour  cup  at  Kansas  City  and  repeated 
the  following  year,  which  reduced  it  to  possession.  In  1906,  1907.  1908 
and  1909  the  herd  still  held  its  own.  In  the  fall  of  1908  Price  became 
interested  in  the  herd,  Mr.  McMillan  dropping  out,  and  the  firm  name 
was  changed  to  Cargill  &  Price. 

In  1909,  having  become  tired  of  the  show  business,  Cargill  & 
Price  decided  to  sell  out  the  show  herd.  This  event  took  place  in 
April,  1910,  and  involved  considerable  sacrifice.  Price  then  took  a 
rest,  going  back  to  the  old  home  in  Herefordshire  for  three  months. 
On  his  return  he  purchased  Mr.  Cargill's  interest  in  the  cattle,  rented 
the  farm  and  started  on  his  own  account.  "It  was  a  little  up-hill 
work  at  first,"  writes  the  veteran  showman,  "but  I  am  thankful  to 
say  that  I  have  now  a  nice  little  herd  of  Herefords  and  a  160-acre 
farm  to  put  them  on,  and  all  clear.  I  owe  what  success  I  have  made 
all  to  the  Herefords,  and  strict  attention  to  business.  The  best  ani- 
mals I  ever  fed  were  the  bulls  Dale,  Princeps  4th,  Bonnie  Brae  3d 
and  Lars;  the  best  females,  Heliotrope,  Arminta  4th,  Amelia.  Betty 
2d,  Dolly  5th  and  Miss  Donald  17th." 


898  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

favorably  that  lie  decided  to  give  them  a  trial.  In 
May,  1882,  he  purchased  from  T.  L.  Miller,  Beecher, 
111.,  a  pair  of  calves — the  bull  Invincible  and  heifer 
Landscape  Maid.  His  first  experience  in  breeding 
was  to  produce  cross-bred  steers,  using  Shorthorn 
cows.  He  was  so  well  pleased  that  he  then  bought 
&  few  Hereford  females.  His  cross-bred  steers  were 
shown  successfully  in  Chicago  and  Kansas  City  and 
sold  at  good  prices  for  Christmas  beef.  A  few  years 
later  he  began  showing  breeding  cattle.  He  was 
specially  happy  in  his  choice  of  breeding  bulls,  both 
Hesiod  2d  and  March  On  6th  proving  showyard 
champions,  as  well  as  great  sires.  For  the  former 
$5,000  was  refused,  and  an  offer  of  $7,500  for  the 
latter  is  said  to  have  been  declined.  Much  of  the 
success  met  by  the  herd  in  the  showring  was  due 
to  the  careful  handling  and  fitting  of  Will  Willis. 

In  the  death  of  John  Steward  Missouri  suffered 
another  real  loss.  He  was  cut  down  in  the  very 
prime  of  an  eminently  useful  life.  Steward  was  one 
of  the  most  sane,  most  conscientious,  most  depend- 
able men  ever  identified  with  American  Herefords. 
In  partnership  with  Mr.  Hutcheon  he  was  engaged 
in  building  up  a  herd  that  was  distinguished  for 
true  Hereford  character  and  quality. 

In  November,  1906,  Capt.  E.  C.  Scarlett  was  added 
to  the  list  of  the  notable  dead.  He  was  a  man  of 
good  birth  and  education,  coming  from  the  old  fam- 
ily estate  of  Nordan  Hall  near  Leominster,  Here- 
fordshire. He  was  one  of  the  many  natives  of  that 
county  who  came  to  the  west  when  the  Herefords 


HISTORY  REPEATS  899 

were  being  actively  introduced,  and  at  different 
times  was  identified  with  the  management  of  sev- 
eral large  establishments.  He  was  at  one  time  at- 
tached to  the  Iowa  Hereford  Cattle  Co.,  and  was 
for  six  years  in  charge  of  the  Riverside  Ranch  at 
Ashland,  Neb.  Subsequently  he  was  for  three  years 
head  of  the  Bel  ton  Hereford  Cattle  Co.,  Belton,  Mo., 
and  later  identified  with  Mr.  Cook  at  Brookmont 
Farm.  He  died  at  Odebolt,  la.,  on  Nov.  18. 

The  Hoxie  and  Other  Sales  of  1907.— The  most 
notable  sale  of  the  year  1907  was  that  of  Gilbert 
Hoxie  at  Thornton,  111.,  on  June  13,  when  42  head 
brought  an  average  of  $308.  The  bull  Perfection, 
then  in  his  eighth  year,  went  to  Clem  Graves  at 
$3,900.*  A.  W.  Jenkins  of  Texas  took  Prime  Lad  5th 
at  $1,100.  Mr.  Nave  sold  70  head  in  March  at  an 
average  of  $229.50,  the  top  being  $1,975  given  by 
S.  R.  Waters  of  Missouri  for  the  show  cow  Nut- 
brown  9th.  In  February  the  Avery-Hines  Co.  sold 
at  St.  Louis  63  head  at  an  average  price  of  $127,  the 
Jamison  bull  Albany,  that  had  cost  $6,000  in  Eng- 
land and  now  eight  years  old,  selling  to  Edmunds, 
Shade  &  Co.  of  Iowa  at  $1,000.  In  May  Mrs.  Cross 
closed  out  her  cattle  at  Emporia,  64  head  bringing 
an  average  of  $129.  In  April  Giltner  Bros,  sold  43 
cattle  at  Nashville  at  an  average  of  $178.80,  and  on 
May  2  Gudgell  &  Simpson  realized  $149.75  on  47 
head  at  Kansas  City. 

*  Although  Mr.  Graves  bought  Perfection  at  this  sale  for 
$3,900,  Mr.  Hoxie  had  not  closed  out  all  of  his  females  and  per- 
suaded Mr.  Graves  to  permit  Perfection  to  remain  for  a  time  in  his 
service.  Some  months  later  Tom  Clark  negotiated  the  sale  of  the 
entire  herd,  including  Perfection,  to  W.  H.  Curtice. 


900  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Giltner's  imported  bull  Protector  died  in  Novem- 
ber, 1907,  at  the  age  of  ten  years. 

Perfection  Fairfax  Arrives. — First  it  was  Dale, 
then  Perfection,  and  now  the  latter 's  son  Perfection 
Fairfax,  bred  by  Gilbert  Hoxie  and  sold  to  Mr.  Hux- 
ley, who  had  the  satisfaction  of  winning  first  with 
the  "future  great "  sire  at  Kansas  City.  In  addition 
to  that  honor  Perfection  Fairfax  annexed  at  the 
Chicago  International  the  senior  bull  championship, 
which  at  Kansas  City  had  been  sent  to  Prime  Lad 
9th.  He  was  shown  at  a  weight  of  about  2,340 
pounds.  The  VanNattas  were  first  in  two-year-old 
bulls  at  both  shows  with  Prime  Lad  9th.  Cargill  & 
Price  were  successful  in  carrying  off  the  aged  herd 
prize  at  both  shows,  and  at  Kansas  City  also  had 
the  young  herd  prize.  At  Chicago  Mr.  Brock  had 
first  on  young  herds,  the  get  of  Disturber  now  be- 
ginning to  come  forward  with  great  promise. 

The  Bargain  Counter  of  1908.— This  was  a  hope- 
lessly discouraging  year  so  far  as  sales  were  con- 
cerned, but  the  fall  shows  developed  strength. 
Prices,  in  fact,  were  at  the  lowest  ebb  of  this  de- 
pression, a  total  of  936  head  being  passed  through 
the  sale  ring  at  a  general  average  of  $116.15,  as 
against  an  average  of  $123.70  for  1,358  head  sold 
during  the  preceding  year.  Mr.  Nave  sold  98  head 
at  Attica,  Ind.,  for  an  average  of  $124.  At  a  com- 
bination sale  held  at  Kansas  City  early  in  the  year 
170  cattle  were  distributed  at  the  absurd  price  of 
$88  per  head.  The  general  appreciation,  however, 
of  the  Anxiety  blood  was  well  demonstrated  even  in 


HISTORY  REPEATS  901 

those  dark  days  by  the  fact  that  two  Gudgell  & 
Simpson  bulls  made  on  this  same  occasion  $400  and 
$430  respectively.*  It  was  at  the  very  bottom  of 
this  extreme  depression  that  Murray  Boocock  of 
Virginia  closed  out  at  Chicago  the  herd  which  he 
had  founded  some  years  before  at  Castalia.  The 
cattle  were  offered  in  ordinary  field  condition  and 
were  passed  through  the  ring  at  practically  beef 
prices.  The  imported  bull  Salisbury,  that  had  been 
bought  at  the  Sunny  Slope  sale,  went  under  the 
hammer  in  his  twelve-year-old  form  at  $150.  At 
Kansas  City  during  the  October  show  52  head  sold 
for  an  average  of  $173,  W.  J.  Tod  of  Maple  Hill  tak- 
ing a  number  of  bulls  for  range  purposes.  During 
the  Chicago  International  49  head  sold  for  an  aver- 
age of  $160. 

It  was  during  this  period  that  an  effort  was  made 
to  obtain  a  share  of  the  Argentine  business  in  Here- 
fords.  Secretary  Charles  R.  Thomas  of  the  Hereford 
association  had  been  sent  to  South  America  to  ex- 
ploit the  claims  of  American  Herefords  and  some 
trial  shipments  were  made.  The  expenses  connected 
with  these  experimental  efforts,  however,  were  so 
heavy  that  not  much  headway  was  made  in  opening 
up  a  market  in  that  country. 

In  December,  1908,  W.  H.  Curtice  bought  Perfec- 

*As  indicating  how  dull  the  cattle  trade  can  be  at  times.  Mr. 
Charles  Gudgell  states  that  sonie  years  ago  he  wrote  a  number  of 
letters  to  various  breeders  offering  and  recommending  the  stock  bull 
Don  Quixote,  then  four  years  old,  just  in  his  prime  and  a  sire  of 
proved  worth  at  the  price  of  $100.  He  was  half-brother  to  the  cele- 
brated Don  Carlos,  having  the  same  mother,  Dowager  6th.  But  after 
Mr.  Gudgell  waited  several  weeks  and  received  no  response  the  bull, 
was  shipped  to  Kansas  City  and  sold  for  beef,  where  at  a  weight  of 
2,200  pounds  he  netted  more  than  the  price  asked. 


902  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

tion,  then  in  his  tenth  year,  along  with  26  of  the 
best  Hoxie  cows  and  heifers.  The  bull  had  been 
successfully  shown  from  calfhood  and  when  let  down 
after  his  career  was  ended  retained  his  smoothness 
of  flesh  in  remarkable  fashion.  The  results  of  his 
use  upon  the  Beau  Donald  herd  appear  in  recent 
showyard  history. 

A  Famous  Heifer  Class. — The  exhibits  of  Here- 
fords  at  both  Kansas  City  and  Chicago  in  the  fall  of 
1908  were  altogether  remarkable,  contrasting 
strangely  with  the  profound  depression  that  had 
been  experienced  by  the  trade  during  the  year.  It 
afforded  ample  evidence,  however,  of  the  fact  that 
the  fortunes  of  the  breed  were  still  in  the  hands  of 
men  who  believed  in  the  future  of  the  ' '  white  faces. ' ' 
The  quality  of  the  exhibits  this  year  was  indeed 
superb,  a  fine  illustration  of  this  fact  being  the 
senior  heifer  calf  class  at  Kansas  City,  where  there 
were  twenty-eight  entries,  every  one  of  real  show- 
yard  character.  The  society  distributed  ten  extra 
prizes  in  addition  to  the  eight  regular  ones,  and  by 
way  of  good  measure  added  a  reserve  prize.  The 
winner  of  the  lowest  place  had  been  a  second-prize 
calf  at  a  strong  state  fair  that  year.  It  was,  as  a 
matter  of  fact,  a  real  record-breaking  display  of 
Hereford  excellence — a  sensational  demonstration  of 
the  continued  success  of  American  breeders  in  de- 
veloping cattle  of  the  very  highest  type  and  all  the 
more  impressive  because  brought  forward  at  a  time 
when  the  immediate  financial  rewards  of  pedigree 
breeding  were,  to  say  the  least,  unsatisfactory. 


HISTORY  REPEATS  903 

Harris  had  first  in  aged  bulls  with  Onward  31st, 
son  of  March  On  6th,  a  bull  weighing  around  2,400 
pounds.  Mr.  Nave's  Prime  Star  Grove,  a  very 
smooth  low-standing  bull,  stood  next  and  above 
Prime  Lad  9th.  In  two-year-olds  Cornish  &  Patten 
were  first  on  Beau  Carlos  after  a  hard  fight  with 
Harris,  who  was  showing  Dislodger  by  Disturber. 
Brock  had  first  in  senior  yearlings  on  Distinction  by 
Disturber.  Giltners  headed  the  junior  yearlings 
with  British  Highball,  by  imp.  Britisher  and  they 
also  won  the  senior  bull  calf  prize  on  Beau  Colum- 
bus. Warren  T.  McCray,  Kentland,  Ind.,  a  man 
who  was  later  on  to  make  notable  Hereford  history, 
participated  in  this  memorable  show,  and  drew  first 
prize  in  aged  cows  on  Prairie  Queen.  McCray  had 
acquired  Perfection  Fairfax  during  the  year,  and 
while  the  bull  did  not  win  in  the  strong  senior  class, 
he  stood  at  the  head  of  the  herd  with  which  Mr.  Mc- 
Cray finally  defeated  the  VanNattas,  Harris,  Cargill 
&  McMillan  and  Giltner,  in  the  order  named.  Van- 
Nattas' Prime  Lads  had  first  in  the  class  for  get  of 
sire,  and  McCray 's  lot  by  Perfection  Fairfax  was 
second. 

An  Omen  of  Better  Days. — The  Hereford  show  of 
1908  gathered  strength  as  it  moved  forward,  and  by 
the  time  the  Chicago  International  was  reached  in 
December  it  called  forth  the  following  high  en- 
comium : 

"The  Hereford  breed  has  just  brought  to  a  glo- 
rious conclusion  the  most  sensational  show  season 
ever  written  into  its  history.  Marshalling  their 
forces  in  marvelous  array  at  the  opening  of  the  cam- 


904  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

paign,  breeders  of  the  ' white  faces'  have  marched 
forward  conquering  and  to  conquer,  sweeping  tri- 
umphantly through  the  circuit  with  banners  proudly 
flying,  challenging  stockmen  of  America  to  witness 
the  spuerlative  degree  of  perfection  to  which  the 
studious  breeders  of  this  grazier's  race  of  cattle 
have  brought  their  favorites  through  long  years  of 
devoted  endeavor.  There  has  been  nothing  half- 
hearted about  this  campaign.  It  was  almost  Gideon- 
like  in  its  generalship.  There  was  no  sounding  of 
trumpets  before  the  strife,  but  when  the  cohorts 
were  uncovered  at  Des  Moines,  the  surprise  of  the 
attack  admirably  served  to  strengthen  the  battle 
array  which  in  deliberate  fashion  must  be  recorded 
as  the  most  effective  campaign  the  breed  has  ever 
conducted. 

"  Figures  may  make  more  pertinent  this  line  of 
comment.  Five  years  ago  the  Hereford  contingent 
numbered  only  94  at  the  International.  Even  last 
year  the  numerical  strength  of  the  exhibit  had  risen 
only  to  183,  while  the  week  just  closed  witnessed 
entries  that  reached  almost  to  two  hundred  and  a 
half.  The  pulses  of  this  camp  have  been  stirred  to 
unwonted  vigor  of  beat,  and  the  genial  glow  of  a 
stimulated  circulation  has  been  felt  throughout  the 
live  stock  world.  When  in  the  presence  of  these 
wonderfully-ripened  ' white  faces'  mention  is  made 
of  this  year  of  drouth  and  feed  shortage  one  must 
rub  his  eyes  in  bewilderment.  Never  has  fitting  been 
carried  so  far.  Nay,  rather  should  we  draw  a  finer 
distinction  and  say  that  no  year  has  revealed  such 
artistic  fitting  in  the  Hereford  camp.  There  "is  a 
remarkable  freedom  from  that  over-ripe  condition 
which  reveals  prolonged  lingering  at  the  meal  tub. 
For  the  most  part  entries  are  in  impressive  flesh  and 
most  attractive  bloom,  so  that  the  eyes  of  the  en- 


HISTORY   REPEATS  905 

thusiast  may  be  freely  feasted  in  an  inspection  of 
the  magnificent  arrays  of  animals  of  this  breed." 

The  judging  on  this  occasion  was  done  by  Bob- 
ert  H.  Hazlett  of  Eldorado,  Kans.,  Boog-Scott 
of  Coleman,  Tex.,  and  Thomas  Mortimer.  In  the 
aged  bull  class  a  newcomer,  Preceptor,  by  Princeps 
8th  and  shown  by  Dale  &  Wight,  was  assigned  pre- 
mier position  over  Prime  Lad  9th,  Prime  Star  Grove, 
Bonnie  Brae  3d  and  Harry  Fluck's  Ben  Bolt  in  the 
order  named.  So  good  a  bull  as  Perfection  Fairfax 
was  here  set  down  to  eighth  in  this  notable  line  of 
twelve.  Bonnie  Brae  8th,  shown  by  J.  C.  Eobinson 
&  Son,  Evansville,  Wis.,  headed  the  two-year-olds 
and  was  subsequently  made  senior  champion,  the 
junior  bull  championship  falling  to  Prince  Rupert 
17th,  shown  by  Luce  &  Moxley,  Shelby ville,  Ky. 
McCray  was  again  first  in  the  aged  cows  with 
Prairie  Queen,  but  VanNatta's  first-prize  two-year- 
old  Prime  Lad  heifer  Margaret  was  made  senior 
champion  female,  the  junior  championship  falling 
to  Donalda,  Clem  Graves'  first-prize  senior  heifer. 
The  VanNattas  had  both  the  aged  and  young  herd 
prizes,  Giltner  was  first  in  calf  herds,  Cargill  &  Mc- 
Millan showed  the  first  produce^of-cow  and  the  Van- 
Nattas were  first  with  their  Prime  Lads  on  four 
progeny  of  one  sire. 

This  heartening  show  was  the  beginning  of  the 
end  of  the  doldrums  into  which  the  trade  in  pedi- 
gree Herefords  had  now  for  several  years  been  wal- 
lowing. 


CHAPTER  XXII. 
PROSPERITY  REGAINED. 

We  have  now  but  to  deal  with  the  great  revival  of 
the  comparatively  recent  past,  and  our  story  ends. 
In  this  we  must  be  brief  for  obvious  reasons.  In  the 
first  place,  the  tale  already  grows  too  long.  In  the 
second  place,  present-day  readers  do  not  require, 
nor  probably  desire,  as  full  information  as  to  the 
herds  and  contests  of  today  as  is  rightly  demanded 
in  the  case  of  the  events  of  more  remote  periods. 
There  is  personal  knowledge  of  contemporary  af- 
fairs. History  deals  more  with  the  past  than  the 
present.  Let  us,  therefore,  sketch  rapidly.* 

An  Upward  Trend  in  1909. — The  general  average 
of  public  valuations  on  offerings  aggregating  1,400 
head  of  registered  cattle  in  1909  was  $127.05.  This 

*We  should  not  pass  over  the  events  of  1909  without  noting1  the 
decease  of  Tom  Smith  of  Crete,  111.,  which  removed  from  the  ranks  of 
the  Hereford  breeding-  fraternity  a  man  of  Scottish  birth  who  had 
rendered  yeoman  service  in  the  up-building  of  the  interest  in  the 
"white  faces"  in  the  United  States.  He  managed  a  Hereford  herd  at 
Grimley,  Worcestershire,  England,  before  coming  to  the  States.  He 
first  located  at  Manhattan,  Kans.  Soon  after  this  he  went  to  Beecher, 
111.,  as  herd  manager  for  T.  L.  Miller,  and  later  on  had  charge  of  the 
herd  of  A.  C.  Reed,  which  was  maintained  for  some  years  at  Goode- 
now.  Upon  leaving  this  work  Mr.  Smith  established  himself  on  a 
farm  at  Crete,  where  he  bred  Herefords  successfully  for  many  years. 
He  was  a  thorough  cattleman,  and  while  he  never  figured  conspicu- 
ously in  the  sale  and  show  lists,  in  a  quiet  way  he  supplied  much 
good  material  to  the  breed,  including  Rose  Blossom,  the  dam  of  the 
$10,000  Dale,  and  of  Columbia,  the  grandam  of  Disturber.  He  was  a 
keen  judge  of  values.  At  Clark's  dispersion  sale,  for  example,  he 
purchased  a  cow  and  bull  calf  for  $200  which  he  afterwards  disposed 
of  for  $1,400.  He  was  a  natural-born  trader  and  many  a  carload  or 
cattle  passed  through  his  hands  to  the  mutual  advantage  of  both  buyer 
and  seller.  Tom  had  few  superiors  as  a  judge,  and  his  services  were 
in  constant  demand  at  the  leading  shows,  confidence  in  his  integrity 
as  well  as  in  his  intelligence  being  general. 


PROSPERITY  REGAINED  907 

was  significant,  not  so  much  because  of  the  slight 
appreciation  in  the  general  level,  but  as  an  evidence 
that  the  inevitable  reaction  was  setting  in.  Early 
in  the  year  Giltner  Bros,  sold  privately  the  young 
show  bull  British  Highball  to  L.  B.  Burnet  of  Fort 
Worth,  Tex.,  at  $1,500.  In  March  Cornish  &  Patten 
sold  117  head  at  Osborn,  Mo.,  for  an  average  of 
$206.90,  the  Anaconda  Copper  outfit  of  Montana 
paying  $1,080  for  Beau  Carlos.  At  Kansas  City  on 
March  9  in  a  combination  sale  54  head  averaged 
$160,  Mr.  Cornish  giving  $775  for  the  yearling  bull 
Onward  71st.  On  March  24  Mr.  Nave  closed  out 
his  cattle,  99  head  in  all,  at  an  average  of  $140, 
D.  E.  McConnell  of  Nebraska  taking  out  the  Prime 
Lad  bull  Queen's  Lad  at  $600. 

S.  W.  Anderson  of  West  Virginia,  who  had  been 
for  many  years  the  leading  defender  of  the  faith  in 
the  Virginias,  dispersed  his  herd,  making  an  aver- 
age of  $140  on  122  head.  In  September  various  Ken- 
tucky breeders  contributed  35  head  to  a  sale  at 
Louisville  that  averaged  $165.70,  E.  C.  Hardeman  of 
West  Virginia  paying  the  top  price  of  $1,025  for 
Curtice's  Beau  Donald  87th.  In  October  the  com- 
bination offering  at  Kansas  City  averaged  $166.50 
on  49  head,  at  which  Mr.  Cudahy  gave  $800  for 
Prime  Lad  38th.  At  Chicago  in  December  48  head 
were  disposed  of  at  $191,  William  Reynolds  of  Wyo- 
ming buying  the  Giltner  show  heifer  Florence  Acro- 
bat at  $700  and  C.  A.  Tow  of  Iowa  taking  Makin's 
Principal  6th  at  $960. 

Prime  Lads  at  a  Premium. — Enthusiasm  again  ran 


PRIME    LAD    9TH    213963,    BRED    BY    W.    S.    VANNATTA    &    SON. 


PROSPERITY    REGAINED  909 

high  at  the  shows  of  1909.  The  state  fairs  revealed 
overwhelming  excellence  in  the  Hereford  section, 
and  the  annual  round-up  at  Kansas  City  in  October 
was  indeed  a  battle  royal. 

The  extraordinary  career  of  the  VanNatta  cattle 
in  the  American  showyard  is  essentially  one  of  the 
dominant  notes  of  this  volume.  Indeed,  such  con- 
tinuity of  successful  effort  finds  few  parallels  in 
bovine  histories,  and  no  record  that  fails  to  reflect 
this  fact  would  present  the  truth.  Prime  Lad  ' '  The 
Great"  was  now  dead,  but  how  his  sons  were  march- 
ing on!  At  the  Kansas  City  and  Chicago  shows  of 
1909  Prime  Lad  9th  was  first-prize  aged  bull  and 
headed  the  first-prize  aged  herd  over  the  Cargill  & 
Price,  McCray,  Makin  Bros,  and  J.  L.  VanNatta 
group.  In  the  get-of-sire  contest  four  Prime  Lads 
were  first,  not  only  at  Kansas  City  but  at  Chicago, 
in  competition  with  the  get  of  Perfection  Fairfax, 
Beau  Paragon,  Princeps  4th,  Young  Beau  Brummel 
and  Prince  Eupert  8th.  At  Chicago  Prime  Lad  9th 
not  only  headed  the  senior  bull  class  but  was  senior 
champion  as  well.  The  great  Prime  Lad  cow  Mar- 
garet headed  her  class  at  both  big  shows,  and  at 
Kansas  City  was  both  senior  and  grand  champion 
female.  Then  there  was  the  two-year-old  heifer  Iva. 
Moreover,  McCray 's  Prime  Lad  16th  youngsters 
were  pulling  ribbons  in  the  senior  bull  calf  classes 
and  the  best  of  these,  Gay  Lad  6th,  was  one  of  a 
pair  of  calves  sold  to  "Joe"  Green  for  the  Charles 
P.  Taft  ranch  in  southeast  Texas  for  $2,500,  the 
transaction  taking  place  at  the  International.  And 


910  A  HISTORY  OP  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

" there  were  others. "  Prime  Lad  16th  and  Folly's 
Lad  were  in  the  money  in  the  aged  bulls  and  Prime 
Lad  38th  was  wearing  a  ribbon  among  two-year- 
olds.  Then  there  was  that  rare  heifer  Eosette;  and 
all  the  while  John  Letham  was  as  proud  and  happy 
over  it  as  were  the  owners.  Why  not?  And  the 
Lads  were  to  be  heard  from  again  another  day.* 
Let  it  not  be  forgotten,  nevertheless,  that  wrapped 

*John  Letham  was  born  at  Stonehouse,  Lanarkshire,  Scotland,  in 
March,  1859.  He  came  to  this  country  when  twenty-one  years  old  and 
started  from  the  ship's  side  with  $2.50  in  his  pocket.  Two  years  later 
he  was  employed  at  Youngstown,  O.,  feeding  Shorthorns.  From  there 
he  went  to  Princeton,  111.,  where  he  had  charge  of  the  Shorthorns  and 
Percherons  of  the  late  Dr.  W.  H.  Winter.  Thence  he  went  to  Lea- 
land,  Tenn.,  among  the  Sussex  of  Overton  Lea,  and  here  found  his 
first  chance  to  enter  the  showyards  of  the  west — first  in  1887  with 
Mayfern,  a  2,180-pound  Sussex  cow,  again  in  1888  with  Rosewood,  the 
champion  yearling  and  grand  champion  carcass  steer,  following  in  1889 
by  George,  winner  of  "The  Breeder's  Gazette"  challenge  shield  for  best 
steer  bred  and  fed  by  exhibitor. 

In  the  spring  of  1891  John  Letham  went  to  Mr.  VanNatta's  at 
Fowler,  Ind.,  where  he  fed  Hickory  Nut,  winner  of  "The  Breeder's 
Gazette"  shield  and  grand  championship,  and  also  the  champion  herd 
of  three  steers  at  the  Chicago  Fat  Stock  Show.  In  1892  he  fed  Jerry 
Rusk,  champion  at  Des  Moines  and  reserve  at  Chicago  Emergency 
Show.  He  was  still  with  Mr.  VanNatta  in  1893,  the  World's  Fair 
year  at  Chicago,  when  Miss  Beau  Real  3d  headed  the  aged  cow 
class  at  eight  years  and  the  beautiful  Annabel  was  first-prize  two- 
year-old  and  champion  Hereford  female  (the  reserve  going  to  Miss 
Beau  Real  3d).  While  it  was  not  Letham's  good  fortune  to  show 
Cherry  Brandy  at  the  Fat  Stcok  Show  that  fall,  he  left  him  ready  for 
the  fray  after  two  years'  careful  training,  although  the  steer  had 
never  been  shown  up  to  that  time. 

From  1893  until  1900  Letham  was  not  in  the  arena,  but  on  the 
latter  date  he  came  forward  with  the  two  sensational  calves  from 
Mr.  Henry's — The  Woods  Principal  and  Prince  Edward,  champion  calf 
and  reserve  champion.  In  1901  The  Principal  was  grand  champion 
and  Prince  Edward  champion  grade  of  the  show.  This  same  year 
Prime  Lad  was  in  his  yearling  form,  all  three  animals  being  from  one 
crop  of  calves.  In  1902  Prince  Edward  was  grand  champion  at  Des 
Moines  and  stood  second  to  Shamrock  at  Chicago,  while  Valiant  Lad 
was  champion  yearling  and  reserve  grand  champion.  In  1903  Prime 
Lad  won  his  way  to  grand  champion  honors  in  his  two-year-old  form, 
but  the  herd  was  dispersed  and  a  new  lot  had  then  to  be  bred  or 
bought.  In  1904  came  Little  Joe,  grand  champion  at  St.  Louis,  and 
Rare  Lad,  junior  champion  bull  at  Chicago. 

Meantime,  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  VanNatta  Prime  Lad  went  on  and 
became  the  St.  Louis  Exposition  and  Chicago  International  grand  cham- 
pion of  1904.  In  1905,  while  still  with  Mr.  Brock,  Letham  gained  the 
two-year-old  and  Hereford  bullock  championship  at  the  International 
with  the  great  steer  Silver  Lad,  by  Kansas  Lad  Jr.  Letham's  skill 
was  well  established  in  the  handling  of  this  bullock.  Three  shows 
were  made  with  him.  He  had  second  as  a  calf  and  yearling,  and  in 
his  two-year-old  form  at  a  weight  of  over  1,700  pounds  was  the  cham- 
pion white-faced  bullock  of  the  year. 

In  more  recent  years  Mr.  Letham  has  greatly  added  to  his  laurels 
through  the  great  records  made  by  the  Disturbers. 


PROSPERITY   REGAINED  911 

up  in  rich  furry  robes  in  these  same  great  classes 
were  stars  of  the  first  magnitude  from  the  other 
great  central  sources  of  the  time.  McCray  was  com- 
ing strong  on  Perfection  Fairfax  stock.  Jim  Price 
was  forcing  the  fighting  with  the  Princepses,  Ful- 
fillers  and  Bonnie  Braes.  Harris  was  crowding  all 
winners  with  his  Beau  Donald  5ths,  besides  supply- 
ing Dislodger  and  Repeater  by  Disturber.  The  Gilt- 
ners,  Clem  Graves,  Dr.  Logan,  Luce  &  Moxley  and 
J.  H.  &  J.  L.  VanNatta  were  also  in  the  thick  of  the 
fray  with  finely  fitted  cattle. 

It  was  truly  a  wonderful  display,  that  show  of 
1909 — bloom  everywhere  with  excessive  obesity 
clearly,  and  properly,  at  a  discount  as  compared 
with  the  olden  days. 

More  Ground  Regained  in  1910.— The  improve- 
ment in  prices  noted  in  1909  continued  throughout 
the  following  year,  1,214  head  of  cattle  going  under 
the  hammer  at  an  average  of  $144  per  head.  There 
were  no  sales  of  special  note,  but  the  tone  through- 
out was  better.  On  Feb.  22  Mr.  McCray  sold  47 
head  at  Kentland,  Ind.,  at  an  average  of  $175,  the 
top  price  being  $500,  reached  in  two  cases,  first  by 
the  show  heifer  Donalda  and  again  by  the  yearling 
bull  Fairfax  18th,  by  Perfection  Fairfax.  J.  P.  Cud- 
ahy  got  the  show  heifer  Agnes  at  $410.  On  the  24th 
and  25th  of  February  at  Craig,  Neb.,  Minier  Bros, 
disposed  of  76  head  at  an  average  of  $216.40,  the 
outside  figure  being  the  $775  paid  for  the  stock  bull 
Peerless  Perfection  22d  by  Frank  Ulrich,  who  for 
ten  years  past  had  been  in  charge  of  the  herd  and 


912  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

who  secured  at  this  sale  some  of  the  best  breeding 
cows  for  the  founding  of  a  herd  on  his  own  account. 
Thomas  Nelson  of  Nebraska  took  the  two-year-old 
Pretty  Lad  at  $625  and  also  the  yearling  Defiance  at 
$600.  On  April  14  at  Chicago  Cargill  &  Price  dis- 
posed of  their  cattle  at  what  was  felt  at  the  time  to 
be  a  great  sacrifice.  The  48  head  averaged  but  $148. 
Bonnie  Brae  15th,  a  capital  two-year-old  bull,  went 
to  A.  L.  Weston  of  Colorado  at  $990  after  a  contest 
with  0.  Harris.  Mr.  Weston  bought  freely  of  the 
show  cattle.  The  famous  cow  Miss  Filler  2d  by  Ful- 
filler  went  to  Harris  at  $540.  C.  A.  Tow  of  Norway, 
la.,  got  Princess  2d  at  $400.  At  the  usual  October 
sale  at  Kansas  City  69  head  went  through  the  ring 
at  $166.45.  There  were  no  animals  of  unusual  ex- 
cellence in  the  offering.  On  Nov.  15  Overton  Harris 
sold  69  head  at  Harris,  Mo.,  at  an  average  of  $181. 
While  no  sensational  prices  were  paid  the  bidding 
was  steady,  no  animal  falling  below  the  $100  mark 
and  three  reaching  $500.  The  top  was  $570,  paid 
by  the  Commercial  Land  Co.  of  Oklahoma  for  Rose 
Maid,  then  nursing  a  bull  calf  by  Eepeater.  The 
Bessemer  Iron  Co.  of  Alabama  bought  some  of  the 
best  cattle,  including  Prime  Lad  48th  for  $500.  J.  F. 
Gulick  of  Missouri  took  Harris'  Prince  90th,  a  win- 
ner at  the  shows  of  1909,  at  $500.  Frank  Nave  was 
also  among  the  bidders  upon  this  occasion.  At  the 
customary  combination  sale  during  the  Chicago  In- 
ternational 41  head  brought  an  average  of  $197.50. 
This  occasion  was  notable  for  the  fact  that  the  firm 
of  E.  N.  Casares  of  Buenos  Aires,  Argentina,  paid 


PROSPERITY   REGAINED  913 

the  top  price  of  $600  for  each  of  two  bulls,  Mr.  Rob- 
inson's  Bonnie  Lad  lltli  and  Mr.  Brock's  Discounter. 

Another  Richmond  in  the  Field. — The  Prime  Lads, 
Beau  Donalds  and  other  popular  favorites  were  still 
.  very  much  in  evidence  at  the  shows  in  the  autumn 
of  1910,  but  tangible  evidence  was  now  presented 
of  the  appearance  of  an  important  new  factor  in 
western  Hereford  breeding  operations.  We  refer  to 
the  get  of  the  bull  Disturber,  bred  by  Jesse  Adams 
and  selected  by  John  Letham  for  Mr.  Brock.  At 
Kansas  City  in  October  Overton  Harris  won  the 
senior  bull  championship  with  the  two-year-old  Re- 
peater, son  of  Disturber,  and  here  was  the  beginning 
of  another  new  and  highly  important  bloodline  in 
the  western  Herefords.  Repeater  at  two  years  old 
was  a  bull  of  impressive  bulk  and  substance,  great 
rotundity  of  body,  immense  loin  and  heavy  hind- 
quarters. Still  he  was  stoutly  pushed  upon  this  oc- 
casion by  Giltner's  Beau  Columbus,  a  bull  of  some- 
what similar  conformation  and  very  even  from  end 
to  end.  The  aged  bull  class  had  been  won  by  J.  0. 
Bryant,  Savannah,  Mo.,  with  the  good  bull  Curtis, 
by  Maynard,  showing  excellent  character  and  par- 
ticularly heavy  quarters,  besides  being  mellow  in 
his  flesh.  Prime  Lad  9th  was  now  turned  down  to 
second.  He  had  been  on  top  for  so  long  that  he  was 
of  course  about  due  to  relinquish  the  crown.  Mr. 
Tow  of  Iowa  was  now  coming  into  the  great  public 
competitions  as  a  factor  to  be  reckoned  with  and 
received  third  here  in  the  aged  bull  ring  on  Prin- 
cipal 6th,  one  of  the  low-legged  kind,  well  spread. 


914  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Fortunately  for  the  north  Overton  Harris  had 
bought  Gay  Lad  6th  before  the  bull  had  been  started 
for  the  Taft  ranch.  At  this  show  he  was  as  for- 
tunate with  the  McCray  bull  as  he  had  been  with 
Repeater,  receiving  first  in  the  senior  yearling  bull 
class  and  subsequently  the  junior  bull  champion- 
ship. McCray  forged  to  the  front  in  the  get-of-sire 
class  with  a  quartette  by  Perfection  Fairfax.  He 
also  had  first  in  aged  cows  and  the  senior  female 
championship  on  the  great  cow  Lady  Fairfax  4th. 
At  some  of  the  state  fairs  VanNatta's  Margaret  had 
defeated  her,  and  it  was  a  question  all  through  the 
season  as  to  where  the  superior  merit  really  reposed. 
In  two-year-old  heifers  Luce  &  Moxley  scored  with 
Princess  R  10th,  daughter  of  Prince  Rupert  8th, 
after  a  hard  battle  with  McCray 's  Lady  Fairfax  9th. 
It  was  in  the  senior  yearling  class,  however,  that  a 
really  sensational  female  developed  in  Dr.  Logan 's 
Scottish  Lassie,  by  Young  Beau  Brummel.  She  was 
one  of  the  ripest  and  richest  specimens  ever  seen  in 
the  Kansas  City  showyard,  and  later  in  the  week 
received  not  only  the  junior  but  the  grand  cham- 
pionship of  the  female  classes.  Another  stunning 
presentation  was  that  of  the  Harris  Princess  twins, 
daughters  of  Beau  Donald  5th  out  of  a  Beau  Brum- 
mel cow.  These  remarkable  heifers  bore  away  both 
the  blue  and  red  ribbons  in  a  strong  class. 

At  Chicago  in  December  the  Bryant  bull  was  not 
shown,  and  Prime  Lad  9th  resumed  his  old-time 
position  at  the  head  of  the  senior  bulls,  McCray  win- 
ning second  on  Principal  6th  and  Brock  third  on 


PROSPERITY   REGAINED  915 

Distinction  by  Disturber.  Repeater  repeated  his 
Kansas  City  winning  in  the  two-year-old  bull  class, 
as  did  also  Gay  Lad  6th  in  senior  yearlings.  When 
it  came  to  the  championships  Mr.  Harris  had  the 
rare  honor  of  receiving  the  senior  and  grand  cham- 
pionships on  Repeater  and  the  junior  championship 
on  Gay  Lad  6th.  John  Letham,  representing  Mr. 
Brock,  whose  herd  was  now  established  at  Lake 
Geneva,  Wis.,  here  made  a  phenomenal  record  for 
these  extraordinary  International  competitions  by 
winning  first  in  junior  yearling  bulls  on  Discounter, 
first  in  junior  yearling  heifers  on  Disturber's  Lassie 
3d,  first  in  senior  heifer  calves  on  Miss  Annabel  by 
Distinction,  and  first  in  junior  heifer  calves  on  Lady 
Viola  by  Disturber,  besides  the  young  herd  prize. 
Mr.  McCray  again  scored  with  Lady  Fairfax  4th 
and  won  the  get-of-sire  competition  with  his  Perfec- 
tion Fairfaxes.  Harris  won  the  aged  herd  prize, 
and  Scottish  Lassie  was  junior  and  grand  cham- 
pion female. 

Improvement  Continues. — There  were  1,203  head 
of  pedigree  Herefords  put  through  the  sale  rings  of 
1911  at  an  average  price  of  $160.  This  was  an  aver- 
age advance  of  $16  per  head  over  a  like  number 
during  1910,  and  indicated  that  the  tide  was  still 
running  slowly  towards  better  things.  That  this 
was  the  case  was  all  the  more  plain  because  of  the 
fact  that  the  offerings  of  the  year  were  not  notably 
attractive. 

The  ball  was  opened  at  a  combination  sale  at  Den- 
ver, Colo.,  on  the  19th  of  January,  when  50  head  of 


916  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

bulls  were  sold  at  an  average  of  $182.  The  best 
figure  made  was  $475  for  Mr.  A.  L.  Westou's  young 
bull  Carlos  2d,  taken  by  Mousel  Bros.  The  Mata- 
dor Company  paid  $400  for  The  Heir's  March 
On.  One  of  the  largest  indivdual  buyers  was 
M.  K.  Parsons  of  Denver.  On  Feb.  16  Mr.  Hutch- 
eon's  herd  was  dispersed  at  Bolckow,  Mo.  At 
this  sale  the  average  of  $326.50  on  13  bulls  was  en- 
couraging, and  the  general  average  was  $233.20. 
The  bull  calf  Tempter  3d  was  taken  by  Makin  Bros., 
formerly  of  Kansas,  but  now  again  breeding  Here- 
fords  at  Grandview,  Mo.,  at  $740.  Mapleton  4th  was 
bought  by  J.  Secor  of  Iowa  at  $725.  Handsome  Lad, 
a  double  Beaumont,  went  to  J.  Wolf  of  Missouri  at 
$500,  and  Beaumont  himself,  nearly  eleven  years  old 
but  looking  very  fit,  was  taken  by  H.  D.  Cornish  of 
Missouri  at  $305.  A.  B.  Cook,  Helena,  Mont.,  was  a 
good  bidder  for  females,  his  lot  including  the  great 
producing  matron  Queen  B,  by  Beau  Brummel,  from 
which  Mr.  Hutcheon  had  previously  sold  six  calves 
for  a  total  of  $3,400.  On  Feb.  17  J.  0.  Bryant  sold 
81  head  at  Savannah,  Mo.,  for  an  average  of  $141.70. 
A.  B.  Cook  was  also  a  bidder  at  this  sale.  The  top 
price  was  $725  made  for  the  Kansas  City  prize  bull 
Curtis,  purchased  by  Hann  &  Mayne  of  Iowa.  This 
price  was  disappointing.  Beaumont  2d  sold  for  $700 
to  a  Kansas  steer  feeder.  On  Feb.  18  J.  A.  Larson 
sold  at  Everest,  Kans.,  62  head  for  an  average  of 
$126.95.  A.  B.  Cook  was  in  attendance  at  this  sale 
also  and  was  a  good  bidder  on  the  best  animals  of- 
fered, securing  ten  head.  In  this  case  the  bulls  again 


PROSPERITY   REGAINED  917 

outsold  the  females,  always  a  good  indication  of 
rising  values. 

Warren  T.  McCray  sold  at  Kentland,  Ind.,  on  Feb. 
22,  1911,  70  head  for  an  average  of  $206.  The  prices 
were  steady  at  around  $200,  with  nothing  going  be- 
yond $550,  the  price  paid  by  J.  F.  Jones,  Granville, 
0.,  for  the  cow  Mercedes.  The  young  show  bull 
Beau  Real  15th  fetched  $515,  the  top  for  bulls.  J.  P. 
Cudahy  was  a  good  bidder,  securing  Corrector  Fair- 
fax at  $450.  At  Kansas  City  on  March  7  and  8  59 
bulls  sold  in  a  combination  sale  for  an  average  of 
$174.  The  best  figure  reached  here  was  $500  for  the 
yearling  bull  Guy,  consigned  by  J.  A.  Gibson.  On 
March  10  W.  J.  Davis  &  Co.,  Jackson,  Miss.,  held  a 
sale  at  their  farm  which  averaged  $220,  the  bulls 
selling  for  $241.  J.  J.  Early  of  Baring,  Mo.,  reported 
in  April  the  private  sale  of  the  five-year-old  prize- 
winning  bull  Sunny  U.  J.  to  Williams  Bros.,  Ran- 
dolph, Wis.,  for  $700.  Gudgell  &  Simpson  offered 
62  head  at  Kansas  City  on  April  28.  The  cattle  had 
no  great  preparation  and  the  general  average  was 
$141.30,  18  bulls  averaging  $172.20.  The  highest 
price  paid  was  $330  for  Beau  Gaston  by  George  J. 
Anstey  of  Iowa, 

On  Oct.  27  Cyrus  A.  Tow  disposed  of  49  head  at 
an  average  of  $181.90.  The  15  bulls  averaged 
$208.70.  Mr.  Tow  during  the  year  purchased  the 
entire  S.  L.  Brock  herd,  including  some  75  head, 
thus  acquiring  possession  of  the  highly  prized  blood 
of  Disturber.  Some  of  the  get  of  this  bull  were  in- 
cluded in  this  sale  and  they  averaged  about  $110 


918  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

above  the  general  average.  The  top  of  this  offering 
was  $505,  given  by  A.  J.  Minish  for  the  yearling  bull 
Dismora  2d.  Thomas  Mortimer  topped  the  females 
by  paying  $375  for  Lady  Peel  by  Disturber.  Mr. 
Cook  of  Montana  got  the  show  heifer  Miss  Laura  B 
at  $300.  Mr.  McCray  was  also  a  buyer  at  this  sale. 
At  Fowler,  Ind.,  on  Nov.  2  and  3  a  disappointing 
sale  was  made  by  the  executors  of  the  estate  of  Wil- 
liam S.  VanNatta,  at  which  114  head  averaged  $184. 
Here,  as  at  most  other  sales  of  the  year,  the  bulls 
did  better  than  the  females,  24  head  averaging  $263 
and  the  top  price  being  $1,005  paid  by  0.  Harris  for 
Donald  Lad  7th.  Messrs.  J.  H.  &  J.  W.  VanNatta, 
relatives  of  the  deceased  who  were  breeding  good 
cattle  independently  at  Lafayette,  Ind.,  paid  the  top 
price  for  a  female — $505  for  Prime  Lady  2d.  Mr. 
McCray  was  the  most  extensive  purchaser,  making 
investments  which  subsequently  returned  handsome 
profits.  As  the  sale  was  to  close  the  estate,  no  guar- 
antee of  any  kind  could  be  given,  and  this  fact  of 
course  militated  against  high  prices.* 

*The  well  known  herdsman,  Tom  Andrews,  who  had  commenced 
his  career  with  the  first  VanNatta  show  herd,  assisted  in  this  sale, 
and  this  therefore  is  a  fitting  opportunity  to  refer  to  his  work  in  gen- 
eral. Tom  has  had  a  long  and  interesting  identification  with  the 
fitting  of  show  and  sale  cattle  in  leading  western  herds.  Like  most 
of  the  other  English  boys  who  came  into  our  cattle  business  in  the 
'80's,  he  was  born  in  Herefordshire.  This  important  event  in  his 
career  occurred  on  Oct.  6,  1861,  in  the  parish  of  Dorstone.  His  father 
was  a  farmer,  who  in  1869  leased  a  450-acre  tract  at  Winforton,  where 
he  remained  for  seven  years.  In  1876  Mr.  Andrews  Sr.  leased  a 
place  of  similar  size  at  Weston  Court,  Pembridge.  Reverses  over- 
taking his  father  in  1880,  Tom  felt  compelled  to  get  out  and  hustle 
for  himself,  so  .in  April,  1881,  we  find  him  approaching  that  Mecca 
of  most  of  the  Herefordshire  lads  in  that  day — Beecher,  111. — in 
quest  of  work. 

He  engaged  with  T.  L.  Miller,  and  in  the  fall  of  1882  went  to 
Fowler  &  VanNatta  to  help  George  Waters  in  the  fitting  of  the 
show  cattle  sent  out  successfully  on  the  circuit  that  year.  After  this 
experience  Mr.  Andrews  went  to  Earl  &  Stuart  for  twelve  months, 
and  from  there  to  Kansas  City  with  Frank  Crane,  who  was  at  that 


Photo  by   Hildebrand 
ARAMINTA    4TH,    OF    THE    CARGILL   &   McMILLAN    SHOW    HERD. 


Photo  by  Hildebrand 

DISTURBER   139989— IN    BREEDING    CONDITION— BRED    BY    JESS8    ADAMS 
AND    USED    BY   S.    L.    BROCK. 


920  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

During  the  Kansas  City  show  50  head,  mostly 
bulls,  were  sold  at  an  average  of  $262.  As  far  as 
bulls  were  concerned,  this  exceeded  the  average  of 
prices  at  the  sale  of  1910  by  $95.  This  was  partly 
due  to  the  presence  upon  this  occasion  of  ranchmen 
buying  for  export  to  Hawaii.  The  highest  price  of 
the  sale  was  $1,050  for  the  two-year-old  show  heifer 
Banza,  contributed  by  R.  H.  Hazlett,  El  Dorado, 
Kans.,  and  bought  by  J.  P.  Cudahy.  Cudahy  had 
in  the  meantime  acquired  possession  of  Dr.  Logan's 
famous  champion  heifer  Scottish  Lassie.  At  this 
sale  Laredo  Boy  was  sold  by  his  breeder,  C.  L. 
Browning  of  Laredo,  Mo.,  to  Carl  Miller,  Belvue, 
Kans.,  at  $610.  He  had  won  a  red  ribbon  in  the 
show.  On  Nov.  9  Makin  Bros,  sold  63  head  at  an 
average  of  $146.30,  the  12  bulls  averaging  $208.95. 
They  were  topped  by  Paragon  12th  taken  by  John 
Gosling  at  $450.  J.  P.  Cudahy  bought  Celandine  2d, 

time  maintaining  a  sale  stable  in  charge  of  George  Waters.  While 
here  Tom  went  to  Quebec  to  take  charge  of  60  head  of  cattle  then 
in  quarantine  that  had  been  imported  by  George  Leigh.  These  were 
intended  for  the  Lee  &  Crane  farm  near  Independence,  Mo.  From 
the  quarantine  station  Andrews  came  to  the  Chicago  Fat  Stock  Show 
with  four  steers,  one  of  which,  a  purebred  Hereford,  won  the  two- 
year-old  championship  over  all  breeds. 

This  was  perhaps  the  first  job  of  fitting  for  which  Tom  had  full 
personal  credit,  and  he  naturally  felt  proud  of  his  achievement  upon 
that  occasion.  After  this  he  returned  to  the  Crane  farm  at  Inde- 
pendence. In  the  autumn  of  1886  he  went  to  England,  and  after  his 
return  was  for  about  three  years  with  Z.  T.  Kinsell  of  Mt.  Ayr.  la. 
In  1895  he  was  with  the  F.  A.  Nave  show  herd,  and  in  1896  was  en- 
gaged by  Mr.  J.  H.  Miller,  Peru,  Ind.,  to  take  23  head  of  cattle  to 
Buenos  Aires,  South  America.  In  1902  he  showed  the  F.  L.  Stude- 
baker  herd.  Subsequently  he  fed  for  the  Messrs.  VanNatta  of  La- 
fayette for  two  years.  In  1908  he  revisited  England  and  on  his  return 
assisted  with  the  preparation  of  Frank  Nave's  cattle  for  the  closing- 
out  sale  at  Chicago.  After  this  engagement  he  went  to  Michigan, 
showing  a  herd  for  Merritt  Chandler,  and  in  1910  was  with  the  Cyrus 
A.  Tow  cattle.  Once  again  he  went  back  to  Herefordshire,  and  on 
returning  to  America  was  again  with  the  herd  of  W.  S.  VanNatta 
&  Son,  staying  with  the  firm  until  the  closing-out  sale  after  Mr. 
VanNatta's  death.  It  thus  appears  that  Andrews  was  helping  with 
the  first  Herefords  Mr.  VanNatta  ever  exhibited,  as  well  as  with  the 
last.  In  1913  he  was  with  the  W.  H.  Curtice  cattle  in  Kentucky,  and 
at  the  present  time  (1914)  is  in  the  employ  of  the  Messrs.  Berry, 
Mt.  Vernon,  la. 


PROSPERITY   REGAINED  921 

the  junior  heifer  show  calf,  for  $500.  It  was  an- 
nounced at  this  sale  that  Claude  Makin,  who  had 
been  the  guiding  hand  in  the  firm's  Hereford  breed- 
ing operations  for  thirty  years,  would  continue  in 
the  business,  retaining  the  bull  Beau  Paragon  and  a 
few  females.  Needless  to  say,  this  announcement 
was  received  with  special  satisfaction,  because  in 
the  course  of  his  long  and  honorable  identification 
with  the  ".white  faces"  he  had  been  a  consistent 
adherent  of  "quality"  cattle  and  had  gained  the 
goodwill  of  all  with  whom  he  had  come  in  contact. 
At  the  combination  sale  during  the  Chicago  Inter- 
national 51  head  made  the  gratifying  average  of 
$286.30.  Twenty-one  females  averaged  $344,  this 
mark  being  reached  largely  through  the  sale  of  the 
junior  champion  heifer  Perfection  Lass  to  Mr.  Cud- 
ahy  at  $2,000.  C.  M.  Largert  of  Texas  bought  Mr. 
McCray's  bull  calf.  Victor  Fairfax  at  $1,000,  and 
William  Andrews  &  Sons  of  Morse,  la.,  gave  the 
same  amount  for  Jim  Price's  yearling  Bonnie  Brae 
37th.  George  Leigh  was  a  good  buyer  upon  this 
occasion,  taking  a  number  of  good  bulls  for  the  west- 
ern trade. 

Death  of  William  S.  VanNatta.— The  veteran 
breeder,  William  S.  VanNatta,  died  at  Fowler,  Ind., 
on  May  26,  1911,  at  the  mature  age  of  eighty-one 
years.  He  was  born  in  a  log  cabin  on  the  prairies 
of  Tippecanoe  Co.,  Ind.,  on  Sept.  27,  1830.  These 
pages  are  so  full  of  references  to  the  great  Herefords 
bred  by  Mr.  VanNatta  that  it  is  unnecessary  to 
enter  into  further  details  concerning  his  operations 


TTTE    LATE    WILLIAM    S.    VANNATTA'R    HOME    AT    FOWLER,    IND. 


PROSPERITY   REGAINED  923 

in  this  connection.  Suffice  it  to  say  that,  everything 
considered,  he  has  had  no  superior  as  yet  in  the 
ranks  of  American  breeders  of  Hereford  cattle.  The 
dispersion  of  the  old  herd  has  already  been  referred 
to.  In  "The  Breeder's  Gazette "  for  June  7,  1911, 
the  author  of  this  volume  endeavored  to  pay  a  suit- 
able tribute  to  Mr.  VanNatta 's  memory,  from  which 
we  may  here  extract  the  following: 

' '  Mr.  VanNatta  will  live  in  American  agricultural 
history  as  one  who  contributed  heavily  to  the  sum 
total  of  progress  registered  in  his  chosen  field  dur- 
ing the  span  of  his  activities.  His  career  as  one  of 
the  greatest  cattle  breeders  this  country  has  yet  pro- 
duced abounds  in  inspirations  for  those  who  would 
follow  in  his  footsteps.  But  the  one  mountain  peak 
standing  out  in  bold  relief  in  the  outlines  of  his 
progress  is  unswerving  tenacity  of  purpose.  One 
can  but  admire  the  indomitable  pluck,  the  infinite 
patience  that  characterized  his  unfaltering  devotion 
to  the  cause  he  had  espoused  throughout  all  the  al- 
ternating periods  of  adversity  and  depression.  The 
lesson  of  his  life  is  just  this:  It  pays  to  stand  by 
one's  colors;  it  pays  to  keep  one's  head  during 
'booms/  and  one's  nerve  during  depressions;  it  pays 
to  be  ruggedly  honest  always.  The  fact  may  as  well 
be  admitted  first  as  last  that,  as  a  people,  we  are 
not  possessed  in  high  degree  of  that  quality  of 
dogged  persistence  that  finds  probably  its  best  na- 
tional expression  in  the  life  of  Gen.  U.  S.  Grant. 
William  S.  VanNatta  became  convinced  in  the  early 
'70 's  that  the  ' white  faces'  were  the  best  beef  cattle 
of  the  day,  and  in  their  cause  he  enlisted  not  for 
*  ninety  days'  but  'for  the  war';  and  upon  that  line 
he  fought  it  out  to  a  finish  that  not  only  brought 
fame  to  himself  but  honor  to  the  Hereford  name. ' ' 


924  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

The  Judgments  of  1911.— There  was  the  usual  pre- 
liminary skirmishing  at  the  state  fairs  of  1911,  with 
various  changes  in  the  rating  at  the  hands  of  differ- 
ent judges.  The  Kansas  City  Royal  this  year  found 
the  new  Secretary  of  the  American  Hereford  Asso- 
ciation, R.  J.  Kinzer,  in  charge  of  the  Hereford  ex- 
hibit as  superintendent,  Messrs.  Shade  and  Hazlett 
being  the  other  two  members  of  the  managing  com- 
mittee. The  judges  were  Capt.  Eobson  of  Canada, 
S.  W.  Anderson  of  West  Virginia  and  Edward  J. 
Taylor  of  Michigan. 

In  the  class  of  ten  aged  bulls  Giltner  Bros,  were 
first  on  Beau  Columbus,  Makin  Bros. '  Paragon  12th, 
that  had  been  very  successful  earlier  in  the  season, 
being  here  turned  down  to  fourth  place.  J.  H.  & 
J.  W.  VanNatta  were  second  on  Tippecanoe,  an  im- 
pressive bull  forward,  with  drooping  incurved  horns 
and  fine  spread  of  back.  Beau  Columbus  was  uni- 
versally admired  for  his  good  breed  character,  great 
evenness  from  end  to  end,  strength  of  hind-quarter 
and  fullness  of  twist.  McCray  came  into  third  place 
with  Fairfax  13th.  In  the  two-year-old  bulls  Harris 
had  an  easy  victory  with  Gay  Lad  6th,  that  proved 
to  be  quite  the  sensation  of  the  showyard  year  so 
far  as  Hereford  bulls  were  concerned.  Sired  by 
Prime  Lad  16th,  son  of  old  Prime  Lad,  and  out  of 
Sister  Perfection,  own  sister  to  the  champion  bull 
Perfection,  Gay  Lad  6th  was  regarded  as  a  more 
spectacular  proposition  than  either  of  the  champions 
whose  names  ornamented  his  ancestral  tree.  Fair- 
fax 16th,  shown  here  by  Mr.  Cudahy,  was  almost  as 


926  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

sensational.  His  beautiful  front  and  wonderful  fin- 
ish all  around  rendered  him  an  outstanding  bull  in 
any  company.  He  was  both  senior  and  grand  cham- 
pion. Another  remarkable  youngster,  Cudahy's 
Corrector  Fairfax,  son  of  Perfection  Fairfax  and 
Likely  by  Corrector,  headed  a  class  of  seventeen 
senior  yearlings  and  was  subsequently  made  junior 
champion.  He  had  a  beautiful  coat,  grand  front  and 
quarters  that  left  nothing  to  be  desired — another 
one  of  the  many  top-notchers  now  coming  so  fre- 
quently from  Mr.  McCray's  herd.  Scottish  Lassie 
was  senior  and  grand  champion  cow  and  VanNatta  's 
Donald  Lass  9th,  first-prize  senior  heifer  calf,  was, 
junior  female  champion. 

At  Chicago  under  the  judgment  of  Abram  Eenick 
and  George  Leigh  Beau  Columbus  again  headed  the 
aged  bulls,  Paragon  12th,  that  had  passed  into  the 
possession  of  W.  A.  Dallmeyer  of  Jefferson  City, 
Mo.,  moving  up  to  second  place.  Messrs.  Eobinson 
received  third  on  Bonnie  Brae  8th.  Gay  Lad  6th 
repeated  his  Kansas  City  victories,  heading  the  two- 
year-old  bulls  and  attaining  the  senior  and  grand 
championship.  Corrector  Fairfax  duplicated  his 
Kansas  City  victories. 

In  the  female  section  Scottish  Lassie  was  still  the 
reigning  favorite,  again  winning  the  senior  and 
grand  championship.  The  junior  championship  fell 
to  Luce  &  Moxley  on  Perfection  Lass,  a  heifer  with 
a  great  top,  beautifully  balanced  and  of  most  at- 
tractive femininity. 

Auction  Sales  of  1912.— During  1912  there  were 


PROSPERITY   REGAINED  927 

957  Herefords  disposed  of  at  public  sale  at  an  aver- 
age of  $180.40.  This  was  an  advance  of  $20  per 
head  over  the  previous  year.  During  the  Denver 
show  in  January  46  head  fetched  an  average  of 
$182.35.  On  Feb.  22  Mr.  McCray  sold  70  head  for 
an  average  of  $255,  20  bulls  averaging  $330  with 
none  of  them  going  higher  than  $680,  which  price 
was  paid  for  Fairfax  13th  by  a  cattle  company 
operating  in  Old  Mexico.  On  Feb.  29  at  Grand 
Island,  Neb.,  Mousel  Bros,  and  G.  G.  Clement  dis- 
posed of  44  head  at  an  average  of  $201.80,  on  which 
occasion  the  young  bull  Beau  Mousel  was  bought 
by  Mr.  DeWitt  of  Colorado  Springs  for  $1,000.  Mr. 
DeWitt  had  also  been  a  good  buyer  at  the  McCray 
sale.  On  March  8  and  9  at  Council  Grove,  Kans., 
Jones  Bros.,  who  were  dissolving  partnership,  sold 
158  head  at  an  average  of  $128.70,  bulls  again 
outselling  the  females,  the  22  males  averaging 
$172.50.  At  a  sale  made  by  W.  J.  Davis  &  Co.  of 
Mississippi  on  March  14  42  head  averaged  $163.50. 
A  combination  sale  was  held  at  Kansas  City  on 
March  26  and  27,  but  the  offerings  were  not  of  the 
highest  grade  and  the  average  on  116  head  was  but 
$116.35,  with  a  top  of  $410  for  a  yearling  bull  con- 
signed by  the  Funkhouser  estate.  On  April  12  at 
Kingsley,  la,,  Messrs.  Edmunds,  Shade  &  Co.  sold 
52  head  at  an  average  of  $150,  the  best  price  being 
made  by  the  yearling  bull  Beau  Albany,  sold  to  go 
to  Canada  at  $500. 

During  the  Kansas  City  show  in  October  a  lot 
of  well  conditioned  cattle  were  offered,  the  49  head 


928  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

averaging  $303.90  and  no  exceptional  prices  being 
included.  A  top  of  $710  was  paid  by  J.  M.  Curtice 
for  Prince  Rupert  39th,  consigned  by  Luce  &  Mox- 
ley.  Dr.  Logan  bought  Beau  Caldo,  bred  by  Rob- 
ert H.  Hazlett,  at  $680.  On  Oct.  22  0.  Harris  & 
Sons  made  a  good  sale  of  64  head  which  averaged 
$314.  The  two  bulls  Donald  Lad  7th  and  Prize- 
winner made  $1,000  each.  Gay  Lad  8th  brought 
$1,025  and  Gay  Lad  2d  $1,500,  the  latter  price  being 
paid  by  W.  M.  Braddock  of  Nebraska.  The  bull 
average  here  was  $464.  Five  Gay  Lad  6th  bulls 
averaged  $772.  On  Oct.  24  Gudgell  &  Simpson  sold 
50  head  at  Kansas  City  for  an  average  of  $177.60, 
the  bulls  averaging  $254.30  and  the  top  being  $460 
for  Bright  Lord.  On  the  following  day  C.  B.  Smith 
sold  50  head  at  Fayette,  Mo.,  for  an  average  of 
$127.50.  Nearly  half  of  these  went  to  Montana. 
Giltner  Bros,  sold  50  head  at  Shelbyville,  Ky.,  on 
Oct.  30  at  an  average  of  $176.70,  the  bulls  making 
$224.  The  yearling  bull  Beau  Boston  went  to  Texas 
at  $500.  At  Chicago  on  Dec.  4  36  head  averaged 
$325,  the  $1,000  notch  being  reached  by  the  cow 
Prime  Lady  2d,  sold  by  J.  H.  &  J.  W.  VanNatta 
to  R.  A.  Thompson  of  Alberta,  Canada.  The  highest 
price  for  a  bull  was  $975  for  Donald  Rex  by  Mr. 
Zwick  of  Colorado.  On  Dec.  17  at  Harlan,  la., 
Hann  &  Mayne  sold  59  head  for  an  average  of 
$152.  The  chief  attraction  at  this  sale  was  Beau 
Perfection  9th,  taken  by  Mr.  Cudahy  at  $1,000. 

Fairfax  16th  and  Scottish  Lassie. — Again  passing 
by  the  ebb  and  flow  of  awards  at  the  state  fairs, 


Photo  by  Hildebrand 
BEAD  FAIRFAX  368360,  BRED  BY  W.  T.  McCRAY. 


Photo  by  Hildebrand 

THE  CHAMPION  FAIRFAX  16TH  316931,   BRED  BY  W.  T.   McCRAY,  SHOWN 
BY  J.  P.  CDDAHY  AND  SOLD  TO  A.  B.  COOK. 


930  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

we  may  summarize  the  show  season  of  1912  with 
the  statement  that  the  chief  honors  of  the  year, 
the  Kansas  City  and  Chicago  championships,  were 
reaped  by  Mr.  Cudahy's  Fairfax  16th  316931  and 
Scottish  Lassie.  The  former  had  stood  second  to 
Gay  Lad  6th  in  the  two-year-old  class  at  both  the 
Royal  and  the  International  of  1911,  while  the  Las- 
sie had  been  senior  and  grand  champion  female. 
Fairfax  16th  was  bred  by  Mr.  McCray.  Sired  by 
Perfection  Fairfax  he  was  out  of  Cherry  Donald 
by  Beau  Donald  33d,  the  second  dam  being  Mary's 
Cherry  by  Cherry  Boy,  son  of  old  Fowler.  He 
therefore  represented  a  fine  blending  of  the  blood 
of  the  champions  of  other  days,  and  in  him  surely 
all  that  was  best  in  his  ancestry  lived  again.  At 
Kansas  City  under  Thomas  Mortimer  Fairfax  16th 
was  first  in  aged  bulls,  senior  and  grand  champion 
bull  and  headed  the  first-prize  herd.  Scottish  Las- 
sie headed  the  aged  cows  and  was  again  senior  and 
grand  champion  female.  0.  Harris  &  Sons  ran  away 
with  the  junior  championships  on  the  wonderful 
senior  bull  calf  Repeater  7th  and  the  senior  heifer 
calf  Miss  Gay  Lad  6th.  Mr.  Tow  had  a  remarkably 
fine  lot  of  young  cattle  on  exhibition,  largely  the 
get  of  Disturber,  and  gained  high  places  in  the  prize- 
list. 

Coming  up  to  the  International  in  December  Mr. 
Cudahy  was  still  unbeatable,  Fairfax  16th  again 
being  first-prize  aged  bull,  grand  champion  and  the 
head  of  the  first-prize  herd.  Mr.  Tow  stood  second 
with  his  low-set  masculine  bull  Standard,  by  Bonnie 


PROSPERITY   REGAINED  931 

Brae  8th.  The  Giltners  were  third  on  Britisher  Jr., 
showing  much  of  the  scale  of  his  famous  sire,  once 
champion  in  this  same  ring.  Corrector  Fairfax,  the 
junior  champion  of  1911,  led  the  two-year-olds  and 
Mr.  McCray  was  second  with  another  bull  of  his 
own  breeding — Byron  Fairfax.  In  senior  yearling 
bulls  the  VanNattas  were  first  on  Graceful  Lad  and 
Hazlett  was  second  on  Bonnie  Lad  26th,  by  Bonnie 
Brae  8th.  In  junior  yearling  bulls  Cudahy 's  Beau 
Fairfax  was  first,  and  Tow's  Perfection  Jr.,  by  Per- 
fection, was  second,  with  Hazlett 's  Bocaldo  third. 
In  senior  bull  calves  Messrs.  Harris  were  easily  first 
with  Eepeater  7th,  also  taking  second  on  Gay  Lad 
9th.  Luce  &  Moxley  headed  the  junior  bull  calves 
with  Prince  Real  by  Beau  Real  15th. 

The  place  next  to  Scottish  Lassie  in  the  aged  cow 
class  was  assigned  to  the  VanNattas'  Prime  Lady 
2d,  McCray  having  third  on  Gay  Lass  5th.  In  two- 
year-old  heifers  Cudahy  headed  the  line  with  Per- 
fection Lass,  Tow's  Disturber's  Lassie  4th  being  at 
her  side.  In  the  championship  rings  the  Kansas 
City  verdicts  were  approved  in  the  case  of  Fairfax 
16th,  Repeater  7th  and  Scottish  Lassie,  but  the  junior 
female  championship  was  here  sent  to  Miss  Re- 
peater llth  instead  of  to  Miss  Gay  Lad  6th,  the 
former  having  been  awarded  first  prize  in  the  junior 
heifer  calf  class.  Miss  Gay  Lad  6th,  the  Kansas 
City  champion,  had  been  placed  second  in  senior 
calves  to  Cudahy 's  superb  plush-coated  Pearl  Don- 
ald by  Beau  Donald  40th. 

Higher  Levels  Reached. — For  the  third  con  seen- 


932  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

tive  year  the  Herefords  sold  at  auction  in  1913  real- 
ized the  highest  average  attained  by  any  of  the 
beef  breeds,  a  total  of  1,311  head  bringing  $259.30 
as  against  $220.35  for  Shorthorns.  It  should  be 
noted,  however,  that  as  a  rule  about  twice  as  many 
Shorthorns  as  Herefords  are  sold  publicly  each  year. 

The  year  opened  auspiciously  in  the  west  by  a 
capital  sale  held  during  the  Denver  show  on  Jan.  23. 
The  success  was  due  in  good  part  to  the  liberal  buy- 
ing of  Mr.  A.  B.  Cook  of  Helena,  Mont.,  who  took 
out  the  three-year-old  bull  Heir's  March  On  2d 
359789  at  $1,350.  Bred  by  T.  F.  DeWitt  of  Colo- 
rado Springs,  he  had  won  the  bull  championship  that 
week.  He  was  sired  by  The  Heir,  he  by  Beau  Don- 
ald 17th.  Another  youngster  by  this  same  bull  was 
taken  by  D.  Firm  &  Son,  La  Veta,  Colo.,  at  $1,250. 
Six  other  bulls  by  The  Heir  brought  a  total  of 
$2,590.  The  highest-priced  female  was  Defender's 
Lassie  2d,  taken  by  Mr.  Tow  of  Iowa  at  $600. 

At  Grand  Island,  Neb.,  on  Feb.  14  and  15  another 
successful  sale  was  held  under  the  management  of 
Mousel  Bros. ;  114  head  sold  for  an  average  of  $221, 
the  73  bulls  averaging  $241  and  the  41  cows  $186. 
Beau's  Contender,  consigned  by  Mousel  Bros,  and 
sired  by  Beau  Mischief,  topped  the  sale  at  $950,  go- 
ing to  Wm.  Hutcheon  of  Missouri.  The  bull  calf 
Beau  Lindell  2d  was  taken  by  Gudgell  &  Simpson 
at  $925. 

McCray's  Big  Average.— On  Feb.  26  at  Kentland, 
Ind.,  Mr.  McCray  had  the  satisfaction  of  selling  76 
head  for  an  average  of  $525,  the  females  averaging 


WARREN     T.    McCRAY. 


934  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

$410  and  the  27  bulls  averaging  $740.  For  several 
years  Mr.  McCray  had  been  making  Hereford  show- 
yard  history,  particularly  with  the  get  of  Perfec- 
tion Fairfax.  Nine  sons  of  this  bull  averaged  $1,460 
upon  this  occasion.  Mr.  Cudahy  paid  $2,500  for 
Crusader  Fairfax.  Thompson  Bros.,  West  Point, 
Neb.,  gave  the  same  sum  for  Duke  Eeal,  out  of  a 
daughter  of  Perfection  Fairfax.  C.  A.  Tow  paid 
$2,450  for  Byron  Fairfax,  Dr.  Logan  $1,650  for  Bus- 
sell  Fairfax,  J.  I.  Moffat,  Carroll,  Manitoba,  $1,575 
for  Perfect  Fairfax,  Charles  Adams,  Dickinson, 
N.  D.,  $850  for  Albany  Fairfax  and  Watson  &  Puck- 
ett,  Apple  Biver,  111.,  $725  for  Prince  Fairfax.  Con- 
rad Kohrs,  the  veteran  Montana  ranchman,  pur- 
chased a  bunch  of  good  bulls  at  this  sale.  The  day 
after  this  event  Mr.  McCray  sold  at  private  treaty 
Beau  Perfection  llth  to  Downie  &  Sons  of  Alberta 
for  $1,750,  the  prize-winning  calf  Beal  Fairfax  to 
A.  L.  Weston,  Golden,  Colo.,  for  $2,000  and  a  month- 
old  calf  by  Perfection  Fairfax — a  full  brother  to 
Byron  Fairfax— for  $1,000.* 

*Asked  for  a  statement  as  to  how  he  became  interested  in 
Hereford  cattle  Mr.  McCray  has  supplied  the  following  interesting 
story: 

".I  can  hardly  remember  when  I  first  became  interested  in 
cattle.  My  parents  have  told  me  that  when  I  was  a  little  boy  in 
kilts  I  developed  an  early  instinct  for  cattle.  My  favorite  game 
was  riding  a  stick  horse  and  driving  "cattleoes,"  as  I  called  them 
at  that  time.  My  father  handled  a  greaf  many  feeding  cattle  and 
I  simply  inherited  my  love  for  them.  I  can  well  remember  when 
a  small  boy  of  going  with  my  father  to  the  home  of  Mr.  W.  S. 
VanNatta  at  the  old  Hickory  Grove  place  to  see  his  cattle,  when 
he  was  in  business  with  Mr.  Fowler.  The  impression  which  those 
big  broad-backed  thick  cows  made  at  that  time  still  remains  with 
me.  I  was  so  enthusiastic  about  them  that  I  earnestly  pleaded  with 
my  father  to  buy  two  or  three  and  take  them  home.  He  was  not 
influenced  to  any  appreciable  extent  by  my  pleadings,  however, 
though  I  can  well  remember  making  a  vow  that  I  would  some 
day  have  a  herd  of  my  own. 

"After  I  grew  to  maturity  and  engaged  in  business  for  myself, 
and  had  acquired  several  acres  of  land,  I  concluded  that  it  was 
about  time  for  me  to  indulge  in  my  desire  to  own  some  good 


PROSPERITY  REGAINED  935 

Other  Mid-west  Sales. — At  Kansas  City  on  March 
4  and  5,  a  sale  under  the  management  of  E.  T. 
Thornton  developed  a  good  demand  for  bulls,  56 
selling  for  an  average  of  $274,  the  general  average 
on  males  and  females  combined  being  $242.  A 
steady  range  of  values  rather  than  exceptionally 
high  prices  prevailed.  J.  A.  Shade  sold  49  head 

cattle.  Accordingly,  when  VanNatta  &  Son  advertised  a  sale  of 
purebred  cattle  in  the  fall  of  1905  I  went  over  to  Fowler.  I  in- 
tended to  buy  one  or  two  head  but  when  the  sale  was  over  I 
found  myself  the  owner  of  five  head  of  cows  with  three  calves 
at  foot.  That  winter  the  cattle  were  cared  for  by  a  farm  hand. 
The  next  spring  I  realized  I  must  have  a  bull,  and  inasmuch  as  I 
could  hardly  afford  to  keep  a  good  bull  for  five  cows  I  went  to 
the  sale  of  Mr.  Huxley,  at  Bunker  Hill,  and  purchased  seven  cows 
and  a  bull  (Lord  Improver).  I  had  only  ordinary  farm  help  look- 
ing after  the  cattle,  but  by  the  fall  following  my  purchase  from 
Mr.  Huxley  I  was  forced  to  the  conclusion  that  if  I  was  going  to 
handle  cattle  I  must  have  a  man  who  was  experienced  in  the 
business.  By  this  line  of  reasoning  I  also  concluded  that  if  I 
was  going  to  have  an  experienced  man  at  a  higher  cost  I  must 
have  enough  cattle  to  keep  him  employed.  That  fall  Mr.  Sotham 
was  holding  a  series  of  sales  at  the  cattle  pavilion  in  Kankakee. 
I  attended  one  of  these  and  from  the  dispersion  sale  of  Mr.  Bui- 
lard  I  purchased  eighteen  head  of  splendid  cows.  By  that  time 
I  was  getting  into  the  cattle  game  right.  I  then  hired  a  first- 
class  man  in  the  spring  of  1906. 

"I  watched  the  development  of  the  herd  that  summer.  My 
business  instinct  soon  told  me  that  while  I  might  grow  a  few 
cattle  for  my  own  enjoyment  if  I  was  going  to  make  any  mark 
in  the  world  I  must  become  an  exhibitor.  I  must  get  acquainted 
with  cattlemen  and  have  cattlemen  acquainted  with  me.  I  also 
found  that  I  must  purchase  and  add  to  my  herd  the  best  bull  I 
could  find.  That  fall  I  visited  the  state  fair  at  Indianapolis  and 
watched  the  judging  of  the  Hereford  classes.  After  the  ribbons 
had  been  tied  which  proclaimed  Prime  Lad  3d  the  grand  champion 
bull  and  Prairie  Queen  the  junior  champion  female  of  the  show, 
I  followed  Frank  VanNatta  to  the  barns  and  asked,  "Frank,  what 
will  buy  Prime  Lad  3d  and  Prairie  Queen?"  And  he  replied, 
"Thirty-three  hundred  dollars."  This  almost  took  mv  breath 
away  but  after  I  had  sufficiently  recovered  I  said,  "Why,  Frank, 
you  don't  mean  it,  do  you?"  "Yes,"  he  said,  "I  mean  it,"  and  J 
could  not  take  off  a  dollar.  I  finally  secured  an  option  on  the  two 
animals  until  the  next  week,  as  I  wanted  to  think  it  over  for  a 
while.  I  reasoned  it  all  out  and  eventually  went  over  to  Mr. 
VanNatta's  farm  and  closed  the  deal.  I  had  heard  of  a  good  cow 
out  in  Illinois  and  I  sent  my  herdsman  over  to  look  at  her  with 
authority  to  buy.  He  found  an  outstanding  animal  in  the  cow 
Phoebe,  which  we  developed  and  showed  so  successfully  in  the 
fall  of  1907. 

"That  was  my  first  season  out  and  I  only  showed  five  head: 
Prime  Lad  16th  at  the  head  of  herd;  Phoebe,  the  grand  champion 
female;  Prairie  Queen,  a  two-year-old;  Diana  Fairfax,  a  yearling, 
and  a  calf  by  Lord  Improver.  With  this  aged  herd  I  made  my 
debut  into  fashionable  Hereford  circles.  I  mention  this  to  show 
that  with  animals  of  proper  merit  one  can  compete  with  the  most 
renowned  exhibitors,  even  if  he  is  a  beginner  and  unknown.  That 


936  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

at  Kingsley,  la.,  on  March  6  which  averaged  $294. 
At  this  sale  26  bulls  averaged  $308  and  23  females 
$283.  The  highest  price  here  was  $780  paid  by 
Thomas  Mortimer  for  the  young  bull  Beau  Match- 
less 382372.  J.  B.  Ashley,  Audubon,  la,,  paid  $725 
for  the  bull  Rex  Dorian  323948.  George  J.  Anstey, 

year  Phoebe  was  grand  champion  in  almost  every  show  and 
Prairie  Queen  was  the  reserve  champion,  and  their  places  were 
accorded  them  without  much  contention.  In  the  spring  of  1907 
Prime  Lad  3d  took  sick  and  died  after  an  illness  of  but  a  few 
days.  This  was  a  sad  blow  to  my  expectations,  as  I  had  paid 
$2,500  for  him  and  had  received  but  little  benefit  from  his  use, 
having-  but  thirteen  cows  in  calf  to  his  service. 

"J  concluded  that  I  could  not  afford  to  turn  backward,  as  I 
had  collected  an  unusual  lot  of  females  and  had  built  barns  and 
had  arranged  my  pasture  for  a  cattle  business.  So  I  commenced 
to  look  around  for  a  suitable  successor  to  the  late  head  of  my 
herd.  I  addressed  fifteen  letters  to  the  prominent  breeders  of 
Hereford  cattle,  asking  if  they  had  for  sale  an  outstanding  two- 
year-old  bull.  I  found  them  to  be  very  scarce  that  year  and 
after  investigating  the  most  interesting  prospects  I  decided  that 
Prime  Lad  16th  presented  the  greatest  possibilities  as  a  sire  and 
show  animal.  I  used  him  that  season  and  the  next  fall.  I  was 
not  sure  of  my  judgment  on  him  as  a  sire,  so  I  looked  around 
for  the  bull  that  sired  calves  which  appeared  to  me  to  be  the 
best  that  were  being  shown.  After  visiting  a  few  shows  I  de- 
cided that  the  coming  sire  was  Perfection  Fairfax.  I  immediately 
opened  negotiations  with  his  owner,  Mr.  Huxley,  and  found  that 
he  could  not  be  bought  without  my  taking  over  the  entire  herd. 
This  I  did,  counting  Perfection  Fairfax  in  the  deal  at  $5,000. 
This  was  at  a  time  when  cattle  were  selling  low.  I  afterwards 
bought  the  entire  herd  of  Clem  Graves,  thereby  securing  Beau 
Real  together  with  about  twenty-five  grand  matrons  of  excellent 
quality  and  breeding.  The  well  known  principle  of  breeding, 
that  the  sire  is  half  the  herd,  has  been  more  than  demonstrated 
in  my  experience. 

"Prime  Lad  3d  died  before  he  had  an  opportunity  to  contribute 
much  to  Hereford  history.  Prime  Lad  16th  also  died  early  in 
life  but  in  the  two  years  that  I  used  him  proved  his  value  as  a 
sire  and  had  he  lived  until  old  j^ge  his  name  would  have  gone 
down  in  history  as  one  of  the  greatest  of  sires.  He  imparted  to 
his  offspring  that  size  and  quality,  that  level  smoothness,  that 
beautiful  head  and  character,  that  boldness  and  style  so  much 
desired.  His  son,  the  grand  champion  Gay  Lad  6th,  shows  the 
superlative  character  and  quality  he  transmitted,  and  his  daugh- 
ters are  uniformly  large,  smooth,  well  balanced  cows. 

"The  record  made  by  that  grand  champion  and  sire  of  grand 
champions — Perfection  Fairfax — contributes  a  page  of  Hereford 
history  that  is  truly  remarkable,  and  today  he  stands  the  unchal- 
lenged king  of  Hereford  sires.  The  uniformity  of  his  descend- 
ants in  all  particulars,  their  excellent  character,  their  general 
pleasing  make-up,  their  ability  to  put  on  flesh  with  even  smooth- 
ness, and  their  good  bone  and  feet  have  distinguished  them  and 
stamped  them  as  a  remarkable  family,  clearly  illustrating  what 
influence  a  strong  prepotent  sire  will  have  in  a  herd.  Beau  Real, 
a  grandson  of  old  Beau  Donald,  also  had  the  faculty  of  imparting 
great  uniformity  to  his  offspring  and  his  use  added  much  strength 
to  my  herd.  I  have  recently  added  the  two-year-old  Farmer  to  my 
list  of  herd  bulls  and  I  am  expecting  great  results  from  his  use." 


PROSPERITY   REGAINED  937 

Massena,  la.,  gave  $575  for  Beau  Dover.  On  March 
18  Mr.  Anstey  sold  at  South  Omaha  50  head  for  an 
average  of  $146.  At  a  combination  sale  held  at 
Omaha  on  April  16  under  the  management  of  W.  N. 
Eogers  69  head  sold  for  an  average  of  $161,  the  55 
bulls  making  around  $168.  At  East  St.  Louis  on 
April  22  a  combination  sale  under  the  management 
of  Sydney  B.  Smith  resulted  in  an  average  of  $174 
on  36  head  of  cattle.  On  April  29  Taylor  &  Welty 
sold  at  Wanatah,  Ind.,  51  head  for  an  average  of 
$182. 

A  Big  Deal  on  the  Range.— One  of  the  most  im- 
portant transactions  in  recent  years  in  the  range 
country  was  the  sale  in  May,  1913,  by  Montie  Blev- 
ins  of  his  herd  at  North  Park,  Colo.,  to  go  to  Mon- 
tana at  $75  per  head  with  all  calves  of  the  crop  of 
1913  counted.  As  there  were  between  700  and  800 
head  of  cattle  involved  in  this  deal  it  was  regarded 
as  a  notable  event.  The  sale  was  all  the  more  ex- 
ceptional because  of  the  fact  that  there  were  around 
150  head  of  yearling  heifers  in  the  herd  and  no 
young  bulls  at  all;  the  bull  calves  having  already 
been  contracted  for.  These  were  of  course  unregis- 
tered cattle,  but  Mr.  Blevins  had  practically  brought 
them  up  to  a  purebred  basis. 

Fall  Sales  of  1913.— The  usual  sale  at  Kansas  City 
during  the  American  Royal  resulted  in  an  average 
of  $388  on  the  46  head  offered,  27  bulls  averaging 
$474.  They  were  a  good  lot  and  the  demand  was 
excellent.  The  top  of  this  sale  was  $1,975  paid  by 
0.  Harris  &  Sons  for  the  second-prize  senior  bull 


938  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

calf  Vernet  Prince  4th,  that  had  been  successfully 
exhibited  by  W.  J.  Davis  &  Son  of  Mississippi.*  J.  B. 
Burkett  of  Hereford,  Tex.,  gave  $750  for  the  yearling 
Proctor  Onward.  Spooner  &  Son,  Mondamin,  la., 
paid  $700  for  Perfect  Donald.  On  the  following 
day  Gudgell  &  Simpson  sold  46  head  of  females 
for  an  average  of  $232. 

On  Oct.  22  0.  Harris  &  Son  sold  at  Harris,  Mo., 
68  head  for  an  average  of  $373,  the  29  bulls  aver- 
aging $518.  This  good  sale  resulted  largely  from 
the  high  quality  displayed  by  the  get  of  Gay  Lad 
6th  and  Eepeater.  Gay  Lad  12th,  by  Gay  Lad  6th 
out  of  a  Beau  Brummel  dam,  topped  the  sale  at 
$2,600,  being  bought  by  Johnson  Bros,  of  Colorado. 
Repeater  18th,  just  passed  twelve  months  old, 
brought  $2,100  from  A.  Christensen  of  Eagle,  Colo. 
Gay  Lad  9th  was  bought  by  E.  H.  Taylor,  Jr., 
Frankfort,  Ky.,  at  $1,500.  Gay  Lad  13th  and  Gay 
Lad  15th  brought  $900  each,  J.  B.  Gillette,  Marfa, 
Tex.,  taking  the  former  and  J.  E.  Thompson,  Mar- 
tinsville,  111.,  the  latter.  The  top  for  females  was 
$550  for  Princess  Repeater,  also  bought  by  Mr.  Tay- 

*The  Messrs.  Davis  put  a  herd  of  purebred  Hereford  cattle 
on  La  Vernet  Stock  Farm  in  January,  1910,  by  the  best  Prime 
Lad  and  Anxiety  cows  they  could  get.  They  placed  at  the  head 
of  the  herd  the  show  and  breeding  bull  Point  Comfort  14th  337488, 
now  five  years  old.  The  calves  produced  by  him  have  fxilly  met 
their  expectations.  They  bought  McCray  Fairfax,  a  great  son  of 
Perfection  Fairfax,  to  breed  on  the  daughters  of  Point  Comfort 
14th,  and  the  few  calves  to  hand  demonstrate  that  this  is  a  good 
cross.  They  say: 

"Hereford  cattle  excel  all  other  beef  breeds  for  this  climate. 
They  are  great  rustlers  and  great  breeding  cattle.  They  stand 
th'i  long  summers  and  fatten  in  the  winters,  go  out  March  1  on 
grass  in  good  shape  and  are  money-makers  and  soil-builders.  We 
predict  that  in  less  than  five  years  in  this  climate,  where  we  can 
produce  two  crops  on  the  same  land,  thereby  making  cheaper 
feeds  and  as  good  cattle,  that  the  south  will  be  able,  with  Here- 
ford Cattle,  to  make  beef  for  the  world." 


OVERTON   HARRIS. 


940  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

lor.  Mr.  Christensen  took  Princess  Repeater  3d 
at  $510. 

At  the  International  sale  at  Chicago  46  head  aver- 
aged $561,  the  26  bulls  exposed  bringing  an  average 
of  $626.70.  The  top  at  this  sale  was  $2,200  for  the 
senior  bull  calf  Standard  llth,  taken  by  A.  B.  Cook, 
Helena,  Mont.  James  Chesney  of  Evanston,  Wyo., 
gave  $2,100  for  the  two-year-old  bull  Bonnie  Lad 
28th;  C.  G.  Cochran  &  Son,  Plainview,  Kans.,  gave 
$1,130  for  Prince  Eupert  50th;  Thomas  Mortimer 
paid  $785  for  Royal  Mail,  and  W.  T.  Jones  of  Texas 
took  Diamond 's  Donald  at  $875.  The  highest-priced 
female  was  Defender's  Lassie,  taken  by  0.  Harris 
&  Son  at  $2,050.  Mr.  Taylor  of  Kentucky  gave 
$1,250  for  the  two-year-old  heifer  Bonnie  Lass.  On 
Dec.  8  W.  E.  Hemenway  &  Son  sold  33  head  at 
Steward,  111.,  for  an  average  of  $154,  the  top  being 
$500  paid  by  Meier  Bros.,  Bellvue,  la.,  for  Prime 
Star  Grove. 

William  Andrews  &  Sons  and  James  Price  sold 
at  Morse,  la.,  on  Dec.  17  17  bulls  for  an  average  of 
$321  and  21  females  at  an  average  of  $269.  Eleven 
head  of  polled  Herefords  sold  at  an  average  of  $332, 
the  entire  sale  averaging  $314.  Mr.  Price's  Bonnie 
Brae  69th,  a  double  grandson  of  Bonnie  Brae  3d, 
was  bought  by  0.  Harris  &  Son  for  $925.  The 
Messrs.  Andrews  had  been  devoting  their  attention 
for  some  time  to  the  development  of  the  polled  Here- 
ford type  and  sold  upon  this  occasion  the  two-year- 
old  polled  bull  Prime  Grove  for  $1,025,  the  buyer 
being  Henry  Smith  of  Nebraska,  Another  polled 


PROSPERITY  REGAINED  941 

bull  by  the  same  sire  went  to  Guy  Jones  of  Missouri 
at  $600. 

Fairfax  16th  and  Beau  Perfection  9th  at  $7,500.— 
In  the  month  of  August,  1913,  Mr.  McCray  made  one 
of  the  great  private  deals  of  Hereford  history,  buy- 
ing the  entire  J.  P.  Cudahy  herd  at  Belton,  Mo.,  con- 
sisting of  437  head,  and  including  the  sensational 
winners  at  the  big  shows  of  1911  and  1912 — the  bulls 
Fairfax  16th,  Beau  Donald  75th,  Beau  Fairfax,  Cor- 
rector Fairfax,  Crusader  Fairfax  and  Beau  Perfec- 
tion 9th. 

After  this  transaction  was  closed  Mr.  A.  B.  Cook 
of  Helena,  Mont.,  whose  purchases  of  high-class 
cattle  had  for  several  years  previous  been  one  of 
the  features  of  the  trade,  bought  32  head  of  the 
top  Cudahy  cattle  for  the  sum  of  $18,000,  including 
Fairfax  16th  and  Beau  Perfection  9th  at  $7,500,  the 
30  females  being  figured  at  $350  each. 

Many  other  illustrations  of  the  keen  demand  for 
good  Herefords  could  be  cited  from  the  records  of 
private  sales  made  during  the  year  1913.  The  ac- 
tivity in  the  trade  in  the  west  was  specially  marked, 
reflecting  the  steady  trend  towards  higher  values 
for  beef  cattle  on  the  hoof  at  all  leading  markets. 
Scharbauer  Bros,  of  Texas,  who  had  for  many  years 
been  breeding  cattle  of  a  character  specially  adapted 
for  the  range  trade,  reported  that  they  had  sold  for 
shipment  to  the  Dakotas  in  one  lot  thirteen  carloads 
of  bulls  numbering  429  head,  the  trade  involving 
between  $30,000  and  $40,000.  During  the  fall  of 
1913  Mr.  Eichard  Walsh,  former  manager  of  the 


942  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Adair  ranch,  visited  the  west  and  purchased  15  head 
of  bulls  for  shipment  to  British  South  Africa. 

A  Champion  From  the  South. — An  interesting  ex- 
periment in  Hereford  breeding  in  the  lower  Missis- 
sippi Valley  has  been  going  on  for  a  number  of 
years  under  the  direction  and  ownership  of  W.  J. 
Davis,  Jackson,  Miss.  At  the  International  show 
at  Chicago  in  December,  1913,  Mr.  Davis  had  the 
satisfaction  of  gaining  the  senior  and  grand  cham- 
pionship for  bulls  on  Point  Comfort  14th  337488, 
bred  by  Oscar  L.  Miles  of  Fort  Smith,  Ark.  It  is 
true  that  Mr.  Harris  did  not  exhibit  upon  this  occa- 
sion, having  dropped  out  of  the  race  after  the  Kan- 
sas City  Royal,  where  he  had  won  both  the  junior 
and  grand  bull  championships  with  Repeater  7th 
386905.  Nevertheless,  the  southern  champion  had  to 
meet  and  defeat  at  Chicago  such  bulls  as  McCray's 
Corrector  Fairfax,  Luce  &  Moxley 's  junior  cham- 
pion Prince  Real  396530,  Beau  Fairfax  and  Prince 
Rupert  50th.*  Point  Comfort  14th  on  the  side  of  his 
sire  ran  through  Patrolman  4th  133915,  bred  by 
Messrs.  Ikard  of  Texas,  to  the  Beau  Brummel  bull 
Patrolman  of  Gudgell  &  Simpson  breeding.  The  dam 
of  Patrolman  4th  was  Armour  Poppy,  bred  by  K.  B. 

*Mr.  Moxley  supplies  these  facts  concerning  the  founding  of 
the  Luce  &  Moxley  herd: 

"When  my  father  decided  to  give  up  active  farming  on 
account  of  his  health,  Mr.  Luce,  my  brother-in-law,  bought  the 
farm,  and  we  founded  the  firm  of  Luce  &  Moxley.  He  wanted  to 
put  the  farm  in  bluegrass,  and  raise  some  kind  of  stock.  We 
debated  this  question  for  some  time,  and  then  decided  on  Hereford 
cattle.  Mr.  Luce  has  spent  most  of  his  life  in  the  cigar  business, 
being  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Powell  &  Smith  Co.  until  he  sold  out 
to  the  American  Cigar  Co.  and  became  vice-president  of  it.  After 
about  two  years  he  resigned,  and  has  since  been  interested  in 
several  companies  in  New  York  City.  He  tries  to  get  to  Ken- 
tucky once  a  year  for  about  six  weeks,  as  he  loves  the  farm  and 
his  stock." 


PROSPERITY   REGAINED  943 

Armour  from  Beau  Brummel  Jr.  The  new  cham- 
pion 's  mother  was  Lady  Christine,  bred  by  S.  L. 
Brock  and  sired  by  Disturber  out  of  a  daughter  of 
Kansas  Lad  Jr.  He  therefore  represented  a  rich 
combination  of  the  best  northern  blood  and  was  indi- 
vidually of  a  low-set,  rugged  type — one  of  the  block- 
iest  bulls  seen  since  the  days  of  Prime  Lad  9th. 

At  this  same  show  Perfection  Lass  was  senior  and 
grand  champion  female.  In  James  Hendry 's  hands 
she  had  gone  on  satisfactorily  since  passing  into  Mr. 
McCray's  possession,  and  was  now  a  beautiful  speci- 
men of  latter-day  American  Hereford  breeding.*  At 

"The  three  Hendry  brothers,  of  Scotch  extraction,  have  had 
successful  careers  in  this  country.  At  one  time  they  were  all 
in  the  employ  of  Charles  Gudgell.  First  George  came  over  from 
England  about  1892  and  worked  for  Gudgell  &  Simpson  con- 
tinuously until  1909,  when  he  left  to  go  into  business  for  himself. 
Early  in  1914  he  was  engaged  by  J.  M.  Curtice  to  fit  his  herd 
for  show.  George  was  in  full  charge  of  Gudgell  &  Simpson's  show 
herd  and  the  breeding  herd  at  Independence  from  1898  to  1909, 
and  Mr.  Gudgell  states  that  he  was  instrumental  in  producing 
aril  fitting  some  of  the  best  show  animals  ever  turned  out  from 
that  establishment.  Among  other  celebrities  in  his  charge  during 
that  period  might  be  mentioned  Dandy  Rex,  Mischievous,  Mischief 
Maker,  Modesty,  Bright  Donald  and  Priscilla  5th.  Mr.  Gudgell  in 
speaking  of  George  Hendry's  record  with  the  Anxiety  cattle  re- 
marks: "He  was  and  is  not  only  a  successful  feeder,  but  also 
has  the  ability  to  prepare  animals  for  the  showring  without 
injuring  their  productiveness.  He  possesses  all  the  faithful 
qualities  of  the  best  Scotch  herdsmen,  and  at  the  same  time  is 
always  kind  and  gentle  with  his  charges,  never  impatient  but 
even-tempered,  and  he  seems  to  transmit  this  to  the  animals  them- 
selves." 

James  Hendry,  now  in  charge  of  the  Orchard  Lake  herd  of 
Mr.  McCray,  has  been  with  four  leading  establishments  and  has 
a  record  to  his  credit  of  which  he  may  well  be  proud.  He  was 
first  with  Gudgell  &  Simpson,  leaving  them  for  a  year  or  two 
to  work  for  J.  M.  Curtice.  He  then  returned  for  a  few  seasons 
to  the  Gudgell  &  Simpson  cattle.  When  he  first  went  to  this  firm 
he  was  on  the  Greenwood  Farm.  Druid  was  then  a  yearling, 
assisted  in  service  by  a  brother  to  Don  Carlos.  After  the  World's 
Fair  that  bull  and  Beau  Brummel  were  sent  to  the  Greenwood 
Farm  and  Lamplighter  was  placed  at  the  head  of  the  Independence 
herd.  Jim's  second  period  of  service  with  Gudgell  &  Simpson 
began  in  the  fall  of  1900,  when  he  went  to  their  sale  barn  at 
Independence.  Among  the  good  bulls  there  at  that  time  was 
Beaumont.  In  1901  he  went  to  take  charge  of  the  Beau  Donalds 
for  Mr.  W.  H.  Curtice.  When  Mr.  Curtice  hired  Hendry  he  told 
him  that  he  was  particularly  anxious  to  have  him  develop  some 
good  females  if  possible,  for  the  reason  that  while  the  Beau 
Donald  bulls  were  acquiring  much  reputation  there  was  complaint 
that  his  heifers  were  not  so  good.  Hendry  certainly  succeeded  in 


944  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

the  Kansas  City  Koyal  Mr.  Cook  of  Montana  had 
exhibited  a  senior  heifer  calf  named  Joy,  by  Beau 
Carlos,  that  received,  notwithstanding  her  youth,  the 
female  grand  championship  over  Perfection  Lass. 

These  shows  are  so  fresh  in  the  minds  of  con- 
temporary breeders  that  we  leave  to  some  future 
historian  the  task  of  going  into  detail  as  to  the 
truly  extraordinary  character  of  the  exhibits  of  1913 
as  a  whole,  and  of  the  champion  cattle  in  particular. 
They  will  not  soon  be  forgotten  by  those  who  were  so 
fortunate  as  to  see  them. 

Opening  Sales  of  1914. — Interest  in  the  sales  for 
the  new  year  centered  as  usual  at  the  Denver  show 
in  January.  Fifty-eight  head  were  disposed  of  at 
this  place  on  Jan.  21  at  an  average  of  $223,  prices 

demonstrating  that  the  old  bull's  daughters  could  also  give  a 
good  account  of  themselves,  for  the  Belle  Donalds  44th  and  59th 
were  winners  at  St.  Louis  as  produce,  and  others  such  as  Belles 
28th,  56th  and  60th  were  also  shown  with  success.  Speaking  of 
the  old  bull's  death  and  the  subsequent  purchase  of  Perfection 
Mr.  Hendry  says: 

"When  I  came  back  from  the  fairs  one  fall  Beau  Donald  was 
so  lame  he  could  not  get  around  and  he  never  recovered,  dying 
that  winter.  We  then  tried  to  buy  Perfection  Fairfax,  but  failed. 
After  this  we  went  to  Hoxie's  and  got  'Uncle  Tom'  Clark  to  close 
for  us  a  deal  for  the  purchase  of  Perfection.  I  believe  today  that 
the  Perfection  cross  is  one  of  the  best  in  our  modern  Herefords. 
I  left  Kentucky  in  January,  1911,  and  old  Perfection  died  in 
February.  I  then  came  to  Mr.  McCray's  where  Perfection  Fairfax 
reigned  supreme.  There  have  been  many  good  cattle  sold  from 
this  herd  in  the  four  years  that  have  since  elapsed.  I  can  but 
feel  that  I  have  had  a  little  better  chance  than  some  of  the  other 
'cattle  boys',  as  not  many  of  them  have  had  such  good  material 
to  work  with  as  the  get  of  Beau  Brummel,  Beau  Donald,  Perfec- 
tion and  Perfection  Fairfax.  I  sincerely  hope  that  imp.  Farmer's 
get  will  do  as  well  or  better,  if  that  were  possible." 

The  third  Hendry  brother  was  the  last  to  come  out  from 
Enerland,  but  he  has  been  in  the  employ  of  Mr.  Gudgell  for  the 
past  eighteen  years  and  during  the  last  eight  years  has  be-en  in 
charge  of  the  breeding  ranch  at  Edmond,  Kans.  Prior  to  that 
time  he  was  manager  of  the  Gudgell  farm  in  Anderson  Co.,  Kans., 
for  seven  years.  Mr.  Gudgell  says  he  is  a  splendid  cattleman,  but 
has  devoted  most  of  his  time  to  the  management  of  the  farming 
operations,  which  include  harvesting  1,000  acres  of  alfalfa  and 
the  production  of  over  1,000  acres  of  corn  and  small  grains,  with 
general  supervision  over  the  breeding  herd  of  Herefords.  This 
is  William  Hendry — good,  cattleman,  excellent  farmer  and  splendid 
handler  of  men. 

Good  work  this,  for  one  family! 


PROSPERITY  REGAINED  945 

being  steadily  good  rather  than  Sensational.  On 
Jan.  28  Mousel  Bros,  sold  at  Cambridge,  Neb.,  57 
head  for  an  average  of  $348,  the  top  being  $1,025 
for  the  young  bull  Mischief  40th  taken  by  John 
McConnell,  Somerset,  Neb.,  who  also  bought  the 
highest-priced  female,  the  cow  Germania  2d,  at  $710. 
Messrs.  Williams  &  Lisle  sold,  at  Atlantic,  la.,  in 
January  38  head  for  an  average  of  $167,  the  best 
price  being  $575  for  Beau  Maid  to  G.  W.  Vinton 
of  Exira,  la.  At  Grand  Island,  Neb.,  Feb.  19-20,  a 
combination  sale  resulted  in  an  average  of  $193  on 
114  cattle.  The  best  figure  reached  was  $510  paid 
by  N.  D.  Meysenburg  of  Nebraska  for  the  bull 
Freighter  14th.  On  Feb.  18  George  J.  Anstey  made 
an  average  of  $206  on  19  bulls  and  $201  on  41  fe- 
males, M.  A.  Spooner  &  Son  paying  the  top  figure, 
$495,  for  Miss  Albany  5th. 

McCray's  $604  Average. — Warren  T.  McCray 
made  a  sale  at  Kentland,  Ind.,  on  Feb.  25  at  which 
the  extraordinary  average  of  $604  was  made  on  75 
head.  Fifty  females  averaged  $577  and  25  bulls  aver- 
aged $659.  The  wide  distribution  of  the  cattle  and 
the  steady  range  of  values  at  a  high  level  served 
to  emphasize  again  the  extraordinary  success  attend- 
ing the  handling  of  this  herd.  The  champion  Cor- 
rector Fairfax  was  bought  by  J.  F.  Gulick  of  Jasper, 
Mo.,  at  $3,750.  King  Fairfax  was  taken  by  Ed. 
Kreisher,  Mount  Vernon,  la.,  at  $1,050.  Don  Fair- 
fax, just  turned  twelve  months,  fetched  $1,025  from 
L.  0.  Hill,  Orange,  Va.,  and  Dale  Fairfax  brought 
$1,000  from  A.  E.  Cook,  Odebolt,  la.  The  champion 


PROSPERITY  REGAINED  947 

show  cow  Perfection  Lass,  with  heifer  calf  at  side, 
brought  $2,450,  the  successful  bidder  being  L.  A. 
Clifford,  Oshawa,  Ontario.  The  heifer  Pearl  Donald 
went  to  A.  A.  Berry  &  Son,  Mt.  Vernon,  la.,  at 
$1,575.  W.  H.  Hunter,  Orangeville,  Ontario,  bought 
Nora  Fairfax  at  $1,425,  and  E.  H.  Taylor  of  Frank- 
fort, Ky.,  paid  $1,350  for  Ter.esa  Donald. 

Steady  Bidding  Continues.— On  March  3  and  4  at  a 
sale  from  the  Funkhouser,  Gabbert  and  other  herds 
at  Kansas  City  114  head  averaged  $210.  W.  A.  Dall- 
meyer,  Jefferson  City,  Mo.,  received  the  highest 
price,  $1,000,  from  Joseph  Schmidt,  Tipton,  Kans., 
for  the  young  bull  Beau  Dare.  On  March  6  J.  B. 
Ashby,  Audubon,  la.,  sold  at  South  Omaha,  Neb., 
59  head  at  an  average  of  $210,  the  30  bulls  averaging 
$220.  On  March  5  J.  A.  Shade  sold  71  head  at 
Kingsley,  la.,  for  an  average  of  $296,  32  bulls  aver- 
aging $300,  with  a  top  of  $1,500  paid  by  Wallis 
Huidekoper,  Willis,  Mont.,  for  the  bull  Bright  Lord 
by  Beau  Picture.  The  next  best  figure  was  $700 
paid  for  Beau  Shade  by  Henry  Strampe  of  Paullina, 
la,  0.  S.  Gibbons  &  Sons  sold  50  head  for  an  aver- 
age of  $267  at  Atlantic,  la,,  on  March  11,  the  show 
cow  Priscilla  bringing  $730  from  Mousel  Bros.  On 
March  17  W.  J.  Davis  &  Co.  sold  41  head  at  Jack- 
son, Miss.,  for  an  average  of  $394.85,  with  a  top  of 
$1,300  for  the  cow  Lady  Druid  3d,  taken  by  W.  P. 
Connell,  Baton  Rouge,  La,  The  young  bull  Vernet 
Prince  15th  was  bought  for  the  Louisiana  State 
University  at  $1,050.  At  this  sale  7  head  of  young 
bulls  sired  by  Point  Comfort  14th,  the  International 


948  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

champion  of  1913,  averaged  $521.45.  The  14  bulls 
averaged  $458.90. 

On  March  24  Ben  Broughton  sold  at  his  Sunny 
Slope  Farm  near  Lake  view,  la.,  52  head  for  an  aver- 
age of  $256.  The  show  bull  General  B,  a  son  of 
Beaumont  Jr.,  brought  the  best  price,  $950.  He  was 
taken  by  E.  Gorman  of  Dougherty,  la.  On  March 
27  the  Mossom  Boyd  Co.  sold  at  Chicago  a  lot  of 
polled  Herefords,  19  bulls  averaging  $445  and  60 
females  $234,  the  entire  lot  averaging  $280.  The 
show  bull  Bullion  4th  sold  to  the  Renner  Stock  Farm, 
Hartford  City,  Ind.,  at  $2,025.  The  bull  Gemmation 
2d  sold  to  G.  E.  Pettigrew,  Flandreau,  S.  D.,  at 
$1,350.  The  cattle  were  widely  distributed,  the  most 
extensive  buyers  being  the  Beaver  Lake  Ranch  Co. 
of  Michigan.  At  Kansas  City  on  March  31-April  1 
113  head  of  cattle  contributed  by  various  western 
breeders  averaged  $171.  J.  W.  Johnson  of  Childress, 
Tex.,  paid  the  top  price  of  $625  for  the  two-year-old 
bull  Woodrow  Wilson,  consigned  by  Messrs.  Wads- 
worth  of  Missouri.  At  South  Omaha,  Neb.,  on  April 
8  at  a  combination  sale  63  head  averaged  $200.  The 
best  price  paid  was  $550  by  J.  W.  VanNatta  for  the 
yearling  bull  Donald  Fairfax. 

The  final  chapter  in  the  history  of  the  old  Brook- 
mont  herd  was  written  at  Odebolt,  la,,  April  16-17, 
when  A.  E.  Cook  dispersed  all  that  remained  of  this 
noted  herd.  The  188  head  brought  an  average  of 
$184,  the  24  bulls  averaging  $287.  The  cattle  were 
sold  in  their  every-day  working  condition  right  from 
the  fields,  no  attempt  having  been  made  at  special 


PROSPERITY   REGAINED  949 

fitting  for  this  event.  Much  interest  was  shown  in 
the  disposition  of  the  three  stock  bulls  Generous, 
Dale  Fairfax  and  Howard  Fairfax.  Nearly  one- 
half  of  the  cattle  offered  were  the  progeny  of  Gen- 
erous, and  although  nine  years  old  he  was  contended 
for  by  several  discriminating  buyers  who  appreciated 
the  character  of  his  get.  He  finally  fell  to  the  bid- 
ding of  Cyrus  A.  Tow  at  $925.  Dale  Fairfax,  by 
Perfection  Fairfax,  went  to  A.  B.  Tyler  of  Draper, 
S.  D.,  at  $1,110.  The  top  price  of  the  sale,  $1,210, 
was  paid  by  the  Messrs.  Hancock  of  Manilla,  la.,  for 
Howard  Fairfax. 

Eeporting  from  the  W.  H.  Curtice  herd  at  Emi- 
nence, Ky.,  early  in  May  Manager  Fraser  stated  that 
among  their  recent  sales  was  that  of  Beau  Perfec- 
tion 23d  to  A.  B.  Cook  of  Montana  for  $3,000,  to- 
gether with  10  heifers  for  $2,500.  Twenty  bull  calves 
were  sold  to  Thomas  Mortimer  for  $4,500.  Beau 
Perfection  22d,  a  two-year-old  son  of  old  Perfection, 
and  5  yearling  heifers  were  bought  by  Col.  W.  H. 
Eoe  of  Shelbyville,  Ky.,  for  $1,750.*  Mr.  Fraser  re- 
ported in  all  the  sale  of  56  head  of  cattle  at  an  aver- 
age of  $306,  adding  that  $5,000  had  been  refused  for 

*William  Fraser,  the  present  manager  of  the  W.  H.  Curtice 
herd,  was  born  in  Aberdeenshire  in  1886,  and  had  his  early  train- 
ing with  cattle  among  the  "doddies"  of  his  native  land.  He  was 
also  employed  at  one  time  in  connection  with  the  management 
of  a  herd  of  blacks  in  Staffordshire,  England.  He  next  had  to 
do  with  the  handling  of  the  Shorthorns  of  Sir  R.  P.  Cooper  of 
Shenstone  Court,  Staffordshire.  While  employed  in  these  ca- 
pacities he  assisted  in  the  fitting  and  exhibition  of  bullocks  that 
were  prize-winners  at  Birmingham  and  Smithfield. 

Coming  to  America  he  was  first  engaged  with  the  Carpenter 
&  Ross  herd.  By  this  time  Mr.  Fraser  had  earned  for  himself 
a  high  place  in  the  regard  of  those  who  appreciate  good  work 
in  the  training  of  cattle  for  exhibition,  and  he  was  chosen  by 
Mr.  Curtice  to  follow  James  Hendry  in  the  handling  of  the 
famous  Beau  Donald  Herefords. 


Photo    by    Hildebrand 

CHAMPION    HEIFER    SCOTTISH    LASSIE    305352.    BRED    BY    DR.    JAMES    E. 

LOGAN,    AND    BULL    CORRFCTOR    FAIRFAX    332G53,    BRED    BY 

W.   T.    McCRAY. 


PhuLu    U.v     HiHIeUranu 

PERFECTION    LASS    342053,    GRAND   CHAMPION    FEMALE    AT   THE    1913 
INTERNATIONAL. 


PROSPERITY   REGAINED  951 

the  show  bull  Beau  Perfection  24th,  and  an  offer  of 
$1,000  declined  for  his  yearling  sister.  A  little  later 
a  sensational  deal  with  Col.  Taylor  was  reported. 

At  their  public  sale  on  Oct.  20,  1914,  Harris  & 
Sons  realized  an  average  of  approximately  $496  on 
55  head.  The  29  females  disposed  of  on  that  occasion 
averaged  $493,  and  the  26  bulls  averaged  $498.  The 
highest  price  was  $1,800,  paid  for  the  bull  calf  Re- 
peater 38th,  Fred  Fleming,  Dallas,  Tex.,  being 
the  purchaser.  At  $1,525  E.  H.  Taylor/ Jr.,  Frank- 
fort, Ky.,  secured  the  six-year-old  cow  Harris'  Prin- 
cess 81st  by  Beau  Donald  5th.  Gay  Lad  25th,  a 
yearling  bull,  made  $1,500,  William  Henn,  Denver, 
Colo.,  being  the  buyer.  Repeater  19th,  two  years  old, 
and  Disturber's  Lassie  5th,  three  years  old,  each  sold 
for  $1,250,  the  former  going  to  S.  B.  Burnett,  Fort 
Worth,  Tex.,  and  the  latter  to  E.  H.  Taylor,  Jr.  Mr. 
Taylor  also  bought  the  seven-year-old  cow  Adeline 
by  Prime  Lad  at  $1,050,  and  the  four-year-old  cow 
Disturber's  Lassie  4th  at  $1,000.  Sixteen  of  the  55 
head  sold  for  $500  or  more  each.* 

*Disturber  was  bought  by  Mr.  Letham  when  a  calf,  and  he 
won  his  way  through  the  senior  bull  ring  at  Chicago  at  a  we'ght 
of  1,245  pounds  a  few  days  before  he  was  thirteen  months  old. 
As  a  yearling  he  was  used  heavily  and  showed  in  only  half-fitted 
condition,  winning  third  money.  As  a  two-year-old  his  get  were 
showing  so  well  that  again  he  was  not  fitted  specially,  retaining 
third  place  at  Chicago.  Both  of  these  years  he  was  the  property 
of  Mr.  Brock.  It  was  when  Disturber  was  two  years  old  that 
Letham  showed  him  with  his  first  calf.  This  was  Distributor,  the 
sire  of  Repeater,  which  defeated  the  St.  Louis  World's  Fair  cham- 
pion Mapleton  and  the  eastern  champion  Perfection  Fairfax. 
Then  came  Distinction,  own  brother  to  Distributor.  Disturber's 
heifers  found  favor  perhaps  more  generally  than  his  bulls  during 
the  first  five  years  of  his  life,  but  after  that  there  was  probably 
about  an  even  division  of  sentiment  as  to  their  relative  excel- 
lence. During  the  year  1910  his  get  won  more  blue  ribbons  than 
any  bull  of  any  breed  in  the  Chicago  show,  and  that  too  on  an 
exhibit  of  but  thirteen  head  from  the  Brock  herd. 

When  George  P.  Henry  sold  out  his  herd  he  had  Kansas  Lad 
Jr.,  Prime  Lad  and  Disturber.  The  latter  Letham  took  with  him 


952  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Beau  Perfection  24th  Brings  $12,000.— In  the 
month  of  May,  1914,  Mr.  W.  H.  Curtice  sold  20  head 
at  private  treaty  to  Col.  E.  H.  Taylor,  Frankfort, 
Ky.,  at  the  round  price  of  $20,000.  The  deal  in- 
cluded the  sensational  two-year-old  bull  Beau  Per- 
fection 24th,  at  $12,000,  the  highest  figure  as  yet 
reached  for  a  Hereford  on  either  side  of  the  Atlantic. 
The  19  females  were  taken  at  $400  per  head.  In 
the  course  of  a  letter  announcing  this  remarkable 
transaction  Mr.  Curtice  says:  "This  sale  makes  a 
total  of  79  head  of  cattle  disposed  of  since  the 
Kansas  City  Show  last  year  for  a  total  of  $41,135 
cash  without  discount,  freights  or  any  extra  sale 
expense  whatsoever. ' '  Commenting  further  Mr. 
Curtice  says:  "I  do  not  want  the  impression  to  go 
out  that  I  am  out  of  the  Hereford  breeding  business 
as  I  still  have  100  head  of  cattle,  and  expect  to 

to  Missouri  when  he  went  to  Mr.  Brock.  Speaking  of  the  record 
made  by  the  get  of  this  bull,  Mr.  Letham  says: 

"He  was  the  most  consistent  sire  I  ever  handled.  His  get 
were  not  all  show  cattle,  but  everyone  was  a  Disturber — perfectly 
marked,  with  good  rich  mossy  coats  and  thick-fleshed  always.  In 
May,  1911,  we  sold  Mr.  Tow  the  entire  Lake  Geneva  herd,  includ- 
ing Disturber,  Distributor  and  Standard.  The  old  bull  was  then 
in  his  tenth  year,  but  even  so  he  carried  more  top  meat  than 
most  show  bulls  and  I  still  valued  him  at  $3,500,  a  price  which.  I 
had  refused  for  him  when  he  was  three  years  old,  at  which  time 
I  had  dared  to  ask  $5,000.  He  made  his  best  success  on  Kansas 
Lad  Jr.  and  Prime  Lad  cows,  of  which  we  had  only  six.  Without 
boasting,  I  believe  that  the  young  Disturber  herd  which  Mr.  Tow 
is  showing  this  fall,  thus  far  undefeated,  and  containing  among 
the  last  of  the  old  bull's  get  the  junior  champion  bull  Disturber 
Jr.  and  Disturber  Lassie  12th,  the  junior  champion  female,  and 
three  others  that  are  very  uniform,  is  in  my  opinion  the  best  I 
have  ever  seen.  This  I  mean  as  an  absolutely  cold-blooded 
verdict.  Disturber  was  grandsire  to  all  the  Repeaters  as  well  as 
to  Point  Comfort  14th,  the  phenomenal  Davis  bull,  Letham  Fair- 
fax in  Mr.  McCray's  herd,  and  a  lot  of  others  on  the  road. 

"Certainly  the  old  bull's  get  are  making  much  Hereford  his- 
tory, and  I  hope  the  old  fellow  is  knee-deep  in  bluegrass  and 
clover,  if  there  are  green  pastures  on  the  other  shore,  after 
twelve  years  of  the  best  we  could  give  him  here.  As  a  two-year- 
old  at  Chicago  he  weighed  in  at  2,140  pounds,  and  for  seven 
straight  years  in  breeding  shape  he  stood  between  2,250  and  2,300 
pounds  on  grass  alone." 


Cyrus ^4.  Tow 


W.  cf.  Davit? 


954  A   HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

breed  Herefords  as  long  as  I  live,  both  in  Kentucky 
and  in  Alberta,  Canada." 

Lord  Wilton  was  knocked  down  at  the  Stockton- 
bury  sale  for  3,800  guineas,  or  $19,000,  but  Mr. 
Vaughan,  who  was  supposed  to  be  bidding  for 
America,  failed  to  make  good  his  offer  and  at  a  sub- 
sequent sale  the  famous  bull  went  for  $5,000.  It 
should  be  stated,  however,  that  Sir  James  Kankin's 
bid  of  3,700  guineas  at  Stocktonbury  was  bona  fide, 
although  unfortunately,  as  it  turned  out,  it  was  not 
accepted  by  the  auctioneer. 

The  Show  Herds  of  1914.— The  show  season  of 
1914  opened  impressively  at  the  Forest  City  Fair, 
Cleveland,  0.,  the  last  of  August.  The  Kentucky 
herds  were  in  prime  form,  and  the  old-time  cam- 
paigners— Giltner  Bros.,  W.  H.  Curtice  and  Luce  & 
Moxley — were  here  joined  by  E.  H.  Taylor,  Jr.,  who 
won  grand  championship  on  the  $12,000  bull  Beau 
Perfection  24th.  From  Indiana  came  the  admirable 
herd  of  J.  H.  &  J.  W.  VanNatta,  and  these  fitted 
herds  sounded  a  significant  prophecy  of  the  bril- 
liancy of  the  fall  campaign.  The  winners  were 
almost  without  exception  of  the  blood  which  has 
hitherto  produced  the  prize-winners  in  these  herds. 
Ohio  and  New  York  divided  the  Luce  &  Moxley  and 
the  Taylor  herds  the  ensuing  week,  the  Curtice  con- 
tingent journeying  inta,ct  to  New  York  State  Fair. 
Returning  from  the  east  the  herd  of  Luce  &  Moxley 
encountered  only  local  opposition  at  the  Michigan 
State  Fair  while  the  cattle  of  Messrs  Giltner,  Tay- 
lor and  VanNatta  joined  issue  at  the  Indiana  State 


PROSPERITY   REGAINED  955 

Fair  with  the  herd  of  W.  T.  McCray,  which  had 
opened  its  campaign  at  Iowa,  The  Kentucky 
breeders  concentrated  their  divided  forces  at  their 
home  fair  at  Louisville,  and  had  the  aid  of  the  Mc- 
Cray cattle  in  presenting  anew  the  merits  of  the 
breed  in  the  Blue  Grass  State. 

Meanwhile  other  spectacular  exhibitions  of  the 
breed  had  been  claiming  public  attention  in  the  cen- 
tral west.  Iowa  summoned  to  its  state  fair  no  less 
than  15  herds  of  "  white  faces",  from  Iowa,  Missouri, 
Indiana,  Wisconsin  and  far-south  Mississippi.  Con- 
spicuous on  the  prizelist  were  the  cattle  from  the 
herds  of  0.  Harris  &  Sons,  W.  T.  McCray,  Cyrus  A. 
Tow,  J.  M.  Curtice  and  W.  J.  Davis  of  Mississippi. 
It  was  clearly  one  of  the  bravest  shows  of  the  breed, 
emphasized  by  its  setting  at  a  fair  where  the 
Hereford  has  more  than  once  overshadowed  the 
other  breeds  in  the  uniformity  of  its  excellence. 
Here  again  the  names  of  the  leading  winners  bring 
to  mind  bloodlines  which  have  been  most  potent  for 
years  in  the  production  of  the  ribbon-winning  cattle 
at  the  western  fairs.  After  Des  Moines  exhibits 
usually  divide  between  the  Minnesota  and  the  Ne- 
braska state  fairs.  J.  M.  Curtice,  Cyrus  A.  Tow  and 
A.  A.  Berry  &  Son  journeyed  north  to  Hamline, 
where  they  encountered  three  local  herds  not  well 
equipped  to  meet  such  competition.  Five  herds  left 
Des  Moines  for  Lincoln,  among  them  0.  Harris  & 
Sons,  W.  J.  Davis  &  Son,  and  William  Andrews  & 
Sons,  and  met  two  Nebraska  herds  and  one  from 
Kansas.  This  fair  provides  grand  championship 


956  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

competitions  for  all  beef  breeds,  and  the  Harris 
champion  Repeater  7th  gained  this  honor  for  the 
breed.*  The  Harris  heifer  Miss  Eepeater  llth  was 
second  best  female  in  this  competition,  while  the 
calf  herd  from  Mississippi  won  second  in  competi- 
tion for  such  groups.  The  participation  in  the  west- 
ern campaign  of  the  Davis  cattle  from  Mississippi 
was  among  the  notable  features  of  the  season,  not 
only  an  evidence  of  the  security  of  the  foothold 
which  the  breed  has  obtained  in  the  south,  but  an 
illustration  of  enterprise  rarely  equaled  in  our  show- 
yard  annals. 

Pushing  resolutely  the  widely-planned  campaign, 
the  Harris  and  Curtice  herds  from  Missouri,  the 
Berry,  Andrews  and  Tow  herds  from  Iowa  and  the 
Green  herd  from  Nebraska  joined  with  five  South 
Dakota  herds  in  a  sensational  exhibit  at  Huron,  the 
capital  city.  The  Davis  herd  meanwhile  had  moved 
its  colors  to  Topeka,  along  with  the  cattle  of  Biehl 
&  Sidwell  of  Missouri  and  Thompson  Bros,  and  0.  E. 
Green  of  Nebraska,  thus  affording  full  classes  at 
the  Kansas  fair.  The  exhibit  carried  to  the  western 
fairs  brimmed  with  white-faced  ripeness  and  quality. 

"The  Messrs.  Harris  are  certainly  doing  their  full  share 
towards  sustaining  the  cause  of  the  Hereford  in  the  United  States 
at  the  present  time.  No  other  evidence  is  required  to  demonstrate 
the  great  enterprise  they  are  displaying,  and  the  liberal  expenditure 
they  are  making  in  connection  with  the  up-keep  of  their  estab- 
lishment, than  the  fact  that  there  is  at  the  present  writing  in 
service  upon  their  Model  Farms  Repeater  289598  (an  admirable 
photograph  of  which  appears  elsewhere  in  this  volume),  Gay  Lad  6th, 
old  Beau  Donald  5th,  Prince  Perfection  and  Repeater  7th.  Beau  Donald 
5th  is  still  in  service  in  his  sixteenth,  year,  and  has  sired  cattle  that 
have  been  sold  by  the  Messrs.  Harris  for  more  than  $100,000. 


PROSPERITY  REGAINED  957 

The  herd  of  W.  T.  McCray  coming  up  from 
Louisville,  Ky.,  met  the  VanNatta  cattle  from  its 
home  state  at  Springfield,  with  J.  E.  Thompson,  an 
Illinois  breeder,  supplying  a  few  winners.  Of  all 
the  state  fairs  this  season  the  breed  was  least  numer- 
ously represented  at  Illinois.  On  the  succeeding 
week  the  Harris  cattle  from  South  Dakota,  the  Mc- 
Cray cattle  from  Indiana  and  the  Curtice  cattle  from 
Missouri  met  at  the  Missouri  State  Fair,  while  the 
young  cattle  from  the  Kansas  herd  of  R.  H.  Hazlett 
were  winning  most  of  the  prizes  at  the  Oklahoma 
State  Fair  in  competition  with  the  entries  of  Klaus 
Bros.,  from  the  same  state,  and  several  local  ex- 
hibitors.* 

*Mr.  Hazlett  has  not  been  in  the  limelight  as  much  as  some 
of  his  contemporaries,  but  he  has  been  honored  with  the  presi- 
dency of  the  Hereford  association,  is  one  of  the  active  managers 
of  the  Kansas  City  Royal  Show,  and  is  generally  recognized  as 
one  of  the  ablest  men  now  identified  with  the  development  of 
Hereford  interests  in  the  middle  west.  A  statement,  therefore, 
covering  some  of  his  personal  experiences  will  undoubtedly  be  of 
much  interest,  and  at  our  request  he  has  prepared  the  following, 
which  we  have  pleasure  in  inserting  at  this  point: 

"Really,  my  experience  as  a  breeder  has  been  so  generally 
uneventful  that  I  hardly  know  how  to  give  you  any  very  good 
idea  of  what  I  have  done.  I  have  never  attempted  much  in  the 
way  of  showing  cattle.  I  first  knew  about  Herefords  when  T.  L. 
Miller  and  others  of  the  early  Hereford  breeders  were  striving  to 
obtain  recognition  by  the  management  of  the  Illinois  State  Fair, 
Springfield,  111.,  being  my  home  at  that  time.  My  interest  at  that 
time,  however,  went  no  farther  than  just  to  feel  that  those  men 
were  hardly  securing  fair  treatment  and  to  be  pleased  when  they 
obtained  some  recognition  through  the  demonstrations  at  the  fat 
stock  show.  In  1885  I  moved  away  from  Illinois  to  El  Dorado, 
Kans.,  and  had  little  experience  and  knew  little  of  what  was  going 
on  in  connection  with  fairs  for  some  years. 

"I  bought  my  first  Herefords,  an  entire  small  herd,  near  this 
citv  in  1898.  This  herd  had  been  kept  on  the  farm  where  they 
were  when  I  bought  them  for  a  good  many  years  and  I  had  fre- 
quently visited  the  place  and  admired  the  cattle.  There  were  six- 
teen in  the  little  herd  when  I  bought  it — two  young  bulls  some 
eight  to  nine  months  old,  and  fourteen  females,  less  than  half  of 
them  being  of  breeding  age,  the  others  being  yearlings  and  com- 
ing yearlings.  Wild  Beau,  a  full  brother  to  Wild  Tom,  that  first 
made  Sunny  Slope  famous  as  a  Hereford  breeding  establishment, 
was  the  sire  of  the  young  animals  in  this  little  herd.  Wild  Beau 
was  by  Beau  Real  and  he  by  Anxiety  4th.  One  of  these  young 
bulls  I  kept  and  used  in  my  herd  for  several  years  to  some  ex- 
tent, on  all  the  older  cows  except  his  dam.  As  I  did  not  want  to 
breed  half  sisters  to  this  bull  I  secured  a  bull  with  a  large  per- 


958  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

This  bare  summary  of  the  battlelines  of  the  1914 
show  herds  would  be  incomplete  without  the  state- 
ment that  from  coast  to  coast  and  far  into  the  south 
the  banner  of  the  breed  was  proudly  carried.  The 
Vermont  and  Virginia  fairs  staged  exhibits  that 
occasioned  favorable  comment  and  at  some  of  the 
southern  shows,  notably  at  the  Tri-State  Fair  at 
Memphis,  the  breed  was  surprisingly  prominent. 

centage  of  Anxiety  4th  blood.  The  dam  of  this  young  bull,  which 
had  been  named  by  the  man  from  whom  I  bought  him  Major 
Beau  Real,  was  by  Stonemason  by  Beau  Real,  so  that  the  first 
calf  I  used  was  a  line-bred  Anxiety  4th  bull.  This  second  bull 
was  Bernadotte  2d,  and  he  proved  to  be  quite  a  good  sire.  I  used 
these  two  bulls  for  several  years,  in  the  meantime  having  bought 
now  and  again  a  few  females  without  much  thought  as  to  their 
breeding. 

"Up  to  this  time  what  J  had  done  was  without  any  real  rea- 
son. It  just  happened  that  I  had  Anxiety  4th  lines,  as  I  really 
knew  nothing  of  the  science  of  breeding  or  for  that  matter  of 
the  prominent  families  among  Herefords.  Having  daughters  of 
these  two  bulls  in  my  herd  by  this  time  and  having  the  idea  that 
is  very  prevalent — whether  correct  or  not — that  I  ought  to  go 
outside  for  some  fresh  blood  or  a  different  line  of  breeding,  I 
bought  a  Columbus  bull,  Dale  Duplicate  2d.  He  was,  I  think,  a 
little  more  than  a  half-brother  to  the  champion  show  bull 
Dale,  with  whose  history  you  are  entirely  familiar.  I  disposed  of 
both  the  old  bulls.  .1  also  bought  another  from  a  popular  family 
at  that  time,  by  Improver  out  of  a  Corrector  dam.  Another  one 
I  tried  was  as  close  to  The  Grove  3d  as  I  could  l»nd,  having  learned 
that  The  Grove  3d  was  considered  by  many  a  great  sire.  I  used 
these  bulls  until  their  get  were  in  the  neighborhood  of  two  years 
old  and  decided  that  I  did  not  like  the  results  I  was  getting. 
Whether  this  was  the  fault  of  the  out-crossing  or  simply  that  it 
was  not  the  proper  nick  with  my  cows,  I  am  not  prepared  to  say. 
I  only  cite  the  fact  here  that  I  did  not  get  the  results  I  hoped  for 
and  soon  disposed  of  all  three  of  these  animals. 

"In  the  meantime  I  had  been  trying  to  inform  myself  to  as 
great  an  extent  as  possible  in  regard  to  the  Herefords  that  seemed 
to  give  the  best  results  from  a  breeder's  point  of  view.  This,  to- 
gether with  the  experience  I  had  had,  led  me  to  return  to  the 
Anxiety  4th  line  of  breeding  through  Beau  Brummel  bulls  and 
cows.  The  next  bull  which  I  used  was  Beau  Beauty,  sired  by 
Beau  Brummel  out  of  an  Anxiety  4th-North  Pole  dam.  I  bought 
an  entire  herd  of  between  fifty  and  sixty  head  in  order  to  secure 
another  son  of  Beau  Brummel — Beau  Brummel  10th,  whose  dam 
was  much  stronger  in  the  blood  of  Anxiety  4th  than  the  dam  of 
Beau  Beauty.  Up  to  this  time  those  two  have  been  my  chief 
stock  bulls.  Beau  Brummel  10th  is  dead  and  I  am  using  one  of 
his  sons,  Beau  Sturgis  2d,  with  good  results.  While  Beau  Beauty 
is  living,  I  am  using  one  of  his  sons  also,  Zelpho,  on  the  daugh- 
ters of  Beau  Brummel  10th,  with  very  satisfactory  results  so  far. 

"I  omitted  one  fact  in  connection  with  my  herd  bulls  and  that 
is  this:  I  used  a  son  of  Bernadotte  2d  of  my  own  breeding  for 
several  years  and  still  have  a  number  of  his  daughters  in  my 
herd.  This  bull  was  Protocol  2d.  He  was  a  very  large  and  very 
smooth  bull,  weighing  at  twenty-four  months  of  age  2,000  pounds, 
and  as  a  three-year-old  2,600  pounds.  Protocol  2d  is  the  only  one 


ROBT.    H.    HAZLBTT. 


960  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

In  summary  the  Hereford  show  herds  of  1914 
have  acquitted  themselves  brilliantly.  More  convin- 
cing testimony  to  the  successful  attainment  of ' l  white 
face"  ideals  in  America's  eminent  nurseries  of  this 
breed  could  not  be  required.  A  season's  exhibit 

of  these  bulls  that  was  ever  shown  at  anything  except  a  county 
fair  and  he  but  once  at  the  American  Royal,  and  as  neither  my- 
self nor  my  herdsman  had  any  sort  of  notion  of  fitting  cattle  for 
the  showring  our  success  was  limited  to  getting  inside  the  money. 

"For  the  first  few  years  after  I  began  with  the  Herefords  I  did 
not  cull  my  females  at  all,  \>ut  kept  them  all  for  use  in  the  herd, 
and  I  kept  all  the  males  intact  to  be  sold  as  bulls.  Of  course,  at 
this  time  I  sold  only  to  farmers  and  breeders  of  grade  cattle  and 
the  importance  of  selection  had  not  occurred  to  me  so  much  up 
to  this  time.  It  was  not  many  years,  however,  until  I  became 
very  much  interested  in  the  matter  of  breeding  and  determined 
to  give  it  as  much  thought  and  attention  as  was  in  my  power. 
I  decided  to  eliminate  from  my  herd,  through  the  stockyards,  the 
unworthy  males  as  steers,  and  the  sub-standard  females.  I  have 
never  made  much  effort  to  sell  females,  as  I  have  felt  that  in 
order  to  have  a  good  herd  I  must  keep  the  best  for  breeding 
purposes. 

"I  have  made  comparatively  little  reputation  through  the 
showring,  though  I  have  shown  with  credit  the  last  two  or  three 
years  at  our  principal  state  fairs  in  the  west  and  at  the  Ameri- 
can Royal.  I  bred  and  showed  the  heifer  Banza,  sired  by  Beau 
Beauty.  She  was  the  on^v  one  that  ever  beat  the  renowned  Scot- 
tish Lassie  until  the  present  year.  Banza,  with  her  second  calf 
at  foot,  was  shown  at  the  American  Royal  this  year,  winning  first 
place  in  the  new  classification — "cows  in  milk  or  with  calf  at 
foot."  I  have  shown  quite  a  number  of  the  get  of  Beau  Beauty 
and  Beau  Brummel  10th  at  the  western  state  fairs  and  have  a 
good  many  firsts  and  championships  to  my  credit  in  those  shows. 

"Speaking  of  this  reminds  me  that  I  have  omitted  to  mention 
another  son  of  the  old  Beau  Brummel  which  I  bought  about  the 
time  I  was  getting  rid  of  those  three  above  mentioned.  This  was 
Printer,  of  about  the  same  breeding  as  Beau  Beauty,  largely 
Anxiety  4th  and  North  Pole.  I  also  have  one  of  his  sons  in  my 
herd  and  from  his  use  have  had  more  successful  show  cattle  than 
from  other  bulls  on  the  farm.  His  name  is  Caldo  2d.  His  dam 
was  by  Lucifer,  a  Beau  Brummel-Anxiety  4th  bull,  bred  by  Stew- 
ard &  Hutcheon." 

The  Hazlett  herd  is  in  charge  of  William  Condell,  whose  por- 
trait appears  elsewhere  in  connection  with  those  of  other  promi- 
nent herd  managers.  Mr.  Condell  was  born  in  1882  at  Lake  Bluff, 
111.,  of  Irish  and  Scotch  descent.  He  was  raised  at  Chicago  Heights, 
111.,  both  places  being  near  the  city  of  Chicago.  When  he  was 
ten  years  of  age  his  father  bought  a  herd  of  Herefords,  and  since 
that  time  William  has  always  been  happiest  when  busy  wtih  the 
"white  faces."  On  reaching  his  majority  he  determined  to  iden- 
tify himself  with  some  good  herd  and  endeavor  to  render  efficient 
service.  On  removing  to  Kansas  in  1901  a  connection  with  Mr. 
Hazlett  was  formed  which  has  continued  to  the  present  time.  All 
who  are  familiar  with  the  management  of  the  herd,  with  such 
cattle  as  have  been  exhibited  from  it,  and  all  who  have  an  ac- 
quaintance with  Mr.  Condell  will  find  in  the  following  sentence 
just  about  what  they  would  expect  from  him,  in  answer  to  a 
query  as  to  his  methods:  "Whatever  success  I  have  attained  has 
been  through  trying  to  please  my  employer,  and  putting  self  into 
the  work." 


Photo    by    Hildebrand 
FARMER    42G279,    IMPORTED    1913    BY    GEO.    LEIGH    AND    OWNED    BY 
W.    T.    McCRAY. 


IMP.    BRITISHER    14H096,    AS    DRAWN    BY    THROOP —IMPORTED    BY    GEO. 
LEIGH,   AND   USED  BY   GILTNER   BROS. 


962  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

which  sustains  triumphantly  the  glorious  traditions 
of  the  breed  in  its  presentation  of  thickly-fleshed  and 
perfectly  fitted  show  ring;  cattle  has  again  been 
placed  to  the  credit  of  the  master-builders  of  the 
breed  in  America. 


CHAPTER  XXIII. 
IN  FOREIGN  FIELDS. 

The  question  of  the  future  meat  supply  of  the 
world  is  one  that  is  now  receiving  serious  consider- 
ation. Whereas  the  United  States  but  recently  ex- 
ported large  numbers  of  live  bullocks  for  slaughter 
at  British  ports,  as  well  as  great  quantities  of 
dressed  beef,  the  passing  of  the  open  range  in  west- 
ern America  and  the  curtailment  of  beef  cattle  pro- 
duction and  feeding  by  cornbelt  farmers,  due  to  the 
steadily  advancing  price  of  lards  and  grain,  has  with- 
in a  remarkably  short  space  of  time  converted  us 
from  an  exporting  to  an  importing  nation.  Beef  and 
cattle  shipments  oversea  are,  for  the  present  at 
least,  at  an  end.*  Our  own  ports  have  been 
opened  to  the  free  introduction  of  meats  from  other 
countries,  and  the  first  year's  operation  under  this 
new  dispensation  has  seen  liberal  shipments  of 
frozen  meats  from  Argentina  to  our  Atlantic  sea- 
board markets  and  the  arrival  of  numerous  cargoes 
from  Australasia  on  our  western  coast. 

Leading  American  packers  are  now  operating  their 

"Owing  to  the  abnormal  situation  developed  by  the  great. 
European  war,  in  progress  as  this  volume  is  written,  our  packers 
are  selling  big  lots  of  canned,  corned  and  pickled  meats  to  the 
French  and  British  governments  for  the  maintenance  of  their 
embattled  forces.  But  with  the  return  of  peace  and  the  resump- 
tion of  normal  commercial  relations  this  buying,  on  an  extensive 
scale,  will  probably  not  continue. 


964  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

own  plants  at  Buenos  Aires,  and  are  also  entering 
the  Australasian  field.  They  have  been  forced  to  do 
this  or  lose  their  Smithfield  and  other  foreign  busi- 
ness, built  up  in  the  past  from  American  supplies. 
Not  only  have  the  packers  entered  these  sub-equa- 
torial markets,  but  large  companies  have  been 
formed  in  recent  years  to  engage  heavily  in  cattle 
ranching  in  regions  heretofore  not  stocked.  Notable 
cases  in  point  are  the  Brazilian  Land,  Cattle  & 
Packing  Co.,  of  which  Mr.  Murdo  Mackenzie,  former 
manager  of  the  Matador  business,  is  the  present 
executive  head,  and  the  British  South  African  Char- 
tered Co.,  which  has  engaged  as  manager  Mr. 
Richard  Walsh,  long  with  the  Adair  ranch  at  Palo- 
duro,  Texas. 

Exports  to  South  America. — It  was  in  January, 
1911,  that  Mr.  Mackenzie  left  the  service  of  the 
Matador  company  and  went  to  take  charge  of  this 
great  new  venture  in  South  America.  Prior  to  his 
engagement  the  board  of  directors  had  purchased 
about  920  head  of  Herefords  and  20  Shorthorns  in 
the  United  States.  All  of  these  cattle  except  those 
coming  from  above  the  quarantine  line  were  pur- 
chased from  an  infected  district  and  were  immune, 
and  the  cattle  purchased  from  above  the  quarantine 
line  were  sent  to  the  Texas  Experiment  Station, 
where  they  were  held  for  six  months  and  immunized. 
The  cattle  arrived  in  Brazil  about  the  end  of  July 
and  were  placed  in  pastures  in  Parana.  They  stood 
the  trip  very  well,  only  five  head  dying  between 


IN  FOREIGN  FIELDS  965 

Galveston  and  the  Brazilian  ranch.  On  account  of 
their  being  immune  before  shipment  it  was  expected 
that  little  trouble  would  be  experienced  from  tick 
fever,  but  in  this  the  buyers  were  disappointed.  So 
far  as  could  be  observed  there  was  no  difference  be- 
tween the  cattle  from  above  or  below  the  quaran- 
tine line  in  the  matter  of  susceptibility  to  the  kind 
of  tick  fever  prevalent  in  that  country.  It  was 
found,  however,  that  the  Hereford  cattle  withstood 
the  difficulties  encountered  and  adapted  themselves 
to  all  the  conditions  of  that  country  much  better 
than  the  Shorthorns.  Such  is  Manager  Mackenzie's 
testimony,  and  he  adds: 

"I  consider  that  there  is  a  great  future  for  the 
cattle  business  in  Brazil;  all  it  requires  is  persever- 
ance and  push  and  the  importation  of  the  best  breeds 
of  cattle  to  make  this  country  second  to  none  in  the 
cattle  business.  The  climate  is  all  that  could  be 
desired.  Water  is  plentiful  and  well  distributed 
over  the  range  country,  the  annual  rainfall  being 
about  42  inches.  There  is  practically  no  cold  weather 
and  grass  will  grow  almost  the  year  round.  There 
is  a  great  abundance  of  grass,  but  it  is  not  so  nutri- 
tious in  some  parts  as  it  is  in  others,  and  in  some 
parts  not  so  nutritious  as  the  grass  you  find  in  the 
range  country  of  the  United  States." 

Five  Hundred  Herefords  to  Brazil.— Through  its 
representative,  Alex.  Mackenzie,  son  of  Murdo 
Mackenzie,  the  Brazilian  company  purchased  in 
Texas  during  the  summer  of  1914  500  head  of  Here- 
fords,  which  were  shipped  for  breeding  purposes  to 
the  company's  extensive  ranches.  This  was  a  record 
shipment  of  American  pedigree  Herefords  to  a  for- 


966  A  HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

eign  country.  It  consisted  chiefly  of  bulls  about 
eighteen  months  old.  It  is  understood  that  the  total 
price  paid  was  $65,000,  or  about  $125  per  head.  The 
cattle  were  selected  from  herds  below  the  quaran- 
tine line  owned  by  J.  W.  &  D.  L.  Knox  of  Jacksboro, 
E.  H.  McNatt  of  Fort  Worth,  M.  W.  Hovenkamp  of 
Keller,  W.  N.  Burns  of  Blanket,  F.  C.  Vaden  of 
Sherman,  J.  H.  McCaskey  of  Decatur,  J.  P.  Morris 
of  Coleman,  C.  Sloan  of  Fort  Worth,  F.  L.  Smith 
of  Graford,  E.  J.  Johnson  of  Newcastle,  J.  T.  Day 
of  Ehome,  J.  0.  Ehome  of  Kopperl,  Ed  Hayden  of 
Moran  and  S.  D.  Penny  of  Watauga. 

Although  every  animal  was  immune  to  Texas  fever 
they  were  subsequently  required  to  undergo  immuni- 
zation against  another  species  of  tick  fever  in  Brazil, 
with  the  prospect  of  a  considerable  mortality. 

The  property  of  this  company,  consisting  of  some 
10,000,000  acres  of  land,  lies  in  the  southern  part  of 
Brazil,  the  head  offices  being  at  Sao  Paulo,  which 
lies  at  an  altitude  of  some  2,500  feet  above  sea  level 
and  is  60  miles  inland.  At  last  accounts  it  was  esti- 
mated that  the  syndicate  had  acquired  over  200,000 
head  of  cattle,  which  number  was  likely  to  be  in- 
creased to  half  a  million.  The  entire  country,  how- 
ever, is  infested  with  ticks,  and  this  complicates 
somewhat  the  problem  of  improving  the  native  cattle 
with  imported  bulls.  The  Brazilian  cow  is  a  good- 
sized  animal,  much  larger  than  the  old-time  Texan, 
and  the  entire  country  is  covered  with  a  wonderful 
growth  of  grass  which  is  kept  down  by  burning,  the 


IN  FOREIGN  FIELDS  967 

cattle  following  the  prairie  fires  wherever  they 
occur.  When  a  strip  of  country  is  burned  off  the 
animals,  attracted  by  the  smoke,  set  out  for  it,  and  a 
few  days  after  the  fire  has  passed  the  entire  country 
is  green. 

The  fact  that  the  Hereford  has  been  chosen  as  the 
most  likely  type  to  successfully  cope  with  the  condi- 
tions there  prevailing,  is  simply  another  tribute  to 
its  capacity  to  endure  the  hardship  to  which  range 
cattle  are  usually  subjected  in  all  countries. 

It  may  seem  somewhat  fanciful  to  speak  of  men- 
tality as  being  a  determining  factor  in  the  adapta- 
bility of  a  breed  of  cattle.  However,  there  is  no  doubt 
that  the  peculiar  mental  qualities  of  the  Herefords 
have  contributed  markedly  to  their  success  upon 
open  ranges  in  general.  In  the  mountainous  regions 
of  the  western  United  States  where  mixed  herds  of 
other  breeds  were  already  in  possession,  when  Here- 
fords  were  introduced  they  very  soon  made  them- 
selves known  by  climbing  to  the  highest  slopes  that 
carry  grass.  Ever  afterwards,  as  long  as  the  mixed 
herds  persist,  it  may  usually  be  noted  that  the  cattle 
highest  up  on  the  grass-covered  mountain-sides  have 
white  faces. 

There  is  a  sort  of  courage  and  resolution  about  the 
Hereford  that  makes  him  combat  stormy  weather 
away  from,  the  shelter  of  bank  or  tree  or  cliff  and 
hunt  for  grass  when  cattle  of  more  tender  nature, 
developed  tinder  man's  continuous  and  solicitous 
care,  even  though  they  may  never  have  been  fed,  will 
be  found  waiting  in  the  bottom  of  the  canyon  or  in 


968  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

the  shelter  of  a  tree  hoping  that  someone  will  come 
along  that  way.  This  fact  as  much  as  anything  else 
has  served  to  earn  for  the  Herefords  the  admiration, 
and  even  affection,  of  their  cow-boy  caretakers. 

Uruguay. — Here  is  another  place  where  Here- 
fords  find  high  appreciation.  Uruguay  is  a  fine  little 
country,  in  marked  contrast  to  the  flat  and  feature- 
less Argentine  plains  being  made  up  largely  of  roll- 
ing lands,  in  some  parts  almost  hilly,  though  nowhere 
rising  into  real  mountains.  Rocks  are  often  seen 
cropping  out  of  the  pastures  or  rising  in  good-sized 
cliff-like  walls  along  the  crests  of  the  hills.  Uru- 
guay is  a  land  of  springs  and  many  fine  small 
streams,  with  also  a  few  sizable  rivers.  We  have 
nothing  just  like  it  in  North  America,  although  the 
high  country  in  Texas  somewhat  resembles  it.  How- 
ever Uruguay  has  a  milder  climate  than  Texas,  with 
cooler  summers  and  warmer  winters.  Uruguayan 
soils  are  good,  but  not  so  fat  as  those  of  the  great 
plains  of  Buenos  Aires.  They  support  perennial 
grasses  with  fewer  bur  clovers  and  other  legumes 
than  are  seen  in  Argentina.  Alfalfa  pastures  are  as 
yet  infrequently  seen  in  Uruguay. 

Perhaps  because  of  the  more  or  less  hilly  nature 
of  the  country,  perhaps  because  the  pastures  are  less 
productive  than  those  of  Argentina,  the  Herefords 
are  the  most  popular  cattle  of  all  breeds  tried  in 
Uruguay  and  are  most  frequently  seen.  They  appar- 
ently make  more  fat  on  Uruguayan  grasses  than  do 
the  Shorthorns,  the  nearly  universal  cattle  of  Argen- 


IN  FOREIGN  FIELDS  969 

tina,  Uruguay  has  a  fever  line  in  the  north,  and 
above  the  line  there  are  yet  vast  numbers  of  native 
Spanish  cattle,  greatly  in  need  of  improvement. 
Hereford  blood  is  the  kind  most  sought  to  effect  this 
improvement.  There  is  experienced  the  same  diffi- 
culty that  our  own  breeders  have  met  in  attempting 
to  put  northern  cattle  into  southern  pastures.  The 
non-immune  cattle  quite  often  die  when  exposed  to 
fever  ticks.  Wilson  Bros.,  of  Montevideo,  who  are 
large  importers  of  cattle  for  breeding  purposes, 
have  expressed  their  opinion  that  northern  Uruguay 
and  Brazil  could  use  many  thousands  of  United 
States-bred  Hereford  bulls  if  they  could  be  bought 
with  any  assurance  of  immunity  from  fever. 

The  truth  is  that  our  American  breeders  of  both 
Herefords  and  Shorthorns  have  no  adequate  concep- 
tion of  the  enterprise  that  has  already  been  dis- 
played by  South  American  cattle-growers  in  the 
matter  of  elevating  the  standard  of  their  cattle 
stocks,  probably  because  nearly  all  of  their  buying 
has  been  done  in  Britain.  Writing  under  date  of 
Aug.  15,  1913,  Mr.  William  Tudge  stated  that  "Col. 
F.  Braga,  the  leading  Uruguyan  breeder,  has  at  the 
present  time  800  head  of  pedigree  Hereford  cows 
and  has  just  imported  (on  June  21)  the  most  valu- 
able lot  of  Hereford  bulls,  27  in  number,  that  ever 
left  England  at  one  time." 

Argentina.— The  chief  cattle-rearing  states  of 
Argentina  are  Buenos  Aires,  Cordoba,  Pampa  Cen- 
tral, Santa  Fe,  Entre  Eios  and  Corrientes.  South 


970  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

of  the  Eio  Negro  few  cattle  are  seen  because  of  the 
aridity  of  the  soil  and  the  poverty  of  the  grasses. 
Along  the  Andes,  however,  are  fine  rich  pastures  as 
far  south  as  Santa  Cruz.  On  these  pastures  are  seen 
chiefly  the  native  Spanish  cattle,  some  of  them  of 
magnificent  type  being  used  largely  for  transport 
purposes,  as  it  is  a  great  sheep-growing  country 
and  the  wool  must  be  hauled  a  long  way  to  market. 

The  province  of  Buenos  Aires  is  chiefly  low,  black, 
fat  land,  and  is  devoted  mainly  to  Shorthorn  cattle, 
the  few  herds  of  Angus,  Herefords  or  other  breeds 
being  quite  inconspicuous  amid  such  immense  num- 
bers of  Shorthorns.  In  Cordoba  more  Herefords  are 
seen,  but  even  there  Shorthorns  largely  preponder- 
ate. In  Entre  Eios  the  improved  herds  are  chiefly 
Shorthorns,  although  along  the  northern  edge  will 
be  found  more  of  the  Herefords  and  also  many  of 
the  native  Spanish  long-horned  cattle.  Corrientes 
has  a  few  estancias  given  over  to  cattle  of  good 
blood.  Among  these  will  be  seen  Angus,  Herefords 
and  Shorthorns,  but  in  the  main  Corrientes  is  given 
over  to  the  wild,  unimproved  Spanish  native,  living 
to  be  six  years  old  before  going  to  the  salederos  or 
salting  works.  These  native  cattle  never  reach  the 
frigorificos  because  of  their  lack  of  quality.  In 
northern  Corrientes  some  cattle  of  Zebu  or  East 
Indian  blood  have  come  and  are  welcomed  because 
of  their  tick-immunity. 

Argentina  is  the  only  country  beyond  the  seas  that 
produces  Indian  corn  in  a  large  commercial  way. 


IN  FOREIGN  FIELDS  971 

For  many  years  past  the  proprietors  of  the  great 
estancias  have  been  buying  Shorthorns  in  Great 
Britain,  not  only  with  great  freedom  but  with  a  de- 
gree of  enterprise  unparalleled  in  the  history  of  the 
British  export  business.  The  policy  seems  to  have 
been  to  procure  the  best  absolutely  regardless  of 
cost.  For  a  long  series  of  years  buyers  for  the  Ar- 
gentine have  been  taking  out  the  very  tops  of  British 
herds. 

It  seems  probable  that  the  main  reason  why  the 
Hereford  has  not  as  yet  acquired  such  a  dominating 
influence  in  Argentine  cattle-ranching  as  in  the 
United  States  is  due  to  -  the  fact  that  conditions 
throughout  much  of  the  interior  of  Argentine  are  not 
as  forbidding  as  in  the  case  of  our  own  Rocky 
Mountain  regions.  This  is  simply  another  way  of 
saying  that  the  necessity  for  resorting  to  the  pe- 
culiar qualities  for  which  the  Hereford  is  specially 
noted  do  not  exist  in  Argentina  to  the  same  extent 
as  with  us.  Where  climatic  conditions  are  favorable, 
and  where  food  is  abundant,  it  is  not  commonly 
claimed  that  the  Hereford  has  any  outstanding  ad- 
vantage over  the  Shorthorns.  It  is  where  the  facing 
of  grief  has  to  be  met  that  the  Hereford  practically 
gets  away  from  all  competition. 

Foundations  of  Argentine  Improvement. — In  Vol- 
ume 35  of  the  "Anales  de  la  Sociedad  Argentina "  it 
is  stated  on  the  authority  of  Dr.  Zeballos,  a  former 
Minister  of  Argentina  to  the  United  States  whose 
acquaintance  the  author  of  this  volume  had  the 


972         .  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

pleasure  of  forming  many  years  ago,  that  the  cattle 
trade  of  the  Eiver  Plate  had  its  remote  foundation 
in  the  introduction  in  1553  by  the  brothers  Goes 
(Portuguese)  of  seven  cows  and  a  bull  into  Para- 
guay. The  cattle  were  from  Santa  Catalina,  Brazil. 
Space  will  not  admit  of  our  endeavoring  to  trace 
the  gradual  growth  of  the  industry  during  the  suc- 
ceeding centuries  of  Argentine  development.  The 
point  of  real  interest  to  us  at  this  time  is  the  fact 
that,  so  far  as  published  herd  book  entries  show,  it 
was  not  until  the  year  1862  that  the  first  introduc- 
tion of  the  pure  Hereford  blood  was  recorded.  In 
that  year  Don  Leonardo  Pereyra  imported  the  bull 
Niagara,  and  in  1864  brought  out  the  first  two  cows 
of  the  Hereford  breed.  In  1868  Mr.  Juan  Miller 
brought  out  the  first  Shorthorn  bull,  Tarquino,  and 
several  cows  to  his  Nueva  Caledonia  ranch,  thus 
founding  the  primal  herd  of  that  breed  in  Argentina. 
Without  undertaking  to  present  the  details  as  to  the 
subsequent  importations,  a  general  idea  of  the  extent 
to  which  Herefords  were  introduced  and  bred  during 
the  years  following  this  original  importation  may 
be  gleaned  from  the  statement  that  there  were  re- 
corded up  to  the  year  1907  in  the  first  four  volumes 
of  the  herd  book  established  for  the  registration  of 
pedigree  Herefords  364  bulls  and  649  cows.  Promi- 
nent among  those  engaged  in  promoting  the  inter- 
est in  the  " white  faces"  in  Argentina  was  Mr. 
Arthur  Yeomans,  of  La  Norumbega,  Buenos  Aires 
Province. 


IN  FOREIGN  FIELDS  973 

Shorthorn  vs.  Hereford. — The  author  put  to  a  well 
informed  and  entirely  disinterested  authority  in 
Argentina  not  long  ago  the  query,  "How  do  you 
account  for  the  fact  that  the  Shorthorn  seems  to  be 
so  much  more  popular  in  your  country  than  the 
Hereford  I ' '  This  is  a  point  of  so  much  interest  that 
we  can  do  no  better  than  quote  his  reply  verbatim: 

"This  question  of  yours,  though  natural  and. 
easily  put,  is  the  most  intricate  to  be  answered.  It 
has  agitated  ourselves  for  more  than  two  decen- 
niums,  and  on  their  side  hundreds  of  reasons  have 
been  adduced,  all  to  no  effect.  Cool  ciphers  have 
shown  the  good  qualities  of  the  Hereford  and  its 
adaptability  for  an  outdoor  grazing  life,  dozens  of 
times,  and  still  the  Shorthorn  bears  the  palm  a  long 
way.  Hereford  enthusiasts  have  been  dying  away, 
without  seeing  their  efforts  crowned;  large  parts 
of  considerable  fortunes  have  for  years  been  laid 
out  with  Herefords,  at  small  returns,  while  the 
luckier  rival  was  booming;  and  still  at  the  slightest 
touch  among  the  advocates  of  the  Hereford  the  old 
fire  of  violently  subdued  enthusiasm  breaks  out 
again  to  the  highest  glow.  As  an  observer,  how- 
ever, I  should  mention:  ' 

"First:  That  there  is  a  great  majority  of  Short- 
horn breeders,  and  the  largest  extensions  of  the 
most  fertile  pasture  land  are  devoted  to  Shorthorns, 
while  the  Herefords  (owing  to  their  hardiness  and 
good  feeding  qualities  under  adverse  conditions) 
are  generally  reared  on  poor  pastures,  consequently 
competing  at  disadvantage. 

"Second:  That  the  very  pronounced  hereditary 
power  makes  the  people  compare  most  commonly 
a  first-cross  Hereford  with  a  fourth-  or  fifth-cross 
Shorthorn,  to  the  great  detriment  of  the  former. 


974  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

" Third:  That  a  portion  of  the  original  native 
cattle,  before  and  during  the  time  of  grading,  pos- 
sessed white  heads  (such  animals  being  named 
'pampa'  put  here),  and  that  these  'pampas'  are 
much  disliked.  And  as  the  Hereford  with  his  strong 
generic  prepotence  gave  white  heads  even  in  the 
first  cross,  these  two  different  classes  of  white  heads 
were  mixed  up  by  an  ignorant  population. ' ' 

Argentine  Breeders  Testify.— The  fact  that  Ar- 
gentina now  looms  so  large  in  the  matter  of  the 
world's  beef  supply,  has  led  the  author  to  endeavor 
to  assemble  the  views  of  leading  advocates  of  the 
Hereford  in  that  country.  The  courtesy  of  our 
southern  neighbors  is  proverbial.  Some  of  the 
wealthiest  and  most  deeply-engrossed  of  those  who 
have  stood  by  the  Hereford  cattle  in  the  Argentine, 
in  the  face  of  many  discouragements,  have  done  us 
the  honor  to  reply  at  length  and  in  most  interesting 
fashion  to  our  inquiries  as  to  the  status  of  the 
" white  faces"  in  the  great  South  American  repub- 
lic. In  view  of  the  interest  now  attaching  to  the 
evolution  of  the  cattle  business  in  that  country  we 
feel  that  no  more  interesting  contribution  to  con- 
temporary cattle  literature  can  be  made  than  the 
submission  herewith  of  liberal  extracts  from  trans- 
lations of  their  replies. 

Cabana  San  Juan. — Reference  has  already  been 
made  to  Don  Leonardo  Pereyra  as  the  pioneer  im- 
porter. The  fact  that  his  holdings  of  Herefords 
upon  various  estancias  had  extended  up  to  30,000 
head  at  the  time  his  statement  was  made  lends 
weight  to  the  following  language: 


IN  FOREIGN  FIELDS  975 

"You  ask  me  what  reasons  justify  in  the  Argen- 
tine Republic  the  apparent  supremacy  of  the  Short- 
horns as  a  race,  the  superiority  of  the  Herefords 
being  unquestionable  as  regards  strength,  hardiness, 
health,  resistance  and  adaptability  to  all  kinds  of 
camps. 

"I  believe  it  is  only  a  matter  of  personal  prefer- 
ence. I  acknowledge  that  such  a  motive  has  no 
weight  as  a  commercial  argument.  It  must  also  be 
borne  in  mind,  that  the  generality  of  our  breeders 
have,  for  some  time  past,  dedicated  themselves  to 
breeding  Shorthorns,  as  these  were  more  abundant 
than  Herefords.  The  former  spread  thus  easily  over 
the  country  and  today  the  owners  of  Shorthorns, 
although  the  origin  of  their  cattle  in  this  country 
may  not  be  a  pure  one,  have  continued  crossing  with 
imported  animals  or  with  more  or  less  pure  bulls  for 
such  a  long  period  that  their  herds  are  almost  pur 
sang.  Such  breeders  naturally  are  loath  to  give  up 
the  results  of  many  years  of  assiduous  work. 

"I  think,  nay,  I  can  assure,  that  there  are  Short- 
horn breeders  who  are  intimately  convinced  of  the 
necessity  of  starting  in  the  direction  of  a  breed 
which,  like  the  Hereford,  offers  them  more  endur- 
ance, is  better  adapted  to  all  zones,  shows  greater 
resistance  in  times  of  drouth  and  during  cold 
winters,  than  are  displayed  by  the  Shorthorns.  Yet 
this  conviction  is  an  inward  one;  it  is  not  openly 
avowed.  Things  will  most  likely  continue  in  this 
state  until  the  Hereford  breeders,  who  on  their  side 
persist  in  their  propaganda,  do  succeed  in  establish- 
ing their  opinion,  as  I  understand  has  happened  in 
the  United  States.  The  Hereford  breeders  have  kept 
up  the  struggle  for  a  very  long  time;  but  they  were 
few,  compared  with  the  number  of  their  rivals,  and 
the  upshot  so  far  favors  the  predominion  of  the  Dur- 
hams.  During  recent  years,  however,  a  reaction  has 


IN  FOREIGN  FIELDS  977 

begun,  a  reaction  which  is  based  or  caused  by  the 
evidence  gathered  in  bad  times,  when  cattle  are  put 
to  the  proof  by  protracted  drouths,  intense  cold, 
scarcity  of  pasture,  etc. 

"The  San  Juan  Farm,  established  forty-five  years 
ago,  has  always  kept  a  valuable  stock  of -pedigree 
sires.  The  development  of  both  Hereford  and  Dur- 
ham herds  in  our  estancias  has  allowed  me  to  com- 
pare the  qualities  of  the  two  breeds,  and  I  have 
reached  the  following  conclusions:  the  Hereford 
cattle  produce  more  and  keep  in  better  condition 
than  the  Durhams.  I  now  possess  from  25,000  to 
30,000  head  of  Hereford  cattle.  The  figures  in  my 
books  speak  eloquently  in  their  favor,  showing  they 
give  higher  profits  than  an  equal  number  of  Dur- 
hams, although  the  latter  have  always  grazed  on  a 
better  camp  (Tandil  Leofu)  which  is  situated  in  the 
same  region,  near  the  Tandil  Mountains,  where  the 
Hereford  cattle  run  (San  Simon).  I  can  therefore 
harbor  no  doubts.  Facts  have  convinced  me,  and 
they  certainly  carry  out  my  assertions." 

We  have  the  pleasure  of  submitting  herewith 
several  engravings  which  will  demonstrate  to  the 
American  reader  that  Herefords  of  the  very  first 
quality,  equal,  in  fact,  to  the  best  of  the  breed  in  any 
country,  have  been  utilized  by  Senor  Pereyra  in  his 
extensive  breeding  operations.  These  illustrations 
have  been  prepared  from  a  beautiful  set  of  photo- 
graphs sent  to  the  author  along  with  the  manu- 
script from  which  the  above  statement  is  extracted. 
We  have  also  been  furnished  with  a  detailed  state- 
ment concerning  the  leading  stock  bulls  used  in  this 
noted  herd,  the  list  including  a  large  number  of 
Royal  English  prize-winners  taken  to  the  Argentine 


978  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

at  high  prices.  We  regret  that  space  will  not  per- 
mit of  our  setting  forth  the  bloodlines  of  these  im- 
ported cattle,  but  it  must  suffice  to  say  that  all  of 
the  great  producing  strains  of  the  breed  in  Here- 
fordshire were  represented. 

Las  Hormigas. — Senor  A.  Ayerza,  owner  of  Las 
Hormigas,  established  in  Conchitas  in  the  District 
of  Quilmes,  Province  of  Buenos  Aires,  in  the  year 
1896,  began  with  four  pedigree  cows  imported  from 
England,  and  with  fifteen  bred  in  Argentina,  the 
produce  of  imported  English  cows.  The  first  bull 
used  was  Eaton  Defender,  bred  by  Sir  Joseph 
Pulley,  Bart,  of  Lower  Eaton,  and  was  followed  by 
the  famous  Eed  Cross,  bred  by  Arkwright  of  Hamp- 
ton Court  and  winner  of  many  important  prizes  at 
English  shows. 

The  natural  increase  from  births  in  this  estab- 
lishment during  a  period  of  eleven  years  was  425 
head.  Comparing  the  "mestizacion"  or  effects  of 
crossing  with  both  *  *  Durham ' '  and  Hereford  bulls,  Sr. 
Ayerza,  after  having  practical  experience  with  both 
breeds  and  having  produced  as  many  as  6,000  head 
of  grades  of  both  breeds  decided  to  give  up  using 
"Durhams"  and  only  employ  Herefords.  Eef  erring 
to  this  he  said: 

"  Above  all  I  must  tell  you  that  the  mestizacion  in 
my  establishment  has  been  made  principally  with 
purebred  pedigree  bulls,  but  few  of  a  '  mixed  breed  * 
having  been  used,  but  even  those  had  been  crossed 
at  least  four  times.  As  to  the  cows,  although  they 
had  some  Hereford  blood  (only  the  color),  yet  on 


IN  FOREIGN  FIELDS  979 

account  of  their  poor  development  and  form  they 
were  no  better  than  the  ordinary  native  cattle.  With 
these  2,000  head  as  a  base  they  gave,  in  the  first 
instance,  as  a  result  steers  which  at  three  and  a  half 
years  old  were  sold  for  the  freezing  establishment 
at  the  same  price  as  Durham  steers  of  the  same  age 
and  fleshiness,  but  which  had  better  blood  on 
account  of  their  mestizacion.  I  am  certain  that  this 
result  could  not  have  been  obtained  with  purebred 
Durham  bulls  and  cows  in  the  conditions  of  de- 
velopment and  mestizacion  to  which  I  have  just 
made  reference. 

"One  point  of  great  importance  in  the  use  of 
Hereford  cattle  is  their  rapid  increase;  for,  com- 
paring the  annual  increase  of  the  Hereford  cattle 
which  I  possess  now  with  that  of  the  Durhams 
which  I  had,  I  can  affirm  without  fear  of  mistake 
that  said  increase  is  from  18  to  20  per  cent  more. 
I  have  also  noted  that  in  the  case  of  this  breed  a 
breeder  can  with  impunity,  by  means  of  crossing, 
produce  an  animal  of  pure  blood  without  the  least 
fear  of  losing  in  the  smallest  degree  any  of  the 
strength  and  rusticity  which  belong  to  the  breed, 
and  which  in  my  experience  with  the  Durham  can- 
not be  obtained,  because  this  animal  once  arrived 
at  the  grade  of  pure  blood  becomes  exceedingly 
weak  and  unable  to  resist  our'  system  of  rearing 
cattle  in  the  open  air,  especially  during  the  win- 
ters of  the  southern  parts  of  Buenos  Aires.  If,  for 
example,  during  the  last  winter  I  had  in  my  estab- 
lishment the  Durham  cows  which  I  formerly  had, 
I  am  quite  sure  that  more  than  three-fourths  of 
them  would  have  died  (as  happened  with  my 
neighbors)  whilst  I  only  lost  an  insignificant  part 
of  my  Herefords.  You  may  be  almost  certain  that 
a  red  native  cow  served  by  a  pure  Hereford  bull 
will  produce  an  animal  with  hair,  short  legs  and 


980  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

somewhat  of  the  roundness  of  body  of  the  parent 
bull,  which  characteristics  you  will  not  find  in  the 
case  of  a  Durham.  I  am  fully  persuaded  that  given 
the  same  conditions  as  to  blood,  pasture  and  care 
of  the  cows  served  by  purebred  bulls  of  either 
breed,  the  breeder  of  Herefords  will  obtain  a  larger 
number  and  a  better  type  of  animal  in  half  the 
time. 

" There   are  many  factors   to   be   considered   to, 
account  for  the  superior  popularity  of  the  Durham: 

" First:  As  there  are  few  breeders  of  Herefords 
there  are  consequently  few  pure  bulls  to  employ  in 
the  mestizacion,  and  this  fact  obliges  many  breed- 
ers to  have  their  cows  served  by  animals  which 
have  been  only  once  crossed.  These  bulls  with 
the  facility  with  which  they  give  to  their  produce 
the  hair  of  the  Hereford  cause  the  offspring  to  have 
the  name  of  Herefords  without  in  reality  possessing 
a  drop  of  pure  blood. 

"Second:  As  everybody  recognizes  the  strength 
and  rusticity  of  this  breed  it  becomes  a  reason  why 
the  breed  is  raised  in  those  camps,  where  on  account 
of  their  bad  quality  Durhams  could  not  live,  and 
therefore  the  want  of  grass,  a  bad  climate,  and  bull 
of  very  little  pure  blood  are  the  reasons  why  the 
produce  show  a  want  of  development,  causing  one 
to  believe  on  account  of  their  color  that  they  possess 
a  high  grade  of  mestizacion,  when  in  reality  they 
possess  none. 

" Third:  A  great  deal  is  also  to  be  attributed  to 
the  constant  adverse  efforts  of  the  partisans  of  the 
Durhams  against  the  Herefords.  It  is  plain  that 
the  partisans  of  the  Durham,  being  so  numerous  and 
powerful,  those  of  the  Hereford  who  are  in  a  great 
minority  are  not  listened  to. 

1  i  For  my  part  I  can  bring  forward  as  a  witness 
my  commercial  books  to  show  that  I  sell  annually 


IN  FOREIGN  FIELDS  981 

to  the  freezing  establishments  for  exportation  to 
London  from  10,000  to  13,000  steers,  and  I  have 
never  sold  Durhams  for  a  higher  price,  nor  of  less 
age,  nor  fatter  than  Heref ords ;  with  this  peculiarity, 
that  although  both  be  fed  on  the  same  land  the 
Herefords  have  fattened  sooner,  and  I  have  never 
had  a  single  animal  of  the  Hereford  breed  rejected 
on  account  of  a  suspicion  of  tuberculosis,  which 
disease  is  found  largely  developed  in  the  Durham 
breed. 

"One  of  the  baseless  reasons  which  the  breeders 
of  Durhams  use  in  running  down  Herefords  is  the 
following  which  I  have  pleasure  in  giving  you: 
In  our  great  Palermo  shows  of  1890,  1895,  1896, 
1897,  1898,  1899,  1900,  1901  and  1902  a  grand  special 
or  champion  prize  was  established  to  be  awarded  to 
the  best  bull  for  producing  the  best  meat  breed. 
During  these  nine  distinct  struggles  the  Durhams 
won  five  times  and  the  Herefords  four.  I  must  tell 
you  that  in  those  different  competitions  the  number 
of  Durham  bulls  was  four  or  six  times  more  numer- 
ous than  that  of  the  Herefords,  so  that  the  triumph 
was  greater  for  the  latter.  At  the  present  day  we 
cannot,  unfortunately,  compete  in  the  same  condi- 
tions, because  a  champion  prize  has  been  established 
for  each  breed,  through  the  influence  of  the  partisans 
of  the  Durhams. 

"I  have  data  given  me  by  pedigree  stock  breed- 
ers of  both  breeds  which  says  that  given  an  equal 
number  of  cows  and  time,  the  Herefords  have  pro- 
duced in  the  proportion  of  one  and  a  half  times  more 
than  the  Durhams." 

It  should  here  be  stated  that  the  foregoing  testi- 
mony, as  well  as  that  which  follows  it,  was  pro- 
cured by  the  author  of  this  volume  several  years 
ago,  when  this  work  was  first  projected.  While 


982  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

general  conditions  in  respect  to  the  relative  posi- 
tions of  the  two  breeds  in  Argentina  have  not  ma- 
terially changed  since  these  interesting  communica- 
tions were  originally  written,  it  is  but  fair  to  state 
that  several  years  have  elapsed  since  they  were 
placed  in  the  writer's  hands.  It  would  appear 
therefore  that  Hereford  breeders  in  Argentina  find 
themselves  up  against  about  the  same  proposition 
that  faced  the  early  American  breeders  and  import- 
ers in  the  United  States — the  Shorthorn  power  being 
entrenched  at  every  point,  making  it  an  up-hill  fight 
for  the  advocates  of  the  " white  faces." 

San  Gregorio. — Senor  D.  A.  Villfane,  proprietor  of 
the  San  Gregorio  estancia,  substantiates  what  has 
already  been  said  by  his  colleagues.  His  reply  in 
part  is  as  follows: 

"One  cause  of  the  unpopularity  of  the  Hereford 
is  that  he  so  easily  imprints  his  type  on  the  common 
classes,  half-blood  crosses  are  sent  to  market,  and 
his  premature  product  resulting  from  a  hurried  re- 
finement served  the  Durham  breeders  to  emphasize 
their  anti-Hereford  propaganda.  As  the  Hereford 
type  is  easily  imprinted,  any  product  with  a  white 
face  and  horned  was  *  Hereford/  but  what  kind  of 
Hereford?  Of  these  I  am  no  advocate,  but  I  am  a 
very  great  lover  of  the  Hereford  of  quality. 

" Again:  In  the  shows  the  number  of  Durham 
animals  exceeds  the  Herefords,  and  the  public  natur- 
ally rushes  to  wherever  their  attention  is  thus  forci- 
bly directed.  The  Durham  undoubtedly  will  have 
its  epoch;  indeed  it  is  enjoying  it  at  the  present 
moment,  but  then  as  it  is  only  a  fleeting  custom  (or 
shall  I  call  it  fashion!)  it  shall  vanish  like  all  other 


STOCK    BULL    WONDERFUL,    USED    BY    DON    LEONARDO    PEREYRA. 


PRIZE    BULL    HOLMER    22229,    BRED    BY    PETER    COATS    AND    TAKEN    TO 
THE   ARGENTINE    BY   DON   LEONARDO   PEREYRA. 


984-  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

fancies  and  eventually  the  Hereford  will  again  be 
in  the  ascendant. ' ' 

Duggan  Bros. — Mr.-  Edward  C.  Duggan  of  this 
firm  says: 

"The  result  of  the  Hereford  crossing  is  undeni- 
able to  all  those  who  have  tested  it.  We  have  ex- 
cellent herds  resulting  from  crosses  made  with  pure 
Hereford  bulls  and  low-grade  Durham  cows,  and  we 
have  also  obtained  in  much  less  time  excellent  results 
with  crossings  made  with  pure  Hereford  bulls  and 
Durham  cows  of  high  breeding.  It  frequently  hap- 
pens that  many  breeders  in  order  to  buy  the  Here- 
ford cows  separate  from  their  herds  all  the  inferior 
and  useless  cows,  and  placing  these  with  Hereford 
bulls,  wonder  afterwards  why  they  did  not  obtain 
a  product  of  the  'cold  storage '  type  and  preach 
to  the  four  winds  that  the  crossing  is  not  good. 
These  gentlemen  do  not  notice,  or  do  not  wish  to 
recognize,  that  these  same  cows  if  mated  with  an 
excellent  Durham  bull  would  never  give  a  superior 
product,  but  they  expect  the  Hereford  to  do  in  one 
crossing  that  which  they  would  not  seek  from  the 
Durham  in  five. 

"In  a  country  like  ours,  which  possesses  every 
variety  of  climate,  soil  and  pasture  imaginable,  it  is 
a  positive  fact  that  in  the  cattle  as  well  as  the  sheep 
there  exists  practically  only  one  breed — in  cattle  the 
Durham  and  in  sheep  the  Lincoln.  It  is  somewhat 
difficult  to  determine  to  what  can  be  attributed  this 
strange  anomaly.  In  the  case  of  the  Hereford  we 
think  it  is  mainly  due  to  the  slight  knowledge  of  the 
breed.  As  the  Hereford  bull  from  the  first  crossing 
imprints  his  color  on  his  offspring,  it  occurs  that 
many  persons  think  that  every  animal  with  a  white 
face  is  a  Hereford,  although  he  has  nothing  else 
but  the  aforesaid  characteristic.  This  lack  of 


IN  FOREIGN  FIELDS  985 

knowledge  in  connection  with  what  we  have  written 
in  the  above  paragraph  about  the  little  certainty 
prevailing  among  the  majority  of  breeders  proves 
that  the  crossing  must  be  the  chief  cause  of  the 
small  acceptability  of  this  mixture  compared  with 
the  Durham.  We  must  here  draw  attention  con- 
cerning the  fact  that  all  our  neighbor  live  stock 
breeders,  as  well  as  ourselves,  who  have  proved  both 
species  under  similar  conditions,  are  all  adherents 
of  the  Hereford.  We  have  herds  of  pedigree  and 
numerous  rounds  of  both  crossings  which  enable  us 
to  speak  of  the  matter  with  some  authority. 

"We  have  ascertained  that  the  Hereford  bull 
serves  a  greater  number  of  cows  than  the  Durham. 
Again,  the  Hereford  cow  gives  a  larger  percentage 
of  calves,  there  being  comparatively  few  cases  of 
sterile  and  tuberculosis  cattle.  Further,  that  the 
Hereford  lives  longer  than  the  Durham,  is  more 
easily  fattened  and  the  'cold  storage7  pay  for  good 
Hereford  steers  is  a  price  equal  to  that  offered  for 
good  Durhams.  The  fact  of  the  Hereford  being 
easier  to  fatten  is  of  great  importance,  because  on 
the  same  pasture  you  can.  place  one-third  more  ani- 
mals than  you  can  of  Durhams.  Another  strong 
feature  for  the  Hereford  is  that  it  will  fatten  on  the 
same  good  pasture  even  at  the  time  when  it  is  with 
calf,  but  the  Durham,  which  is  thin  at  this  stage, 
will  not  improve  while  she  is  suckling  and  in  the 
majority  of  cases  will  not  improve  without  special 
care.  Lastly,  on  pasture  land  where  Durhams  die 
the  Hereford  not  only  lives  but  keeps  in  a  fair  con- 
dition. As  this  last  statement  may  seem  exagger- 
ated, we  will  add  that  on  more  than  one  occasion 
during  bad  winters  we  have  had  Durham  and  Here- 
ford cattle  on  the  same  pasture  separated  by  a 
fence,  but  we  have  been  compelled  to  assist  the 
Durhams,  taking  them  to  other  pastures  in  better 


986  A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

condition,  while  the  Herefords  remained  to  the  end 
of  the  winter  and  exhibited  a  better  condition. " 

At  Esperanza. — Sr.  Miguel  G.  Salas,  one  of  the 
Argentine  advocates  of  the  Hereford,  imported  in 
the  year  1882  fifty  cows  and  one  bull,  and  formed 
with  these  animals  his  first  herd  at  Esperanza.  This 
importation  was  followed  periodically  by  others, 
which  were  used  for  renewing  the  blood,  avoiding 
the  necessity  for  close  breeding.  Of  the  bulls  pro- 
duced from  the  stock  a  number  were  prepared  for 
sale  when  they  were  two  years  old,  and  the  re- 
mainder utilized  for  improving  the  stock  of  ' i  Creole ' ' 
cattle,  which  he  owned  on  different  estates.  Of  the 
effects  observed,  it  is  said: 

"The  result  of  the  crossing  with  the  ordinary 
cattle  was  at  first  mediocre,  but  lately  has  been 
very  satisfactory,  the  steers  realizing  prices  which 
rival  with  the  best  obtained  from  among  the  Dur- 
hams.  Notwithstanding  all  this,  there  "are  some  ob- 
jections raised  on  the  part  of  market  buyers  for  the 
Hereford  cattle,  and  this  opposition  against  such  an 
excellent  breed  is  chiefly  based  on  the  existence  of 
two  prominent  features  pertaining  to  this  class  of 
cattle,  which  have  contributed  to  lessen  their  popu- 
larity here. 

"First:  The  amazing  facility  with  which  the 
Hereford  attains  the  coloring  without  more  admix- 
ture than  that  resulting  from  a  half-pure  Hereford 
bull  with  an  ordinary  cow,  which  at  once  produces 
the  characteristic  color — red  with  a  white  face.  But 
then  an  animal  with  so  little  strain  of  noble  blood, 
although  it  has  the  color  of  the  pure  breed,  naturally 
cannot  have  its  other  distinguishing  features;  and 
from  these  circumstances  persons  not  very  expert  in 


IN  FOREIGN  FIELDS  987 

the  knowledge  of  the  breed  form  wrong  conclusions, 
considering  the  Hereford  badly  developed  and  diffi- 
cult to  fatten,  etc. 

* '  Second :  It  is  a  general  opinion  that  as  to  rustic- 
ity this  breed  has  no  competitors,  and  in  view  of 
this  fact  the  breeders  allotted  the  poorest  pastur- 
age to  the  Hereford.  In  consequence  of  this  the  re- 
sult was  soon  apparent,  for  the  cattle  thus  treated — 
as  was  natural  to  suppose — did  not  attain  to  the 
size  of  their  competitors,  the  Durhams,  and  from 
this  circumstance  arose  the  conclusion  of  the  sup- 
posed inferiority  of  the  Herefords,  and  this  without 
once  giving  thought  that  the  Durhams  would  have 
literally  perished  had  they  been  grazed  on  similar 
pasture  to  that  of  the  Hereford  cattle.  Now  it  is 
common  knowledge  that  when  placed  on  good 
pasture  and  being  of  a  good  cross  the  Herefords 
can  compete  favorably  with  the  Durham  or  any 
other  breed  of  beef,  and  if  to  this  fact  we  add  the 
dehorning,  the  Hereford  can  be  converted  into  a 
polled  steer,  as  beautiful  and  docile  an  animal  as 
any  Durham. 

"The  actual  proprietor  of  Esperanza,  Sr.  Juan 
Cobo,  had  at  about  the  same  time  established  his 
Durham  Stock  Farm  with  the  same  number  of  ani- 
mals, but  he  remains  nowadays  with  only  the  Here- 
fords, which  he  prefers  to  the  Durhams. '" 

La  Estrella. — The  author  acknowledges  with 
thanks  the  receipt  of  a  long  and  particularly  inter- 
esting statement  from  Dr.  Emilio  Frers  on  the  gen- 
eral subject  of  the  status  of  the  Hereford  in  Argen- 
tina, including  an  even-tempered  and  scholarly 
analysis  of  the  relative  claims  made  for  the  two 
leading  breeds  in  that  country.  Our  only  regret 
is  that  we  have  not  space  to  publish  this  in  full. 


988  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 

To  condense  it  would  only  be  to  rob  it  of  its  vital 
interest. 

Dr.  Frers '  experience  began  in  the  year  1882  when 
he  took  over  the  La  Estrella  establishment,  at  which 
time  the  cattle  stock  included  a  small  herd  of  50 
or  60  Hereford-crossed  Shorthorn  cows  and  some- 
thing over  3,000  head  of  "  Creoles, "  showing  some 
little  blood.  He  decided  to  begin  the  work  of  im- 
provement, and  for  this  purpose  selected  the  Here- 
ford bull.  He  was  fortunate  enough  to  secure  as 
his  first  purebred  sire  the  imported  bull  Gordon, 
bred  by  Lewis  Lloyd,  that  carried  a  double  cross 
of  Lord  Wilton.  He  was  procured  through  Mr. 
Yeomans,  who  stated  at  the  time  that  "no  Here- 
ford bull  of  better  blood  had  crossed  the  equator 
up  to  that  date."  His  descendants  at  La  Estrella 
certainly  did  high  credit  to  his  ancestry.  During 
1887  and  1889  several  good  lots  of  bulls  were 
brought  out  from  England.  Since  that  date  none 
but  pedigree  sires  have  been  used  in  the  herds.  At 
the  time  this  communication  was  written  by  Dr. 
Frers  the  herd  numbered  some  4,700  head  of  cat- 
tle, of  which  119  head  had  pedigrees.  Besides  these 
there  were  between  400  and  500  cows  which  were 
already  highly  crossed,  and  which  would  be  classed 
as  of  the  pure  blood.  In  fact,  something  over  2,000 
of  the  cows  were  more  than  seven-eighths  Here- 
ford blood.  Animals  from  this  establishment  have 
repeatedly  been  shown  at  the  Argentine  expositions 
with  great  success. 


IN  FOREIGN  FIELDS  989 

Dr.  Frers  lias  taken  special  pride  in  the  Here- 
ford steers  he  has  shown,  and  these  have  not  only 
been  frequent  winners,  but  have  sold  at  fancy  prices. 
Speaking  of  the  value  of  the  Hereford  for  the  meat 
trade,  he  says: 

' '  The  Hereford  steers  are  rapidly  coming  into 
favor,  notwithstanding  the  prejudices  of  many 
breeders  and  exporters.  Until  a  few  years  ago  the 
average  price  obtainable  for  them  was  considerably 
less  than  that  for  the  mixed-bred  Durham.  It  was 
said  that  their  net  yield  was  less,  but  if  so  the 
reason  was  obvious.  All  white-faced  animals  pro- 
duced by  Creole  cattle  and  those  of  the  lower  grades 
in  general,  were  classed  as  Herefords,  even  though 
they  possessed  no  other  charactertistic  than  the  red 
and  white  color.  Those  highly  bred  in  Hereford 
blood  were  very  few  in  numbers.  Indeed  the  Dur- 
hams,  with  which  they  were  compared,  reached 
vastly  superior  refinement.  It  should  be  borne  in 
mind  that  the  proportion  of  the  Hereford  to  the  Dur- 
ham is  one  to  seven  throughout  the  country.  At 
the  present  time  good  Hereford  steers  command 
as  high  prices  as  any  others  at  the  public  market, 
as  well  as  for  export.  At  recent  cattle  shows  we 
have  been  triumphant.  I  have  contributed  three- 
quarters  and  seven-eighths  blood  Hereford  bullocks 
that  have  secured  on  many  different  occasions  the 
gold  medal  as  the  best  lot  of  steers  without  dis- 
tinction as  to  breed,  in  competition  with  the  best 
Durham  steers. 

1  i  In  my  opinion  there  appears  to  be  a  great  future 
for  the  Hereford  breed  in  this  country,  although  I 
think  it  will  never  entirely  dislodge  the  Durham. 
Indeed,  I  see  no  reason  why  it  should  do  so.  I 
think  the  Herefords  equal  them  both  as  to  value 
and  economy  of  production.  The  Durham  is  some- 


990  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

what  more  precocious.  A  Hereford  steer  will  not 
give  at  three  years  the  same  weight  and  quantity 
of  beef,  but  at  four  years  this  difference  disappears. 
The  Hereford  is,  on  the  other  hand,  more  hardy. 
This  is  the  outcome  of  a  biological  law.  Precocity 
and  rusticity  are  difficult  to  reconcile,  and  it  is  here 
the  Hereford  offers  some  advantages.  He  resists 
better  the  causes  of  general  mortality,  sickness,  cli- 
matic variances,  etc.,  in  a  higher  degree,  and  this 
is  the  reason  why  where  we  have  hard  grasses, 
where  the  Durham  cannot  sustain  himself  and  dies, 
the  Hereford  lives,  sometimes  weak  perhaps,  but 
still  he  survives.  He  fattens  quicker  when  grazing, 
and  preserves  his  condition  better  where  hardships 
have  to  be  met  with,  as  is  common  in  our  country. 
The  Durham  is  without  doubt  better  suited  for  stall- 
feeding,  but  the  Hereford  has  the  advantage  over 
him  in  grazing. ' ' 

Australasia. — Australia  and  New  Zealand  cut  a 
large  figure  always  in  the  world's  supply  of  meats, 
more  especially  in  the  matter  of  mutton.  In  the 
production  of  Merino  and  cross-bred  wools  they  hold 
a  commanding  position,  and  their  exports  of  frozen 
mutton  reach  great  totals.  Cattle-growing  is  in- 
deed subordinate  to  flock  husbandry,  and  yet,  as 
British  colonies  with  good  grazing  available,  they 
have  naturally  transplanted  from  the  mother  country 
the  blood  of  the  Shorthorn  and  Hereford  in  quanti- 
ties that  have  resulted  in  the  establishment  and 
maintenance  of  many  first-class  herds.  The  bulls 
have  made  their  impress  upon  the  general  cattle 
stocks.  While  the  Shorthorn  probably  is  to  be  found 
in  larger  number  than  the  Hereford,  the  latter  has 


IN  FOREIGN  FIELDS  991 

met  with  special  favor,  as  elsewhere,  wherever  harsh 
conditions  have  to  be  met,  so  that  in  those  remote 
regions,  as  in  lands  lying  nearer  to  our  own  bound- 
aries, we  find  the  "white  face"  as  an  important 
factor  in  the  cattle  business.  Only  lack  of  space 
precludes  our  going  into  details  in  this  case  as  to 
their  introduction  and  dissemination. 

The  Cape  Colonies. — There  are  comparatively  few 
Herefords  in  South  Africa.  A  few  have  been  im- 
ported into  Cape  Colony  and  Natal  from  time  to 
time  from  England,  but  no  herds  of  any  size  have 
been  established.  Mr.  Walsh  took  out  a  small  lot 
of  Texas-bred  " white  faces"  to  Ehodesia  in  the 
fall  of  1913,  and  expects  to  make  further  shipments. 

One  of  the  largest  early  importations  of  English 
Herefords  into  the  colonies  was  that  of  the  Trans- 
vaal Government  in  1903.  Then  twenty-seven  cows 
and  heifers  and  four  bulls,  from  good  Herefordshire 
strains,  were  imported.  Included  amongst  these  was 
British  Gold,  by  Gold  Box  (15339),  presented  to  the 
Transvaal  Government  by  the  Earl  of  Coventry. 
This  bull  proved  a  useful  and  impressive  sire.  After 
this  importation  a  few  more  cows  and  heifers  were 
taken  out  for  the  Government  and  it  was  proposed 
to  gradually  increase  the  herd,  which  is  located  upon 
the  Experimental  Farm  at  Potchefstroom.  The 
young  bulls  bred  from  imported  females  have  been 
sold  to  farmers  throughout  the  colony,  and  have 
been  much  sought  after.  Mr.  Abe  Bailey  also  es- 
tablished a  herd  in  Cape  Colony  some  years 


A    CROSS-BRED    CALF— HEREFORD    BULL    ON    AFRIKANDER    COW. 


A  POPULAR  CROSS  IN  CUBA— ZEBU  BULL  ON  A  GRADE  HEREFORD  COW. 


IN  FOREIGN  FIELDS  993 

ago.  These  were  the  first  herds  of  importance  in 
South  Africa  so  far  as  we  can  learn. 

Speaking  of  the  general  cattle-breeding  situation 
in  these  regions,  the  Director  of  Agriculture  for  the 
Transvaal  Government,  writing  to  the  author  of  this 
volume  several  years  ago,  said: 

"  Though  a  great  portion  of  South  Africa  is  by 
no  means  a  dairying  country,  and  so  far  very  little 
has  been  done  in  the  way  of  dairying,  even  in  dis- 
tricts suitable  for  it,  yet  for  some  reason  or  other 
the  first  thought  of  the  farmer  when  purchasing 
cattle  is  the  amount  of  milk  they  will  yield,  the 
second  consideration  being  the  suitability  of  the 
steers  for  trek  purposes.  The  carcass  of  the  animal, 
the  proportion  of  carcass  to  live  weight,  and  early- 
maturing  qualities  have  been  greatly  neglected.  As 
a  matter  of  fact,  it  would  be  far  better  economy 
on  the  part  of  many  farmers  if  they  were  to  go  in 
for  beef  production  pure  and  simple,  and  I  have 
little  doubt  that  before  long  they  will  do  so.  When 
they  arrive  at  that  stage  Herefords  should  prove 
most  useful. 

"The  native  cattle — Afrikanders,  as  they  are 
called — are  very  poor  carcass  animals  and  very 
poor  milkers,  though  the  little  milk  they  do  give 
is  extremely  rich.  They  are  hardy  and  excellent 
for  trek  purposes.  I  enclose  photographs  of  a  bull 
and  three  young  heifers. 

"The  favorite  breeds  of  cattle,  other  than  Afri- 
kanders, in  South  Africa  at  present  are  Frieslands, 
Shorthorns,  Devons,  both  North  and  South,  and 
Ayrshires,  but  there  are  few  herds  of  any  size  and 
merit  of  any  of  the  breeds,  and  it  would  probably 
be  hard  to  find  any  other  part  of  the  world  in  which 
cattle-breeding  is,  speaking  generally,  so  backward 
as  in  South  Africa, 


994  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

"  Until  recently  animals  were  allowed  to  run  semi- 
wild  upon  the  veld,  and  the  only  regard  which  the 
farmer  had  for  his  stock  was  that  it  should  in- 
crease as  rapidly  as  possible,  and  afford  the  mini- 
mum amount  of  trouble  and  expense. 

"In  many  ways  this  is  a  trying  country  for  stock, 
as  in  the  winter,  whilst  the  days  are  hot,  the  nights 
are  bitterly  cold.  We  are  also  bothered  by  many 
parasitic  diseases  caused  by  bacteria  and  protozoa, 
and  conveyed  by  insects.  The  fact  that  South  Africa 
once  carried  such  an  enormous  herd  of  large  game 
leads  me  to  believe  that  when  the  various  diseases 
have  been  overcome,  and  more  sensible  systems  of 
management  adopted,  South  Africa  will  be  a  good 
cattle  country. " 

We  reproduce  herewith  the  photographs  showing 
an  Afrikander  bull  and  females,  kindly  supplied  by 
this  correspondent,  and  in  addition  a  plate  show- 
ing the  result  of  a  cross  of  a  Hereford  bull  upon 
a  native  African  cow,  from  which  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  youngster,  while  nursing,  is  almost  as  large 
as  his  mother. 

Mr.  Walsh,  who  has  selected  something  over  4,000,- 
000  acres  of  land  in  Ehodesia  for  the  British  South 
Africa  Co.,  believes  that  cattle-breeding  can  be  suc- 
cessfully conducted  in  that  region.  It  is  not  a  well- 
watered  country,  that  is,  in  the  dry  season,  which 
is  the  winter.  The  summer  or  wet  season  is  in 
November,  December  and  January,  during  which 
time  the  weather  is  very  hot,  although  not. unbear- 
able because  the  altitude  is  1,500  to  5,000  feet  above 
sea  level.  An  abundance  of  water  is  to  be  had  by 
digging  or  boring  at  a  shallow  depth.  At  the 


AFRIKANDER    COW    AND    HEIFERS. 


^•$jl':':i& 


AN  AFRIKANDER  BDLL. 


996  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

present  time  there  are  very  few  cattle  in  Rhodesia, 
probably  not  more  than  6,000  head  in  the  country, 
attributable  to  the  rinderpest  and  South  Coast  fever 
which  some  years  ago  decimated  the  herds  of  the 
country  to  the  extent  of  nearly  90  per  cent.  There 
is  some  difficulty  in  introducing  better  blood  into 
Cape  Colony  on  account  of  strict  veterinary  regula- 
tions, but  it  is  believed  that  the  next  decade  will 
nevertheless  see  a  very  large  increase  in  cattle  pro- 
duction in  various  parts. 


CHAPTER  XXIV. 
PRACTICAL  HERD  MANAGEMENT. 

This  volume  is  designed  purely  as  a  record  of 
accomplishments  in  the  Hereford  breeding  field,  and 
not  as  a  treatise  on  feeding  and  general  herd  man- 
agement. Nevertheless,  it  is  certain  to  come  into 
the  hands  of  beginners,  young  and  old,  who  may 
appreciate  some  practical  suggestions  on  the  hand- 
ling of  the  Herefords,  made  by  experienced  men. 
A  limited  number  of  pages  are  therefore  given  here- 
with to  a  presentation  of  brief  statements  specially 
prepared  for  this  purpose. 

Hints  from  "Tom"  Clark.— There  is  general 
recognition  of  the  far-reaching  influence  of  Thomas 
Clark  upon  the  fortunes  of  the  Hereford  in  the 
New  World.  During  his  long  and  active  association 
with  the  work  of  breeding,  feeding  and  showing  the 
' i white  faces/'  he  was  ever  in  the  front  rank  in 
point  of  actual  accomplishments.  He  is  now  retired 
so  far  as  enduring  the  heat  and  burden  of  the  day 
is  concerned,  but  as  steward  of  the  ring  at  the  Chi- 
cago International  he  annually  renews  his  youth  by 
maintaining  touch  with  those  who  are  now  bear- 
ing to  still  higher  levels  the  standard  of  the  breed 
which  he  did  so  much  to  uphold  in  bygone  days. 

997 


PRACTICAL    HERD    MANAGEMENT  999 

Asked  for  a  word  as  to  the  practical  management 
of  the  breeding  herd  he  replies: 

"In  regard  to  my  method  of  handling  a  breeding 
herd,  I  shall  first  of  all  tell  how  I  would  handle  the 
breeding  bull.  He  should  be  kept  in  good  breeding 
condition.  I  think  some  breeders  keep  their  breed- 
ing bulls  too  thin.  I  believe  a  bull  will  sire  calves 
with  stronger  constitutions  and  better  flesh  carriers 
if  he  is  maintained  in  good  flesh.  In  managing  my 
breeding  bulls  I  kept  them  away  from  the  cattle  as 
much  as  possible,  giving  them  good  roomy  stalls 
with  small  yards  adjoining  so  they  could  get  all 
the  exercise  needed  to  keep  them  straight  on  their 
legs  and  active.  I  fed  equal  parts  of  ground  corn 
and  oats  with  a  little  bran  and  oilmeal  added,  and 
fed  three  times  day  about  all  they  would  clean  up. 
But  be  sure  that  they  clean  it  up  at  all  times.  Also 
feed  good  sweet  hay;  I  prefer  clover  to  any  other 
kind. 

"I  managed  my  breeding  cows  as  follows:  I  pre- 
ferred to  breed  them  so  that  they  would  have 
calves  from  Jan.  1  to  April  1,  except  a  few  that  I 
wanted  to  have  calves  for  show  purposes.  Those  I 
would  breed  to  calve  from  Sept.  1  to  Jan.  1.  All 
cows  that  would  not  have  calves  until  February  and 
up  to  April  I  kept  alone  in  a  yard  with  an  open 
shed  well  bedded,  so  that  they  could  go  in  and  lie 
down  comfortably.  If  kept  in  that  way  they  are 
more  healthy  and  their  calves  will  be  stronger  and 
more  thrifty.  Besides  you  save  labor  and  feed.  I 
believe  that  the  less  you  move  cows  around  while 
pregnant  the  better.  Two  or  three  weeks  before 
they  were  due  to  calve  I  took  them  up  and  put  them 
in  loose  boxstalls,  and  fed  them  liberally  on  ground 
corn  and  oats  with  a  small  allowance  of  oilmeal. 
After  calving  let  the  calves  run  with  them  for  three 


1000  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

or  four  weeks  in  the  boxstalls  so  that  they  can 
suckle  whenever  they  wish.  But  I  would  turn  the 
cow  out  in  the  morning,  and  put  her  back  in  the 
stall  at  noon  and  feed  her  after  the  calf  had  nursed. 
Then  I  would  turn  her  out  again  until  evening,  when 
I  would  put  her  back  in  the  stall  for  the  night  with 
her  calf.  After  the  calf  is  four  weeks  old  separate 
cow  and  calf,  suckling  the  calf  twice  a  day.  Place 
shelled  corn  and  oats  in  a  trough  where  the  calf  can 
go  and  eat  at  will.  You  will  be  surprised  how  quick 
it  will  begin  to  eat. 

"When  grass  came  I  turned  cows  and  calves  out 
together  on  pasture  and  let  them  run  until  flies  got 
bad,  and  then  took  the  calves  up  and  fed  as  before, 
bringing  the  cows  in  mornings  and  evenings  and  let- 
ting the  calves  suck.  I  separated  my  bulls  from 
the  heifers,  and  fed  the  bulls  all  they  would  eat 
of  ground  corn  and  oats,  equal  parts,  with  a  little 
oilmeal. 

"I  would  not  breed  heifers  until  eighteen  to 
twenty  months  old,  so  as  to  have  them  near  three 
years  old  when  dropping  their  first  calves.  I  would 
breed  them  so  as  to  have  their  first  calves  in  the 
spring  if  possible,  in  order  to  get  them  quickly  on 
grass,  which  will  make  them  give  more  milk  for  the 
calves. ' ' 

John  Letham's  Experience. — It  is  now  near 
thirty  years  since  the  author  first  formed  the  ac- 
quaintance of  a  feeder  contending  for  honors  at  the 
old  Fat  Stocks  Shows  in  the  Chicago  Exposition 
Building  on  the  Lake  Front  who  impressed  him  as 
a  man  of  exceptional  capacity.  During  all  these 
years  this  acquaintance  has  been  continued,  and 
with  ever-increasing  respect  on  our  part  for  his 
judgment  in  all  that  pertains  to  sound  methods  of 


PRACTICAL   HERD   MANAGEMENT  1001 

beef  cattle  management.  We  refer  to  John  Letham. 
He  has  had  a  long  and  successful  experience,  and  we 
doubt  if  a  better  or  more  practical  statement  touch- 
ing the  right  handling  of  a  breeding  herd  has  ever 
been  put  on  paper  than  that  which  he  has  prepared 
at  the  author 's  request,  and  is  submitted  herewith  : 

"The  management  of  a  breeding  herd  is  not  a 
very  complex  problem  if  you  keep  close  to  nature. 


THE    WOODS     PRINCIPAL,    CHAMPION    BULLOCK    INTERNATIONAL   EXPO- 
SITION  1901— Bred   by   Geo.    P.    Henry   and   fed   by  John   Letham— 
Weighed  1,645  pounds   as  a  yearling:   sold   at  50c   per   pound. 

Abundant  pasture  and  pure  water  easily  reached  in 
summer,  well  ventilated  barns  for  the  cows  and 
young  calves  and  good,  dry,  well  bedded  open  sheds 
for  the  yearlings  and  two-year-olds  in  winter  are  all 
that  are  necessary  for  success.  If  these  simple  re- 
quirements were  followed  we  would  hear  but  little 
about  -abortion,  tuberculosis,  scours,  foul-feet  and 
many  of  the  troubles  that  plague  the  caretakers  and 


1002  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

dishearten  the  owners.  It  is  astonishing  in  going 
over  the  country  how  many  cattle  one  finds  which 
have  insufficient  pasture  and  filthy  water,  or  only 
water  at  intervals.  And  yet  they  are  expected  to 
make  good  returns  for  their  owners.  In  winter  the 
conditions  are  deplorable  even  with  men  who  mean 
well.  Many  of  the  costly  bank  barns  are  hotbeds 
of  disease.  Ventilation  was  never  once  considered  by 
the  architects  and  drainage  was  entirely  forgotten, 
even  where  the  cupola  is  a  work  of  art  resembling 
Joseph's  coat  of  many  colors.  Go  into  such  a  barn 
at  5  a.  m.,  where  50  to  100  cattle  are  housed.  The 
hot,  moist  atmosphere  meets  you;  it  is  past  being 
unsanitary;  it  is  impure,  death-dealing  to  man  and 
beast  alike.  At  8  a.  m.  these  cattle  are  turned  out 
into  a  yard  resembling  a  hog  wallow,  there  to  stand 
in  the  storm  or  zero  weather  till  4  p.  m.  And  breed- 
ers will  talk  about  having  bad  luck !  This  is  not  an 
overdrawn  picture.  It  is  only  too  common  and  sure- 
ly means  the  survival  of  the  fittest  in  the  end ! 

"When  managing  a  breeding  herd  the  bull  is 
half  the  herd  at  all  times,  so  we  turn  to  him  first. 
A  paddock  of  2  acres  or  less  with  a  comfortable 
shed  and  boxstall  in  one  end  makes  the  ideal  quar- 
ters for  the  herd  bull.  The  shed  should  have  a  loft 
above  to  hold  the  hay  and  straw,  so  as  to  be  handy 
in  winter  and  to  keep  it  cool  in  summer.  Then  you 
can  have  the  breeding  pit  under  cover  in  the  shed. 
In  many  of  the  states  no  door  is  necessary.  Let  it 
open  to  the  south  and  the  bull  will  generally  use 
good  judgment.  Should  the  young  bull  be  lonesome 
turn  a  cow  safe  in  calf  with  him  for  company.  In 
this  way  you  will  conserve  his  virility  and  lengthen 
his  life  and  usefulness.  Feed  him  enough  to  keep 
him  strong  and  vigorous  all  the  time  without  load- 
ing him  up  with  a  lot  of  superfluous  inside  fat  or  out- 
side tallow.  Blood,  bone  and  flesh  are  what  you 


PRACTICAL   HERD   MANAGEMENT  1003 

want  in  a  herd  bull.  'After  getting  his  growth  he 
should  never  vary  100  pounds  summer  or  winter. 
This  letting  down  and  building  up  procedure  is 
always  disastrous.  So  far  as  my  experience  goes 
the  single  service  gets  as  many  calves  as  the  double 
or  triple  service,  provided  the  cows  are  in  proper 
season  and  healthy.  A  radical  change  of  pasture 
during  a  dry  spell,  ergot  on  the  grass,  changing  to 
silage,  heavy  feeding  of  cottonseed  meal,  etc., 
have  been  the  causes  of  charging  up  many  a  bull 
with  unsatisfactory  service. 

* '  The  pregnant  cow  should  always  be  the  herds- 
man 's  special  care.  She  only  drops  one  a  year  on 
an  average.  To  save  a  good  calf  means  to  save  a 
large  part  of  the  herdsman 's  salary,  sometimes  a 
year's  salary.  And  right  here  is  where  you  find  the 
greatest  difference  in  herdsmen.  Keeping  the  cows 
bred  up  and  saving  the  calves,  far  more  than  makes 
or  loses  the  salaries  of  the  best  men.  When  the 
matron  that  is  due  has  been  on  grass  and  raised 
naturally  little  need  be  done,  the  calves  usually 
coming  strong  and  healthy.  The  calves  dropped  on 
the  green  sod  seldom  get  infected.  Of  course  you 
have  always  the  maggot,  the  screw  worm  or  coyote 
to  remember,  depending  on  your  location.  The 
commonest  evil  is  too  much  new  milk  at  birth.  Stale 
milk  has  killed  many  a  calf.  Therefore  see  to  it  the 
mother  is  properly  stripped  once  daily  even  at 
pasture,  and  more  especially  should  there  be  a  re- 
tention of  the  placenta.  It  is  astonishing  how  little 
the  calves  need  to  live  on  during  the  first  week  and 
how  much  damage  can  be  done  by  too  much,  espe- 
cially if  the  milk  is  stale  or  the  mother  at  all 
feverish.  In  winter  the  calf  cot  is  all-important.  It 
should  be  cleaned  and  aired  out  every  day  and  a 
little  slacked  lime  sprinkled.  It  is  always  worth 
what  it  cost  in  the  field.  Do  not  wait  till  your 


1004  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

calves  get  the  scours,  coughing,  wheezing  and  run- 
ning at  the  nose,  then  rush  to  town  for  disinfectants 
and  diarrhoea  medicine  and  have  a  general  house- 
cleaning  and  a  lot  of  sick  calves.  Prevention  is  al- 
ways wise. 

"The  young  calf  is  better  beside  the  dam  from  3 
to  6  weeks  of  age.  Then  it  can  be  put  in  the  calf 
cot  and  nursed  twice  daily,  12  hours  apart.  This 
is  especially  good  with  a  heifer 's  first  calf.  It  de- 
velops her  udder  and  makes  her  a  better  mother 
in  the  future.  Supply  the  calf  cot  with  the  choicest 
morsel  or  hay  and  have  shelled  corn,  oats,  bran  and 
a  little  oilcake  in  silage,  so  they  can  nibble  at  will. 
What  good  millers  they  are  and  how  they  enjoy 
doing  their  own  grinding!  But  a  word  of  caution 
about  silage:  Never  let  a  young  calf  get  frozen  or 
musty  silage.  Alfalfa  is  rapidly  replacing  roots 
and  silage,  but  I  still  believe  good  silage  the  best 
substitute  for  milk. 

"The  yearlings  and  two-year-olds  in  the  open 
sheds  need  lots  of  roughness  and  should  have  some 
grain.  Never  let  them  stop  growing  a  day  if  you 
expect  to  raise  good  young  cows  at  the  least  pos- 
sible expense.  And  remember  that  water  is  an  all- 
important  factor  in  winter  as  well  as  summer — not 
once  every  other  day  or  a  bellyful  of  ice  water  once 
a  day.  What  a  mint  of  money  is  lost  in  the  cattle 
business  in  this  country  for  want  of  water  summer 
and  winter! 

"Alfalfa  and  silage  are  rapidly  changing  feeding 
conditions  throughout  this  country  but  the  general 
principles  are  still  the  same.  It  is  still  the  good  herd 
bull  and  the  breeder  who  stays  close  to  nature, 
watching  the  little  details  which  the  other  breeder 
ignores,  that  forges  ahead  and  gets  the  ripe  persim- 
mons. 'The  eye  of  the  master  maketh  his  cattle  fat 
and  the  righteous  man  is  merciful  to  his  beast. ' 


PRACTICAI    HERD   MANAGEMENT  1005 

Scale,  Flesh  and  Fat. — Discussing  the  important 
subject  of  size  and  real  flesh  as  ^against  mere  outside 
fat,  the  veteran  English  breeder,  Mr.  John  Hill  of 
Felhampton  Court,  in  a  letter  written  to  the  author 
some  years  ago  commented  upon  type  and  the  points 
to  be  observed  in  his  judgment  in  selecting  breeding 
animals  in  language  which  we  deem  worthy  of 
preservation  here: 

1 '  About  the  time  of  what  may  be  called  the  l  Here- 
ford boom'  in  the  early  '80 's  there  were  several  pop- 
ular sires  which  were  especially  adapted  to  get  early- 
maturing  cattle,  and  their  progeny  were  unusually 
successful  in  the  showring.  Many  breeders  'went 
mad'  over  these  special  strains  and  further  set  the 
seal  on  a  type  which  had  an  extraordinary  aptitude 
to  fatten,  put  on  flesh  evenly,  and  mature  early.  Of 
course  this  is  exactly  what  is  wanted,  but  the  great- 
est possible  care  is  at  the  same  time  required  to  pre- 
serve scale  and  lean  meat,  and  this  was  too  often 
lost  sight  of  both  by  breeders  and  by  the  judges  in 
the  showring. 

"With  reference  to  breeding  for  scale,  it  may  be 
worth  noticing  that  in  old  days  when  the  breed  was 
remarkable  for  this  characteristic,  the  females  were 
not  usually  of  such  dimensions  as  might  have  been 
expected  that  the  dams  of  the  large  oxen  would 
have  been.  But  there  was  a  peculiar  look  about 
them  which  can  hardly  be  described,  which  expe- 
rienced cattlemen  can  at  once  recognize.  The  words, 
'she  looks  like  a  good  breeder,'  convey  a  particular 
meaning.  Such  cows  are  essentially  feminine  in 
their  appearance,  of  moderate  size,  with  well  sprung 
ribs,  roomy  bodies,  lengthy  hind-quarters,  often  light 
in  their  fore-quarters,  of  clean-cut  sweet-looking 
heads,  with  mild  intelligent  eyes.  Usually  she  car- 


1006  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

ries  a  good  bag  and  is  always  a  good  handler.  When 
looking  for  a  suitable  mate,  at  once  discard  any  bull 
that  has  not  got  a  good  masculine  head.  I  do  not  be- 
lieve that  an  effeminate-looking  bull,  however  good 
he  may  be  in  his  quality  and  carcass,  can  ever  make 
an  impressive  sire.  Some  few  of  them  may  get  heif- 
ers, but  never  in  my  experience  have  I  known  them  to 
get  good  bulls.  A  bull  should  carry  himself  majes- 
tically, and  'look  a  bull  all  over.'  " 

How  the  Harris  Herd  Is  Handled.— The  records  of 
latter-day  Hereford  breeding  in  the  United  States 
present  no  instance  of  outstanding  success  more  not- 
able than  that  afforded  by  Overton  Harris  and  his 
sons  with  their  Model  establishment  at  Harris,  Mo. 
Asked  for  a  brief  resume  of  the  methods  employed 
in  the  handling  of  their  cattle,  Mr.  Harris  says : 

"Our  Hereford  breeding  herd  since  its  establish- 
ment twenty  years  ago  has  been  handled  in  as  prac- 
tical and  economical  a  manner  as  we  have  known 
how  to  practice.  Our  pastures  are  more  or  less  pro- 
tected by  timber,  and  many  cows  in  our  herd  have 
never  seen  the  inside  of  a  barn  or  shed.  Located 
in  one  of  the  best  bluegrass  regions  of  the  world, 
the  summer  ration  of  our  herd  is  bluegrass — plenty 
of  it  and  nothing  else. 

"During  the  early  winter  stalk  fields  and  blue- 
grass  which  has  not  been  heavily  grazed  furnish  an 
abundance  of  feed.  Later,  corn  fodder,  clover  and 
timothy  hay  are  supplied  as  required  to  keep  the 
breeding  herd  in  strong  thrifty  condition.  In  the 
late  winter  and  early  spring  months  cows  that  are 
heavy  milkers,  and  we  have  many  such  in  our  herd, 
are  given  a  little  extra  feed — anything  in  the  form 
of  corn  chop  or  cottonseed.  We  find  that  the  rugged 
hardy  constitutions  of  the  Herefords  do  not  require 


1008  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

that  they  be  provided  with  expensive  barns  for  win- 
ter shelter;  in  fact,  we  do  not  even  find  it  necessary 
to  provide  sheds  of  any  kind  for  them.  We  have 
never,  even  during  the  most  severe  winters  known 
in  this  section  of  the  country,  found  it  necessary 
to  give  our  older  cattle  protection,  and  we  have  never 
had  losses  from  exposure.  By  this  method  our  breed- 
ing herd  is  carried  through  the  year  at  a  minimum 
cost  and  maintains  a  very  thrifty  and  healthy  con- 
dition. 

'  *  Calves,  except  those  intended  for  show  purposes, 
are  allowed  to  run  with  their  dams  on  the  pasture 
during  the  summer.  When  old  enough  to  wean  they 
are  placed  in  a  pasture  or  yard  by  themselves  and 
are  given  a  light  grain  ration  during  the  winter, 
and  except  in  the  most  severe  weather  are  never 
housed  at  all.  During  the  second  summer  bluegrass 
is  their  chief  diet  and  they  seldom  if  ever  taste  grain 
again.  Our  heifers  are  bred  at  from  eighteen  to 
twenty-four  months  of  age  and  it  is  seldom  that  we 
find  it  necessary  to  give  a  heifer  any  assistance  in 
the  way  of  feed  while  nursing  her  first  calf,  except 
what  she  gathers  herself.  Young  bulls  generally 
require  a  light  feed  of  grain  once  a  day  during  their 
second  summer  to  insure  the  best  development  and 
growth. 

"Our  herd  and  stock  bulls,  all  of  which  have  at 
some  time  been  grand  champions  in  the  leading 
shows,  are  not  kept  in  extremely  high  condition  after 
we  are  through  exhibiting  them.  They  have  the  run 
of  small  grass  paddocks.  This  gives  them  an  oppor- 
tunity for  plenty  of  exercise  and  an  abundance  of 
fresh  air  and  a  sun  shed,  our  aim  being  to  keep 
them  in  strong  vigorous  condition.  Beau  Donald 
5th,  now  sixteen  years  old,  has  been  handled  in  this 
manner  and  is  still  active  and  doing  good  service. 

"Our  experience  with  close  in-breeding  has  been 


PRACTICAL   HERD   MANAGEMENT  1009 

very  limited,  as  we  have  never  looked  with  a  great 
deal  of  favor  upon  such  a  practice.  It  is  our  belief 
that  it  should  only  be  undertaken  in  the  hands  of 
the  most  skillful  breeders,  and  then  only  with  such 
animals  as  are  practically  perfect  in  every  respect. 
We  have  never  kept  an  accurate  account  of  the  exact 
cost  of  maintaining  our  breeding  herd,  but  we  do 
know  that  our  Herefords  have  made  us  plenty  of 
money,  as  well  as  being  the  source  of-  a  great  deal 
of  pleasure  and  satisfaction. ' ' 

McCray's  Methods. — Warren  T.  McCray,  Kent- 
land,  Ind.,  has  by  common  consent  arrived  at  a  posi- 
tion in  the  Hereford  business  attained  by  but  few 
of  his  contemporaries.  This  is  scarcely  due  to  luck. 
Such  success  does  not  come  by  chance.  In  response 
to  a  request  for  a  word  as  to  the  general  line  of 
treatment  accorded  his  cattle  he  submits  the  fol- 
lowing: 

"  Regarding  the  management  and  feeding  of  a 
herd  I  would  suggest  that  one  of  the  most  necessary 
attributes  of  a  successful  cattle  manager  and  feeder 
is  a  liberal  endowment  of  good  wholesome  common- 
sense,  or  it  might  be  more  nearly  correct  to  say  good 
cattle-sense.  There  is  a  distinction  between  the  two 
that  comes  naturally  and  they  in  whom  the  two 
are  combined  are  the  most  successful  cattlemen.  I 
have  never  made  any  great  discovery  in  the  feed- 
ing and  management  of  my  herd.  One's  success  or 
failure  depends  upon  the  care  and  watchfulness  of 
the  feeder.  He  must  be  regular,  attentive  and  watch- 
ful. He  must  know  the  particular  characteristics 
of  each  animal  under  his  care  and  cater  to  them, 
so  that  the  animal  will  at  all  times  do  its  best. 

"I  am  a  great  believer  in  the  out-of-door  life  for 
the  breeding  herd.  Nature  has  made  laws  which 


1010  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

have  never  been  improved  upon  by  man.  The  only 
thing  to  watch  is  that  the  cattle  have  plenty  of  feed 
and  water.  Do  not  over-stock  the  pastures.  Leave 
plenty  of  feed  in  them  for  fall  and  winter.  Last 
winter  I  kept  a  bunch  of  dry  cows  on  a  good  blue- 
grass  pasture  until  the  middle  of  January  and  they 
were  as  fat  as  one  would  wish  when  removed. 

i  t  We  commence  feeding  our  calves  as  soon  as  they 
are  old  enough  to  eat  and  keep  this  up  until  they  are 
past  the  yearling  stage.  I  have  several  small  lots 
or  grass  paddocks  and  the  young  bulls  are  divided 
up  and  placed  in  these  over  night,  but  in  the  day 
time  they  are  put  in  their  stalls  to  protect  them 
from  the  flies  and  heat.  We  commence  to  breed  the 
heifers  when  they  are  from  twenty  to  twenty-four 
months  of  age,  and  begin  to  use  the  bulls  lightly 
when  they  are  about  fifteen  months  old.  I  have 
never  practiced  in-and-in-breeding  to  any  great  ex- 
tent as  I  always  considered  it  a  dangerous  proposi- 
tion. However,  I  am  now  conducting  some  experi- 
ments by  breeding  some  daughters  of  Perfection 
Fairfax  to  some  of  his  sons  which  had  dams  with 
a  decided  out-cross  and  whose  strong  characteristics 
I  want  to  maintain.  I  am  hoping  for  satisfactory 
results  but  at  this  time  I  am  not  qualified  to  speak 
from  experience  on  that  subject. 

"I  have  found  a  great  deal  of  pleasure  in  the  pur- 
suit of  cattle-breeding.  The  acquaintances  and 
friendships  formed  among  cattlemen  are  the  most 
loyal  and  lasting  that  can  be  made.  The  business 
has  also  been  most  profitable,  but  aside  from  this 
there  comes  great  pleasure  and  satisfaction  in  the 
feeling  that  one  is  really  doing  something  in  the 
world  that  is  worth  while,  in  trying  to  produce  and 
improve  an  animal  that  contributes  more  to  the  sup- 
port and  material  welfare  of  humanity  than  any 
other." 


1012  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Mr.  Hazlett's  Views.— Robert  H.  Hazlett,  Eldo- 
rado, Kans.,  is  known  as  one  of  the  close  students 
of  the  best  contemporary  methods  and  practices  in 
the  handling  of  Herefords  for  profit.  Out  of  the 
fullness  of  years  of  successful  practical  work,  in 
answer  to  our  appeal  for  some  hints  from  his  book 
of  experience  with  especial  reference  to  his  observa- 
tions as  to  the  effects  of  blood  concentration,  he 
writes : 

"I  shall  state  in  the  beginning  that  I  believe  in 
giving  the  young  animals  a  chance.  With  this  in 
view  I  try  to  grow  them  put  as  much  as  possible, 
keeping  them  at  all  times  in  good  thrifty  condition 
— not  striving  to  make  them  fat,  but  on  the  contrary 
to  produce  real  development  by  feeding  for  flesh, 
bone  and  size. 

4 'Speaking  of  the  heifers,  specially:  From  the 
time  they  are  weaned  they  are  kept  separate  from  all 
other  cattle,  in  pasture  in  summer  and  in  corrals, 
with  open  sheds  for  protection  from  storms,  in  win- 
ter. During  the  time  they  are  not  on  pasture  they 
are  fed  a  grain  ration  consisting  of  a  small  percent- 
age of  corn,  a  larger  percentage  of  barley  usually, 
and  a  considerably  larger  percentage  of  oats.  All 
this  feed  is  ground  and  fed  mixed  with  kafir  corn 
and  cane  silage  or  cut  cane  fodder  and  alfalfa  hay. 
In  addition  to  this  mixed  feed  they  have  as.  rough 
feed  cut  cane  and  alfalfa  hay  with  occasionally  a 
feed  of  prairie  hay  as  a  change  of  ration.  They  get 
practically  no  grain  during  the  summer,  although 
at  times  when  the  weather  is  dry  and  the  grass  not 
very  nutritious  it  is  necessary  in  order  to  keep  them 
in  condition  to  give  those  under  one  year  old  a  light 
feed  of  grain  once  a  day.  The  older  ones  have  no 
grain  in  summer.  It  is  my  opinion  that  better  breed- 


PRACTICAL   HERD   MANAGEMENT  1013 

ing  animals  result  from  being  handled  in  this  way 
than  if  they  are  allowed  to  become  stunted  in  any 
degree  because  of  lack  of  proper  nourishment  during 
the  developing  period. 

"After  the  breeding  CQWS  are  two  years  old,  with 
an  occasional  individual  exception  for  a  short  time, 
they  get  no  grain  ration  whatever,  either  summer 
or  winter.  They  have  the  bluestem  grass  pasture 
for  summer  feeding  and  are  wintered  mainly  on 
sorghum  and  alfalfa.  Most  of  this  feed  is  run 
through  the  cutter,  and  lately  the  sorghum  is  fed 
in  the  form  of  silage.  Except  those  near  calving  and 
those  having  young  calves,  the  cows  are  not  put  in 
barns  at  all,  but  for  protection  run  to  sheds  open  to 
the  south  during  the  winter  months.  Whether  in 
pastures  in  summer  or  in  lots  in  winter,  I  like  to 
keep  the  aged  cows,  two-year-old  heifers,  yearling 
heifers  and  heifer  calves  separate. 

"The  bull  calves  are  fed  and  handled  in  much  the 
same  way  as  the  heifers,  except  that  they  are  not 
allowed  to  run  with  the  dams  in  pastures  beyond 
the  time  they  are  around  four  to  five  months  old. 
After  that  and  until  they  are  weaned  they  are  kept 
in  lots  near  the  barn,  the  cows  being  brought  in  and 
the  calves  suckled  twice  a  day.  After  being  weaned 
they  are  not  fed  in  open  lots  as  are  the  heifers  but 
are  tied  up  and  fed,  each  one  by  himself.  We  have 
what  we  call  a  i  bull  barn '  for  these  weanlings  where 
they  remain  until  sold.  Around  this  barn  are  sev- 
eral lots  in  which  these  calves  are  kept,  a  few  in 
each  lot.  They  are  in  these  open  lots  practically 
all  the  time,  except  when  brought  in  for  their  feed 
of  grain.  I  find  that  they  do  better  when  I  feed 
them  separately  in  this  way  than  when  I  attempt  to 
feed  a  number  of  them  together.  In  the  open  pens 
they  get  the  benefit  of  fresh  air,  sunshine  and  exer- 
cise. 


PRACTICAL    HERD    MANAGEMENT  1015 

"From  the  time  our  herd  bulls  are  from  twenty- 
four  to  thirty  months  old,  being  practically  matured, 
they  have  a  very  light  grain  ration,  usually  once  a 
day,  with  alfalfa  hay,  prairie  hay  and  cane  fodder. 
Each  has  a  separate  lot  and  an  open  shed,  never 
being  kept  in  barns.  They  are  not  kept  fat,  but  in 
good  thrifty  condition. 

* '  My  first  purchase  of  purebred  Heref  ords  was  that 
of  an  entire  herd  consisting  of  only  fourteen  females, 
cows,  heifers  and  heifer  calves,  and  two  bull  calves. 
One  of  the  cows  was  by  Stonemason  by  Beau  Real 
by  Anxiety  4th.  This  cow  was  the  dam  of  one  of 
the  bull  calves,  his  sire  being  Wild  Beau  by  Beau 
Eeal.  Wild  Beau  was  a  full  brother  to  the  famous 
Wild  Tom.  All  the  younger  females  in  the  little 
herd  were  sired  by  Wild  Beau.  I  retained  this  calf, 
out  of  the  Stonemason  cow,  and  used  him  on  all  the 
cows  and  heifers  except  his  dam.  I  was  without  ex- 
perience as  a  breeder  at  that  time  and  knew  practi- 
cally nothing  of  different  bloodlines  or  the  different 
families,  but  the  results  of  this  very  conservative 
close  breeding  were  quite  satisfactory  and  my  young 
bulls  found  ready  sale  at  fair  prices  from  the  begin- 
ning. I  did  not  offer  for  sale  any  of  the  cows  or 
heifers. 

* '  To  avoid  breeding  heifers  to  their  own  sire  I 
soon  bought  another  bull,  a  very  good  individual 
with  a  greater  concentration  of  Anxiety  4th  blood 
than  anything  in  my  herd  at  that  time,  and  the  re- 
sults from  his  use  proved  very  satisfactory.  In  fact, 
there  is  no  doubt  but  that  there  was  an  improvement 
in  the  produce  of  my  herd  from  his  use.  Later,  when 
the  heifers  sired  by  this  bull  were  coming  of  an 
age  to  be  bred,  having  the  prevailing  idea  that  too 
close  breeding  was  to  be  avoided  I  bought  two  young 
bulls  of  different  breeding  from  my  cows  and  from 
each  other.  One  of  them  was  a  son  of  a  famous  show 


1016  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

bull.  Each  was  a  good  individual  and  of  a  family 
very  popular  at  the  time.  These  were  used  in  the 
herd  but  with  quite  disappointing  results,  so  much 
so  that  I  disposed  of  both  of  them.  Before  they 
were  sold,  but  after  I  had  decided  to  dispose  of 
them,  I  bought  a  third  out-cross,  a  show  bull  with 
quite  a  record,  a  half-brother  on  his  sire's  side  to 
a  very  famous  prize-winner  which  was  grand  cham- 
pion at  the  larger  state  fairs,  the  American  Eoyal, 
and  the  International.  This  purchase  was  also  an 
outstanding  individual,  but  the  results  in  my  herd 
from  his  use  were  even  more  disappointing  than 
those  from  the  use  of  the  two  preceding  him  and 
he  also  was  disposed  of.  I  then  decided  to  return 
to  the  Anxiety  4th  breeding  through  sons  of  Beau 
Brummel  and  others  tracing  to  Don  Carlos,  by 
Anxiety  4th,  and  have  continued  in  the  same  line 
to  the  present  time. 

4  *  From  my  experience  with  out-crosses  I  am  com- 
pelled to  believe  that  whatever  success  I  may  have 
attained  as  a  breeder  is  due  largely  to  the  fact  of 
persistent  close-breeding.  At  least,  so  far  the  re- 
sults of  such  close-breeding  as  has  been  practiced 
at  Hazford  Place  have  been  very  satisfactory.  Un- 
doubtedly some  other  elements  have  incidentally 
entered  in,  for  instance,  selection  and  environment. 
Both  of  these,  however,  are  necessary  to  real  suc- 
cessful constructive  breeding  in  any  herd. 

"While  it  may  possibly  be  true  that  the  persist- 
ent promiscuous  breeding  of  closely  related  animals, 
without  discrimination  or  selection,  may  bring 
greater  disaster  than  the  persistent  mating  of  pro- 
miscuously bred  animals,  yet  from  my  observation 
and  experience,  if  only  worthy  animals,  those  of 
good  conformation,  quality  and  breed  character,  are 
used  for  breeding  purposes  the  ultimate  results  are 
bound  to  be  better  in  the  closely  bred  herd,  produc- 


Copyright  photo  by  Parsons 
LORD  COVENTRY'S   DOLLY  MOUNT— ROYAL  CHAMPION   OF  1911. 


Copyright  photo  by  Parsons 
SHOTOVER  AND  BULL  CALF— JOHN  TUDGE'S  ROYAL  CHAMPION  OF  1904. 


1018  A   HISTORY   OF    HEREFORD    CATTLE 

ing  offspring  more  uniform  in  type  and  more  uni- 
formly equal  or  superior  to  either  sire  or  dam.  After 
all,  this  is  only  another  way  of  saying  that  'like  be- 
gets like  or  the  like  of  some  ancestor.' 

"If  it  is  possible  that  close-breeding  in  itself  will 
produce  a  weakness  or  defect  in  the  offspring  when 
both  sire  and  dam  are  of  outstanding  merit,  neither 
having  this  weakness  or  defect  and  both  tracing 
back  to  the  same  ancestors  of  equal  merit,  there  must 
be  for  such  a  result  a  demonstrable  scientific  reason. 
So  far  investigators  and  students  of  the  science  of 
breeding  have  not  discovered  any  physiological  or 
other  scientific  reason.  If  neither  sire  nor  dam, 
however  closely  related,  has  a  certain  or  particular 
defect  or  weakness  and  none  of  their  ancestors  has 
been  affected  with  such  defect  or  weakness  their 
offspring  will  not  have  it  as  a  result  of  this  mating. 
The  quite  common  notion  that  it  is  otherwise,  and 
that  defects  and  weaknesses  are  the  necessary  re- 
sults of  blood  concentration,  undoubtedly  had  its 
origin  in  sentiment  and  survives  on  '  common  report, ' 
scarcely  anyone  having  attempted  to  solve  the  prob- 
lem by  persistent,  patient,  personal  effort. 

1 '  Custom  may  make  law,  but  tradition  never  estab- 
lished or  created  a  physical  or  scientific  fact,  nor  can 
folk-lore  make  or  change  a  law  of  nature. ' ' 

Tow's  Practical  Work. — Cyrus  A.  Tow  has  to 
his  credit  a  marked  success  in  breeding  and  devel- 
opment of  "  classy "  Herefords  in  the  recent  past. 
In  fact,  he  has  proved  quite  a  " disturber"  in  the 
calculations  of  his  competitors  at  leading  shows. 
He  tells  the  story  of  the  breeding  of  his  cattle  in 
simple  language: 

"It  is  about  eight  years  ago  since  I  became  the 
owner  of  my  first  registered  Hereford  cow.  It  was 


PRACTICAL    HERD    MANAGEMENT  1019 

bread  and  butter  with  me,  so  every  cow  had  to 
make  good.  The  cows  of  .breeding  age  will  care 
for  themselves  if  given  half  a  chance.  We  always 
aim  to  care  well  for  the  younger  ones.  Our  cows 
are  all  run  on  grass  in  summer  and  those  giving 
milk  or  heavy  in  calf  are  housed  in  winter.  We 
feed  nice  clean  oat  straw  in  connection  with  silage 
for  winter  roughness.  The  young  calves  and  year- 
lings are  always  run  in  paddocks  around  the  barn 
where  they  get  their  feed.  We  always  keep  our 
calves  separate  from  their  dams.  They  are  suckled 
in  barns  or  yards.  Our  yearling  heifers  and  short 
two-year-olds  are  left  to  run  in  open  sheds  in  winter 
and  are  fed  their  silage  and  hay  in  racks.  We 
breed  everything  at  the  halter  and  never  breed  a 
heifer  younger  than  nineteen  months.  Our  young 
bull  calves  are  separated  from  the  heifer  calves  at 
about  four  months  old.  We  try  and  grow  them  all 
alike,  giving  them  all  an  equally  good  chance  to  make 
good.  Our  herd  bulls  are  housed  in  winter  and 
grained  daily  the  year  around,  except  for  only  a 
few  months  in  summer  when  grass  is  good  their 
grain  may  be  shut  off.  They  have  boxstalls  to  run 
in  when  in  the  barns. 

"In  regard  to  the  'doubling  in'  of  blood  in  the 
breeding  of  cattle,  I  am  very  much  opposed  to  the 
practice  as  a  general  proposition.  I  know  that  in 
some  cases  it  has  brought  good  ones,  but  we  some- 
times forget  to  mention  the  cases  where  it  has 
failed.  I  may  add  that  the  cattle  business  has  been 
a  success  with  me  thus  far,  and  I  believe  that  the 
beef  cow  is  as  sound  an  investment  as  a  farmer  can 
make. ' ' 

Bluegrass  Management. — Luce  &  Moxley,  Shelby- 
ville,  Ky.,  of  Prince  Eupert  fame,  figure  prominently 
in  the  showyard  annals  of  recent  years  in  all  the 


1020  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

great  competitions.  Their  success  in  the  bluegrass 
country  has  been  pronounced.  Mr.  Moxley  briefly 
outlines  their  herd  management  in  the  following 
terms: 

"In  this  part  of  the  state  we  usually  have  good 
bluegrass  for  grazing  from  May  to  middle  of  Decem- 
ber. Our  Herefords  need  no  attention  as  far  as 
feeding  goes  during  this  season.  The  calves  that 
come  during  this  season  are  left  with  their  dams 
until  bad  weather  comes,  when  they  are  taken  to 
the  barn  and  if  old  enough  are  weaned  and  fed  a 
mixture  of  corn,  oats,  bran,  and  either  cottonseed 
meal  or  oilmeal. 

"The  cows  with  calves  at  side  are  fed  silage, 
cottonseed  meal  and  a  little  hay.  These  cows  are 
kept  up  at  night  and  run  to  shock  fodder  in  the  day- 
time if  the  weather  is  not  too  bad.  The  dry  cows 
are  left  out  and  run  to  a  strawrick  and  shock  fodder, 
unless  we  have  a  mean  spell  of  weather,  then  they 
are  fed  a  little  hay.  We  aim  to  start  our  cows  into 
the  winter  in  the  best  shape  possible.  The  cows 
that  calve  in  the  early  spring  are  taken  up  a  month 
before  calving  and  fed  the  same  as  the  cows  with 
calves  at  side.  By  putting  the  younger  calves  in 
pens  with  older  ones  they  soon,  begin  to  eat  a  little 
feed.  We  take  the  best  of  care  of  our  calves  until 
they  are  about  fifteen  months  old.  It  is  our  expe- 
rience that  if  we  do  this  we  have  very  few  of  the 
cheap  kind.  All  of  our  breeding  is  done  by  halter. 
We  have  a  small  herd  and  find  this  plan  quite  satis- 
factory. ' ' 

Fitting  for  Show. — The  selection  and  making-up 
of  cattle  to  be  entered  in  the  public  competitions  is 
not  a  topic  that  lends  itself  readily  to  treatment  in 
cold  type.  No  hard  and  fast  rules  can  be  given. 


PRACTICAL   HERD   MANAGEMENT  1021 

Especially  is  this  true  of  any  attempt  at  giving  ex- 
plicit directions  governing  the  feeding  of  the  ani- 
mals intended  for  show  or  sale.  And  yet  there  is 
constant  call  for  suggestions  upon  this  subject  from 
those  who  are  without  experience. 

An  Old-time  Herdsman  Speaks. — The  name  of  Jim 
Powell  is  often  mentioned  in  preceding  chapters  of 
this  volume.  None  among  the  older  generation  of 
feeders  is  better  qualified  to  talk  upon  this  subject 
than  he.  We  are  glad  to  give  space  to  a  short  dis- 
course from  him,  prepared  at  our  request : 

* '  In  starting  to  select  a  herd  for  showing  I  should 
get  yearlings.  In  selecting  these  get  smooth  heif- 
ers with  plenty  of  size,  something  that  will  make 
big  cows.  I  would  notice  especially  that  they  had 
good  heads,  with  not  too  large  horns,  and  that  they 
were  good  in  their  heart-girths,  and  had  good  level 
backs  with  straight  hind-quarters,  and  that  they 
came  down  well  in  the  round  and  that  the  tail  was 
not  set  on  too  high.  I  would  try  to  get  them  as 
near  the  same  size  and  type  as  possible. 

"Upon  the  selection  of  the  bull  a  great  deal  de- 
pends, for  he  is  more  than  half  the  herd.  You  want 
a  bull  to  have  a  good  bull's  head,  not  feminine,  wide 
between  the  horns,  and  with  a  short  thick  neck.  He 
should  be  wide  between  the  legs,  with  a  good  com- 
pact brisket.  Be  sure  that  he  has  good  big  bone; 
something  that  can  carry  weight.  Another  very  im- 
portant point  to  notice  is  that  he  is  good  in  the 
heart-girth,  and  has  a  good  level  back  and  straight 
quarters.  He  should  have  a  good  thick  mellow  hide 
with  good  coat  of  hair,  which  denotes  the  good 
feeder. 

"In  feeding  a  herd  I  have  found  that  corn  and  oats 


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STEPHEN   ROBINSON. 


PRACTICAL   HERD   MANAGEMENT  1023 

ground  together  in  the  proportion  of  two-thirds  corn 
and  one-third  oats  is  a  good  winter  feed.  Alfalfa, 
timothy  or  clover  make  good  roughness.  In  the 
summer  I  would  reverse  the  ratio,  making  it  one- 
third  corn  and  two-thirds  oats.  In  starting  a  young 
herd  about  2  quarts  of  chops,  1  of  bran  and  a  half 
pound  of  cottonseed  cake  three  times  a  day  is  a  good 
feed.  This  can  be  increased  to  4  quarts  of  chops  as 
soon  as  the  cattle  get  on  their  feed.  However,  dif- 
ferent animals  vary  so  much  in  the  amount  of  feed 
they  require,  that  it  is  impossible  to  give  any  stated 
quantity.  Always  be  sure  your  feed-boxes  are  empty 
before  feeding,  as  cleanliness  is  important.  Never 
give  an  animal  more  than  it  will  clean  up.  If  any 
is  left  in  the  box,  take  it  out  before  feeding  again. 
If  they  do  not  seem  anxious  for  their  feed  skip  a 
meal.  A  little  sulphur  with  their  feed  twice  a  week 
is  good  to  give  them  an  appetite  and  also  to  keep 
them  healthy. 

' '  Now,  I  think  calves  should  have  nothing  but  the 
cows'  milk  until  they  are  three  months  old.  Then 
commence  to  feed  a  little  cottonseed  cake,  with  oats 
and  bran,  as  I  think  cake  is  the  next  thing  to  milk 
for  young  calves.  When  they  are  six  months  old, 
they  should  have  about  2  quarts  of  oats  and  bran 
and  a  half  pound  of  cake  three  times  a  day,  besides 
the  cows'  milk.  Then  they  will  not  lose  their  calf 
fat  after  weaning. 

' l  In  training  young  cattle  much  patience  and  time 
are  required.  In  the  first  place  tie  them  up  in  their 
stalls  and  handle  them  in  there.  Then  commence 
leading  them  out.  Have  a  buggy  whip  in  your  hand 
and  make  them  stand  when  you  want  them  to.  A 
light  cut  on  the  nose  will  do  this.  Try  to  make  them 
stand  with  their  front  feet  well  under  them,  not 
spread  apart,  and  then  they  will  show  a  good  level 
back.  Make  them  stand  at  ease.  Do  not  try  to 


1024  A    HISTORY   OF    HEREFORD    CATTLE 

do  too  much  at  once,  as  the  calf  may  become  sulky. 
They  should  have  plenty  of  exercise. 

"The  young  bull  should  have  a  boxstall,  with  a 
good  yard  to  run  out  in,  so  as  to  keep  him  good  on 
his  feet.  In  the  spring,  when  the  grass  is  good,  I 
would  let  the  herd  run  out  day  and  night,  feeding 
them  twice  a  day.  When  the  weather  gets  warmer 
I  would  keep  them  in  by  day  and  turn  them  out  by 
night. 

"When  the  herd  is  brought  back  from  the  fairs 
great  care  must  be  taken  to  let  them  down  easily. 
Feed  twice  a  day,  taking  away  about  one-third  of 
the  feed.  In  a  week  or  two,  this  may  be  cut  down 
to  one-half.  But  do  not  stop  feeding,  as  you  want 
to  keep  your  herd  in  good  thriving  condition.  In 
place  of  the  corn  chops,  I  would  now  feed  about  2 
pounds  of  cake  with  roughness,  and  this  should 
carry  a  herd  through. ' ' 

Ed.  Taylor's  Views. — Edward  J.  Taylor  has  not 
only  picked  and  trained  champions,  but  is  often 
called  to  pass  upon  the  entries  in  the  great  show- 
yards  of  these  modern  days.  He  has  kindly  set 
down  his  views  on  the  preparation  of  cattle  for  exhi- 
bition purposes  as  herewith  submitted: 

"Much  has  been  written  from  time  to  time  regard- 
ing the  fitting  and  handling  of  cattle  in  preparation 
for  the  showring,  and  few  trainers  agree  as  to  the 
variety  of  feeds  and  methods  pursued  in  the  under- 
taking. Like  the  old  lady  who  kissed  her  cow,  it's 
everyone  to  their  notion.  There  are  no  set  rules  to 
work  by.  Animals  differ  very  materially  in  their 
dispositions,  aptitude  to  fatten,  etc.  But  there  are  a 
few  fundamental  principles  which  apply  quite  gen- 
erally to  the  art. 

"First  of  all,  the  man  must  be  in  love  with  his 
occupation  and  charges,  and  gain  their  confidence. 


PRACTICAL   HERD   MANAGEMENT  1025 

He  should  also  be  a  good  and  impartial  judge,  and 
as  quick  to  see  the  defects  in  his  own  cattle  as  in 
those  of  others.  One  who  gets  so  enraptured  with 
his  own  as  to  think  they  are  the  only  pebbles  on  the 
beach  is  sure  to  be  a  bad  loser,  or  as  Burns  puts  it: 
If  nature  'd  but  the  'giftie  gie  us,  to  see  oursels  as 
ithers  see  us/  Eternal  vigilance  must  be  the  fit- 
ter's watchword,  and  regularity  and  system  cut  no 
small  figure  in  the  game. 
i 'Having  selected  the  prospective  winners  and 

Erovided  comfortable  quarters,  a  light,  well-venti- 
ited  basement,  with  well-bedded,  roomy  boxstalls, 
makes  a  nice  place  and  he  should  be  ready  for  busi- 
ness. In  fly  time  the  windows  may  be  curtained 
through  the  heat  of  the  day,  and  no  unnecessary 
disturbance  should  be  allowed  around. 

"I  think  that  the  calves  are  the  easiest  fitted  mem- 
bers of  the  herd,  and  I  shall  touch  on  them  first. 
Given  plenty  of  milk  and  a  mixture  of  grains,  if 
they  are  of  the  right  kind  they  will  put  on  plenty 
of  bloom.  Calves  seem  to  have  a  weakness  for 
shelled  corn,  and  this  mixed  with  equal  parts  of 
ground  oats  and  bran  and  kept  where  they  can  have 
access  to  it  at  will  for  the  first  three  or  four  months 
of  their  lives  will  put  them  in  shape  so  that  one 
can  select  those  most  likely.  Occasionally  an  out- 
stander  puts  in  an  appearance,  about  which  there  is 
no  question  when  only  a  day  or  two  old,  but  this 
is  the  exception  rather  than  the  rule.  When  the 
calves  are  about  four  months  old  I  think  it  better 
to  feed  the  corn  ground,  and  add  a  small  amount 
of  oilmeal,  feeding  what  they  will  clean  up  at  once. 
Absolute  cleanliness  of  feed-boxes  and  stalls  is  es- 
sential with  all,  especially  with  calves.. 

"The  yearlings  receive  similar  treatment  to  the 
calves.  Some  prefer  to  continue  with  the  milk  por- 
tion of  the  ration  while  others  think  it  time  to  call 


1026  A   HISTORY   OF    HEREFORD    CATTLE 

• 

a  halt  when  they  graduate  from  the  calf  class.  With 
a  few  exceptions  I  usually  followed  the  latter  course. 
It  is  when  he  gets  to  the  two-year-old  and  older 
cattle  that  a  fitter's  discretion  is  put  to  the  test,  and 
right  here  many  a  one  has  met  his  Waterloo.  The 
time  has  come  now  when  corn  must  be  handed  out 
sparingly.  More  oats,  a  little  barley  if  obtainable, 
succulent  feeds  such  as  roots,  and  anything  that  will 
aid  them  to  hold  their  own  without  a  tendency  to 
obesity  or  patchiness  should  be  used.  Ground  or 
cracked  wheat  is  very  helpful  at  this  stage,  but 
should  be  fed  sparingly  to  start  with.  A  double 
handful  of  bright  clover  hay,  cut  fine  with  a  chaff 
cutter  and  mixed  with  each  feed  of  grain,  lightens  the 
ration  and  makes  it  more  easily  assimilated  in  hot 
weather.  I  prefer  to  dampen  the  feed  just  enough  to 
make  it  gritty,  not  sloppy. 

"  Exercise  is  a  very  important  matter.  A  small 
pasture  lot  handy  to  the  barn  so  that  the  females 
can  run  out  nights  through  the  hot  weather,  and  suit- 
able yards  for  the  bulls  are  indispensable.  All 
should  be  well  halter-broken  and  taught  to  stand 
properly  and  show  to  best  advantage.  The  feet 
should  have  close  attention  and  be  trimmed  when 
necessary.  The  coat  and  skin  must  be  kept  clean 
by  brushing  and  dampening  occasionally;  too  fre- 
quent washing  dries  the  hair  and  causes  it  to  become 
thin.  I  never  advocate  rasping  and  paring  the  horns 
and  polishing  as  we  so  often  see  them;  it  savors 
too  much  of  the  artificial.  I  think  they  look  more 
natural  with  the  rough  shell  and  scratches  taken  out, 
and  just  wiped  over  with  an  oiled  rag. 

' '  There  are  many  small  details  in  connection  with 
the  business,  and  it  is  a  difficult  matter  to  touch  on 
all,  but  I  have  tried  to  cover  the  ground  in  a  general 
way.  When  a  boy  at  home  I  have  often  heard  my 
father  say,  '  One-half  goes  in  at  the  mouth. '  And 


PRACTICAL  HERD  MANAGEMENT  1027 

while  there  is  a  good  deal  of  truth  in  the  assertion 
I  think  that  is  a  pretty  big  percentage.  As  an  illus- 
tration I  recall  a  remark  made  by  my  old  friend 
Robert  Ewart,  of  Browndale  fame,  in  regard  to  a 
cow  I  was  showing  at  the  Minnesota  State  Fair  some 
years  ago.  In  those  days  all  breeds  competed  for 
championship-by-ages  and  she  was  a  formidable 
candidate  for  that  honor.  After  looking  her  over 
carefully  he  turned  to  me  and  said,  'If  the  old  bull 
(meaning  her  sire)  had  done  half  as  much  for  her 
as  you  have,  she  would  be  a  world  beater. ' 

'  Mn  preparing  cattle  for  the  auction  ring  the  chief 
object  is  to  have  them  in  as  good  flesh  and  as  pre- 
sentable as  possible.  Fat  hides  a  multiplicity  of 
faults,  and  while  many  breeders  claim  to  discrim- 
inate against  highly  finished  animals  for  breeding 
I  notice  these  are  invariably  the  ones  which  com- 
mand the  highest  prices.  Whenever  a  sale  falls 
flat  and  prices  rule  low  the  reporter's  comments 
usually  state  the  cattle  were  too  thin  to  warrant  the 
appreciation  they  deserved,  or  something  to  that 
effect.  So  there  is  little  to  be  said  other  than  to 
have  each  lot  number  in  good  consistent  breeding 
condition  (not  overburdened,  of  course),  well  broken 
to  the  halter.  Having  been  washed  a  day  or  two 
previous,  and  -their  coats  dressed  up  for  the  occa- 
sion, they  should  present  a  good  appearance  and 
bring  their  full  value.  The  vendor  who  values  his 
reputation  will  of  course  guarantee  all  animals  to 
be  breeders." 

"Jim"  Hendry  Heard. — The  extraordinary  success 

attained  by  the  Beau  Donald  and  Perfection  Fair- 
fax cattle  in  the  hands  of  James  Hendry  is  so  uni- 
versally recognized,  that  the  matter  herewith  ap- 
pended, setting  forth  a  few  of  the  ideas  of  that  astute 
herdsman  on  the  subject  of  training  cattle  for  the 


GeorgeShand  \ 


\  George  tiendry  \ 


PRACTICAL  HERD  MANAGEMENT  1029 

showring,  will  undoubtedly  be  read  with  interest  by 
all  who  follow  the  fortunes  of  the  breed  in  public 
competitions. 

"I  came  to  America  in  1892.  Before  I  came 
to  this  country  my  experience  with  cattle  was  very 
little,  but  what  I  had  was  with  Angus,  with  Alex. 
Geddes,  Blairmore,  Glass.  I  started  with  the  Here- 
fords  at  Greenwood,  Mo.  I  was  but  a  helper  then. 
The  first  summer  I  used  to  wish  I  had  the  cattle 
back  in  Scotland  away  from  flies  and  heat.  But 
as  fall  crept  on  and  homesickness  left  me  I  began 
to  see  I  was  mistaken.  The  old  imported  cows  came 
up  in  the  fall  so  fat  and  sleek,  and  the  nice  curly 
calves  by  their  sides  made  me  think  I  was  in  the 
land  of  promise  and  made  me  forget  heat  and  flies. 

"I  went  to  Kentucky  in  the  fall  of  1901  to  take 
charge  of  the  Beau  Donalds  and  Mr.  Curtice  had  a 
line-up  of  calves  which  was  very  easy  to  pick  from. 
They  were  low-down,  chunky  fellows  with  coats  of 
hair  like  velvet.  I  always  try  to  get  a  calf  with 
good  back,  not  too  long  coupled,  nice  short  head  and 
good  straight  hind  legs.  I  commence  as  soon  as  I 
think  the  dam  is  not  giving  enough  milk  and  help 
out  with  a  nurse  cow — not  too  much  to  start  with, 
one  nurse  cow  between  two  calves  until  grass.  Then 
if  prospects  are  good  for  show  calves,  which  can  be 
told  by  this  time,  I  give  them  a  fresh  nurse  cow  and 
dry  up  the  dams.  When  about  six  weeks  old  I 
commence  to  put  a  little  cracked  corn  and  oats  in 
a  trough  where  they  can  learn  to  eat.  In  summer 
time  I  keep  them  in  a  dark,  clean,  cool  stall  away 
from  flies,  with  plenty  of  water  beside  them.  But 
in  the  winter  months  I  turn  them  out  in  a  dry  lot 
with  plenty  of  sunshine.  But  do  not  stand  them  in 
the  mud  a  foot  deep  all  day  and  expect  them  to  do 
their  best.  The  better  care  and  feed  you  give  them 


1030  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

the  first  year  of  their  life  the  better  herd  of  cattle 
you  have.  It  does  not  take  so  much  when  they  are 
calves.  Remember,  it  is  not  every  calf  that  comes 
up  to  my  estimation  as  a  show  calf  by  any  means, 
because  they  have  to  have  a  good  constitution  and 
stand  up  to  every  meal  and  bawl  for  the  nurse  cow. 
Bull  calves  are  harder  to  handle  than  heifers.  They 
are  more  restless  and  sometimes  you  have  to  put 
them  in  single  boxstalls  or  tie  them  up. 

"And  for  fitting  older  cattle  I  might  say  a  good 
deal.  But  of  course  there  are  differences  in  cattle. 
Some  get  too  hard  and  the  next  too  soft,  so  one  has 
to  gauge  the  different  feeds  on  them.  I  do  not  be- 
lieve in  too  much  corn.  More  breeding  cattle  are 
ruined  on  corn  than  anything  else.  I  generally 
mix  my  feed — bran,  100  pounds;  corn,  150  pounds; 
oats,  150  pounds;  cut  hay,  30  pounds,  and  oilmeal, 
10  pounds.  Towards  show  time  I  add  a  little  mo- 
lasses or  something  sweet  and  it  makes  them  eat  a 
little  more.  And  it  helps  their  hair  to  grow.  But 
remember,  never  feed  them  more  than  they  will 
clean  up  at  any  time.  Water  is  as  important  as  feed, 
as  they  have  to  get  plenty  all  the  time.  Keep  your 
stalls  clean  and  well  disinfected  all  the  time,  because 
they  love  a  good  clean  stall  the  same  as  we  do  a 
bed.  In  your  spare  time  in  winter  get  a  good  stiff 
brush  and  brush  them,  as  it  makes  the  hair  soft 
and  curly.  Use  it  as  much  as  possible  against  the 
hair.  Some  people  try  to  say  that  too  much  brush- 
ing will  take  out  the  hair,  but  I  have  never  found  it 
that  way,  as  the  more  brushing  you  give  them  the 
better  fix  you  get  their  hair  in.  I  do  not  mean  to 
use  a  curry-comb  but  a  good  stiff  brush.  A  curry- 
comb is  liable  to  pull  out  the  hair. 

"  As  show  time  draws  near  wash  them  once  a  week. 
It  helps  them  and  also  the  calves.  It  breaks  them 
so  that  when  you  wash  them  at  the  fair  they  are 


Copyright  photo  by 
ROB  ROY,  CHAMPION  AT  THE  ROYAL  SHOWS  OP  1908-9. 


Copyright  photo  by 
CAMERONIAN.   CHAMPION  AT  THE  ROYAL  OP  1906. 


L032  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Qot  so  liable  to  get  homesick  as  the  calf  generally 
does  the  first  two  weeks  after  you  leave  home.  The 
best  way  to  fit  a  herd  is  to  stay  right  with  it  and 
raise  your  calves  and  keep  showing  them  until  they 
are  mature  cattle.  Then  you  can  see  something  you 
have  done,  and  are  not  moving  every  year  as  some 
of  the  boys  do.  They  cannot  know  in  that  length  of 
time  what  success  they  are  to  have,  as  some  years 
we  have  better  prospects  than  others. 

"In  conclusion,  I  love  to  raise  show  cattle  from 
babyhood  up.  And  no  one  loves  them  more  than  I, 
but  when  the  buyer  comes  along  I  am  willing  to  sell 
and  wish  him  success,  and  try  and  raise  a  better 


one." 


CHAPTER  XXV. 
THE  "  ROUND-UP. " 

In  the  limited  space  now  remaining  it  is  im- 
possible for  us  to  take  up  in  detail  the  winnings 
of  Hereford  bullocks  at  the  International  show 
since  its  establishment,  and  the  achievements  of 
the  western-bred  white-faced  calves  in  cornbelt 
feedlots  generally.  A  volume  could  be  prepared 
on  this  one  phase  of  the  Hereford  trade.  Indeed, 
the  value  of  well  bred  " white  faces"  in  the 
baby  beef  business  constitutes  their  one  highest 
claim  to  the  permanent  consideration  of  the  Ameri- 
can public.  They  will  get  fat  quickly  if  from  well 
bred  stock,  and  their  record  in  the  pens  at  the  big 
Chicago  show,  as  well  as  at  the  Kansas  City,  Den- 
ver, Fort  Worth,  St.  Joseph,  So.  Omaha,  Sioux  City 
and  So.  St.  Paul  shows  and  markets,  needs  no  de- 
tailed exploitation  in  this  connection.  It  is  a  part 
of  the  current  literature  of  the  cattle  business  that 
is  at  all  times  accessible  to  the  readers  of  the  live 
stock  press. 

<:Tom"  Sotham  was  probably  one  of  the  first  to 
exploit  in  a  commercial  way  the  transferring  of 
range-bred  Hereford  calves  direct  to  cornbelt  farms. 
During  the  season  of  1898  he  purchased  more  than 
2,000  calves  in  Texas  to  fill  orders  for  customers  in 


1034  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

the  middle  west,  paying  $24  to  $25  per  head  at  that 
time  at  the  point  of  shipment,  charging  his  cus- 
tomers a  commission  of  $1  a  head  for  the  service. 
He  also  assisted  "Dick"  Walsh  in  an  auction  sale 
of  400  JJ  calves  at  Kansas  City  in  November,  1898, 
at  which  a  $37  average  was  made.  The  results  of 
the  feeding  of  these  calves  in  good  hands  were  so 
satisfactory  that  a  large  trade  of  this  sort  developed, 
which  still  stands  as  an  important  feature  of  the 
business  of  cattle  feeding  in  the  older  states. 

"Dan"  Black  of  Lyndon,  0.,  by  virtue  of  his  vic- 
tories with  Texas-bred  calves  at  the  International, 
contributed  largely  to  the  up-building  of  this  trade. 
John  G.  Imboden,  C.  C.  Judy  and  others  have  also 
been  instrumental  in  bringing  many  feeders  in  direct 
contact  with  the  southwestern  producers.  Mr.  Im- 
boden feeds  regularly  himself,  and  his  intelligence 
and  fairness  are  so  generally  recognized,  and  his  ex- 
perience as  a  butcher,  exhibitor  and  judge  at  leading 
shows  of  the  past  twenty-five  years  has  been  so  ex- 
tended, that  we  have  asked  him  to  say  a  word  at  this 
point  on  this  general  subject. 

Range-bred  Calves  in  the  Feedlot.— Mr.  Imboden 
says : 

"I  have  demonstrated  the  value  of  the  range-bred 
Hereford  calf  and  yearling  for  the  cornbelt  feedlot 
in  a  number  of  instances  during  the  past  twelve 
years.  About  the  year  1900  I  purchased  in  southern 
Texas  at  Beeville  50  Hereford  steer  calves.  They 
reached  my  place  about  Dec.  20,  when  the  thermome- 
ter was  about  15°  below  zero.  The  change  in  alti- 
tude and  temperature  from  southern  Texas  near  the 


\  elohnlmboden  \ 


1036  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

gulf  to  Illinois  did  not  unfavorably  affect  them. 
They  made  a  satisfactory  growth  and  gains  from 
the  beginning,  and  at  the  International  the  next 
year  15  head  were  first  in  class  from  the  southern 
district.  I  have  fed  other  Hereford  calves  from 
southern  Texas,  and  they  invariably  did  well. 

"In  1906  I  exhibited  at  the  International  15 
Hereford  yearling  steers  averaging  1,174  pounds 
at  $8.90  per  cwt.  They  were  first  in  their  class 
from  the  southern  district,  and  champion  Hereford 
yearlings  of  the  show.  These  steers  were  bred  by 
Boog-Scott  Bros.  They  were  the  top  out  of  50 
calves  that  averaged  375  pounds  Dec.  15,  1905. 

"In  November,  1904,  '05,  >06  and  '07, 1  sold  at  my 
place  several  thousand  southern  calves  and  year- 
lings. They  came  covered  with  the  Texas  fever 
ticks,  were  put  in  the  barn  with  native  cattle,  and 
when  sold  were  shipped  as  far  east  as  New  York, 
and  south  to  Virginia.  I  never  heard  of  a  case  of 
Texas  fever  that  developed  from  exposure  to  these 
tick-infested  calves  and  yearlings  that  left  Texas 
for  the  north  after  Nov.  1.  They  invariably  fed 
well. 

"For  a  number  of  years  I  fed  Hereford  calves 
and  yearlings  from  the  noted  '6666'  herd,  bred  and 
owned  by  Mr.  S.  B.  Burnett.  These  yearling  and 
two-year-old  steers  have  been  exhibited  at  the  Chi- 
cago International,  and  have  made  quite  a  record. 
A  number  of  times  the  two-year-olds  were  the 
champion  Herefords  of  the  show,  and  at  the  Inter- 
national of  1913  the  '6666'  Hereford  yearlings  that 
I  fed  were  the  champion  Hereford  yearlings  of  the 
show.  They  averaged  1,100  pounds  and  sold  at 
$10.45. 

"All  the  Herefords  I  have  sold  I  have  handled  in 
very  much  the  same  way;  I  have  had  them  about 


Photos  by  Hildebrand 

TWO    ENDS    AND    A    MIDDLE— PRIZE    LOADS    AT    THE    INTERNATIONAL 
LIVE   STOCK   EXPOSITION. 


1038  A   HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 


months  on  feed  and  about  10  months  on  full 
feed.  The  calves  and  yearlings  have  made  about 
the  same  average  gains  —  from  600  to  700  pounds. 
I  feed  principally  corn  and  cob  meal  and  linseed  or 
cottonseed  meal.  I  have  fed  and  exhibited  and  won 
first  in  class  with  Hereford  calves  bred  in  Wyoming 
and  Colorado.  I  think  the  heaviest  load  of  Here- 
ford yearling  steers  ever  shown  at  the  International 
were  Colorado-breds  that  I  fed  in  1907.  These 
steers  had  a  foundation  of  Shorthorn  in  their  breed- 
ing and  averaged  1,270  pounds. 

"I  find  the  Wyoming-  and  Colorado-bred  calf  has 
more  bone  and  scale  than  the  Texas-bred  calf,  but 
the  growth  and  development  of  the  southern  calf 
coming  to  the  higher  altitude  of  the  cornbelt  is  more 
noticeable  than  those  of  the  Wyoming  or  Colorado 
calf  coming  to  a  lower  altitude.  I  am  now  feeding 
20  Matador  yearlings  for  the  International  of  1914. 
These  steers  were  champion  Hereford  yearling 
feeders  at  last  International,  their  weight  then  be- 
ing 818  pounds.  They  have  been  on  full  fed  since 
March  10;  they  averaged  on  May  1,  1,180  pounds. 

"The  average  feeder  of  course  is  not  interested 
in  the  production  of  show  steers,  but  with  the  in- 
creasing demand  for  lighter  cuts  of  prime  beef,  the 
prevailing  high  prices  of  all  feeding  cattle,  and  the 
high  average  cost  of  all  feed  products  that  enter 
into  beef  production,  the  successful  feeder  of  the 
future  must  consider  early-maturity,  economy  of 
gain  and  value  of  product,  and  where  these  are  con- 
sidered the  Hereford  calf  or  yearling,  whether 
range-bred  or  farm-raised,  for  the  cornbelt  feedlot 
has  no  superior. 

"With  the  present-day  demand  for  lighter  cuts 
of  prime  beef  and  the  increased  advance  of  the  ini- 
tial cost  of  all  our  feeding  cattle,  and  a  high  aver- 


1039 

age  cost  of  all  feed  products  that  enter  into  the 
production  of  beef,  the  successful  feeder  of  the  fu- 
ture must  seriously  consider  the  question  of  early- 
maturity,  cost  of  production  and  value  of  product 
produced.  When  these  questions  are  considered, 
the  favor  in  which  the  Hereford  calf,  whether 
range-bred  or  farm-raised,  is  held  by  the  cornbelt 
feeder  is  merited,  from  the  fact  that  for  early- 
maturity,  economy  of  production  and  value  of 
product  the  Hereford  has  no  superior. " 

The  Polled  Herefords. —  That  hornless  cattle  are 
popular  among  feeders  goes  without  saying.  The 
polled  characteristic  is  certainly  not  without  its  de- 
cided advantages.  Indeed,  this  fact  has  had  much 
to  do  with  the  success  met  with  by  the  Aberdeen- An- 
gus and  Galloways  in  this  country.  Dehorned  Here- 
fords  are  common  at  the  stockyard  markets  and 
in  our  great  fat  cattle  shows. 

At  the  time  Gov.  Simpson  made  his  selections  of 
pedigree  cattle  in  Herefordshire  for  importation  to 
the  States,  he  was  also  buying  Aberdeen-Angus.  In 
fact,  Messrs.  Gudgell  &  Simpson  originally  had  one 
of  the  best  collections  of  black  polls  in  the  west. 
Gov.  Simpson  at  that  time  endeavored  to  locate  a 
naturally  polled  white-faced  bull  somewhere  in 
Herefordshire  for  importation  for  experimental 
purposes,  but  in  this  was  not  successful.  Had  he 
succeeded,  the  polled  Hereford  might  have  become 
a  feature  of  American  cattle-breeding  at  a  much 
earlier  date. 

In  the  year  1901  Mr.  Warren  Gammon,  Des 
Moines,  la.,  circularized  the  members  of  the  Ameri- 


1040  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

can  Hereford  Cattle  Breeders'  Association,  asking 
if  any  hornless  ' 'freaks"  had  ever  appeared  in  their 
respective  herds.  As  a  result  of  this  correspond- 
ence 14  head  of  registered  Heref  ords  that  had  never 
developed  horns  were  brought  to  light.  They  were 
the  property  of  reputable  breeders,  so  that  there 
could  be  no  question  as  to  their  pure  descent.  Ten 
of  these  were  females,  and  four  were  bulls.  Mr. 
Gammon  bought  all  of  the  latter  and  seven  of  the 
cows,  and  began  mating  them,  with  the  result  that 
practically  all  the  calves  dropped  were  polled;  and 
it  is  stated  that  these  polled  bulls  when  mated  with 
horned  Hereford  cows,  gave  50  to  75  per  cent  of 
hornless  calves.  This  was  the  beginning  of  the 
Polled  Herefords  of  the  present  time. 

A  national  organization  was  formed  about  1907, 
with  a  membership  of  five.  In  1913  this  had  grown 
to  296,  and  the  herd  book  now  maintained  by  the 
organization  shows  a  total  registry  of  over  4,000 
head.  Mr.  J.  E.  Green,  Muncie,  Ind.,  has  been  the 
President  of  this  association  from  the  beginning. 
Up  to  1911  the  founder  of  the  type,  Mr.  Warren 
Gammon,  served  as  Secretary,  but  he  has  now  been 
succeeded  by  his  son  Mr.  B.  0.  Gammon,  who  esti- 
mates that  there  are  at  this  writing  between  5,000 
and  6,000  head  of  these  cattle  in  the  country.  The 
movement  corresponds  identically  with  that  which 
resulted  in  the  foundation  and  formation  of  the 
Polled  Durham  association,  whose  members  are 
handling  hornless  cattle  of  the  pure  Shorthorn  or 
Durham  blood,  both  cases  representing  an  effort 


THE  "  ROUND-UP  "  1041 

to  dispense  with  the  horned  characteristic  of  each 
breed  without  resort  to  artificial  means. 

Recent  Importations. —  In  a  previous  chapter 
there  was  presented  a  tabulation  covering  the 
early  importations  from  England,  and  extending 
down  through  the  entire  period  of  active  buying 
on  the  other  side  by  American  breeders.  After  the 
$100  registration  fee  on  imported  cattle  was  put  in 
effect  importations  practically  ceased  for  a  time. 
This  so-called  "tax"  was  repealed  by  the  associa- 
tion in  1891.  From  the  accompanying  supplementary 

IMPORTATIONS     OP     HEREFORD     CATTLE     TO     THE     UNITED 

STATES  FROM   ENGLAND   SINCE   1893. 

Date  Importer                                       Address                                     Number 

1893     H.    H.    Clough Elyria,    0 3 

1893     Gudgell    &    Simpson Independence,    Mo 1 

1898     C.     S.     Cross Emporia,   Kans 43 

1898     K.     B.     Armour Kansas   City,   Mo 85 

1898  Shadeland    Stock   Co Lafayette,    Ind 1 

1899  K.    B.    Armour Kansas   City,    Mo 152 

1899     W.    G.    Busk Coleman,    Tex 17 

1899     Geo.     Leigh     Aurora,    111 70 

1899     A.    J.    Libby    &   Son Oakland,    Me 1 

1899     John    Sparks    Reno,   Nev 8 

1899  T.    F.    B.    Sotham Chillicothe,    Mo 1 

1900  F.    A.    Nave Attica,     Ind 30 

1900     John    N.    Taylor Huntsville,    Mo 6 

1900  A.    E.    Reynolds Denver,    Colo 38 

1901  K.    B.   Armour Kansas   City,    Mo 219 

1901  W.    G.    Busk Coleman,    Tex 11 

1901  C.    A.    Jamison Peoria,    111 1 

1901  Geo.    Leigh     Aurora,    111 25 

1901  T.    E.     Miller Oak    Park,    111 2 

1901  F.    A.    Nave Attica,    Ind 7 

1901  T     H.    Pugh Carthage,    Mo 6 

1902  Geo.    Leigh    Aurora,     111 107 

1902  W.    B.    Tudge Craven  Arms,  Salop,  England  13 

1903  Charles    W.    Armour Kansas    City,    Mo 112 

1904  A.    R.    Firkins Worcester.    England     1 

1913  Geo.    Leigh    Aurora,    111 50 

Total   1,010 

tabulation  it  will  be  observed  that  during  the  decade 
ending  with  1913  but  one  animal  was  imported.  More 
recently  there  have  been  indications  of  a  possible 
revival  of  this  business,  although  not  on  any  ex- 


1043 

tended  scale.  The  importation  made  by  Mr.  Leigh 
in  the  summer  of  1913  included  the  good  show  bull 
Farmer,  purchased  and  now  owned  by  Mr.  McCray. 
Mr.  Leigh  undertook  an  additional  importation  dur- 
ing 1914,  but  the  embargo  laid  on  exports  by  Great 
Britain  on  account  of  the  European  war  interfered 
with  purchases  and  shipments.  A  special  license 
for  the  exportation  of  pedigree  animals  has  to  be 
obtained  from  the  Privy  Council  pending  the  ter- 
mination of  hostilities. 

Distribution  of  the  Heref ords.—  Believing  that  an 
approximate  general  idea  of  the  distribution  of 
pedigree  Heref  ords  in  different  parts  of  the  United 
States  would  be  of  interest,  the  author  requested 
Secretary  Kinzer  of  the  Hereford  association  to 
prepare  some  figures  covering  this  point.  These 
are  submitted  herewith.  The  figures  are  based  on 


APPROXIMATE  NUMBI 
HEREFORD 
State                     Per  cent 
Iowa                           i  fi  5 

2R  AND  P 
S   IN   TH] 
Number 
19,800 
16,800 
14,8,00 
12,000 
10,800 
7,200 
6,000 
3,600 
3,000 
2,640 
2,640 
2,400 
1,800 
1,400 
1,200 
1,200 
1.200 

ERCENTAGES  OP  : 
E    VARIOUS    STATI 
State                     Pei 
Arizona 

REGISTERED 

pk 

7  cent  Number 
1.                 1,200 
0.75                900 
0.75                900 
0.75                900 
0.75                900 
0.5                  600 
0.5                  600 
0.5                  600 
0.5                  600 
0.5                  600 
0.5                  600 
0.25     .           250 
0.25                250 
0.25                250 
0.25                250 
0.25                250 

Texas     

14 

New     Mexico  
Oregon    
California     
\Visconsin        .... 

Missouri 

11  5 

Kansas 

10 

Illinois    
Nebraska    
South    Dakota.. 
Indiana    .  . 

.    9. 
.    6. 
.  .    5. 
3. 

Tennessee 

Utah          

Maine     

Wyoming-    
Minnesota    
Colorado 

.    2.5 
.    2.2 
2  2 

Virginia     
Michigan    

Idaho 

West    Virginia. 
Montana    

.    2. 
.    1.5 
1  2 

Washington     
Arkansas     

Kentucky 

Mississippi              . 

North    Dakota.  . 
Oklahoma 

.  .    1. 
.  .    1. 

Nevada    

North    Carolina..  . 

Ohio    . 

.    1. 

an  estimate  of  a  total  of  120,000  head  of  registered 
cattle  now  living,  and  include  all  states  in  which 
there  are  250  head  or  more. 


1044  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

Some  Interesting  Tabulations. — It  had  been  the 
purpose  of  the  writer  to  undertake  at  this  point  a 
detailed  analysis  of  the  various  bloodlines  and  com- 
binations entering  into  the  production  of  the 
greatest  Hereford  sires  and  show  bulls  of  these  lat- 
ter days,  but  again  we  are  faced  with  the  fact  that 
such  endeavor  must  be  deferred  from  an  absolute 
lack  of  space.  All  that  has  preceded  leads  up  logic- 
ally to  such  a  procedure,  by  way  of  drawing  conclu- 
sions based  upon  the  lessons  of  the  sales,  shows, 
breeding  operations  and  importations  herein  re- 
corded, but  this  must  now  be  reserved  for  another 
occasion  or  for  such  students  as  may  see  fit  to  work 
them  out  from  the  mass  of  facts  contained  in  the 
foregoing  chapters.  There  are  several  other  mat- 
ters still  to  be  touched  upon,  and  we  have  either  to 
end  this  part  of  our  study  here  or  face  the  necessity 
of  beginning  another  volume.  This  one  is  already 
too  fat.  We  shall,  therefore,  content  ourselves  with 
merely  inserting  at  this  point  a  few  tabulations  that 
suggest  themselves  as  of  special  interest  at  this 
time  in  connection  with  contemporary  sale  and  show- 
yard  events. 

PERFECTION  92891. 

Columbus       f  Earl  of  Shadeland  41st  33378  {  gS^eWilton  19017 

51875 1  Ppf  ^K,  f  Prince  Edward  7001 

n  ,    fifU81  LPet36054 j  Jessie  4th  10907 

C  PPPT-IP^  Wiltnn  12774  I  Garfield  7015 

Rose  Bios-      I  Peerless  Wilton  12774 j  Peerless  10902 

som  39225 j  Blossom  12g66 j  Au^oneer»72 

f  Hoosier  Tom/  Anxiety  2d  458° 

MelleyMayJ          7732          ( Isabel  4577. 


I    II   UAJ.CI    TUI  O 

f  President  2058 {  ?*\f*™S 

<•  Rosebud  6690^  I  Leonora  2060 


i 
I 


n«».«,Ko    «++  o«o«  01  on  /  Kennebec  Hero  2100 

Carabassett  Rose  2120  .......  j  Necklace  6th  2105 


1045 


FAIRFAX  16th  316931. 

(  Dale  66481 . . . 


Perfection 
Fairfax  179767 

Perfection   9289H 
(Melley  May  41752... 

f  Fairfax  84159  
Imp.  Berna         S 
138482  (  Belle  138483 

Cherry  Donald 
189271 

(  Beau  Donald  58996.. 
f  Beau  Donald  33d  ^  Sir  Carrolrs  Eari 
I  Grove  Maid  56110 
(  Cherry  Boy  26495  .  . 

Mary's  Cherry 


52077  (  Lady  Mary  4th  36936 


Repeater  289598. 


Harris  Princess 
31st  266423 


REPEATER  7th  386905. 

Disturber  139989... 


Mma  184985. 


Elfin  Lass  108907 
(Missouri  Chief  2d 


f  Columbus  51875 

I  Rose  Blosssom  39225 

f  Hoosier  Tom  7732 

t  Rosebud  6606 

]  Salisbury  84174 

I  Decima  84153 

( Leander  83622 

\  Lavender  111575 

j  Beau  Brummel  51817 

I  Donna  33735 

f  Sir  Carroll  2d  40067 

Earl's  Grove  Maid  46193 

Fowler  12899 

Cherry  Pie  2d  17849 

Beau  Monde  9903 

Lady  Mary  2d  24493 

(Beau  Donald  3d  86140 
•  1  Columbia  76779 


Beau  Donald  J  Beau  Donald  58996 
5th  86142      (sophia  56115  

Lottie  Macon!SirMacon63693 '• 
139290         {  Queen  Bess  92820 . . 


f  Beau  Brummel  51817 

1  Donna  33735 

|  Sir  Carroll  2d  40067 

t  Earl's  Lilian  2d  46194 

j  Valentine  46544 

I  Portrait  12245 

J  Norwood  Chief  70814 

t  Gipsy  Maid  4th  60573 


Dale  66481 


BEAU  PERFECTION  24th  394173. 

Garfield  7015 
Gertrude  Wilton  19017 
Prince  Edward  7001 
Jessie  4th  10907 

(Peerless  Wilton          Afield  7015 
[  Rose  Bios-      4      12774 


(  Earl  of  Shadeland 
Columbus      •{      41st  33378 

51875  (  Pet  36054 


som  39225.1  Blossom  12866 
(  Anxiety  2d  4580 


Melley  May 
41752 


Is 


Beau  Donald 
44th  109865 


Hoosier  Tom 

7732          (Isabel  4577  ........ 

(President  2058.... 
Rosebud  6606-^  Carrabassett  Rose 
(     2120 

Beau  Brummel 

51817 
Donna  33735  ....... 


Beau  Donald 


Peerless  10902 
Auctioneer  9572 
Blowdy  12867 
Anxiety  2238 
Alice  4658 
Corsair  4581 
Juliet  4578 
Chieftain  2059 
Leonora  2060 
Kennebec  Hero  2100 
Necklace  6th  2105 
f  Don  Carlos  33734 
1  Belle  24629 
?  Anxiety  4th  9904 
I  Dowager  6th  6932 

f  G-    r  rmii  9H  4nnR7  1  Earl  Shadeland  9th  16900 
(  Sir  Carroll  2d  40067  j  Elena  5th  27141 

f  Earl  2d  of  Pine  P'rk  41081 
I  Wilton's  Gr'veMaid  33276 
j  Don  Carlos  33734 
t  Belle  24629 
(Anxiety  4th  9904 
I  Dowager  6th  6932 

o-   r      nil  9H  innR?  i  Earl  Sbadeland  9th  16900 
Sir  Carroll  2d  40067  \  Elena  5th  27141 

Lily  princess  of       (  Eari  of  Pine  Park  41080 
Pine  Park  46199    \LilyPrincess26729 


Cinderella 

61048  j  Wilton's  Grove 
Maid  2d  51158 

f  Beau  Donald  (  Beau  Brummel 


« 

Minnie  H. 

61053 


1046 


A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 


DISTURBER  139989. 


Beau  Donald     f  Beau  Brummel  51817  { 


Beau  Donald 
3d  86140 

CDQQfJ     1 

I96  I  Donna  33735 
Cinderella          (  Sir  Carroll  2d  40067  .  . 
Cinderella            Wilton's  Grove 
148  I     Maid  2d  51158 

(  Earl  of  Shadeland 
f  Columbus51875^      41st  33378 
(  Pet  36054 

'  Anxiety  4th  9904 
t  Dowager  6th  6932 
\  Earl  of  Shadeland  9th  16900 
Elena  5th  27141 
Earl  2d  of  Pine  Park  41081 
Wilton's  Grove  Maid  33276 
Garfield  7015 
Gertrude  Wilton  19017 
Prince  Edward  7001 

Columbia 
76779 

Rose    Blossom  j  PeerlessWilton  12774 
I  Blossom  12866 

Jessie  4th  10907 
Garfield  7015 
Peerless  10902 
Auctioneer  9572 

Blowdy  12867 

PERFECTION  FAIRFAX   179767. 


f  Dale  66481 


Perfection  92891 


I  Melley  May  41752^ 

I  Rosebud  6606 


f  Earl  of  Shadeland 

•{      41st  33378 

(  Pet  36054 

PeerlessWilton  12774 
Blossom  12866 

Hoosier  Tom  7732. .  /  ****?-**  458° 


Columbus  51875. 
Rose  Blossom  39225 


f  Fairfax  84159 


Imp.  Berna  138482. 


(  Salisbury  84174. 
(  Decima  84153  . . . 


I  Belle  138483 i 


Leander  83622.. 


Lavender  11 1575. 


( Isabel  4577 

( President  2058 

I  Carabassett  Rose  2120 

f  Sir  Edward  79298 

\  Promise  3d  84164 

f  Hogarth  20101 

\  Nellie  84163 

f  Renown  18902 

<  Lady  Horace  Wilton 

(      83619 

T  Painter  Boy  83315 

(Alpha  111576 


About  Beau  Donald. —  The  history  of  cattle- 
breeding  abounds  in  surprising-  developments  in 
connection  with  the  careers  of  various  celebrities.  A 
number  of  these  tales  have  already  been  related,  but 
none  is  of  deeper  interest  than  the  story  of  old  Beau 
Donald 's  early  history  and  subsequent  extraordinary 
success  as  a  sire.  Some  details  are  therefore  sub- 
mitted. 

Mr.  Charles  Gudgell  says: 

"Beau  Donald  had  no  nurse  cow  nor  special  fit- 
ting as  a  calf,  but  was  treated  in  exactly  the  same 
way  as  our  other  calves  at  the  time.  As  a  calf  he 
was  remarked  for  his  generally  sappy  appearance 
and  make-up,  and  was  naturally  thick-fleshed  with- 


1047 

out  necessarily  being  fat.  He  was  built  close  to  the 
ground  and  had  a  hide  on  him  as  the  saying  is,  'like 
a  bull  pup's'.  At  a  little  past  a  year  old  he  gave 
promise  of  having  a  decidedly  drooping  horn,  a 
characteristic  which  along  with  natural  thick  flesh  he 
has  transmitted  to  his  descendants  in  a  remarkable 
degree. 

"He  came  from  one  of  our  very  best  families. 
His  sire  and  dam,  grandsires  and  grandams  were 
all  extra  good.  Beau  BrummePs  record  as  a  breeder 
is  well  known,  but  when  it  is  noted  that  Donna  33735, 
the  dam  of  Beau  Donald,  is  out  of  Dowager  6th 
6932,  a  cow  that  was  also  the  dam  of  Don  Carlos  and 
Don  Quixote,  it  can  readily  be  seen  that  he  was  no 
accident,  but  came,  by  his  good  qualities  honestly. 
Dowager  6th  was  bred  by  Mr.  T.  Lewis,  Woodhouse, 
the  well  known  English  breeder  from  whom  we  se- 
cured her,  and  was  one  of  the  best  cows  in  all  our 
importations.  She  was  a  very  smooth,  medium- 
sized  cow  and  had  a  decided  droop  to  her  horns  (a 
feature  we  desired  to  cultivate)  and  transmitted  the 
same  characteristic  to  all  her  produce.  Donna  33735, 
mother  of  Beau  Donald,  also  had  a  pronouncedly 
drooping  horn.  She  was  a  straight-lined,  low-down 
cow  of  the  breedy  type  and  above  the  average  size 
and  weight.  She  died  at  the  age  of  seventeen  years. '  '* 

There  was  nothing  special  to  be  observed  in  the 
make-up  of  the  calf  in  his  earlier  days  at  the  side  of 
his  dam,  but  as  he  came  along  into  bullhood  he  was 
picked  up  by  H.  B.  Watts,  a  man  who  had  ever  a 

*The  somewhat  unsatisfactory  portrait  of  Mr.  W.  H.  Curtice 
appearing  in  this  volume  shows  him  mounted  on  his  favorite 
saddle  horse,  Champagne,  so  called  because  of  his  peculiar  color. 
Like  all  Kentuckians,  Mr.  Curtice  has  a  fondness  for  a  good  saddle 
horse,  and  in  speaking  of  Champagne  he  states  that  he  can  go 
a  running  walk  at  a  9-mile-an-hour  gait  "without  shaking  the 
rider  in  the  least."  Moreover,  this  horse  is  a  successful  weight- 
carrier,  having  won  several  prizes  over  large  fields  in  the  blue- 
grass  shows  with  Mr.  Curtice  up. 


W.    H.   CURTICE   AND   HIS  FAVORITE  MOUNT— CHAMPAGNE. 


BEAU    DONALD— FROM   THE    DRAWING    BY    CECIL  PALMER. 


1049 

keen  mind  and  eye.  While  it  was  therefore  not  mere 
chance  that  guided  him  in  this  selection,  it  is  doubt- 
ful if  his  vision  was  prophetic  enough  accurately  to 
forecast  the  youngster's  brilliant  future.  Certainly 
Gudgell  &  Simpson  would  not  have  let  him  go  had 
they  been  able  to  read  the  stars  aright.  They  knew 
he  was  one  of  the  best  yearlings  they  had  ever  bred 
and  really  intended  to  reserve  him  for  their  own 
use,  but  the  trade  was  then  passing  through  a  period 
of  acute  depression.  Judge  Watts  apparently 
caught  Gov.  Simpson  napping  one  day  and  bought 
the  youngster  for  $125!  Watts'  own  story  of  Beau 
Donald's  " discovery "  and  purchase  as  told  to  the 
writer  is  substantially  as  follows: 

'  '  Some  time  in  April,  1914,  I  went  to  Independ- 
ence and  told  Gov.  Simpson  I  had  come  to  select  a 
yearling  bull  to  head  my  herd,  and  asked  him  what 
he  had  on  hand.  He  replied, '  Fifty-six  as  good  year- 
ling Hereford  bulls  as  anybody  in  America,  but  they 
are  so  d — m  cheap  and  low  that  I  propose  to  make 
steers  of  them  rather  than  sell  at  prevailing  prices.  ' 
We  then  got  in  his  old  spring  wagon  and  drove  out 
to  the  farm.  Going  into  the  pasture  where  the  bulls 
were  grazing,  he  said,  'Now,  Watts,  there's  the  lot. 
Pick  your  bull,  and  I'll  see  if  you  know  a  good  one.' 

* '  The  Governor  had  certainly  stated  facts  when  he 
said  they  were  a  good  lot  of  yearlings;  indeed,  they 
were  exceptionally  good.  After  looking  over  the 
lot  for  fully  an  hour  I  finally  selected  two  bulls,  and 
asked  the  Governor  to  show  me  their  dams  and  give 
me  the  sires  of  the  two  before  I  would  determine 
which  calf  I  would  take.  We  drove- over  into  another 
pasture  where  the  cows  were  quartered.  He  drove 
close  to  a  massive  cow  and  said:  'This  is  Donna,  the 


1050  A  HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

dam  of  the  smaller  bull  of  the  two  you  picked.  She 
is  by  Anxiety  4th  and  out  of  Dowager  6th,  which 
makes  her  a  full  sister  to  Don  Carlos. '  I  said,  '  Gov- 
ernor, we  won't  look  for  the  larger  bull's  dam;  I 
want  the  small  calf.  What  is  your  price  on  her?' 
He  replied:  '  Watts,  confound  your  little  picture! 
You've  picked  the  best  bull  in  the  bunch,  a  bull  that 
I  thought  of  keeping  to  breed  from  ourselves.  How- 
ever, I  like  you  and  you  can  take  the  calf  at  $125. 
I  told  him  I  thought  the  figure  a  little  high,  as  low 
as  cattle  were  selling  at  that  time,  that  I  had  thought 
when  I  left  Fayette  that  $100  would  buy  the  top.  He 
said:  'I  can't  take  it,  that  is  one  of  the  best  calves 
I  ever  bred.  I  will  take  $100  for  the  other  calf  you 
picked. '  '  No, '  I  said,  '  I  want  this  calf. '  He  replied, 
'Well,  if  you  promise  not  to  tell  what  you  gave  for 
him  you  can  take  him,  and  if  he  don't  make  one  of 
the  most  impressive  sires  in  the  country,  send  him 
back,  get  your  money,  and  Simpson  will  say  he  has 
no  cattle  sense. ' 

'"Beau  Donald  was  shipped  to  Fayette  the  follow- 
ing week,  and  it  was  then  that  I  first  learned  his 
name,  as  I  had  neglected  to  ask  it  of  Gov.  Simpson. 
A  wee*k  or  so  after  getting  him  rested  I  led  him  to 
the  courthouse  yard  in  Fayette  so  that  my  cattle 
friends  could  see  him.  All  thought  him  a  wonder. 
From  the  time  I  bought  him  until  sold  to  Mr.  Curtice 
I  never  saw  or  knew  him  to  attempt  a  vicious  act. 

"Beau  Donald  was  intensely  bred  in  the  re- 
nowned Anxiety  4th  blood,  and  came  naturally  to 
transmit  so  unerringly  to  his  offspring  his  marvel- 
ously  straight  lines,  strong  front  and  superb  quar- 
ters, 'together  with  all  his  elegant  style,  finish  and 
symmetry.  As  a  yearling  he  was  bred  to  eight  or 
ten  cows,  getting 'all  with  calf.  He  was  kept  in  good 
thrifty  growing  condition  until  two  years  old,  and 


1051 

then  my  son  Will  (now  my  partner)  concluded  to 
develop  him.  He  fed  well  from  the  start,  and  in 
October,  1895,  at  thirty-one  months  old,  he  weighed 
2,200  pounds.  In  fact,  at  that  time  and  for  two 
years  afterwards  he  was  a  great  show  bull.  On 
Aug.  12,  1897,  I  received  a  wire  from  Secretary 
Thomas  at  Kansas  City,  asking  me  what  amount 
would  buy  Beau  Donald.  Not  caring  to  sell  him  at 
any  price,  I  concluded  to  put  the  price  so  high  no 
one  would  think  of  paying  it,  cattle  at  that  time 
being  extremely  low.  I  priced  him  at  $1,000. 

"The  next  day  Mr.  Curtice  came  to  my  farm,  and 
told  me  he  had  asked  Mr.  Thomas  to  see  the  bull. 
My  son  brought  him  to  the  lawn,  and  I  don't  think 
the  old  fellow  ever  did  or  ever  could  make  the  show 
he  did  that  afternoon.  Curtice  looked  him  over 
and  said,  'Turn  him  out,  I  never  saw  a  bull  I'd  pay 
$1,000  for/  I  replied,  'Very  well,  I'm  glad  to  hear 
you  say  that ;  and  rather  than  sell  you  Beau  I  '11  give 
you  a  check  for  $100  to  release  me  from  my  proposi- 
tion.' He  had  me  take  him  to  the  train  and  just  as 
the  whistle  sounded  for  the  station  Curtice  said, 
'Put  Beau  in  the  barn  for  a  few  days,  and  then  ship 
him  to  my  address  in  time  for  him  to  reach  the  fair 
at  Shelbyville  on  Aug.  24.' 

"I  thought  so  much  of  Beau  Donald  that  for  fear 
he  would  get  hurt  in  transit  I  got  in  the  car  and 
rode  through  to  Kentucky  with  him,  feeding,  water- 
ing and  keeping  the  bedding  under  him.  As  I  fre- 
quently said  to  Mr.  Curtice,  'I  am  the  architect  of 
your  fortune. ' 

This  interesting  narration  may  be  supplemented 
by  a  brief  statement  from  Hendry,  Mr.  Curtice's 
former  manager,  who  says: 

"When  a  calf  Beau  Donald  was  recognized  by  Mr. 
Simpson  and  herdsman  George  Shand  as  a  good 


1052  A  HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

mellow-hided,  short-legged  calf.  Shand,  my  old 
Scotch  friend,  when  showing  him  to  any  one,  always 
caught  hold  of  his  hide  to  reveal  the  looseness  of 
it.  I  can  remember  seeing  him  first  on  a  visit  to 
Independence  from  the  Greenwood  Farm  in  the  fall 
of  1893,  when  he  was  still  nursing  his  dam.  He 
was  weaned  when  about  seven  months  old.  The 
following  summer  he  was  with  a  bunch  of  bulls 
Mr.  Simpson  used  his  knife  upon,  passing  by  Beau 
Donald. 

"The  bull  landed  at  Shelbyville  the  week  of  the 
fair  there.  Mr.  Curtice  started  to  take  him  home, 
but  being  advised  by  some  of  his  friends  to  show 
him  had  his  old  darkie,  Joe,  take  him  to  the  fair 
grounds,  where  he  received  the  blue  ribbon  next 
day  and  sweepstakes  over  all  breeds,  although  some 
of  the  Shorthorn  men  told  Mr.  Curtice  he  was  no 
breeding  bull,  but  simply  a  mess  of  beef.  These 
same  Shorthorn  men  say  today,  however,  that  he 
was  one  of  the  greatest  breeding  bulls  that  ever 
came  into  Kentucky.  The  following  year  Mr.  Curtice 
showed  him  at  Lexington,  Ky.,  Shelbyville,  Ky.,  Co- 
lumbus, 0.,  and  Wheeling,  W.  Va.,  winning  first 
place  with  him  at  the  places  named.  In  1899  he 
showed  him  on  the  same  circuit  with  about  the 
same  results.  He  then  took  him  the  same  fall  to  the 
Kansas  City  show  and  sale  with  a  bunch  of  his 
calves,  which  averaged  $629  a  head,  and  the  follow- 
ing year  did  about  the  same,  always  bringing  in  a 
ribbon  from  the  big  shows  with  the  old  bull.  After 
that  Mr.  Curtice  decided  to  keep  him  at  home  and 
show  his  get. 

"Beau  Donald  was  never  used  very  hard,  having 
about  forty  cows  a  season.  He  always  ran  in  the 
pasture  with  the  younger  bulls  of  which  he  was 
king.  This  reminds  me  of  an  anecdote  of  the  old 
bull.  On  bringing  him  home  his  son,  Prince  Rupert 


1053 

79589,  from  the  show  circuit  we  turned  him  into  the 
pasture  with  his  sire  from  whom  he  had  been  sepa- 
rated for  three  months.  I  accompanied  them  to  the 
pasture,  being  a  little  afraid  that  the  young  bull 
would  be  too  much  for  his  dad;  but  to  my  surprise  it 
went  the  other  way.  The  old  bull  rolled  the  Prince 
over,  and  held  him  to  the  ground,  I  scarcely  being 
able  to  pull  him  off  by  the  ring,  and  from  that  day 
Prince  Eupert  never  ventured  within  twenty-five 
yards  of  him. 

"Beau  Donald's  disposition  was  good.  Any  child 
could  handle  him  by  the  ring.  He  was  always  ready 
for  the  feed  bucket,  which  is  also  a  trait  of  his  de- 
scendants. ' ' 

A  Story  of  Perfection  Fairfax.— Mr.  A.  C.  ]Juxley 
bought  the  imported  cow  Berna  in  calf  to  Perfec- 
tion at  the  Hoxie  sale  at  Thornton,  111.,  May  14, 
1903,  for  $365.  She  was  due  to  calve  in  October 
and  as  the  cow  was  a  good  individual  and  a  heavy 
milker  and  as  Perfection  had  been  many  times 
champion  Mr.  Huxley  had  a  right  to  expect  some- 
thing particularly  choice.  The  calf  arrived  on  the 
first  of  October,  and  was  about  as  disappointing 
a  prospect  as  could  be  imagined.  In  the  first  place, 
he  was  small  and  so  crooked  that  herdsman  Willard 
Pierce  used  to  put  one  hand  on  one  of  the  calf's 
knees,  take  hold  of  the  foot  and  push  on  the  knee 
and  pull  on  the  foot  until  the  tendons  fairly  cracked, 
all  in  an  effort  to  straighten  the  legs  of  the  future 
champion.  This  was  done  twice  a  day  for  two 
weeks,  and  in  the  course  of  about  six  weeks  his 
legs  were  about  normal. 

This,  however,  was  not  the  only  difficulty  with 


PERFECTION   FAIRFAX. 


Photo  by  Hildebrand 


PERFECTION  AND  BEAU  DONALD  86th. 


Photo  by  Hildebrand 


1055 

the  youngster.  He  was  a  disgusting  light  yellow- 
red  in  color.  Now  this  pale  red  has  from  time 
almost  immemorial  been  tabooed  by  Hereford 
breeders.  While  Pierce  was  still  operating  on  the 
legs  of  the  "future  great"  Mr.  Huxley  had  a  visit 
from  Mr.  E.  W.  Furbush,  a  piano  manufacturer  of 
Boston,  Mass.,  who  had  a  farm  at  Freedom,  N.  H. 
He  was  a  reader  of  "The  Breeder's  Gazette"  and 
became  an  admirer  of  good  Herefords.  He  arranged 
a  visit  to  Mr.  Huxley's  farm,  desiring  to  secure  a 
cow  with  a  bull  calf  at  foot.  The  proprietor  offered 
to  trade  imp.  Berna  and  calf  for  a  $500  piano,  but 
the  visitor  replied  that  he  "would  not  have  a  cow 
on  his  farm  that  would  not  produce  a  better  calf 
than  that."  Mr.  Furbush  was  not  alone  in  having 
a  poor  opinion  of  the  calf  at  this  time. 

Huxley  was  expecting  to  show  a  full  herd  at  the 
fairs  of  1904  and  had  two  other  bull  calves  that 
were  receiving  extra  attention  with  a  view  toward 
exhibition.  Meantime  Perfection  Fairfax  was  run- 
ning around  with  the  other  calves  on  the  place 
quite  neglected.  As  time  passed,  however,  Huxley 
and  Pierce  engaged  in  arguments  as  to  which  of 
the  two  bull  calves  in  preparation  was  the  better, 
and  finally  Pierce  remarked,  "If  you  will  get 
another  nurse  cow,  I'll  just  take  the  yellow  calf 
and  beat  all  the  others."  The  nurse  was  finally 
procured  and  under  the  stimulus  of  this  additional 
milk  the  young  bull  began  spreading  out  into  fine 
form.  Best  of  all,  in  the  spring  as  he  was  shedding 
his  coat,  lo  and  behold,  he  was  a  fine  rich  red! 


1056  A   HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

This  was  of  course  a  very  welcome  surprise  to  the 
owner.  From  that  time  there  was  never  much  ques- 
tion as  to  his  destiny. 

At  the  fall  fairs  of  1904,  Perfection  Fairfax  was 
probably  the  heaviest  calf  in  his  class.  At  the  In- 
ternational his  official  weight  was  1,220  pounds. 
This  is  certainly  remarkable  in  view  of  the  late 
start  he  had.  At  the  Kansas  City  Royal  of  1905, 
just  as  Mr.  Huxley  was  leading  Perfection  Fair- 
fax out  of  the  ring  with  the  purple  badge  that  meant 
the  junior  championship  of  the  show,  friend  Fur- 
bush  came  up  and  congratulated  him  upon  the  win- 
ning, and  his  surprise  can  be  better  imagined  than 
described  when  told  that  this  was  the  calf  that  he 
had  said  was  too  mean  to  have  around  his  New 
England  farm.  Mr.  Huxley  was  offered  $2,000  for 
Perfection  Fairfax  as  a  calf  and  $3,000  as  a  year- 
ling; he  declined  both  propositions.  Out  of  a  pos- 
sible thirty-one  first  prizes  shown  for  as  a  calf,  year- 
ling and  aged  bull  he  won  thirty  firsts  and  one 
second.  As  a  two-year-old  he  was  not  shown.  Mr. 
Huxley  having  disposed  of  Beau  Donald  33d,  his 
chief  stock  bull  at  that  time,  could  not  spare  Per- 
fection Fairfax  from  the  breeding  herd.  Beau 
Donald  33d,  it  will  be  remembered,  was  also  a  most 
successful  stock  bull,  the  progenitor  of  the  Lady 
Fairfax  line,  two  members  of  which,  Lady  Fairfax 
4th  and  Lady  Fairfax  9th,  made  enviable  records. 

The  later  career  of  Perfection  Fairfax  is  too 
familiar  to  call  for  extended  comment  in  this  con- 
nection. Messrs.  Harris,  Curtice  and  McCray  were 


1057 

all  interested  in  trying  to  secure  him  after  Mr. 
Huxley  decided  to  close  out  his  herd,,  but  McCray 
was  the  successful  bidder.  Mr.  Huxley  closed  out 
his  cattle,  not  because  of  any  lack  of  interest  in 
them,  but  in  order  to  fulfill  obligations  elsewhere 
and  in  another  field  which  he  could  not  justly  ignore. 
He  is  now  located  in  Minnesota  and  has  recently 
informed  the  writer  that  he  expects  to  re-enter  the 
business  in  the  near  future.  Meantime,  comment- 
ing upon  the  record  of  Perfection  Fairfax,  Mr. 
Huxley  says: 

"Several  of  the  old  breeders  used  to  tell  me  that 
Perfection  Fairfax  was  not  the  type  to  prove  a 
great  sire,  a  fact  which  goes  to  show  how  risky  is 
the  occupation  of  the  prophet  in  such  matters.  I 
think  the  first  calf  that  he  sired  was  Diana  Fairfax, 
which  Mr.  McCray  showed,  and  she  proved  a  win- 
ner. I  do  not  believe  there  has  been  a  bull  of  the 
breed  that  has  been  a  winner  himself  and  after- 
wards sired  so  many  good  bulls  and  heifers  as  has 
Perfection  Fairfax.  I  claim  that  the  reason  why  he 
is  entitled  to  be  called  the  greatest  bull  of  the  breed, 
living  or  dead,  is  because  he  sired  both  good  bulls 
and  good  heifers  all  of  his  own  stamp,  so  that 
almost  any  one  can  distinguish  them  from  the  get 
of  other  sires.  I  regard  it  as  particularly  fortunate 
for  the  breed  that  he  fell  into  the  hands  of  Mr. 
McCray,  because  in  that  herd  he  has  been  given 
opportunity  to  be  mated  with  a  grand  lot  of  cows. 
I  look  back  with  pride  on  Perfection  Fairfax,  and 
have  vivid  recollections  of  the  various  hard-fought 
battles  we  had  before  reaching  the  top." 

His  Trainer  Testifies. — Willard  Pierce  takes  a  keen 
enjoyment  in  the  progress  of  the  Perfection  Fairfax 


1058  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

stock.  Here  is  his  own  account  of  the  old  bull's 
early  career: 

"Mr.  A.  C.  Huxley  bought  at  the  Hoxie  spring 
sale  of  1903  three  cows — imp.  Berna,  Dauntless  and 
Miss  Peerless.  All  were  bred  to  Perfection.  Daunt- 
less and  Peerless  dropped  heifer  calves.  Berna 
dropped  a  bull  calf  in  October,  1903,  which  was 
named  Perfection  Fairfax.  He  did  not  look  like 
much  of  a  calf,  as  he  was  rather  slim  and  thin.  But 
in  February  he  seemed  to  be  developing  into  some- 
thing better  than  we  had  expected,  so  we  decided  to 
put  him  on  a  nurse  cow.  He  kept  on  doing  well. 
His  stablemate,  Beau  Dale  2d  by  Beau  Donald  33d, 
was  much  the  better  calf  to  start  with.  But  time 
went  on  and  by  May  there  was  not  much  difference 
in  them.  By  fall  Perfection  Fairfax  had  the  best 
of  him.  We  always  raised  a  small  patch  of  beets. 
Of  these  Perfection  Fairfax  was  very  fond,  and  I 
gave  him  plenty  of  them  at  all  times.  When  he  was 
shown  at  Chicago  as  a  calf  he  was  weaned.  Not 
many  of  the  show  calves  are  weaned  at  that  time. 

"The  first  show  we  made  was  at  Columbus,  0., 
where  he  stood  first  and  was  junior  champion.  He 
stood  that  way  all  around  the  eastern  circuit  until 
Chicago,  where  he  was  second. 

' '  The  bull  wintered  well  as  a  yearling,  and  I  could 
fairly  see  him  grow  and  widen  out.  He  never  had 
a  sick  day  during  the  four  years  I  fed  him.  His 
constitution  was  wonderful,  and  I  believe  that  has 
much  to  do  with  making  his  offspring  all  good  feed- 
ers and  good  show  cattle.  I  believe  constitution  is 
the  greatest  thing  to  consider  when  we  come  to  feed 
cattle  for  the  showring.  One  thing  more  about  Per- 
fection Fairfax  was  that  he  was  very  quiet — what 
I  would  call  a  lazy  bull.  He  would  never  fret  about 
anything. 


THE  "  ROUND-UP : 


1059 


' '  When  he  was  a  yearling  we  went  to  some  county 
fairs  where  he  was  champion,  and  then  to  Colum- 
bus, where  he  was  first  and  junior  champion.  As  a 
two-year-old  Perfection  Fairfax  was  not  shown.  We 
used  him  as  our  herd  bull,  but  never  let  him  down 
from  show  shape.  As  a  three-year-old  we  showed 
him  and  came  near  cleaning  up  the  most  of  the 
boys.  They  realized  he  was  'some  show  bull'  at 
three  years  old,  and  by  that  time  we  knew  he  was 
'some  breeder'!  But  there  is  one  thing  very  funny 
to  me  about  Perfection  Fairfax,  and  to  think  of  it 


often  makes  me  smile.  When  Mr.  Huxley  and  I 
showed  him  lots  of  the  breeders  would  grant  that 
he  was  a  good  show  bull,  but  usually  added  that  he 
would  be  no  breeder.  I  meet  these  same  breeders 
around  the  fairs  now,  and  I  often  say  in  a  joking 
way:  'Perfection  Fairfax  is  a  good  show  bull,  but 
he'll  make  no  breeder.'  I  usually  spring  this  when 
I  see  his  get  head  towards  their  stalls  with  blue  rib- 
bons tied  to  them,  and  sometimes  the  red,  at  our 
very  biggest  fairs. 
"When  Perfection  Fairfax  was  a  four-year-old 


1060  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

we  never  intended  to  show  him.  But  then  Mr.  Mc- 
Cray  bought  out  Mr.  Huxley,  and  decided  to  show 
him  instead  of  Prime  Lad  16th,  though  he  was  never 
fed  to  be  shown  that  fall.  It  is  surprising  to  see  him 
so  fresh  at  eleven  years  old.  And  I  doubt  very  much 
if  any  of  the  bulls  which  showed  with  him  nine  or 
ten  years  ago  can  come  up  and  beat  him  now  in  the 
showring.  I  do  know  that  they  have  a  hard  time  to 
beat  his  get,  although  it  was  this  same  Perfection 
Fairfax  which  was  'a  show  bull,  but  would  never 
make  much  of  a  breeder/  " 

The  Dam  of  Dale.— Too  late  for  incorporation  in 
our  text  at  the  proper  point  we  received  the  follow- 
ing interesting  recital  from  Clem  Graves,  the  breed- 
er of  Dale,  as  to  the  mother  of  that  famous  bull : 

"In  appearance  Eose  Blossom  was  like  the  Gar- 
fields.  Her  color  a  rich  red,  neither  light  nor  dark, 
her  form  thick-fleshed,  evenly  balanced  and  set  on 
short  legs,  her  face  broad,  with  full  eyes  and  the 
short  'Berkshire'  nose,  the  identifying  feature  of 
the  Garfields.  She  was  sold  to  Mr.  Harness,  Gal- 
veston,  Ind.,  when  a  yearling  and  her  calves,  Little 
Phil  and  Hopeful,  were  dropped  at  his  farm.  I  pur- 
chased her  in  the  spring  of  1892,  paying  $75  for  her. 
This  was  a  time  when  the  breeders  were  overstocked 
on  account  of  the  depression  in  the  cattle  trade  in 
1891  and  1892,  when  I  saw  a  1,200-pound  grade 
Shorthorn  cow  sell  for  $14  and  good  yearlings  sell 
for  $8  a  head. 

"I  showed  Rose  Blossom  in  1896  at  Toledo,  and 
the  leading  county  fairs  in  Ohio  and  Indiana,  At 
that  time  many  of  the  fairs  did  not  classify  the  beef 
breeds,  Shorthorns,  Angus  and  Herefords  all  show- 
ing together.  She  was  defeated  but  one  time  and 
then  by  a  Hereford  cow  of  great  scale  and  even 
finish.  Vivien,  the  first  calf  Rose  Blossom  brought 


1061 

me,  I  sold  when  six  years  old  for  $500.  This  cow 
was  the  mother  of  two  heifers.  One  was  Armel, 
bought  by  A.  P.  Nave  for  $220  in  my  first  public 
sale  at  the  Palmer  House  Stables  at  Chicago  in  1897. 
He  sold  her  a  short  time  afterward  to  K.  B.  Armour 
for  $1,000  and  she  was  one  of  the  attractive  mem- 
bers of  that  celebrated  herd.  The  other  heifer,  Viola 
by  Columbus,  I  listed  in  the  sale  at  the  Kansas  City 
Royal  in  1899,  where  she  was  purchased  by  Col. 
Slaughter  and  Thomas  Mortimer  for  $1,250,  selling 
next  to  Armour  Eose,  which  brought  the  highest 
price  in  that  very  spirited  sale. 

i  i  You  will  note  from  the  full  list  of  the  progeny  of 
this  famous  cow,  herewith  appended,  that  three  years 
elapse  between  the  birth  of  Vivien  and  Dale.  This 
is  a  long  period  for  a  young  cow  to  pass  not  breed- 
ing and  I  was  almost  at  the  point  of  disposing  of 
her,  all  in  ignorance  that  the  story  of  Dale,  Perfec- 
tion, Perfection  Fairfax,  on  down  to  Joan  Fairfax, 
was  already  written  '  among  the  things  that  are  and 
the  things  that  shall  be  hereafter/ 

"The  story  of  Dale  is  now  a  matter  of  common 
knowledge.  There  are  two  points  in  his  showyard 
career  that  I  wish  to  emphasize :  in  1897  he  was  the 
first  Hereford  to  win  the  grand  championship,  all 
breeds  competing,  at  the  Ohio  and  Indiana  state 
fairs;  and  after  five  years  of  showing  when  he  was 
matched  against  Perfection,  Christopher,  Dandy  Bex 
and  many  other  famous  bulls  he  won -the  purple  rib- 
bon in  his  final  appearance  in  the  showring  at  the 
International  in  1901.  Dale  rests  in  the  burying 
ground  of  the  little  Christian  church  on  Jesse  Adams ' 
farm,  his  grave  cared  for  by  Amy  Adams. 

"Mr.  Adams  purchased  Columbia  from  me  for 
$1,100  and  Columbia  2d  for  $1,325  in  a  breeders'  sale 
in  Kansas  City  in  January,  1901.  He  bred  Columbia 


1062  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD   CATTLE 

to  Beau  Donald  3d,  bringing  Disturber.  This  was 
the  initial  trial  of  the  Columbus-Beau  Donald  cross. 
This  same  line  of  breeding  is  now  in  practice  in  the 
herd  of  Mr.  Curtice  of  Kentucky.  I  sold  Rose  Blos- 
som in  1902  for  $500,  to  the  Wabash  Cattle  Co.  Her 
record  follows: 

"1890— April  21— bull— Little  Phil  41937  by  Earl  of  Shadeland  41st 

33398. 

"1891—  April  18— cow— Hopeful  46919  by  Earl  Wilton  47th  46333. 
"1892— Aug.    26— cow— Vivien    51183    by    Earl    of    Shadeland    33398. 

This   heifer  became  the  dam  of  Armel  and  Viola,   sold  to 

G.  McWilliams  in  1898  for  $500. 
"1895— Sept.   15— bull— Dale   66481   by  Columbus   51875.      Sold  to   F. 

A.   Nave,   Nov.    5,   1897,    for    $1,100.      Bought   in   Mr.    Nave's 

dispersion  for   $7,500.     Sold  in  1901  to  Wabash  Cattle  Co. 

for  $8,000. 
"1896 — Sept.  18 — bull — Earl  Wilton  69585  by  Columbus  51875.     Sold 

to  A    Wolcott,  Concord,  Mich.,  in  1896.     No  record  of  price, 

I  think  $200. 
"1897 — Oct.   4 — cow — Columbia   76779   by   Columbus   51875.      Sold   to 

J.  C.  Adams,   1901,  for  $1,000.     The  dam  of  Disturber. 
"1898— Aug.  16— cow— Columbia  2d  86594  by  Columbus  51875.    Sold 

to  J.  C.  Adams,   1901,  for  $1,325. 
"1899 — Aug.  21 — cow — Rosamond  100492  by  Cherry  Ben  56767.     Sold 

to  Wabash  Cattle  Co.,  1902,  for  $300. 
"1900— Dec.    25— bull— Dara    117715    by    imp.    Freedom    76005.      Sold 

to  Wabash  Cattle  Co.  for  $135. 
"1901 — Nov.    13 — cow — Rose   Blossom's  Princess   135358   by   Le   Roy 

70778.     Owned  by  S.  H.  Godman." 

Harking  Back  to  the  Range.— As  this  chapter  is 
called  a  "Kound-Up"  we  feel  warranted  in  intro- 
ducing at  this  point  certain  facts  concerning  the 
operations  of  another  one  of  the  ranking  western 
outfits  of  the  days  when  the  range  cattle  business 
was  getting  squarely  upon  its  feet.  We  refer  to 
the  famous  old-time  firm  of  Lee  &  Eeynolds. 
Their  operations  were  not  only  extensive,  but  they 
always  advocated  the  use  of  well  bred  bulls.  The 
author  had  prepared  the  following  statement  as 
to  their  work  for  inclusion  in  a  preceding  chapter, 
but  the  copy  was  inadvertently  mislaid  until  it  was 
too  late  to  incorporate  it,  in  this  edition,  in  its 
proper  place.  It  is  deemed  of  sufficient  historical 


Copyright  photo  by  Parsons 
THREE-YEAR-OLD   HEIFER   MAY   MORN,    A   ROYAL   WINNER   IN   1913. 


MOTHER   AND   SON. 


Copyright  photo  by 


1064  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

importance,  however,  to  be  given  space  at  this  point, 
rather  than  be  omitted  entirely. 

This  firm  started  business  at  Camp  Supply  in 
the  Indian  Territory  in  the  fall  of  1869  as  post 
traders  at  that  military  camp.  Their  consignment 
of  six  or  seven  cars  of  merchandise  from  New  York 
was  the  first  through  freight  which  crossed  the 
bridge  at  Kansas  City,  shipment  having  been  timed 
to  reach  there  just  at  the  opening  of  the  bridge,  and 
was  sent  through  from  New  York  to  Hayes  City 
without  breaking  bulk.*  The  firm  continued  busi- 
ness at  Camp  Supply  and  at  other  points  estab- 
lished and  owned  by  them  in  the  Territory,  and  at 
Fort  Elliott  in  the  Panhandle  of  Texas — there  being 
four  or  five  of  these  stations — until  the  year  1881, 
when  the  co-partnership  was  dissolved  and  the  prop- 
erty divided.  During  this  time  in  the  Territory 
there  were  two  Indian  wars,  one  being  the  final 
round-up  of  the  Cheyennes,  .Arapahoes,  Kiowas  and 
Comanches,  upon  their  reservations  at  El  Reno  and 
Fort  Sill,  where  the  red  men  and  their  descendants 
have  ever  since  remained  peaceably  occupied  and 
intent  upon  the  struggle  for  existence. 

Lee  &  Eeynolds  commenced  establishing  a  herd 
of  cattle  about  the  year  1876,  placing  in  service 
purebred  Shorthorn  bulls  purchased  of  Frederick 
William  Stone  of  Guelph,  Ontario.  This  first  herd 

*Mr.  A.  E.  Reynolds,  following  up  this  shipment,  in  company 
with  one  man  similarly  mounted,  rode  a  mule  from  Hayes  City  to 
Camp  Supply,  180  miles,  sleeping  on  the  ground  en  route,  with  the 
saddle  for  a  pillow  and  the  blankets  used  under  the  saddle  as 
his  bedding;  and  as  there  had  been  a  blizzard  across  the  country 
at  that  time,  he  has  a  very  vivid  recollection  that  it  was  rather  a 
painful  cold  journey,  and  somewhat  limited  as  to  commissary. 


1065 

was  sold  in  1880  to  Mr.  Bud  Driskell,  and  about 
that  time  Mr.  Lee  purchased  for  the  firm  a  tract 
of  land  on  the  Canadian  River  at  or  near  the  New 
Mexico  line  from  Messrs.  Gunter  &  Munson,  and 
contracted  for  a  herd  of  cattle  from  Reynolds  & 
Mathews  of  Albany,  Tex.  These  cattle  were  the 
beginning  and  basis  of  the  herd  carrying  the  LE 
brand  which  afterwards  became  well  known.  In  the 
dissolution  of  the  firm  and  division  of  the  property, 
this  herd  and  the  lands  were  taken  by  Mr.  Reynolds, 
and  the  Reynolds  Land  &  Cattle  Co.,  was  formed  to 
operate  at  that  point  in  the  Panhandle.  Other  lands 
were  accumulated  to  a  total  of  over  250,000 
acres;  the  herd  was  enlarged  to  the  capacity  of 
the  ranch,  or  about  12,000  head,  and  was  bred  up 
by  the  use  of  purebred  bulls  exclusively,  and  by 
care  and  attention  the  quality  of  the  herd  was  im- 
proved until  it  was  probably  excelled  by  none.  The 
first  bulls  used  were  purebred  Shorthorns,  mostly 
from  Mr.  Stone's  herd,  and  these  were  followed  by 
purebred  Herefords  from  the  same  source.  Others 
were  obtained  from  Messrs.  Gudgell  &  Simpson, 
and  firms  of  like  prominence. 

This  company  operated  until  1902,  when  the  lands 
were  sold  through  their  manager  to  the  Prairie  Cat- 
tle Company  of  Edinburgh,  Scotland,  and  the  cattle 
to  Mr.  J.  J.  Hagerman,  and  moved  to  a  point  near 
Roswell,  N.  M.  All  of  the  cattle  were  so  disposed 
of,  excepting  a  few  hundred  purebred  Herefords 
which  were  brought  to  some  lands  owned  by  Mr. 
Reynolds  near  La  Junta,  Colo.  This  herd  was  run 


1066  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

there  a  few  years,  when  the  better  portion  of  it 
was  sent  to  the  mountains  near  Delta,  Colo.,  where 
they  are  now  a  part  of  the  herd  of  the  E.  J.  M. 
Cattle  Company  at  that  place,  in  which  Mr. 
Keynolds  is  still  interested. 

During  the  operations  in  the  Panhandle  of  Texas 
the  firm  bought  at  one  shipment  fifty  registered 
bulls  from  the  principal  Hereford  herds  of  Eng- 
land. These  were  turned  upon  the  range.  In  reply 
to  an  inquiry  from  the  author  as  to  the  results  of 
the  use  of  the  Shorthorn  and  Hereford  bulls  upon 
the  LE  herd,  Mr.  Reynolds  says : 

"The  cattle  bearing  the  LE  brand  in  the  Pan- 
handle were  originally  Texas  cows  from  the  vicinity 
of  Albany,  Tex.  The  first  cross  on  these  cows 
was  made  with  Shorthorn  bulls.  We  used  these 
bulls  about  two  or  three  years  in  the  herd  before 
they  were  displaced  to  any  great  extent  with 
Herefords,  so  that  we  might  say  the  basis 
of  the  herd  was  a  cross  of  Shorthorn  blood  on  the 
Texas  cattle,  followed  by  the  Herefords  on  these 
cows.  There  can  be  no  question  but  what  we  got 
good  results  from  this  method. 

"I  noticed  evidence  in  the  herd  for  many  years 
of  the  original  use  of  the  Shorthorn  bulls,  even 
after  we  had  been  using  exclusively  Herefords  in 
the  herd.  I  think  the  chief  evidence  of  the  breed- 
ing back  to  the  Shorthorn  blood,  was  shown  in  the 
diminished  size  of  the  horns  of  our  white-faced! 
cattle,  occasional  Shorthorn  markings  on  the 
bodies,  such  as  roans,  and  occasionally  a  red  spot 
on  the  face  or  nose,  which  clearly  showed  the  Short- 
horn strain.  We  changed  to  the  Herefords  on  the 
theory  that  they  were  the  more  hardy  animals  for 


1067 

range  use,  as  well  as  being  in  themselves  as  good 
if  not  better  than  the  Shorthorns.  I  certainly 
should  at  this  time  prefer  to  take  my  chances  with 
the  Herefords  if  I  were  going  into  the  cattle-raising 
business,  chiefly  on  account  of  the  probability  of 
their  greater  endurance. " 

Westward  Ho! — With  the  passing  of  the  open 
range  the  establishment  of  real  "quality"  herds  in 
the  newer  west  bids  fair  to  result  in  a  material  ex- 
tension of  the  field  of  pedigree  Hereford  breeding 
in  the  United  States.  The  character  of  the  herds 
that  have  been  founded  in  recent  years  in  the  Rocky 
Mountain  region,  as  illustrated  by  the  exhibits  at 
the  Denver  show,  indicate  clearly  that  the  produc- 
tion of  top  cattle  of  this  favorite  western  type  is 
likely  to  become  a  large  and  important  industry  in 
connection  with  the  further  evolution  of  the  cattle 
trade  of  the  mountain  and  inter-mountain  states. 

Typical  of  this  new  condition  is  the  case  presented 
by  the  persistent  purchase  of  cattle  of  the  highest 
class  by  Mr.  A.  B.  Cook.  He  is  engaged  in  concrete 
construction  work  in  a  large  way  in  Canada  and 
our  own  Northwest,  but  has  lived  in  Montana  since 
the  early  '80  's  and  knowing  what  has  been  accom- 
plished in  the  past  by  the  Herefords  on  the  open 
ranges  of  that  region,  he  finally  decided  to  assem- 
ble a  herd  of  the  best  registered  "white  faces"  ob- 
tainable, in  order  to  see  what  Montana  climate,  Mon- 
tana bluegrass  and  alfalfa  hay,  Montana  oats  and 
barley  and  Montana  sugar  beets,  coupled  with  proper 
care  and  attention,  would  do  for  the  highest  type  of 
modern  American-bred  Hereford.  His  great  enter- 


1068  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

prise  in  securing  valuable  material  for  this  purpose 
is  deserving  of  all  praise,  and  at  our  request  he 
furnishes  the  following  statement  as  to  his  opera- 
tions : 

"Look  back  a  few  years  and  remember  the  range 
cattle  shipped  from  Montana — cattle  three  to  four 
years  old  that  had  never  even  tasted  hay  until  they 
were  en  route  to  the  eastern  market.  Could  you 
beat  them  any  place  on  earth,  raised  under  similar 
conditions  ? 

"My  first  effort  in  connection  with  the  establish- 
ment of  a  registered  herd  was  to  buy  the  best 
foundation  stock  procurable.  I  visited  most  of  the 
dispersion  sales  for  several  years,  buying  only  cows 
that  were  outstanding,  and  all  as  near  one  type  as 
possible.  First  I  would  select  from  pedigrees,  going 
through  the  catalogs  thoroughly  and  selecting  only 
cows  whose  breeding  suited  me.  I  then  passed  on 
them  as  individuals.  If  the  cow  came  up  to  my 
standard  I  invariably  bought  her  in  the  ring,  if  not, 
no  matter  how  cheap  she  went,  I  would  not  buy. 
It  was  quality  I  had  to  have.  Often  I  would  only 
find  one  cow  that  suited  me  at  a  sale,  other  times 
two  or  three,  and  sometimes  a  carload.  I  had  my 
standard  and  the  cows  I  bought  must  come  up  to  it. 

"My  greatest  problem  was  the  selection  of  herd 
bulls.  I  was  fortunate  in  my  first  selection — Beau 
Carlos  248915,  one  of  the  greatest  of  the  breed,  sire 
of  the  grand  champion  Joy  and  other  winners.  Up 
to  this  time  I  have  never  sold  but  one  of  his  heifers 
and  I  have  since  tried  to  re-purchase  her.  The  se- 
lection of  the  balance  of  my  herd  bulls  caused  me 
considerable  trouble.  I  traveled  thousands  of  miles, 
inspecting  many  animals.  The  right  breeding  I 
wanted  first,  then  conformation  and  type.  This  com- 
bination was  hard  to  find,  but  I  finally  succeeded, 


THE  "ROUND-UP"  1069 

far  beyond  my  expectations,  in  securing  Fairfax 
16th  316931,  undefeated  grand  champion  bull  of 
America  during  1912,  Beau  Perfection  9th  368012, 
Beau  Perfection  23d  394172,  Premier  2d  311882, 
and  Standard  llth  411222. 

' '  We  try  to  keep  our  breeding  cows  in  good  thriv- 
ing condition,  breeding  them  to  the  bull  with  which 
we  think  they  will  nick  best.  We  are  not  always 
successful  in  this,  but  the  percentage  is  good  and 
we  keep  trying  until  we  do  hit  it.  We  try  to  keep 
our  calves  growing.  The  calf,  once  stunted,  never 
regains  what  it  has  lost  and  never  makes  as  good 
an  animal  as  if  it  had  been  kept  growing  and  de- 
veloping steadily. 

"No  enterprise  that  I  have  ever  been  connected 
with  has  given  me  greater  pleasure  than  the  raising 
of  purebred  cattle.  When  it  comes  to  real  enjoy- 
ment here  is  where  I  get  mine. ' ' 

A  Word  About  Herdsmen. — The  author  cannot 
bring  this  volume  to  a  close  without  a  word  on  the 
subject  of  the  men  who  have  the  actual  care  of  herds. 
Upon  them  rests  to  a  marked  degree  the  responsibil- 
ity for  success  or  failure.  We  have  taken  pleasure 
all  the  way  through  this  narration  in  referring  from 
time  to  time  to  various  individuals  who  have  con- 
tributed largely  toward  the  accomplishments  of  the 
cattle  of  their  employers.  Unfortunately  in  a  vol- 
ume such  as  this  it  is  quite  as  impracticable  to  men- 
tion by  name  all  those  in  this  profession  who  are 
really  entitled  to  this  recognition  as  it  has  been  to 
make  a  record  of  the  operations  of  all  owners  and 
breeders  of  good  "white  faces/' 

A  number  of  portraits  of  some  of  the  better  known 


1070  A  HISTORY  OF  HEREFORD  CATTLE 

herdsmen  are  presented.  Others  would  have  been 
shown  had  the  author  succeeded  in  obtaining  the 
necessary  photographs.  In  several  notable  instances 
most  capable  men  have  shrunk  from  this  publicity, 
even  though  it  was  unsought  on  their  part.  It  will 
of  course  be  understood  that  the  portraits  shown 
have  been  made  from  photographs  supplied  at  the 
special  request  of  the  author.  A  long  period  of  ob- 
servation of  the  work  of  men  of  this  type  on  both 
sides  the  water  has  convinced  us  of  the  justice  of 
generous  recognition  of  their  efforts.  While  as  a 
rule  they  receive  full  consideration  at  the  hands 
of  their  employers  and  of  cattle  breeders  in  gen- 
eral, the  author  has  such  a  keen  appreciation  of 
the  importance  of  the  part  they  play  in  the  work 
that  he  believes  frequent  note  should  be  made  of 
their  valuable  services.* 

An  Involuntary  Tribute.— One  more  little  story 
and  we  close.    As  is  commonly  known,  most  of  the 

*We  are  reminded  at  this  point  that  we  have  not  yet  sup- 
plied certain  details  concerning  the  work  of  George  Mason,  an- 
other of  the  "old  guard"  of  good  herdsmen.  He  was  born  in 
Aberdeen,  Scotland,  Sept.  2,  1852,  worked  with  Angus  herds  in 
Scotland  for  about  ten  years  and  came  to  America  in  1882,  bring- 
ing over  an  importation  of  Angus  cattle  for  Geary  Bros,  in  Can- 
ada. He  spent  three  years  with  the  herd  of  Mossom  Boyd  and 
came  to  the  United  States  in  1889  to  the  Heref9rd  herd  of  C.  H. 
Elmendorf,  Kearney,  Neb.,  where  he  remained  six  years. 

At  the  Chicago  World's  Fair  the  show  herd  in  George's  charge 
included  Earl  of  Shadeland  30th,  Lily,  Lady  Daylight  and  Lady 
Laurel.  In  the  fall  of  1895  he  went  to  the  herd  of  W.  S.  Van- 
Natta  and  in  the  fall  of  1897  to  C.  S.  Cross,  Emporia,  Kans.,  thence 
to  John  Hooker,  New  London,  O.,  for  about  eighteen  months. 
After  that  he  spent  several  years  with  Angus  and  Shorthorn  herds 
and  later  a  year  with  the  Hereford  herd  of  John  E.  Painter,  Rog- 
gen,  Colo.  He  now  has  charge  of  the  Herefords  on  Highland 
Ranch,  owned  by  K.  H.  Zwick,  near  Pyramid,  Colo. 

Fred  Corkins,  who  tended  Dale  and  other  celebrities  for  Jesse 
Adams,  ought  not  to  be  forgotten,  and  among  contemporary 
workers  we  should  not  omit  to  mention  William  Burlton,  now 
with  Mr.  Tow;  "Andy"  Meikle,  who  went  from  Cudahy  to  Harris, 
and  "Bob"  Johnson,  who  has  made  up  many  Hereford  as  well  as 
black  polled  champions. 


THE  "ROUND-UP"  1071 

cattle  buyers  for  the  packing  houses  at  the  stock 
yards  have  a  special  fancy  for  Aberdeen-Angus 
bullocks.  While  good  bidders  for  prime  Herefords, 
they  sometimes  like  to  find  a  little  fault.  In  this 
connection  the  following  incident  is  of  interest  as 
illustrating  this  inclination  on  the  part  of  some  of 
those  who  ride  the  alleys  at  the  yards  in  quest  of 
good  steers.  It  happened  at  the  International  some 
years  ago  at  the  time  "Dan"  Black  exhibited  his 
best  load  of  JJ  cattle.  The  Krambeck  blacks  had 
been  given  the  grand  championship  over  them, 
which  Hereford  men  generally  characterized  as  a 
mistake,  pointing  out  that  Irwin  Bros,  bought  Mr. 
Black's  Herefords  but  only  took  the  ribs  and  loins 
of  the  Angus.  The  latter  were  killed  at  Swift's 
and  the  former  at  Armour's.  " Billy"  Kay,  a  son 
of  old  Scotia,  was  at  that  time  with  Swift's;  in  fact, 
he  had  been  with  the  company  some  twenty  years. 
He  fell  into  a  warm  dispute  with  John  Gosling  as 
to  the  relative  merits  of  the  breeds  and  being  some- 
what "put  to  it"  for  a  rejoinder  to  some  of  the 
Hereford  arguments  advanced,  finally  blurted  out: 

"All  yer  Herefords  are  guid  for  is  to  mak'  money 
for  the  farr-mers" — with  a  fine  Scotch  burr  on  the 
latter  word.  Some  time  afterwards  "Billy",  who 
owned  land  in  Oklahoma,  decided  to  buy  some  Here- 
ford bulls  for  his  own  use. 

As  to  Fashions. — Fortunately  there  is  little  oc- 
casion for  warning  the  friends  of  the  Hereford 
against  the  pitfalls  of  fads  and  fashions  in  dealing 
with  the  pedigrees  of  their  breeding  animals.  In 


1072  A   HISTORY  OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

the  first  place  they  have  always  utilized  the  tabu- 
lated pedigree — a  form  of  presenting  bloodlines 
that  sets  forth  the  facts  in  their  proper  relation. 
Their  colleagues  in  the  Shorthorn  and  Aberdeen- 
Angus  world  have  not  always  been  so  wise."  By 
the  method  of  pedigree-printing  long  in  vogue 
among  the  latter  one  of  the  maternal  lines  was 
paraded  in  such  way  as  to  build  up  a  more  or  less 
mythical  basis  of  family  or  tribal  prestige  which, 
however  convenient  it  may  have  been,  was  wholly 
misleading  and  tended  to  exaggerate  out  of  all  rea- 
son the  importance  of  a  certain  fractional  part  of 
the  real  pedigree.  Some  remote  female  ancestress 
gave  name,  and  in  many  cases  supplied  almost  the 
sole  measure  of  value  to  great  groups  of  cattle,  to 
the  exclusion  of  the  immediate  ancestors  on  both 
sides  of  the  house. 

In  so  far  as  they  use  "family"  nomenclature  at 
all,  Hereford  breeders  commonly  group  their  breed- 
ing animals  under  heads  that  convey  a  definite 
meaning.  They  have  their  Wiltons,  Anxieties,  Grove 
3ds,  Garfields,  Beau  Donalds,  Perfection  Fairfaxes, 
Disturbers,  Eepeaters,  etc.,  thus  laying  stress 
where  it  of  right  belongs,  on  the  great  producing 
bulls ;  and  as  a  rule  they  have  followed  a  great  bull's 
blood  only  so  far  as  it  appeared  to  make  good  in  his 
descendants. 

The  record  price  for  a  Hereford  bull  has  already 
been  noted.  The  American  top  for  a  Shorthorn 
bull  was  higher— $17,900  for  the  14th  Duke  of 
Thornedale — but  in  his  case  the  bidding  was  influ- 


Copyright  photo  by  Parsons 
SAILOR     KING.     CHAMPION     OVER     ALL     BREEDS— PRINCE     OF 


WALES 


PRIZE— AT   THE   ROYAL   OF   1913. 


MARINER.   CHAMPION  AT  THE  ROYAL  DUBLIN  SHOW   OF   1911. 


1074  A  HISTORY  OF   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

enced  to  a  very  large  degree  by  the  mere  fact  that 
he  was  of  the  so-called  pure  Duchess  lino.  Unlike 
Beau  Perfection  24th,  it  is  more  than  doubtful  if  1 1  is 
Grace  of  Thorndale  could  ever  have  gained  a  prize 
on  his  own  merits  in  any  great  showy  a  rd.  How- 
ever, the  breeders  of  Shorthorns  long  ago  got  over 
that  folly  and  are  today  doing  a  good  business  on 
the  sound  basis  of  inherited  individual  worth. 

It  is  sometimes  well  to  recall  the  mistakes  of 
others,  because  weeds  grow  in  every  garden  and  as 
Mr.  John  W.  Cruickshank  of  Aberdeenshire  once 
wrote  to  the  author,  "the  weeds  produced  even  by 
the  good  sorts  should  be  carefully  avoided. ' '  Popu- 
larity, however  attained,  breeds  the  tendency  to 
save  and  exalt  all  the  material  that  emanates  from 
a  given  source.  There  is  temptation  at  times  to 
throw  the  mantle  of  a  great  and  deserved  blood 
popularity  over  the  defects  of  animals  that  by  the 
rigid  tenets  of  the  Hereford  faith  should  be  dis- 
carded. We  counsel  all  true  friends  of  the  "white 
face"  to  stand  steadfastly  against  any  such  prac- 
tice. One  of  the  fundamental  elements  in  Hereford 
success  has  been  freedom  from  fads  and  fancies. 
Their  breeders  have  never  been  dragged  as  slaves 
at  the  wheel  of  an  indefensible  fashion  or  pedigree 
speculation.  They  have  the  blessed  privilege  of  buy- 
ing and  using  any  bull,  out  of  any  Herd,  in  England 
or  America,  so  long  as  it  comes  up  to  herd  book 
requirements,  and  there  are  none  to  say  '  *  thou  shalt 
not!"  In  this  liberty  lies  the  seed  of  all  true 
progress,  all  lasting  success. 


THE  "ROUND-UP"  1075 

Modern  English  Herefords.— It  will  be  noted  that 
our  detailed  narration  of  the  Herefordshire  side  of 
this  story  ended  with  the  general  suspension  of  im- 
portations about  1890.  Writing  as  we  are  for  Amer- 
ican readers  and  limited  as  we  must  be  in  the  matter 
of  space,  it  has  been  found  quite  impracticable  to 
refer  specially  to  what  has  been  doing  in  more  recent 
years  in  the  old  home  of  the  breed.  The  truth  is 
that  our  own  breeders  have  felt  for  a  long  time 
past  that  they  had  actually  passed  their  colleagues 
across  the  sea  in  the  matter  of  the  elevation  of  the 
Hereford  standard  of  merit. 

And  yet  the  old  blood  is  still  doing  its  wondrous 
work  over  there  in  the  beautiful  Severn  vale. 
Handed  down  from  father  to  son,  as  in  the  days 
of  old,  prized  and  preserved  as  the  proudest  pos- 
session a  Herefordshire  farmer  can  boast,  undis- 
turbed by  the  ceaseless  rise  and  fall  of  prices,  un- 
moved by  any  extraneous  influence  whatsoever,  the 
descendants  of  the  Hereford  fathers,  staunch  de- 
fenders of  their  heritage,  are  still  producing  cattle 
the  equal  of  any  that  have  hitherto  been  seen  in 
their  native  pastures  or  in  the  great  forum  of  the 
Royal  showy ard.  This  is  clearly  indicated  by  the 
illustrations  of  recent  prize-winners  reproduced 
in  these  pages. 

And  in  acknowledging  our  debt  to  these  steadfast 
men  of  Hereford,  notwithstanding  the  claim  that 
we  have  evolved  here  a  more  uniform  type  of  cat- 
tle, let  us  not  be  hasty  in  declaring  our  inde- 
pendence. Great  as  have  been  our  results  in  the 


1076 


A   HISTORY   OF   HEREFORD    CATTLE 


blending  and  doubling  of  the  Anxiety,  Garfield  and 
other  bloods  of  the  old  importations,  we  do  not 
have  to  go  back  far  to  meet  the  March  Ons  in  the 
hands  of  VanNatta,  Funkhouser  and  their  contem- 
poraries ;  and  —  lest  we  forget  —  Kirk  Armour 
brought  out  from  England  in  comparatively  recent 


Photo  by  Sports  and  General  Press  Agency,  London 
AVONDALE,   HIS  MAJESTY  THE  KING'S  ROYAL  WINNER  OF  1914. 

years  the  mother  of  Perfection  Fairfax!  So  let 
us,  while  rejoicing  in  the  marvelous  character  of 
our  modern  American-bred  Hereford,  not  forget  that 
the  highest  development  in  the  future,  as  in  the 
past,  is  most  likely  to  attend  a  resort  to  the  best 
material  the  entire  breed  affords,  regardless  of  in- 
ternational boundaries  or  blue  water. 
Complete  liberty  of  selection,  limited  only  by  the 


THE  "ROUND-UP"  1077 

entire  Hereford  body,*  both  at  home  and  abroad, 
is  the  surest  way  of  retaining  present  excellence 
and  insuring  future  progress.  Proud  as  we  may 
well  be  of  what  we  have  already  accomplished,  let 
us  not  wrap  ourselves  up  in  the  mantle  of  infalli- 
bility or  self-sufficiency  but  rather  keep  minds  and 
hearts  open  for  the  reception  of  all  that  is  of  proved 
goodness  wherever  and  whenever  it  may  be  found. 

Conclusion. — And  so  our  story  ends — leaving  off, 
as  it  began,  with  a  reference  to  the  old  home  across 
the  sea.  It  seems  but  yesterday  that  we  wandered 
first  among  the  green  fields  and  apple  blossoms  of 
Hereford,  but  this  attempt  at  following  the  for- 
tunes of  the  white-faced  cattle  has  surely  led  us  far 
and  held  us  long.  Our  survey  of  their  origin,  devel- 
opment and  wide  distribution  up  to  date,  incom- 
plete and  fragmentary  as  it  is,  must  now  be  brought 
to  a  conclusion.  Not  even  all  the  "high  spots " 
have  been  touched.  Much  that  should  by  right  have 
found  a  place  in  a  volume  of  this  character  remains 
untouched.  There  is  therefore  only  this  to  be  said: 

Nothing  that  any  man  has  ever  done  to  further 
the  cause  of  the  Hereford  cattle,  whether  it  be  set 
forth  in  written  page  or  not,  can  ever  be  really  lost. 
The  Hereford s  of  today  are  the  sum  total  of  all  the 
effort  that  has  been  put  upon  them  from  the  days 
of  Ben  Tomkins  and  his  predecessors  up  to  now. 
The  mark  of  every  owner,  for  good  or  for  evil,  is 
on  the  breed  as  it  stands.  Whether  public  acknowl- 
edgement be  made  or  not,  the  impress  of  even  the 
least  of  those  who  have  assumed  the  responsibility 


1078  A   HISTORY   OP   HEREFORD   CATTLE 

of  handling  these  good  cattle  •  has  been  left  upon 
them.  The  Herefords  of  today  are  what  they  are 
by  reason  only  of  the  skill,  or  lack  of  skill,  of  those 
who  have  received  them  as  an  inheritance  from  the 
generations  gone  before.  And  if  we  may  judge  of 
the  work  of  American  Hereford  breeders  as  a  whole 
by  the  type  as  it  exists  in  our  western  states  as  we 
bring  these  notes  to  a  conclusion,  we  may  conscien- 
tiously enter  up  the  verdict :  ' '  Well  done,  good  and 
faithful  servants/1 

The  history  of  live  stock  husbandry  affords  no  ac- 
count of  stewardship  more  honestly,  more  faith- 
fully fulfilled.  American  breeders  in  particular, 
prone  as  they  are  to  be  influenced  by  the  coming 
and  going  of  remunerative  prices,  and  not  specially 
inclined  to  travel  in  the  footsteps  of  their  fathers 
in  any  calling,  have  certainly  in  this  case  kept  the 
faith,  conserving  loyally  the  material  handed  down 
by  those  who  have  gone  before.  Mindful  of  the  debt 
they  owe  both  to  the  past  and  the  future,  they  have 
not  only  upheld  the  highest  standards  of  the  olden 
days,  but  possibly  have  set  the  mark  of  finish, 
breed  character,  quality  and  prepotency  at  levels 
never  heretofore  attained. 

But,  after  all,  the  most  appealing  note  developed 
by  this  narration  is  that  which  records  the  courage 
and  the  bravery  of  the  Hereford  wherever  there  has 
been  peril  to  be  faced  on  cattle  ranges! 

Throughout  all  the  world,  wherever,  in  order  to 
improve  upon  a  native  stock,  there  has  been  a  for- 
lorn hope  to.  be  led — whether  on  the  ice-bound  banks 


1079 


of  the  Saskatchewan,  in  the  desolation  of  dusty 
deserts,  under  equatorial  suns,  in  Australian  bush 
or  upon  African  veld — there  has  the  lion-hearted 
Hereford  practically  walked  alone! 

Over-lord  of  the  grazing  world !  Pathfinder  of  the 
sands  and  snows !  Filler  of  f eedlots  and  generous 
provider  of  prime  beef!  From  the  grass-roots  of 
the  plains  and  prairies  that  have  known  the  touch  of 
thy  hardy  hoof  more  gold  has  sprung  than  has  ever 
yet  been  wrested  from  all  the  rocks  and  rivers  of 
thy  vast  western  kingdom ! 

THE  END. 


THE  COMING  OF  THE  CATTLE. 

[PUBLISHER'S  NOTE. — While  the  author  of  this  volume  was 
writing  the  concluding  paragraphs  of  the  chapter  entitled  "The 
Long  Trail",  he  began,  purely  for  his  own  mental  diversion,  a 
Hiawathan  imitation  having  as  its  motive  the  dramatic  phases 
of  the  expulsion  and  virtual  extinction  of  the  Indian  tribes,  the 
buffalo  and  the  countless  other  "children"  of  the  western  wilder- 
ness that  followed  the  general  occupation  of  the  ranges.  The 
first  crushing  reverses  suffered  by  the  cattle,  the  lessons  learned 
by  the  pioneer  cattlemen  through  over-stocking  and  general  lack 
of  foresight,  and  above  all  the  re-formation  of  their  lines  under 
the  leadership  of  the  hardy  Hereford,  supplied  the  material  for 
its  elaboration. 

The  real  story  is,  of  course,  already  concluded,  and  the  author 
naturally  feels  that  none  but  himself  can  have  any  special  interest 
in  "The  Coming  of  the  Cattle".  The  publishers  do  not  assume 
to  pass  upon  the  presence  or  absence  of  literary  merit  in  the 
composition.  It  was,  as  above  indicated,  not  intended  for  publica- 
tion. They  do  believe  nevertheless  that  as  an  unconventional 
portrayal  of  the  Hereford's  greatest  achievement  up  to  date,  the 
adherents  of  the  great  grazing  breed  may  possibly  wish  to  possess 
the  fanciful  picture  painted.] 

Ever  as  the  evening  shadows 

Deepen  o'er  the  plains  and  prairies, 

Ever  as  the  darkness  gathers 

'Round  the  foot-hills  and  the  mountains, 

In  the  fire-light  there  are  phantoms, 

In  the  pine-trees  mystic  murmurs, 

Spirit  voices  calling  ever 

From  the  land  beyond  the  sun-set. 

There  is  moon-light  on  the  mesa, 

Stars  are  shining  o'er  the  sages, 

And  the  night-wind  from  the  desert 

Bears  upon  its  wings  the  wailing 

Of  the  red  men  in  their  lodges, 

Of  the  dwellers  in  the  canons, 

Of  the  children    of   the   vegas, 

Of  the  bison  on  the  meadows, 

Of  the  grizzlies  in  the  gulches, 

Of  the  wolves  upon  the  barrens; 

And   forever  in  the   gloaming 

As  the  Great  Bear  watches  o'er  them 

Can  be  heard  their  plaintive  story 

Of  the  peace  upon  the  ranges, 

Of  the  fatness  of  the  grazing, 

Of  the  plenty  in  the  valleys, 

Of  the  shelter  in  the  forest 

In  the  days  before  the  coming 

Of  the  pale-face  and  the  cattle. 

1080 


Countless  moons  had  passed  above  them, 
Nature's  creatures  of  the  dry-lands, 
And  their  comrades  of  the  high-lands. 
Generations  came  and  vanished; 
Still  there  came  naught  to  appal  them. 

Feared  they  not  the  fangs  of  winter, 
Nor  the  flaming  breath  of  summer, 
For  the  North-wind  was  their  keeper 
And  the  South  a  loving  mother; 
And  the  wandering  breezes  told  not, 
And  the  rippling  rivers  sang  not 
Of  the  evil  days  impending. 
But  the  thunder  clouds  were  hanging 
Heavy  o'er  the  hapless  races. 
Moons   of   plenty   shine   not   always, 
Bluest  skies  at  last  are  blackened, 
Lightnings  hover  in  the  sunshine, 
Longest  trails  must  have  an  ending. 
And  there  came  the  day  of  waking. 

Signs  portentous  in  the  heavens, 
Fires  by  night  and  clouds  at  noon-day, 


Copyright  photo  by  Erwin  E.   Smith 
"Fires  by  night  and  clouds  at  noon-day." 


Told  of  trampling  hosts  advancing, 
From  the  distant  Rio  Grande". 

1081 


Hoofs  were  heard  along  the  Brazos, 
Horns  were  tossing  on  the  Pecos! 
From  the  far-off  Southern  pastures, 
From  the  waters  of  the  Concho, 
From  the  grassy  realms  of  Texas, 
Day  by  day  in  countless  numbers 
Pressed  the  cattle  to  the  conquest. 
Northward,  Westward,  ever  Northward, 
Toward  the  sunny  plains  of  Kansas, 
Toward  the  walls  of  Colorado. 

Night  by  night  their  bed-grounds  found  them 
Nearer  still  and  always  nearer 
To  the  nameless   unknown   perils 
Of  the  Northland  they  had  entered 
On  the  trails  that  led  not  backward. 

Not  the  pangs  of  thirst  nor  hunger, 
Not  the  Northern   storm-clouds'    warning, 
Not  the  stampede  in  the  darkness, 
Not  the  seas  of  fire  that  threatened 
On  the  wind-swept  blazing  prairies 
Stayed  them  in  their  great  migration 
As  they  journeyed  ever  onward 
Toward  the  sand  hills  of  Nebraska, 
Toward  the  Bad  Lands  of  Dakota, 
Northward,  Westward,  ever  Northward. 

And  the  Chinook  came  to  cheer  them. 
Higher  still  and  ever  higher 
Newer  pastures  bloomed  and  beckoned. 
Where  the  Yellowstone  was  flowing, 
Where  the  wide  Missouri  wandered, 
Where  Montana's  peaks  were  gleaming, 
Where  the  Big  Horn  dreamed  of  battle, 
Where  Wyoming's   highest   ranges 
Led   up  "to  the  lofty   passes, 
To  the  parting  of  the  waters, 
Came  the  cow-men  and  their  cattle, 
Came  the  bronco  and  the  buster, 
Came  the  camp-fire  and  the  cabin, 
Came  the  round-up  and  the  branding. 

Where   the   silent   snowy  summits 
Guard  the  Colorado's  sources, 
Where  the  darkly-frowning  forests 
Hide  the  Rio  Grande's  fountains, 
Lo,  the  west  wind  came  a-sighing, 


Copyright  photo  by  McClure 

'Came  the  cow-men  and  their  cattle." 


Copyright  photo  by  Erwln  B.  Smith 
"Came  the  bronco  and  the  buster." 


Came  a-telling  of  the  coming 

Of  the  cattle  to  the  empire 

That  belonged  to  Montezuma 

In  the  days  before  the  Spaniards. 

Told  of  hoof-prints  of  the  Longhorn 

And  of  lowing  herds  a-basking 

In   the   sunshine   everlasting, 

Where  the  antelope  and  bison 

And  the  cliff-men  of  the  canons 

Had  for  ages  all  unbroken 

Roamed  and  reared  their  happy  children. 

Vainly  had  the  dread  Mojave, 
Vainly  had  the  high  Sierra 
Stayed  the  coming  of  the  cattle 
On  the  trail  of  Coronado; 
For  they  failed  not  in  their  daring 
'Til  beyond  the  burning  desert 
Far  beyond  the  jagged  sky-line 
In  a  flowery  land  and  fruitful 
Billows  beating  on  the  sand-dunes, 
Thundering  on  the  rocky  headlands, 
Marked  the  ending  of  the  grazing. 

From  their  ancient  haunts  the  hunted 
Creatures  that  the  wild  had  nurtured, 
Driven  from  their  lands  and  waters, 
Now   in  sullen  stealth  retreated 
To  their  secret  rocks  of  refuge, 
Calling   on   their   sleeping   war-gods: 
Prayed  that  elemental  furies 
Might  be  loosed  upon  the  ranges. 

And  the  strangers  all  unconscious 
That  the  earth  would  soon  be  shaking 
With  the  anger  of  the  heavens 
Went  their  way  in  peace  and  feared  not. 

As  the  eagle  from  his  eyrie 

Hurls  himself  upon  his  quarry, 

As  the  arrow    from    the    cord    flies, 

As  the  lion  on  his  prey  springs, 

As  a  wounded  herd  bull  charging, 

So  the  wilderness   revolted; 

So  did  Manitou  awaken, 

Swift  to  punish  and  to  chasten. 

1084 


Through  the  North-land  Arctic  demons 
Rode  the   frozen   ice-bound    ranges; 
Through  the  Southland  fiery  dragons 
Scourged  the  earth  with  blazing  horrors. 
Then  the  drifting  to  the  death-traps! 
Hopeless  struggling  of  the  helpless! 
Herds   a-wreck    from   drouth    and    famine! 
Bleaching  bones  to  tell  the  story! 

As  the  spear  by  shield  is  shattered, 
As  the"  shore  turns  back  the  waters, 
As  the  rock  resists  the  torrent, 
So  the  wild   enforced   her   mandates, 
Claimed   her  tribute  of  the  reckless, 
Taught  the  lesson  of  the  ages. 
Nature  brooks  not  mad  defiance! 


But  the  earth  renewed  its  fruitage. 
Sunbeams  dancing  on  the  ranges, 
Waters  from  the  purple  mountains, 
Soft  airs  from  the  Western  ocean, 
Called  the  grasses  from  their  slumbers, 
Clothed  again  the  world  with  verdure. 
And  again  the  herds  were  gathered, 
Not  with  folly  in  the  councils, 
Not  with  blind  chiefs  in  the  saddles. 
Children  scorched  by  fire  have  wisdom. 

On  the  trails  that  led  not  backward 
Once  again  the  cattle  entered; 
Once  again  the  herds  were  scattered 
Far  and   wide  across  the   pastures; 
At  their  head  a  pale-faced  stranger 
Staunch  of  limb  and  lion-hearted, 
From  beyond  the  deep  sea  waters, 
From  the  distant  shores  of  England. 
His  the  heritage  of  ages 
From  the  hills  of  grim  Glamorgan; 
His  the  power  that  was  descended 
Through  the  Hereford  generations, 
From  the  wearing  of  the  burdens 
Of  the  yoke  of  heavy  hauling, 
From  a  life  of  toil  and  travail 
In  the  service  of  his  masters. 

Proud  the  bearing  of  this  chieftain 
As  he  armed  them  for  the  battle; 
Wrapped  them  in  red  robes  of  courage, 
Bound  them  by  the  ties  of  kindred 

1085 


As  of  tribes  by  blood  united; 
Filled  them  with  his  dauntless  spirit, 
Taught  them  how  to  meet  privations, 
Taught  them  how  to  face  the  northers, 
Winter's  stress  and  summer's  terrors; 


Copyright  photo  by  Erwin  E.   Smith 
'At  their  head   a   pale-faced   stranger." 


'Taught  them  how  to  face  privations." 


Fought  their  fight  through  many  perils, 
Led  them  bravely  through  all  dangers, 
Grasped  dominion  of  the  ranges, 
Held  them  in  secured  possession, 
Brought  the  cattle  to  their  kingdom. 
1086 


As  the  leaves  fall  in  October, 

As  the  stream  dies  in  the  quicksands, 

As  the  snow  melts  in  the  sun  rays, 

So  the  children  of  the  open, 

Of  the  mountain,  plain  and  valley, 


Brought  the  cattle  to  their  kingdom. 


Copyright   photo   by   Erwin   E.    Smith 
"Fled   before   the   conquering   cattle." 


Fled  before  the  rail  and  rifle, 
Pled  before  the  conquering  cattle, 
Farther  still  and  ever  farther 
To  the  bosom  of  the  river 
That  is  bearing  them  forever 
Through  the  land  of  the  Hereafter. 


1087 


14  DAY  USE 

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